CN114097510A - Comprehensive prevention and control method for downy mildew of litchi - Google Patents
Comprehensive prevention and control method for downy mildew of litchi Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a comprehensive prevention and control method for peronophythora litchi, which is used for carrying out integrated assembly on 4 prevention and control measures of early disease monitoring, agricultural prevention and control, chemical prevention and control and biological prevention and control on peronophythora litchi at 4 important growth stages of the spring shoot stage, the bud stage, the young fruit stage and the late fruit development stage of the litchi and constructing comprehensive prevention and control measures for peronophythora litchi suitable for each growth stage. According to the invention, the modern molecular biology technology PCR is utilized for monitoring and then guiding prevention and control, so that the occurrence of the peronophythora litchi is more effectively prevented and controlled, the prevention and control effect is more obvious, the comprehensive prevention effect on the peronophythora litchi is more than 90%, and the yield and the quality of the litchi are improved. The method comprehensively adopts the measures of disease monitoring, agricultural control, chemical control, biological control and the like, effectively controls the peronophythora litchi, obviously reduces the use times and the use amount of the pesticide, and has great significance for the development of the litchi industry and the environmental protection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of crop disease control, and relates to a comprehensive control method for downy mildew of litchi.
Background
Peronophythora litchii (Peronophythora litchii) caused Peronophythora litchi downy mildew is one of the most important diseases of litchi, and the yield, the quality, the storage and the transportation of fresh fruits and the export sales of the litchi are seriously influenced. The disease is reported for the first time in Taiwan of China in 1978, downy mildew of litchi occurs in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Taiwan and the like at present, not only is nearly mature fruit seriously damaged, but also tender tips, leaves, flower ears, fruiting branches, fruit stalks and young fruits are damaged, a large amount of fruit drop and rotten fruits are caused, the yield loss is up to more than 80%, and even the fruit drop is no longer achieved, so that huge economic loss is caused. The prevalence frequency and prevalence degree of the litchi chinensis Sonn gradually increase in recent years, and the litchi chinensis Sonn becomes an important obstacle in litchi chinensis production.
At present, different litchi varieties have different resistance differences to peronophythora litchi, for example, the resistance of the black leaves, red glutinous rice and other varieties to peronophythora litchi is higher than that of the osmanthus flavor, Feizixiao and other varieties, but no report that any litchi variety has high resistance to peronophythora litchi or that litchi has no vertical resistance is found at present. Therefore, agricultural control measures and chemical control measures aiming at the litchi frost blight are main measures for preventing the litchi frost blight. The agricultural measures mainly comprise strengthening orchard cultivation technical management and improving orchard ecological environment. The chemical prevention and control measures are mainly used for monitoring and controlling the epidemic situation of the litchi at spring tip, bud stage, young fruit stage and late fruit development stage, especially the near-mature stage of the fruits. At present, aiming at the difficulty in prevention and control of the peronophythora litchi, a safe and effective comprehensive prevention and control method suitable for the peronophythora litchi is prepared according to the monitoring of the disease occurrence condition by the modern molecular biology technology, and has important significance for effectively solving the litchi production obstacle and promoting the sustainable development.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a comprehensive prevention and control method for litchi downy mildew, which can effectively prevent and control the occurrence and harm of the litchi downy mildew, obviously reduce the use times and the use amount of pesticides, and has great significance for the development of litchi industry and environmental protection.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a comprehensive prevention and control method for peronophythora litchi is characterized in that 4 prevention and control measures including early disease monitoring, agricultural prevention and control, chemical prevention and control and biological prevention and control are integrated and assembled for peronophythora litchi at 4 important growth stages of the spring shoot stage, the bud stage, the young fruit stage and the later fruit development stage of the litchi, and the comprehensive prevention and control measure for peronophythora litchi at each growth stage is constructed and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) spring shoot stage of lichee
Early disease monitoring: in the spring tip stage of litchi, monitoring early-stage damage of phytophthora litchi without obvious symptoms by using a modern molecular biology PCR (polymerase chain reaction) technology, and if positive results appear in disease monitoring, timely taking measures to prevent and control;
agricultural control: pruning diseased branches and pruning excessively dense branches to ensure ventilation and light transmission; keeping soil loose and breathable, and clearing the ditch in rainy season to facilitate drainage and dehumidification; the scientific application of fertilizer is achieved, and organic fertilizer application is mainly used;
chemical control: spraying 1 time in the spring tip stage of litchi according to the disease monitoring condition, and if the litchi is continuously rainy, spraying in fine;
biological control: according to the disease monitoring condition, a biocontrol agent or a botanical pesticide is applied to prevent and control the litchi downy mildew;
(2) bud stage of lichee
Early disease monitoring: in the bud stage of litchi, monitoring early-stage damage of litchi phytophthora blight which does not have obvious symptoms by using a modern molecular biology PCR technology, and if positive results appear in disease monitoring, timely taking measures to prevent and control;
agricultural control: pruning diseased branches and pruning dense branches; keeping soil loose and breathable, and clearing the ditch in rainy season to facilitate drainage and dehumidification; the scientific application of fertilizer is achieved, and organic fertilizer application is mainly used; reasonably thinning flowers and fruits;
chemical control: spraying the pesticide for 1 time in the bud period of the litchi according to the disease monitoring condition, and if the litchi is continuously rainy, spraying the pesticide in a sunny day;
biological control: according to the disease monitoring condition, a biocontrol agent or a botanical pesticide is applied to prevent and control the litchi downy mildew;
(3) young fruit stage of litchi
Early disease monitoring: in the young fruit stage of litchi, the early-stage damage of the phytophthora litchi without obvious symptoms is monitored by using the modern molecular biology PCR technology, and measures are taken in time to prevent and control if positive results appear in disease monitoring;
agricultural control: reasonably thinning fruits; pruning diseased branches and pruning dense branches; the scientific application of fertilizer is achieved, and organic fertilizer application is mainly used; after picking, cleaning the orchard well, and intensively and deeply burying diseased fruits, rotten fruits, fallen leaves and the like in the orchard to reduce initial infection sources;
chemical control: the method is a main means for controlling the downy mildew of litchi, and according to the disease monitoring condition, spraying for 1 time every 15 days from the young fruit period to the harvest after fruit setting, and if the rain and the shade continue, spraying in fine;
biological control: according to the disease monitoring condition, a biocontrol agent or a botanical pesticide is applied to prevent and control the litchi downy mildew;
(4) late stage of litchi fruit development
Early disease monitoring: in the later development stage of fruits, the early-stage occurrence hazard of the litchi phytophthora blight which does not have obvious symptoms is continuously monitored by using the modern molecular biology PCR technology, and measures are taken in time to carry out prevention and control if positive results appear in disease monitoring;
agricultural control: picking fruits in time after the fruits are ripe, cleaning the garden after picking, pruning branches and inhibiting winter shoots; diseased fruits, rotten fruits, fallen leaves and the like in the orchard are deeply buried in a centralized mode, and initial infection sources are reduced;
chemical control: spraying the pesticide for 1 time in a safe interval period according to the disease monitoring condition, and if the disease is continuously rainy, spraying the pesticide in a sunny day;
biological control: according to the disease monitoring condition, a biocontrol agent or a botanical pesticide is applied to prevent and control the litchi downy mildew.
In the invention, the primer sequences for PCR rapid molecular detection of peronophythora litchi at the spring shoot stage, the bud stage, the young fruit stage and the later fruit development stage of litchi are as follows: PvYF 1: 5'-GTCCGAGTTTCTAGCAGATTG-3', PvYR 1: 5'-ACGATAATACCGTGAGCGCC-3', respectively; 25 mul of peronophythora litchi specific PCR rapid detection reaction system comprising 2 XTaq PCR MasterMix12.5. mu.L, 10. mu. mol/L of primers (PvYF1/PvYR1) 0.5. mu.L each, 25ng of DNA template, the remainder consisting of dd H2O is complemented; the PCR reaction conditions are as follows: pre-denaturation at 95 ℃ for 3 min; denaturation at 94 ℃ for 1min, annealing at 59 ℃ for 30sec, and extension at 72 ℃ for 1min for 32 cycles; extension at 72 ℃ for 10 min.
In the invention, the chemical agents for preventing and treating the litchi frost blight at spring tip stage, bud stage and young fruit stage of litchi are one or more of 500-800 times of 50% dimethomorph wettable powder, 500-800 times of 25% metalaxyl-M wettable powder, 500-800 times of 60% flumorph wettable powder, 500-800 times of 58% aurantiolol wettable powder, 500-800 times of 68.75% flurobacterium propamocarb suspending agent, 500-800 times of 70% mancozeb wettable powder, 600-800 times of 68% metalaxyl-mancozeb wettable powder and the like, so that in order to avoid the generation of drug resistance of the litchi frost phytophthora, the use of a single agent for a long time in a field is avoided, the use is alternated, and the application is scientific.
In the invention, the chemical agents for preventing and treating the peronophythora litchi are one or more of 50% dimethomorph wettable powder 500-800 times liquid, 25% metalaxyl-M wettable powder 500-800 times liquid, 60% flumorph wettable powder 500-800 times liquid, 58% aurantidomil wettable powder 500-800 times liquid, 68.75% fluorine bacterium and propamocarb suspending agent 500-800 times liquid, 68% methyl bacterium and manganese zinc wettable powder 600-800 times liquid, 70% mancozeb wettable powder 500-800 times liquid, 10% benzene kresoxim-methyl suspending agent 500-800 times liquid, 66.5% propamocarb aqueous solution 500-800 times liquid, 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 500-800 times liquid and the like at the later fruit development stage, so as to avoid the generation of the drug resistance of the peronophythora litchi, avoid the long-term use of a single agent in the field, realize the scientific use and realize the drug use.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the method is characterized in that 4 control measures such as early disease monitoring, agricultural control, chemical control and biological control are carried out on the peronophythora litchi at 4 important growth stages such as the spring shoot stage, the bud stage, the young fruit stage and the late fruit development stage of the litchi, the steps are integrated and assembled, the comprehensive control measures suitable for the peronophythora litchi at each growth stage are constructed, and the control method is specific in technology and strong in operability.
2. According to the method, the prevention and control are guided after the monitoring is carried out by utilizing the modern molecular biology technology PCR, so that the occurrence of the peronophythora litchi is more effectively prevented, the prevention and control effect is more obvious, and the yield and the quality of the litchi are improved.
3. The method comprehensively adopts the measures of disease monitoring, agricultural control, chemical control, biological control and the like, effectively controls the peronophythora litchi, obviously reduces the use times and the use amount of the pesticide, and has great significance for the development of the litchi industry and the environmental protection.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the early stage monitoring result of PCR of modern molecular biology technique of Peronophythora litchi, wherein M is 2000bp DNA molecular weight marker, and Lane 1: negative-positive control, lanes 2-5: early stage monitoring of the plant tissue onset latency, 6-11: monitor healthy plant tissue, 8 is a sexual control.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are further described below with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and any modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a comprehensive control method for peronophythora litchi, which is used for performing integrated assembly on 4 control measures including early disease monitoring, agricultural control, chemical control and biological control on peronophythora litchi at 4 important growth stages of the spring shoot stage, the bud stage, the young fruit stage and the later fruit development stage of the litchi, and constructing comprehensive control measures for peronophythora litchi suitable for each growth stage, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) in the spring shoot stage of litchi: monitoring early occurrence of phytophthora litchi with no obvious symptoms by using a PCR (polymerase chain reaction) technology; pruning dense branches to ensure ventilation and light transmission; keeping soil loose and breathable, and clearing the ditch in rainy season to facilitate drainage and dehumidification; the fertilizer is used scientifically, and organic fertilizer is mainly applied; according to the disease monitoring condition, one or two of 500-800 times of 25% metalaxyl-M wettable powder and 500-800 times of 60% flumorph wettable powder is sprayed for 1 time in the spring tip stage of litchi.
(2) And (3) in the bud stage of litchi: monitoring early occurrence of phytophthora litchi with no obvious symptoms by using a PCR (polymerase chain reaction) technology; pruning diseased branches and pruning dense branches; the fertilizer is used scientifically, and organic fertilizer is mainly applied; reasonably thinning flowers and fruits; and (3) applying one or two of 58% Jinleduomiel wettable powder 500-800 times of liquid and 68.75% fluorophlogopip-propamocarb suspending agent 500-800 times of liquid for 1 time in the bud period of litchi, and if the litchi is continuously rainy, applying the litchi to the litchi in a sunny way.
(3) The young fruit stage of the litchi: monitoring early occurrence of phytophthora litchi with no obvious symptoms by using a PCR technology, reasonably thinning fruits, cutting diseased branches, intensively and deeply burying diseased fruits, rotten fruits, fallen leaves and the like in an orchard to reduce an initial infection source; according to the disease monitoring condition, after fruit setting, from the young fruit stage to harvesting, selecting one or two of 500-800 times of 58% Jinleduomie wettable powder and 600-800 times of 68% methyl frost-manganese zinc wettable powder, spraying for 1 time every 15 days, and if continuous rainy days exist, performing fine spraying; biocontrol agent or botanical pesticide is applied to prevent and control the litchi downy mildew.
(4) In the later development stage of litchi fruits: continuously carrying out PCR monitoring on early occurrence and harm of the litchi phytophthora blight which does not have obvious symptoms, and if positive results appear in disease monitoring, timely taking measures to carry out prevention and control; diseased fruits, rotten fruits, fallen leaves and the like in the orchard are deeply buried in a centralized mode, and initial infection sources are reduced; spraying for 1 time in a safe interval period, selecting one or more of 500-800 times of 25% metalaxyl-M wettable powder, 500-800 times of 60% flumorph wettable powder, 500-800 times of 10% kresoxim-methyl suspending agent, 500-800 times of 66.5% propamocarb aqueous solution, 500-800 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder and the like, and if the spraying is continuously rainy, then carrying out quick-clean pesticide application.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a comprehensive control method for peronophythora litchi, which is used for performing integrated assembly on 4 control measures including early disease monitoring, agricultural control, chemical control and biological control on peronophythora litchi at 4 important growth stages of the spring shoot stage, the bud stage, the young fruit stage and the later fruit development stage of the litchi, and constructing comprehensive control measures for peronophythora litchi suitable for each growth stage, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) in the spring shoot stage of litchi: carrying out early-stage PCR monitoring on diseases, cutting out diseased branches, cleaning ditches in rainy seasons, and applying organic fertilizer; according to the disease monitoring condition, spraying 500-800 times of 70% mancozeb wettable powder for 1 time in the spring shoot stage of litchi.
(2) And (3) in the bud stage of litchi: carrying out early disease PCR monitoring, pruning diseased branches, pruning dense branches, and clearing ditches in rainy seasons; organic fertilizer is applied, and flower and fruit thinning is reasonably carried out; according to the disease monitoring condition, 68% methyloxanil-manganese-zinc wettable powder is applied for 1 time by using 500-800 times of liquid.
(3) The young fruit stage of the litchi: carrying out PCR monitoring on the early stage of diseases, and reasonably thinning fruits; pruning diseased branches, well cleaning the orchard, and intensively and deeply burying diseased fruits, rotten fruits and the like in the orchard to reduce initial infection sources; according to the disease monitoring condition, selecting one or more of 500-800 times of metalaxyl-M wettable powder, 500-800 times of 68.75% of fluorine bacterium and propamocarb suspending agent and 500-800 times of 58% of aurantidomide wettable powder from the young fruit stage to harvest after fruit setting, spraying for 1-2 times at intervals of 10-15 days; biocontrol agent or botanical pesticide is applied to prevent and control the litchi downy mildew.
(4) In the later development stage of litchi fruits: carrying out early PCR monitoring on diseases, and intensively and deeply burying diseased fruits, rotten fruits and the like in an orchard to reduce initial infection sources; according to the disease monitoring condition, one or more of 500-800 times of liquid of 50% dimethomorph wettable powder, 600-800 times of 68% methyloxanil-mancozeb wettable powder, 500-800 times of liquid of 70% mancozeb wettable powder, 500-800 times of liquid of 10% kresoxim-methyl suspending agent, 500-800 times of liquid of 66.5% propamocarb aqueous solution and 500-800 times of liquid of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder is/are selected for spraying for 1 time in a safe interval period.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a comprehensive control method for peronophythora litchi, which is used for performing integrated assembly on 4 control measures including early disease monitoring, agricultural control, chemical control and biological control on peronophythora litchi at 4 important growth stages of the spring shoot stage, the bud stage, the young fruit stage and the later fruit development stage of the litchi, and constructing comprehensive control measures for peronophythora litchi suitable for each growth stage, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) in the spring shoot stage of litchi: carrying out PCR monitoring at the early stage of diseases, and clearing ditches in rainy seasons to facilitate drainage and dehumidification; applying organic fertilizer; according to the monitoring condition, 500-800 times of chemical control 70% mancozeb wettable powder is sprayed for 1 time in the spring shoot stage of litchi.
(2) And (3) in the bud stage of litchi: carrying out PCR monitoring at the early stage of diseases, cutting out diseased branches and cutting off dense branches; clearing the ditch in rainy season to facilitate drainage and dehumidification; according to the disease monitoring condition, 1 time of spraying is carried out in the bud period of litchi, one or more of 60% flumorph wettable powder 500-800 times liquid, 58% gold Radomiel wettable powder 500-800 times liquid, 68% methyl cream-manganese zinc wettable powder 600-800 times liquid and the like are selected as chemical agents, so that long-term use of a single agent in a field is avoided, alternate use is achieved, and the use is scientific.
(3) The young fruit stage of the litchi: performing early-stage PCR monitoring on diseases, and if positive results appear in disease monitoring, timely taking measures to prevent and control; diseased fruits, rotten fruits, fallen leaves and the like in the orchard are deeply buried in a centralized mode, and initial infection sources are reduced; according to the disease monitoring condition, from the young fruit stage to the harvest after fruit setting, one or two of 500-800 times of 60% flumorph wettable powder, 500-800 times of 68.75% fluorine bacterium and propamocarb suspending agent are selected for prevention and treatment for 1-2 times, and if continuous rainy days exist, the pesticide is applied in a sunny day. Biocontrol agent or botanical pesticide is applied to prevent and control the litchi downy mildew.
(4) In the later development stage of litchi fruits: carrying out early-stage PCR monitoring on diseases, and intensively and deeply burying diseased fruits, rotten fruits, fallen leaves and the like in an orchard to reduce initial infection sources; according to the disease monitoring condition, one or more of 25% metalaxyl-M wettable powder 500-800 times liquid, 60% flumorph wettable powder 500-800 times liquid, 58% Jinledomile wettable powder 500-800 times liquid, 70% mancozeb wettable powder 500-800 times liquid, 10% kresoxim-methyl suspending agent 500-800 times liquid, 66.5% propamocarb aqueous solution 500-800 times liquid, 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 500-800 times liquid and the like are selected for spraying for 1 time in a safe interval period, and if continuous rainy days, then the first-time clear application is needed. In order to avoid the generation of drug resistance of the peronophythora litchi, the single agent is prevented from being used in the field for a long time, and the use of the single agent by turns and the scientific application of the single agent are realized.
In the invention, the primer sequences for PCR rapid molecular detection of peronophythora litchi at the spring shoot stage, the bud stage, the young fruit stage and the later fruit development stage of litchi are as follows: PvYF 1: 5'-GTCCGAGTTTCTAGCAGATTG-3', PvYR 1: 5'-ACGATAATACCGTGAGCGCC-3', respectively; the specific PCR rapid detection reaction system for phytophthora litchi is 25 mul, and comprises 0.5 mul of 2 xTaq PCR Master mix12.5 mul and 10 mul mol/L primers (PvYF1/PvYR1) and 25ng of DNA template, wherein the deficient part is dd H2O is complemented; the PCR reaction conditions are as follows: pre-denaturation at 95 ℃ for 3 min; denaturation at 94 ℃ for 1min, annealing at 59 ℃ for 30sec, and extension at 72 ℃ for 1min for 32 cycles; extension at 72 ℃ for 10 min.
Example 4
Chemical control field agent test:
in the chemical control, different application multiples can be selected according to specific conditions, and when the application multiples are shown in table 1, after different agents are applied to 4 growth stages in the spring shoot stage, the bud stage, the young fruit stage and the late fruit development stage of litchi, the final test result for controlling peronophythora litchi is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 results of field drug effect tests for controlling peronophythora litchi with different drugs
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A comprehensive prevention and control method for peronophythora litchi is characterized in that the method carries out integrated assembly on 4 prevention and control measures including early disease monitoring, agricultural prevention and control, chemical prevention and control and biological prevention and control on peronophythora litchi at 4 important growth stages of the spring shoot stage, the bud stage, the young fruit stage and the later fruit development stage of the litchi, and constructs comprehensive prevention and control measures suitable for peronophythora litchi at each growth stage, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) spring shoot stage of lichee
Early disease monitoring: in the spring tip stage of litchi, monitoring early-stage damage of phytophthora litchi without obvious symptoms by using a modern molecular biology PCR (polymerase chain reaction) technology, and if positive results appear in disease monitoring, timely taking measures to prevent and control;
agricultural control: pruning diseased branches and pruning excessively dense branches to ensure ventilation and light transmission; keeping soil loose and breathable, and clearing the ditch in rainy season to facilitate drainage and dehumidification; the fertilizer is scientifically used;
chemical control: spraying 1 time in the spring tip stage of litchi according to the disease monitoring condition, and if the litchi is continuously rainy, spraying in fine;
biological control: according to the disease monitoring condition, a biocontrol agent or a botanical pesticide is applied to prevent and control the litchi downy mildew;
(2) bud stage of lichee
Early disease monitoring: in the bud stage of litchi, monitoring early-stage damage of litchi phytophthora blight which does not have obvious symptoms by using a modern molecular biology PCR technology, and if positive results appear in disease monitoring, timely taking measures to prevent and control;
agricultural control: pruning diseased branches and pruning dense branches; keeping soil loose and breathable, and clearing the ditch in rainy season to facilitate drainage and dehumidification; the fertilizer is scientifically used; reasonably thinning flowers and fruits;
chemical control: spraying the pesticide for 1 time in the bud period of the litchi according to the disease monitoring condition, and if the litchi is continuously rainy, spraying the pesticide in a sunny day;
biological control: according to the disease monitoring condition, a biocontrol agent or a botanical pesticide is applied to prevent and control the litchi downy mildew;
(3) young fruit stage of litchi
Early disease monitoring: in the young fruit stage of litchi, the early-stage damage of the phytophthora litchi without obvious symptoms is monitored by using the modern molecular biology PCR technology, and measures are taken in time to prevent and control if positive results appear in disease monitoring;
agricultural control: reasonably thinning fruits; pruning diseased branches and pruning dense branches; the fertilizer is scientifically used; after picking, cleaning the orchard well, and intensively and deeply burying diseased fruits, rotten fruits and fallen leaves in the orchard to reduce initial infection sources;
chemical control: the method is a main means for controlling the downy mildew of litchi, and according to the disease monitoring condition, spraying for 1 time every 15 days from the young fruit period to the harvest after fruit setting, and if the rain and the shade continue, spraying in fine;
biological control: according to the disease monitoring condition, a biocontrol agent or a botanical pesticide is applied to prevent and control the litchi downy mildew;
(4) late stage of litchi fruit development
Early disease monitoring: in the later development stage of fruits, the early-stage occurrence hazard of the litchi phytophthora blight which does not have obvious symptoms is continuously monitored by using the modern molecular biology PCR technology, and measures are taken in time to carry out prevention and control if positive results appear in disease monitoring;
agricultural control: picking fruits in time after the fruits are ripe, cleaning the garden after picking, pruning branches and inhibiting winter shoots; diseased fruits, rotten fruits and fallen leaves in the orchard are deeply buried in a centralized mode, and initial infection sources are reduced;
chemical control: spraying the pesticide for 1 time in a safe interval period according to the disease monitoring condition, and if the disease is continuously rainy, spraying the pesticide in a sunny day;
biological control: according to the disease monitoring condition, a biocontrol agent or a botanical pesticide is applied to prevent and control the litchi downy mildew;
25 mul of PCR rapid detection reaction system during early disease monitoring at spring shoot stage, bud stage, young fruit stage and fruit development later stage of litchi comprises 0.5 mul of PvYF1/PvYR1 primers of 2 xTaq PCR Master Mix12.5 mul and 10 mul mol/L, 25ng of DNA template, and the deficient part is dd H2O is complemented; the PCR reaction conditions are as follows: pre-denaturation at 95 ℃ for 3 min; denaturation is carried out for 1min at the temperature of 94 ℃,annealing at 59 deg.C for 30sec, and extending at 72 deg.C for 1min for 32 cycles; extension at 72 ℃ for 10 min.
2. The comprehensive prevention and control method for downy mildew of litchi as claimed in claim 1, wherein the primer sequence of PvYF1 is as follows: 5'-GTCCGAGTTTCTAGCAGATTG-3', PvYR1 the primer sequence is: 5'-ACGATAATACCGTGAGCGCC-3' are provided.
3. The comprehensive prevention and control method for downy mildew of litchi according to claim 1, wherein organic fertilizers are mainly applied in the later fruit development period of the spring shoot stage, the bud stage and the young fruit stage of litchi.
4. The comprehensive prevention and control method for downy mildew of litchi according to claim 1, wherein the chemical agents for preventing and controlling the downy blight of litchi at the spring shoot stage, the bud stage and the young fruit stage are one or more of 500-800 times of 50% dimethomorph wettable powder, 500-800 times of 25% metalaxyl-M wettable powder, 500-800 times of 60% flumorph wettable powder, 500-800 times of 58% aurantidomil wettable powder, 500-800 times of 68.75% fluromyces-downy mildew suspending agent and 500-800 times of 70% mancozeb wettable powder.
5. The comprehensive prevention and control method for downy mildew of litchi according to claim 1, wherein the chemical agents for preventing and controlling the downy mildew of litchi at the later fruit development stage are one or more of 500-800 times of 50% dimethomorph wettable powder, 500-800 times of 25% metalaxyl-M wettable powder, 500-800 times of 60% flumorph wettable powder, 500-800 times of 58% aurantioamer wettable powder, 500-800 times of 68.75% flurobacterium-propamocarb suspension, 600-800 times of 68% metalaxyl-Mn-Zn wettable powder, 500-800 times of 70% mancozeb wettable powder, 500-800 times of 10% kresoxim-methyl suspension, 500-800 times of 66.5% propamocarb suspension and 500-800 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder.
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