CN103238489B - Comprehensive prevention and control method for anthracnose of potted sword-leaved cymbidium - Google Patents
Comprehensive prevention and control method for anthracnose of potted sword-leaved cymbidium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a comprehensive prevention and control method for anthracnose of potted sword-leaved cymbidium, belonging to the field of agricultural plant disease control. By aiming at the four growth stages including a leaf-bud budding stage, a bud and young leave growth stage, a flowering stage and a dormancy recovery stage of the potted sword-leaved cymbidium, five prevention and control measures including agricultural prevention and control, plant quarantine, illness monitoring, biological prevention and control, and chemical agent prevention and control are integrally assembled, so that the comprehensive prevention and control measures suitable for each growth stage are provided. The comprehensive prevention and control method for the anthracnose of the potted sword-leaved cymbidium can efficiently control the anthracnose of the cymbidium, obviously reduces number of use and usage amount of pesticide, and has great significance for improving the ornamental value and the economic value of the potted sword-leaved cymbidium and protecting the ecologic environment.
Description
Technical field
The Comprehensive Preventing control method that the present invention relates to a kind of potted plant sword-leaved cymbidium anthracnose, belongs to control of plant disease field.
Background technology
Sword-leaved cymbidium (
cymbidium ensifolium) genus the orchid family (Orchidaceae) Cymbidium (
cymbidium), be perennial unifacial leaf herbaceous plant, be also precious ornamental plants in garden, in China, cultivation history is long, and plant educational circles names with its main product Fujian, ground.In Fujian, can be divided into leaf bud sprouting period (the 3-4 month) vegetative period in sword-leaved cymbidium year, sprouting young leaves vegetative period (the 4-5 the middle ten days and the last ten days month), exhibition florescence (late May-October), dormancy convalescence (March in November-coming year).Leaf bud sprouting period: along with spring temperature gos up, blue strain is revived from dormancy, and leaf bud was broken through the soil in succession in annual March to April.In sprouting young leaves vegetative period: at the beginning of late March to 4 month, long 2 cm of the root of new leaf bud have just had the ability of confessing self-supporting nutrient when above, also just entered sprouting young leaves vegetative period.The exhibition florescence: sword-leaved cymbidium about late May bud just break through the soil, bud is without dormancy convalescence, the growth through 25 days, makes to contend for brightness and offers virtue, the flower stem of a herb is upright, is about 30 cm left and right, delicate fragrance is pleasant, the florescence is generally annual late May-October.Dormancy convalescence: be generally March in November-coming year, blue strain stops growing substantially.In recent years, along with sword-leaved cymbidium large-scale planting area constantly expands, also produced a series of problem in production, plant is subject to disease causes harm, and particularly the generation of anthracnose increases the weight of year by year, has become one of topmost disease in production.Plant all can fall ill from seedling stage to the strain phase, the heaviest with finished product morbidity, sword-leaved cymbidium anthracnose can endanger blade, petal, root, not only cause the current year's production underproduction and quality to reduce, also be the first source of infecting of next year, the anthrax bacteria of wherein hiding in the hiding in plant and soil is the pathogenetic topmost primary source of infection of anthrax in the coming year simultaneously.Sword-leaved cymbidium Anthracnose Pathogen bacterium is mainly colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz, and this pathogen mainly survives the winter on sick leaf, invalid body and withered phyllopodium bract with mycelium, and conidium is through surviving the winter, and its germination rate greatly reduces.Spring Mo next year, early summer wet weather are rainy, and when temperature reaches 22-28 ℃, relative moisture is more than 90%, and pathogen starts to infect, and has more easy infection of wound and hurricane.Pathogen can be propagated and infect near the blade of plant by insect transmission and wind and rain, and then makes overground part reveal any symptoms, forms infection center, causes this disease to spread over a whole area from one point, and rapid spread expands.The generation of this disease and be popularly subject to the impact of kind and meteorological condition larger, wherein take again meteorological condition as main, and under suitable temperature, damp condition, the spore that colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz produces can be bred rapidly, repeatedly infects again, causes very soon popular.Lao Ye generally starts morbidity April, young leaves is from starting morbidity 7-8 month, and high temperature and rainy morbidity in season is serious.If whole strain is injured seriously, when just having sprouted, also infected young shoot morbidity.If flowerpot placement is overstocked in Orchid Garden, weeds are many, and blade is interlaced, and relative moisture is too high, and germ is easily infected again.
When having caused, occur after the condition of damage by disease and insect, with medicament control is late.As sword-leaved cymbidium, if potted plant interior high humidity and temperature are suitable, pathogen will promptly breed, so advance preventing and take different prevention and control measures to seem particularly important at each growth and development stage of sword-leaved cymbidium plant.Therefore, under the condition that can too not depart from nature meteorology, manage, and take different prevention and control measures at each growth and development stage of sword-leaved cymbidium plant, can avoid the outburst of disease large area and propagate.
Present stage, the prevention and control measure that can be used for potted plant sword-leaved cymbidium comprises cultural control, state of illness monitoring, plant quarantine biological control and chemical control etc.Cultural control: utilize field management, rational application of fertilizer crop rotation, rational pruning plant dead leaf, sick leaf, and utilize the methods such as seedling seed selection (seedling seed selection, the seed selection of resistance seedling and healthy seedling seed selection) to reduce pathogen; Advantage is convenient, economical, has good prevention effect, and shortcoming is that the great outburst of pathogen is controlled to weak effect.State of illness monitoring: the anthracnose state of an illness is carried out to Real-Time Monitoring, and period of use is carried out prognosis forecast apart from methods such as method, phenology method and analysiss by synthesis method.Plant quarantine: when nursery stock is allocated and transported, strict implement plant quarantine system, finds that there is germ and exist in time and process, prevents that germ from artificially spreading.Biological control, as adopt the biopesticides such as trichodermin, agricultural streptomycin, the anti-Wuyi of agriculture toxin to prevent and control the spread and epidemic of anthrax bacteria, advantage is nontoxic, harmless, pollution-free, the advantage such as be difficult for developing immunity to drugs, and shortcoming is that the great outburst of pathogen is controlled to effect not as chemical agent.Chemical control, takes the chemical agents such as enemy steady (mixture preparation of Tebuconazole oxime bacterium ester), 53.8% Kocide SD, Difenoconazole, prochloraz-manganese chloride complex, pyraclostrobin, mancozeb (protectiveness is main), tpn (protectiveness is main), 450 g/L prochloraz aqueous emulsions, 80% bordeaux mixture wetting powder, 78% bohr mancozeb wettable powder and 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granule to control the spread and epidemic of anthrax bacteria as utilized; Advantage is instant effect, effective, is not subject to the restriction of area, season and area etc., and has good control efficiency, and shortcoming is in sterilization, and beneficial organism also comes to harm, and destroys the ecological balance, can produce 3R problem.At present, these prevention and control measures are existing use on producing, but owing to according to the different growth and development stages of sword-leaved cymbidium, the prevention and control of anthrax bacteria not being required to carry out effective integration and assembling, not good to the control effect of sword-leaved cymbidium anthracnose, there is the problems such as abuse chemical pesticide, cause in recent years anthracnose to cause harm and be still the gesture increasing the weight of, become one of the most serious disease in sword-leaved cymbidium planting process.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of Comprehensive Preventing control method of potted plant sword-leaved cymbidium anthracnose; the method production application effect is better; potted plant sword-leaved cymbidium anthracnose can be controlled in economic harm threshold value indication range, to promoting the viewing and admiring of potted plant sword-leaved cymbidium, economic worth and preserving the ecological environment, be significant.
The technical scheme that the present invention takes is as follows:
For potted plant sword-leaved cymbidium leaf bud sprouting period, sprouting young leaves vegetative period, exhibition florescence, dormancy convalescence 4 vegetative stages, build the Comprehensive Preventing control method that is applicable to each vegetative period, concrete preventing control method comprises:
(1) leaf bud sprouting period
In conjunction with cultural control, state of illness monitoring, biological control and chemical control, build prevention and control system;
Wherein cultural control: enhance field management, strictly control temp. and humidity and illumination, temperature is controlled 18-20 ℃, and relative moisture is controlled 70-80%, according to the illumination of weather condition artificial supplementation, makes plant accept illumination in 4 hours every day, makes plant obtain sufficient illumination;
State of illness monitoring: the field investigation incidence of disease binding molecule biological means carry out the detection of pathogen to cultivating soil, irrigation water, orchid blade, if pathogen detected, germ plant is carried in isolation immediately, simultaneously, when the field plant incidence of disease reaches 1%, be equipped with biological control, reach and more than 5% be equipped with chemical control;
(2) sprouting young leaves vegetative period
In conjunction with cultural control, biological control and chemical control, build prevention and control system;
Wherein cultural control: enhance field management, the strict temperature and humidity of controlling, along with the rising of temperature and the arriving in rainy season, sprouting young leaves is that germ starts the most in good time phase of sprouting vegetative period, when temperature reaches 22-28 ℃, relative moisture more than 90%, is conducive to spore germination, should be specifically noted that the control of temperature and humidity; Supplement enough light application times simultaneously; Strengthen blue canopy management, popular to prevent that germ from growing;
Biological control: at disease initial stage of origination, with 2% aqua 150-200 times liquid or 4% aqua 300-400 times of liquid spraying, every spray in 7-10 days 1 time, connect and spray 2-3 time; Or with 3% Zhongshengmycin wetting powder, spray concentration is 800-1200 times of liquid, every spray in 7-10 days 1 time, connects and spray 2-3 time;
Chemical control: when the state of an illness is lighter, alternately spray following medicament, every 7-10 days once: 80% 500 times of bordeaux mixture wetting powders, take the steady 1500 times of liquid of enemy, 1500 times of liquid of 250 g/L pyraclostrobin missible oil, 800 times of liquid of 53.8% Kocide SD water dispersible granules; When Field diseases reaches more than 5%, alternately spray following medicament, every 7-10 days once: 10% 1500 times of difenoconazole water dispersible granules liquid, 1000 times of liquid of 450 g/L prochloraz aqueous emulsion, 63% mancozeb and 12% carbendazim be mixed wetting powder 500-800 times liquid, 78% bohr mancozeb wettable powder, 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granule, after the state of an illness is controlled, use 1500 times of liquid of 45% Prochloraz suspending agent, delay the development of disease drug resistance;
(3) the exhibition florescence
In conjunction with cultural control, biological control and Agro-chemicals control, build prevention and control system;
Wherein biological control: before fertilising, spray 300 times of liquid of trichodermin wetting powder, sprayed medicine 1 time every 5-7 days, connect and spray 2 times, or spray 2000 times of liquid of agricultural streptomycin wetting powder, every 7-10 days spray medicines once, connect and spray 2 times, reach the effect that prevention pathogen grows;
Chemical control: when Field diseases reaches more than 5%, alternately spray following medicament, every 7-10 days once: 25% 1500 times of Shi Baoke missible oil liquid, 63% mancozeb and 12% carbendazim be mixed wetting powder 500-800 times liquid, 78% bohr mancozeb wettable powder, 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granule, after the state of an illness is controlled, use 1500 times of liquid of 45% Prochloraz suspending agent, delay the development of disease drug resistance;
(4) dormancy convalescence
In conjunction with cultural control, state of illness monitoring and biological control, build prevention and control system;
Wherein cultural control: 1. enhance field management: note protection against cold and freezing conditions, remove in time growing area weeds, diseased plant, keep blue canopy to clean, ventilate; 2. rich water quality management: in order to improve the anti-adversity ability of plant, when early winter, use potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the micro-fertilizer of multielement of 600 times of liquid to 800 times liquid, foliage-spray when the dusk, weekly, continuous 2 times to 3 times, and can not when early spring, apply fertilizer; 3. plant and cultivation matrix: sword-leaved cymbidium is planted through 2-3, need soil removal and replacement or change basin, simultaneously should be in conjunction with division propagation; No matter turn over and plant or newly plant, all should be selected in dormancy and carry out during convalescence; Before minute pot transplanting, tackle cultivation matrix disinfection, eliminate the pathogen that survives the winter; 3. wipe out in time withered and yellow Lao Ye, sick leaf, with lime, give Lan Peng, Lan Yuan sterilization; 4. the disease-resistant or disease tolerant variety of seed selection; 5. regulate temperature: build Tu Lanpeng, boudoir, or on other plantation of Orchid Garden week arbor, shrub, liane and lawn;
Biological control: spray 300 times of liquid of trichodermin wetting powder, sprayed medicine 1 time every 5-7 days, connect and spray 2 times, or spray 2000 times of liquid of agricultural streptomycin wetting powder, every 7-10 days spray medicines once, connect and spray 2 times, reach the effect that prevention pathogen grows.
Comprehensive Preventing control method of the present invention is according to as follows:
1, grasp sword-leaved cymbidium anthracnose characteristics of incidence, pathogen and pests occurrence rule
The shape of causing harm: sword-leaved cymbidium anthracnose belongs to fungal disease, all can occur throughout the year, in improper ventilation or the not enough situation of illumination, is in a bad way.This disease generally endangers blade and stem, also can encroach on flower.During anthracnose harm blade, how by blade tip or leaf margin nature opening, to be invaded, on initial stage blade, produce filbert depression fleck, scab is expanded into circle gradually later, and scab color is also transformed into brown, and later stage scab is pitchy depression, and form black granule body, while meeting high humility, can overflow pink to salmon pink and stick shape thing, be the conidium heap of pathogen, and conidium heap forms and is subject to illumination effect and normal one-tenth wheel line shape; During harm stem, present existing circle or rotund light brown color spot on stem, scab central authorities raw black point; Harm is during flower, be fade withered; If petal is infected, cannot open and wither in advance, even whole strain is dead.
Pathogen: sword-leaved cymbidium Anthracnose Pathogen bacterium be mainly colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz [
colletotrichurn gloeosporioides(Penz.) Sacc.], belong to Fungi Imperfecti, Coelomycetes, black Pezizale, Colletotrichum.Bacterium colony is circular, velvet-like, and the initial stage be white, central olive green, the later stage fade to blackish green, produce the mitogenetic spore ball of black above.Aceravlus is just born under the epidermis of susceptible tissue, breaks through subsequently epidermis exposed, is black hemispherical, diameter 216～320 μ m.Conidiophore is short, water white transparency, branch not, and base portion color is slightly dark, cylindrical shape, and size is 22.5～32.5 μ m * 4.0～6.0 μ m.Conidium raw on conidiophore top, without barrier film, ellipse.
Occurrence regularity: sword-leaved cymbidium anthracnose can endanger blade, petal, root, not only cause the current year's production underproduction and quality to reduce, also be the first source of infecting of next year, the anthrax bacteria of wherein hiding in the hiding in plant and soil is the pathogenetic topmost primary source of infection of anthrax in the coming year simultaneously.Pathogen mainly survives the winter on sick leaf, invalid body and withered phyllopodium bract with mycelium, and conidium is through surviving the winter, and its germination rate greatly reduces.Spring Mo next year, early summer wet weather are rainy, pathogen starts to infect, there is more easy infection of wound and hurricane, pathogen can be propagated and near the blade of plant infecting by insect transmission and wind and rain, and then make overground part reveal any symptoms, form infection center, cause this disease and spread over a whole area from one point, rapid spread expands.The generation of this disease and be popularly subject to the impact of kind and meteorological condition larger, wherein take again meteorological condition as main.At temperature 22-28 ℃, relative moisture is more than 90%, and soil pH 5.5 ~ 6 is conducive to germ spore germination, and breeding, repeatedly infects again rapidly, causes very soon popular.Lao Ye generally starts morbidity April, young leaves is from starting morbidity 7-8 month, and high temperature and rainy morbidity in season is serious.If whole strain is injured seriously, when just having sprouted, also infected young shoot morbidity.If flowerpot placement is overstocked in Orchid Garden, weeds are many, and blade is interlaced, and relative moisture is too high, and germ is easily infected again.Do not change then basin, minute basin, basin soil is sticky heavily to harden, and gas permeability is poor, and impeded drainage can make disease increase the weight of.
2, carry out state of illness monitoring and observe and predict
According to the pests occurrence rule of sword-leaved cymbidium anthracnose, grasp the dynamic change of the state of an illness, in conjunction with local weather conditions, sword-leaved cymbidium growth and development state, (be to utilize pathogen to grow the bacterium source amount of breeding, the emergence period of pathogen is Sheng phase beginning of pathogen to utilize periodic distance forecast method, the method that peak period or Sheng interlude range prediction in latter stage disease occur, detects pathogen by PCR molecular detection kit, the field state of an illness and morbidity survey, the statistics such as Biological Characters on Pathogen are tried to achieve), phenology forecast method (is to utilize between pathogen and host to live, the correlation of g and D and rule, and with physical environment weather conditions (temperature around, humidity, soil etc.) and bioenvironmental variation as a kind of method of prediction disease), the comprehensive predicted method of analyzing is (according to the bacterium source amount of generating region, the layout of weather conditions and crop disease-resistant kind and growing way, pre-estimate possible generation area, time of origin and popularity degree) analyze the popular relation with meteorological factor of disease, carry out this sick prediction.
3, Comprehensive Preventing control method
Sword-leaved cymbidium anthracnose can occur in each growth period of sword-leaved cymbidium plant, adds the Combined Infection of other diseases, is seriously restricting the yield and quality of sword-leaved cymbidium product.Therefore to the control of sword-leaved cymbidium anthracnose, be an arduousness and complicated work.Adopt single prophylactico-therapeutic measures to be difficult to obtain desirable effect.Should take to adopt the different methods of preventing and treating to carry out the comprehensive regulation at different growing stage, to the control of sword-leaved cymbidium anthracnose, should follow the plant protection policy of " putting prevention first; integrated control ", at the different growth and development stages of sword-leaved cymbidium, the prophylactico-therapeutic measuress such as application " cultural control, plant quarantine, state of illness monitoring, biological control and Agro-chemicals control ", the prevention and control technical system that structure garden pipe (canopy pipe, garden pipe, chamber pipe and ground pipe etc.), quarantine, monitoring, biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion and medicine control are core.
Main prevention and control measure:
(1) cultural control
1. strengthen managing between garden: in time growing area weeds, diseased plant are removed, keep blue canopy to clean, ventilate; Strict control temp. and humidity and illumination, temperature is controlled 18-20 ℃, and relative moisture is controlled 70-80%, with supplementary illumination such as LED, according to weather condition, determines, and within one day, supplements illumination in 4 hours, makes plant obtain sufficient illumination.。
2. strengthen rich water quality management: in order to improve the anti-adversity ability of plant, watering, fertilizing, improves plant resistance in good time; Pour water and determine according to weather condition, avoid broad irrigation, pouring water should be suitable.
3. cultivation matrix and planting: the cultivation matrix of sword-leaved cymbidium is ventilative to loosen, exhaust is good, fertilizer is appropriate, without damage by disease and insect is hiding, be advisable.The composition of cultivation matrix, is made by one or several bases (matrix).Blue soil preparation, take leaf mould as main, take laterite for wanting, then preparation and other materials are rely and stablized plant and the matrix of growing etc. as sand gravel and blue strain.Sword-leaved cymbidium is planted through 2-3, will soil removal and replacement or change basin, and simultaneously should be in conjunction with division propagation.Before budding is transplanted, the disinfection of reply cultivation matrix, eliminates the pathogen that survives the winter.
4. wipe out in time withered and yellow Lao Ye, sick leaf, use lime disinfection Lan Peng, Lan Yuan simultaneously.The Partial cutting of trimming method: Lan Ye, can tiltedly cut a cutter in suitable position, the wedge angle being cut into should be less than 30 °, also has cutting two cuttves, but can not be cut into tack.
5. the disease-resistant or disease tolerant variety of seed selection: the disease-resistant variety of selecting to be applicable to local plantation according to local climatic environment and soil environment.Disease-resistant or the disease tolerant variety of seed selection is the basis of control sword-leaved cymbidium anthracnose, and some cultivarss to disease susceptible easily cause anthracnose to occur on a large scale.Focus on seedling seed selection: no matter turn over and plant or newly plant, all should be selected in dormancy and during convalescence, turn over cultivation or newly plant, breeding should be selected the blue seedling of the anosis worm of well-grown with sword-leaved cymbidium, and is annual plant.Healthy seedling seed selection: when transplanting seedlings and before field planting, consider the quality of nursery stock.The kind shoot survival percent of healthy and strong high-quality is higher, and resistance against diseases is stronger, caused harm gently by disease.
6. build Tu Lanpeng, boudoir, can also be on other plantation of Orchid Garden week arbor, shrub, liane and lawn, for regulating the temperature of blue canopy, boudoir, as slowed down again scattering and disappearing of heat in ground and air winter, summer can absorption portion solar radiant heat.
(2) plant quarantine
Sword-leaved cymbidium colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz contagiosity is strong, has the characteristic of hiding, pathogen mainly with mycelium in soil or cultivation matrix, survive the winter on sick leaf, invalid body and withered phyllopodium bract, very easily with soil or cultivation matrix, seedling etc., propagate.Therefore, in cultivation, allocation and transportation, during seedling, answer strict implement plant quarantine system, find that there is pathogen and exist in time and process, try hard to be seedling, soil or the cultivation matrix etc. not introducing, export with pathogen, prevent that pathogen from artificially spreading.
(3) state of illness monitoring
Sword-leaved cymbidium anthracnose can occur at each vegetative stage of sword-leaved cymbidium plant, occurs the annual 5-6 month and the 9-10 month seriously, therefore, should before these two periods, to cultivating soil, irrigation water, blade, carry out detection of pathogens.Meanwhile, in conjunction with local weather conditions and growth and development of plants situation, period of use,, emphasis was carried out this sick prediction apart from methods such as method, phenology method and analysiss by synthesis method.
(4) biological control
Bacteria agent is conventional in biological control and effective method, can greatly reduce using of chemical pesticide.In early days, can use 300 times of liquid of trichodermin wetting powder (can not be mixed with other bactericide), every spray in 5-7 days 1 time, spraying is 2 times continuously, or spray 2000 times of liquid of agricultural streptomycin wetting powder (can not be mixed with other bactericide), every 7-10 days spray medicines once, connect and spray 2 times, reach the effect that prevention pathogen grows.At disease initial stage of origination, available 2% aqua 150-200 times liquid or 4% aqua 300-400 times of liquid spraying, every spray in 7-10 days 1 time, connect and spray 2-3 time; Or spraying 3% Zhongshengmycin (gram bacterium health) wetting powder (can not be mixed with other bactericide), spray concentration is 800-1200 times of liquid, every spray in 7-10 days 1 time, even sprays 2-3 inferior.
(5) chemical control
Sword-leaved cymbidium anthracnose can endanger blade, petal, root, not only causes the current year's production underproduction and quality to reduce, and is also the first source of infecting of next year simultaneously, and the anthrax bacteria of wherein hiding in the hiding in plant and soil is the pathogenetic topmost primary source of infection of anthrax in the coming year.Therefore, should adopt different control medicaments according to the different growth and development stages of sword-leaved cymbidium, if pesticide abuse not only causes the pesticide resistance of pathogen, not reach the control efficiency of expection, and contaminated environment.
Experiment shows, according to pathogen infection degree difference, can carry out Agro-chemicals control according to the following aspects correspondence.During prevention, use: 53.8% Kocide SD (can kill 2000) 800 times of liquid of water dispersible granules or 500 times of liquid of tpn 75% wetting powder 500-700 Bei Yehuo 80% Bordeaux's wetting powder, (7-10 days mutually time) are used in rotation.When the state of an illness is lighter, use: take steady (mixture preparation of Tebuconazole oxime bacterium ester) the 1500 times of liquid of enemy or 250 1500 times of liquid of g/L pyraclostrobin (Kai Run) missible oil or 53.8% Kocide SD (can kill 2000) 800 times of liquid of water dispersible granules, (7-10 days mutually time) are used in rotation.When the state of an illness is heavier, spray: 10% 1500 times of difenoconazole water dispersible granules liquid or 1000 times of liquid of 450 g/L prochloraz aqueous emulsions or 500 times of 78% bohr mancozeb wettable powders or 63% mancozeb and the 12% carbendazim wetting powder 500-800 times liquid that is mixed, (7-10 days mutually time) are used in rotation.After the state of an illness is controlled, can suitably use 1500 times of liquid of 45% Prochloraz suspending agent, can delay the development of disease drug resistance.
Prevention Technique main points:
(1) detect and monitoring
Perform detection of pathogens and monitoring, find to carry disease germs Lan Miao, process in time, control the primary source of infection of pathogen.
(2) support pipe
Carry out seedling growth greenhouse, greenhouse and support ordinary maintenance maintenance, weed control and the sterilization operation of managing ground, in conjunction with local environment weather, controlling temp. and humidity in good time; In good time watering, fertilizing, prune overstocked branch, deadwood, sick branch in time, to improve ventilation illumination condition, minimizing bacterium source.
(3) strong seedling
Cultivating disease-resistant, healthy seedling, is the pathogenetic key measure of prevention sword-leaved cymbidium anthrax, holds on to this link, can reduce causing harm or alleviating plant extent of injury of the diseases such as anthracnose, also for other prophylactico-therapeutic measuress implement to lay good basis.
(4) biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion
Can use biocontrol fungicide and prevent and treat, particularly the environmental condition sword-leaved cymbidium growth and development stage of suitable germ reproduction not, sprays biocontrol fungicide, can greatly reduce the use of chemical pesticide.
(5) chemoprevention
Using Agro-chemicals control as prevention and control anthracnose, cause harm and make sword-leaved cymbidium avoid the complementary measure that other diseases cause harm.According to the state of an illness, note in good time, appropriate, rotation medication, ban use of high poison, highly toxic pesticide.
The invention provides a kind of Comprehensive Preventing control method of sword-leaved cymbidium anthracnose, relate to the content of the aspects such as cultural control, plant quarantine, state of illness monitoring, biological control and Agro-chemicals control.5 vegetative stages cultivating mainly for potted plant sword-leaved cymbidium plant strain growth; various prophylactico-therapeutic measuress are carried out to integrated assembling; proposition is applicable to the comprehensive measures for the prevention and control in each vegetative period; effectively control the Infection and damage of sword-leaved cymbidium anthracnose; greatly reduce access times and the usage amount of chemical pesticide, to promoting the viewing and admiring of potted plant sword-leaved cymbidium, economic worth and preserving the ecological environment, be significant.
Embodiment
Below will by example, the invention will be further described, these descriptions are not that content of the present invention is further limited.One skilled in the art will understand that the replacement that is equal to that content of the present invention is done, or improve accordingly, within still belonging to protection scope of the present invention.
1, solve the selection problem of part prevention and control measure
(1) research of Anthracnose Pathogen bacterium biological property
Indoor measurement sword-leaved cymbidium colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz (
colletotrichum gloeosporioides) killing temperature and time of conidial biological property and spore.
Experiment material: sword-leaved cymbidium colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz (
c. gloeosporioides) through separation, identify and preserve.Potted plant sword-leaved cymbidium, from Zhangzhou, Fujian cultivation area, plant height 40 cm, 10 left and right of blade.Experimental technique: measured the impact on pathogen sporulation quantity and spore germination such as temperature, illumination, pH value;
Experimental result: the preference temperature that this bacterium produces spore and spore germination is 25～28 ℃, pH value for neutrality or partially micro-acid, illumination condition are that illumination condition is complete darkness or 12h alternation of light and darkness, and 55 ℃ of water-bath 5 min spores are lethal.
(2) application of molecular Biological Detection means
The precise Identification of pathogen and fast detecting are the keys that plant disease is control effectively.For realizing the early monitoring of sword-leaved cymbidium anthrax bacteria and effectively to control propagation and the disease of pathogen popular, set up the Fast Detection Technique of a set of quick, high sensitivity, reliable and stable sword-leaved cymbidium anthrax bacteria.To take more rational preventions control the generation of sword-leaved cymbidium anthracnose and spread, drive and promote health and the sustainable development of orchid industry.
Utilize sword-leaved cymbidium colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz PCR molecular detection kit, operation instructions are as follows:
This kit is applicable to the plant tissue with sword-leaved cymbidium colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz and soil to carry out PCR detection.Pathogen DNA in rapid extraction plant leaf blade tissue for this kit, then uses regular-PCR (or nest-type PRC) reaction to carry out augmentation detection.This kit is easy to use, quick.
This kit kit forms:
Product forms (200 packings)
Operating procedure:
1. DNA extracts
Extract according to a conventional method pathogen DNA in plant leaf blade tissue.
2. PCR reaction
According to following table, prepare reactant liquor:
3. PCR response procedures
PCR response procedures: 94 ℃ of denaturation 5 min; 94 ℃ of sex change 60 sec, 70 ℃ of annealing 60 sec, 72 ℃ are extended 60 sec, 35 circulations; 72 ℃ are extended 7 min.
4. products therefrom can be directly used in the gel electrophoresis of plain agar sugar and watches testing result or frozenly in-20 ℃, save backup.
If 5. do not observe special DNA band in step 4, carry out nest-type PRC operation.
The 1st takes turns response procedures: 94 ℃ of denaturation 5 min; 94 ℃ of sex change 60 sec, it is 55 ℃ that nido the 1st is taken turns annealing temperature, 72 ℃ are extended 60 sec, 35 circulations; 72 ℃ are extended 7 min.
According to following table preparation reactant liquor
The 2nd takes turns response procedures as step 3., according to step 2. preparation reactant liquor.
6. step 5 products therefrom can be directly used in the gel electrophoresis of plain agar sugar and watch testing result.
7. result is judged: when institute's test sample product occur size as 304 bp band, judge that institute's test sample product detect orchid colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz; When size does not appear in institute's test sample product, be 304 bp bands, judge that institute's test sample product do not detect orchid colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz.
(3) prevention and control reagent combination screening
Agro-chemicals control is still one of the most frequently used means of current control sword-leaved cymbidium anthracnose, and instant effect, effective, is not subject to the restriction of area, season and area etc., the sprouting of pathogen is had to good inhibition simultaneously.This experiment, by the measuring of sword-leaved cymbidium field efficacy, has been screened the disease control that several effects are used on different onset degree and occurrent time.
1. the screening of sword-leaved cymbidium field control medicament
Test material: select 78% bohr mancozeb wettable powder (Bordeaux mixture plus Mancozeb WP for examination control medicament, U.S. Xian Nong Co., Ltd produces), 80% Bordeaux's wetting powder (Bordeaux mixture WP, U.S. Xian Nong Co., Ltd produces), 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granule (Difenoconazole WG, Switzerland Xian Zhengda crop protection Co., Ltd produces), 45% Prochloraz suspending agent (Prochloraz SC, Dubai, Shanghai crop protection Co., Ltd produces), 430 g/L tebuconazole suspension concentrates, 90% carbendazim water dispersing granule, 75% mancozeb aqueous dispersion (Shanghai Heben-eastsun Medicaments Co., Ltd.), 75% oxime bacterium
.tebuconazole (take enemy steady) water dispersible granules (Bayer Bitterfeld GmbH Co., Ltd), 250 g/L propiconazole emulsifiable concentrates (Xian Zhengda crop protection Co., Ltd), 250 g/L pyraclostrobin (Kai Run) missible oil (German BASF Co., Ltd), 53.8% Kocide SD (can kill 2000) water dispersible granules (du pont company).
Experimental technique: select the more consistent field of growing way, field management as experimental field in sword-leaved cymbidium cultivation area, ZhangZhou.Experimental plot is processed and is adopted randomized arrangement, and each is processed and repeats 3 times, and each repeats 1 community, each community 15 basin sword-leaved cymbidium.In the dispenser for the first time of disease initial stage of origination.The method that employing sprays, is sprayed to liquid the positive and negative of blade equably, take and sprays clear water as contrast.Every 7 days, use 1 time totally 3 times.7-10 d investigation morbidity strain after 3 dispensers, statistics disease index, and calculate control efficiency.Disease scale standard, with reference to the sword-leaved cymbidium grade scale of Yao Jinai etc., is changed slightly.Observe the impact of reagent agent on sword-leaved cymbidium growth simultaneously.Other agricultural chemicals are not used in dispenser community, and other cultivation managements are by normally carrying out.The formulation of sick leaf grade scale: on the basis of sword-leaved cymbidium planted area investigation sword-leaved cymbidium anthracnose symptom feature and damage situation, from disease plant, adopt and postback the sick leaf that disease weight differs, scab number, measurement scab cumulative area and the blade area of calculating respectively each sick leaf, hang up label and record scab number, lesion area and blade area by leaf; By Lesion number, sick leaf is divided into 5 classes, adds up the coefficient of variation (CV) of all kinds of sick leaf disease spot numbers, adjust disease leaf classification, make CV≤15% of all kinds of sick leaf disease spot numbers, the lesion area of adding up all kinds of sick leaves accounts for the percentage of blade area.With this, divide the standard of disease level, and in field, carry out the state of an illness investigation checking of sword-leaved cymbidium anthracnose.
Experimental result: severity Scaling result, is divided into 0,1,3,5,7,9 six grade by swordleaf cymbidium leaf portion anthracnose.Wherein, 0 grade: without scab; 1 grade: 1～3, every leaf disease spot or lesion area are below 5.0%; 3 grades: 4～6, every leaf disease spot or lesion area 5.1%～10.0%; 5 grades: 7～10, every leaf disease spot or lesion area 10.1%～15.0%; 7 grades: 11～20, every leaf disease spot or lesion area 15.1%～25.0%; 9 grades: the above or lesion area of 20, every leaf disease spot accounts for full leaf area more than 25.1%.Through the different sword-leaved cymbidium field state of an illness investigation checking of occurring degree, this grade scale is suitable for the state of an illness investigation of swordleaf cymbidium leaf portion anthracnose.
Field efficacy experimental result shows: 11 kinds of chemical control sword-leaved cymbidium anthracnose field control effectiveness test results show: different medicaments exist significant difference (subordinate list) to the control efficiency of sword-leaved cymbidium anthracnose.In 11 kinds of reagent agents, use 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granule, 78% bohr mancozeb wettable powder, 80% Bordeaux's wetting powder, 430 g/L tebuconazole suspension concentrates, 250 g/L pyraclostrobin (Kai Run) missible oil, 53.8% Kocide SD (can kill 2000) water dispersible granules, 45% Prochloraz suspending agent and 75% mancozeb water dispersible granule better to the control efficiency of sword-leaved cymbidium anthracnose.Wherein, 10% 1500 times of difenoconazole water dispersible granules liquid control efficiency is best, and preventive effect is 81.25%.And the control efficiency of 1500 times of liquid of 250 g/L propiconazole emulsifiable concentrates is the poorest, preventive effect is 36.03%, in addition, in process of the test, do not find that 10 kinds of reagent agents have harmful effect to the sprouting of the growth of sword-leaved cymbidium and suction bud, in addition, aborning, also to take into full account drug cost, as far as possible rotation or alternatively administered.
The field control effect of the different bactericide of table 1 to sword-leaved cymbidium anthracnose
Note: difference extremely significantly (P<0.01) between different capitalizations in same column, significant difference between different lowercases (P<0.05)
Conclusion: apply 11 kinds of reagent agents the result of the test of preventing and treating of sword-leaved cymbidium anthracnose is shown, the good medicament of sword-leaved cymbidium anthracnose control efficiency is had to 8 kinds, be respectively: 110% difenoconazole water dispersible granule, 78% bohr mancozeb wettable powder, 80% Bordeaux's wetting powder, 430 g/L tebuconazole suspension concentrates, 250 g/L pyraclostrobin (Kai Run) missible oil, 53.8% Kocide SD (can kill 2000) water dispersible granules, 45% Prochloraz suspending agent and 75% mancozeb water dispersible granule control efficiency are all more than 60%, wherein 1500 times of liquid control efficiency of 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granule are best, preventive effect is 81.25%.And the control efficiency of 1500 times of liquid of 250 g/L propiconazole emulsifiable concentrates is the poorest, preventive effect is 36.03%.Use after reagent agent the growth of sword-leaved cymbidium and the sprouting of inhaling bud without inhibitory action significantly in field.In the medicament filtering out, 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granule, 430 g/L tebuconazole suspension concentrates and every mu of drug cost of 75% mancozeb water dispersible granule are lower, can be peasant and accept on producing.After the state of an illness is controlled, can suitably use 45% Prochloraz suspending agent, can delay the development of disease drug resistance.Aborning, also to take into full account drug cost, as far as possible rotation or alternatively administered; Meanwhile, also should make in time Accurate Diagnosis, grasp dispenser opportunity, further improve control efficiency.
2, the application of each stage prevention and control measure
(1) leaf bud sprouting period
1. strict implement plant quarantine system, processes the plant that carries disease germs in time.
2. strengthen the management of Orchid Garden, blue canopy, wipe out in time withered and yellow Lao Ye, sick leaf, wipe out 200 times of liquid of rear use 40% formaldehyde or other bactericide and spray complete stool, to prevent that germ from invading from clip; Management of weeds, clean nursery, sets up ventilating opening at door and window simultaneously, carries out the control of temp. and humidity in canopy, and relative moisture remains on 70-80% daytime, and evening, 80-90% noted supplementing sufficient illumination simultaneously, guaranteed the light application time of a day 4 hours.
3. note not making blue strain be hurt, especially want the damage by disease and insect such as attention control snail, spider, nematode, in order to avoid cause wound, increase the chance of infection process.
4. utilize detection kit to detect pathogen to cultivation matrix, plant, Real-Time Monitoring pathogen, processes plant in spite of illness simultaneously in time.
5. period of use, is carried out prognosis forecast apart from methods such as method, phenology method and analysiss by synthesis method.
6. during this period, note chesson, cultivation matrix etc.
7. strengthen rich water quality management, along with spring temperature gos up, sword-leaved cymbidium revives from dormancy, starts rudiment, at temperature, reaches 12 degree when above, now should execute rudiment fertilizer, and conventional 2% compound potassium sulfate fertilizer solution waters root; Meanwhile, impose appropriate nitrogenous fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer dilutes 8-10 doubly again after diluting in proportion; Accomplish to have watered fertilizer, monthly the auxiliary spray phosphorus in blade face potash fertilizer is 3-4 time at every turn, guarantees to receive in time after blue strain is revived fertilizer, for blue strain, grows and lays a solid foundation; It is diligent, light that fertilising is wanted.
8. their early stage, can spray 300 times of liquid of trichodermin wetting powder, can not be mixed with other bactericide, every spray in 5-7 days 1 time, prevent and treat three or four times continuously or spray 2000 times of every 7-10 of liquid of agricultural streptomycin wetting powder days spray medicines once, connect and spray (can not be mixed with other bactericide) 3-5 time.
By above Comprehensive Preventing control method, the disease during can making is controlled in 5%, the use of minimizing agricultural chemicals 1-2 time.
(2) sprouting young leaves vegetative period
1. strict implement plant quarantine system, processes the plant that carries disease germs in time.
2. enhance field management, wipe out in time withered and yellow Lao Ye, sick leaf, wipe out 200 times of liquid of rear use 40% formaldehyde or other bactericide and spray complete stool, to prevent that germ from invading from clip; Management of weeds, clean nursery, sets up ventilating opening at door and window simultaneously, carries out the control of temp. and humidity in canopy, and relative moisture remains on 70-80% daytime, and evening, 80-90% noted supplementing sufficient illumination simultaneously, guaranteed the light application time of a day 4 hours.
3. note not making blue strain be hurt, especially want the damage by disease and insect such as attention control snail, spider, nematode, in order to avoid cause wound, increase the chance of infection process.
4. utilize field investigation and detection kit to detect pathogen to cultivation matrix, plant, Real-Time Monitoring pathogen, processes plant in spite of illness simultaneously in time.
5. period of use, is carried out prognosis forecast apart from methods such as method, phenology method and analysiss by synthesis method.
6. during this period, note chesson, cultivation matrix etc.
7. give in right amount plant fertilising, for blue strain growth, lay a solid foundation, strengthen plant disease resistance.Need nitrogenous fertilizer many this period, with fertilizer, plants the roughly the same budding period, be to increase nitrogen ratio, can add 3% to 6% the night soil that becomes thoroughly decomposed to water root, and fertilization time can shorten to 10 days; Can select di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate oxygen potassium, multielement micro-fertilizer to carry out root imposes outward simultaneously.
8. when the incidence of disease reaches more than 5% below 10%, spray 500 times of 80% bordeaux mixture wetting powders or take steady (mixture preparation of Tebuconazole oxime bacterium ester) the 1500 times of liquid of enemy or 250 1500 times of liquid of g/L pyraclostrobin (Kai Run) missible oil or 53.8% Kocide SD (can kill 2000) 800 times of liquid of water dispersible granules, (7-10 days mutually time) are used in rotation.When the incidence of disease reaches more than 10%, spray 1500 times of liquid of 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granule or 1000 times of liquid of 450 g/L prochloraz aqueous emulsions or 63% mancozeb and 12% carbendazim be mixed wetting powder 500-800 times liquid or 78% bohr mancozeb wettable powder or 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granule, (7-10 days mutually time) are used in rotation.After the state of an illness is controlled, can suitably use 1500 times of liquid of 45% Prochloraz suspending agent, delay the development of disease drug resistance.
By above Comprehensive Preventing control method, the disease during can making is controlled in 5%, the use of minimizing agricultural chemicals 1-2 time.
(3) the exhibition florescence
1. strict implement plant quarantine system, processes the plant that carries disease germs in time.
2. enhance field management, wipe out in time withered and yellow Lao Ye, sick leaf, wipe out 200 times of liquid of rear use 40% formaldehyde or other bactericide and spray complete stool, to prevent that germ from invading from clip; Management of weeds, clean nursery, sets up ventilating opening at door and window simultaneously, carries out the control of temp. and humidity in canopy, and relative moisture remains on 70-80% daytime, and evening, 80-90% noted supplementing sufficient illumination simultaneously, guaranteed the light application time of a day 4 hours.
3. note not making blue strain be hurt, especially want the damage by disease and insect such as attention control snail, spider, nematode, in order to avoid cause wound, increase the chance of infection process.
4. utilize field investigation and detection kit to detect pathogen to cultivation matrix, plant, Real-Time Monitoring pathogen, processes plant in spite of illness simultaneously in time.
5. period of use, is carried out prognosis forecast apart from methods such as method, phenology method and analysiss by synthesis method.
6. during this period, note chesson, cultivation matrix etc.
7. need spray a small amount of phosphate fertilizer to impel father's grass to rocket early stage, for there being bud plant should stop to execute root manure, foliage fertilizer takes the circumstances into consideration to reduce by half, and without flower, Lan Zhuke fills with root phosphorus potash fertilizer once in proportion.Plant blossom post consumption a large number of nutrients, in order to ensure safe overwintering with do not affect the germination rate in spring, should execute 2 times " sit month fertile ", supply macroelement and trace element comprehensively.Conventional compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 2% solution waters root, 500 times of multielement micro-fertilizers or 600 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution spray leaves.
8. this phase is along with the reduction of temperature humidity, germ grows breeding and slows down, in order to eliminate the bacterium source of surviving the winter, should spray 300 times of liquid of trichodermin wetting powder (can not be mixed with other bactericide), every spray in 5-7 days 1 time, spray 2 times continuously or spray 2000 times of liquid of agricultural streptomycin wetting powder (can not be mixed with other bactericide), every 7-10 days spray medicines once, connect and spray 2 times.
By above Comprehensive Preventing control method, the disease during can making is controlled in 5%, the use of minimizing agricultural chemicals 1-2 time.
(4) dormancy convalescence
1. strict implement plant quarantine system, processes the plant that carries disease germs in time.
2. strengthen the management of Orchid Garden, blue canopy, wipe out in time withered and yellow Lao Ye, sick leaf, wipe out 200 times of liquid of rear use 40% formaldehyde or other bactericide and spray complete stool, to prevent that germ from invading from clip; Management of weeds, clean nursery, sets up ventilating opening at door and window simultaneously, carries out the control of temp. and humidity in canopy, and relative moisture remains on 70-80% daytime, and evening, 80-90% noted supplementing sufficient illumination simultaneously, guaranteed the light application time of a day 4 hours.
3. note not making blue strain be hurt, especially want the damage by disease and insect such as attention control snail, spider, nematode, in order to avoid cause wound, increase the chance of infection process.
4. utilize detection kit to detect pathogen to cultivation matrix, plant, Real-Time Monitoring pathogen, processes plant in spite of illness simultaneously in time.
5. period of use, is carried out prognosis forecast apart from methods such as method, phenology method and analysiss by synthesis method.
6. the plant of 2-3 carried out soil removal and replacement and changes basin, should, in conjunction with division propagation, sprouting being transplanted simultaneously.Before changing basin soil removal and replacement and budding transplanting, the disinfection of reply cultivation matrix, with 0.2% liquor potassic permanganate sprinkle.
7. strengthen rich water quality management, when early winter, can spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the micro-fertilizer of multielement of 600 times of liquid to 800 times liquid, foliage-spray when the dusk, weekly, continuous 2 times to 3 times, and should not when early spring, apply fertilizer; Pour water and determine according to weather condition, avoid broad irrigation, pouring water should be suitable.
8. when the field plant incidence of disease reaches 5%, spray 300 times of liquid of trichodermin wetting powder, can not be mixed with other bactericide, every spray in 5-7 days 1 time, prevent and treat three or four times continuously or spray 2000 times of every 7-10 of liquid of agricultural streptomycin wetting powder days spray medicines once, connect and spray (can not be mixed with other bactericide) 3-5 time.
By above Comprehensive Preventing control method, can make plant bacterial bearing rate and soil or cultivation matrix bacterial bearing rate be controlled in 5%, greatly reduced primary source of infection.
3, integrated application
From 2010 so far, potted plant sword-leaved cymbidium planting base at Zhangzhou, Fujian adopts method of the present invention, sword-leaved cymbidium anthracnose to 5 vegetative stages of potted plant sword-leaved cymbidium is carried out comprehensive prevention and control, improved the ecotope of potted plant sword-leaved cymbidium planting base, poisoning and residue of pesticide have been reduced, form the benign cycle of the ecological prevention and control of sword-leaved cymbidium, there are good ecological benefits; The potted plant sword-leaved cymbidium anthracnose incidence of disease is controlled in 10%, saving of work and time, the use of minimizing agricultural chemicals 2-3 time, the mu new profit more than 3000 yuan, has good economic benefit; Simultaneously, fan out from point to area, promoted prevention and control consciousness and the level of flower-grower to potted plant sword-leaved cymbidium anthracnose and other fungal disease, make potted plant sword-leaved cymbidium meet to a greater degree export quarantine requirement, improve product quality and export volume, promoting enterprise and flower-grower's increasing both production and income, further promote health and the sustainable development of this industry, has good social benefit.
From 2010 so far, potted plant sword-leaved cymbidium planting base in Liancheng, Fujian adopts method of the present invention, sword-leaved cymbidium anthracnose to 5 vegetative stages of potted plant sword-leaved cymbidium is carried out comprehensive prevention and control, improved the ecotope of potted plant sword-leaved cymbidium planting base, poisoning and residue of pesticide have been reduced, form the benign cycle of the ecological prevention and control of sword-leaved cymbidium, there are good ecological benefits; The potted plant sword-leaved cymbidium anthracnose incidence of disease is controlled in 10%, saving of work and time, the use of minimizing agricultural chemicals 2-3 time, the mu new profit more than 3000 yuan, has good economic benefit; Simultaneously, fan out from point to area, promoted prevention and control consciousness and the level of flower-grower to potted plant sword-leaved cymbidium anthracnose and other fungal disease, make potted plant sword-leaved cymbidium meet to a greater degree export quarantine requirement, improve product quality and export volume, promoting enterprise and flower-grower's increasing both production and income, further promote health and the sustainable development of this industry, has good social benefit.
From 2010 so far, potted plant sword-leaved cymbidium planting base in Foochow, Fujian adopts method of the present invention, sword-leaved cymbidium anthracnose to 5 vegetative stages of potted plant sword-leaved cymbidium is carried out comprehensive prevention and control, improved the ecotope of potted plant sword-leaved cymbidium planting base, poisoning and residue of pesticide have been reduced, form the benign cycle of the ecological prevention and control of sword-leaved cymbidium, there are good ecological benefits; The potted plant sword-leaved cymbidium anthracnose incidence of disease is controlled in 10%, saving of work and time, the use of minimizing agricultural chemicals 2-3 time, the mu new profit more than 2700 yuan, has good economic benefit; Simultaneously, fan out from point to area, promoted prevention and control consciousness and the level of flower-grower to potted plant sword-leaved cymbidium anthracnose and other fungal disease, make potted plant sword-leaved cymbidium meet to a greater degree export quarantine requirement, improve product quality and export volume, promoting enterprise and flower-grower's increasing both production and income, further promote health and the sustainable development of this industry, has good social benefit.
Claims (1)
1. the Comprehensive Preventing control method of a potted plant sword-leaved cymbidium anthracnose, it is characterized in that: for potted plant sword-leaved cymbidium leaf bud sprouting period, sprouting young leaves vegetative period, exhibition florescence, dormancy convalescence 4 vegetative stages, build the Comprehensive Preventing control method that is applicable to each vegetative period, in Fujian, be divided into the leaf bud sprouting period 3-4 month vegetative period in sword-leaved cymbidium year, sprouting young leaves 4-5 in the vegetative period the middle ten days and the last ten days month, exhibition late May-October at florescence, dormancy March in November convalescence-coming year, concrete preventing control method comprises:
(1) leaf bud sprouting period
In conjunction with cultural control, state of illness monitoring, biological control and chemical control, build prevention and control system;
Wherein cultural control: enhance field management, strictly control temp. and humidity and illumination, temperature is controlled 18-20 ℃, and relative moisture is controlled 70-80%, according to the illumination of weather condition artificial supplementation, makes plant accept illumination in 4 hours every day, makes plant obtain sufficient illumination; Strengthen rich water quality management simultaneously;
State of illness monitoring: the field investigation incidence of disease binding molecule biological means carry out the detection of pathogen to cultivating soil, irrigation water, orchid blade, if pathogen detected, germ plant is carried in isolation immediately, simultaneously, when the field plant incidence of disease reaches 1%, be equipped with biological control, reach and more than 5% be equipped with chemical control;
(2) sprouting young leaves vegetative period
In conjunction with cultural control, biological control and chemical control, build prevention and control system;
Wherein cultural control: enhance field management, the strict temperature and humidity of controlling, along with the rising of temperature and the arriving in rainy season, sprouting young leaves is that germ starts the most in good time phase of sprouting vegetative period, when temperature reaches 22-28 ℃, relative moisture more than 90%, is conducive to spore germination, should be specifically noted that the control of temperature and humidity; Supplement enough light application times simultaneously; Strengthen blue canopy management, popular to prevent that germ from growing;
Biological control: at disease initial stage of origination, with 3% Zhongshengmycin wetting powder, spray concentration is 800-1200 times of liquid, every spray in 7-10 days 1 time, connects and sprays 2-3 time;
Chemical control: when the state of an illness is lighter, alternately spray following medicament, every 7-10 days once: 80% 500 times of bordeaux mixture wetting powders, take the steady 1500 times of liquid of enemy, 1500 times of liquid of 250 g/L pyraclostrobin missible oil, 800 times of liquid of 53.8% Kocide SD water dispersible granules; When Field diseases reaches more than 5%, alternately spray following medicament, every 7-10 days once: 10% 1500 times of difenoconazole water dispersible granules liquid, 1000 times of liquid of 450 g/L prochloraz aqueous emulsion, 63% mancozeb and 12% carbendazim be mixed wetting powder 500-800 times liquid, 78% bohr mancozeb wettable powder, 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granule, after the state of an illness is controlled, use 1500 times of liquid of 45% Prochloraz suspending agent, delay the development of disease drug resistance;
(3) the exhibition florescence
In conjunction with cultural control, biological control and Agro-chemicals control, build prevention and control system;
Wherein biological control: before fertilising, spray 300 times of liquid of trichodermin wetting powder, sprayed medicine 1 time every 5-7 days, connect and spray 2 times, or spray 2000 times of liquid of agricultural streptomycin wetting powder, every 7-10 days spray medicines once, connect and spray 2 times, reach the effect that prevention pathogen grows;
Chemical control: when Field diseases reaches more than 5%, alternately spray following medicament, every 7-10 days once: 25% 1500 times of Shi Baoke missible oil liquid, 63% mancozeb and 12% carbendazim be mixed wetting powder 500-800 times liquid, 78% bohr mancozeb wettable powder, 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granule, after the state of an illness is controlled, use 1500 times of liquid of 45% Prochloraz suspending agent, delay the development of disease drug resistance;
(4) dormancy convalescence
In conjunction with cultural control, state of illness monitoring and biological control, build prevention and control system;
Wherein cultural control: 1. enhance field management: note protection against cold and freezing conditions, remove in time growing area weeds, diseased plant, keep blue canopy to clean, ventilate; 2. rich water quality management: in order to improve the anti-adversity ability of plant, when early winter, use potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the micro-fertilizer of multielement of 600 times of liquid to 800 times liquid, foliage-spray when the dusk, weekly, continuous 2 times to 3 times, and can not when early spring, apply fertilizer; 3. plant and cultivation matrix: sword-leaved cymbidium is planted through 2-3, need soil removal and replacement or change basin, simultaneously should be in conjunction with division propagation; No matter turn over and plant or newly plant, all should be selected in dormancy and carry out during convalescence; Before minute pot transplanting, tackle cultivation matrix disinfection, eliminate the pathogen that survives the winter; 3. wipe out in time withered and yellow Lao Ye, sick leaf, with lime, give Lan Peng, Lan Yuan sterilization; 4. the disease-resistant or disease tolerant variety of seed selection; 5. regulate temperature: build Tu Lanpeng, boudoir, or on other plantation of Orchid Garden week arbor, shrub, liane and lawn;
Biological control: spray 300 times of liquid of trichodermin wetting powder, sprayed medicine 1 time every 5-7 days, connect and spray 2 times, or spray 2000 times of liquid of agricultural streptomycin wetting powder, every 7-10 days spray medicines once, connect and spray 2 times, reach the effect that prevention pathogen grows.
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