CN115024140A - Method for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests of litchis - Google Patents
Method for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests of litchis Download PDFInfo
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- CN115024140A CN115024140A CN202210885614.7A CN202210885614A CN115024140A CN 115024140 A CN115024140 A CN 115024140A CN 202210885614 A CN202210885614 A CN 202210885614A CN 115024140 A CN115024140 A CN 115024140A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
- A01M1/02—Stationary means for catching or killing insects with devices or substances, e.g. food, pheronones attracting the insects
- A01M1/04—Attracting insects by using illumination or colours
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
- A01M1/14—Catching by adhesive surfaces
- A01M1/145—Attracting and catching insects using combined illumination or colours and adhesive surfaces
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
- A01M1/22—Killing insects by electric means
- A01M1/226—Killing insects by electric means by using waves, fields or rays, e.g. sound waves, microwaves, electric waves, magnetic fields, light rays
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/44—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids
- A01N37/46—N-acyl derivatives
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/50—1,3-Diazoles; Hydrogenated 1,3-diazoles
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
- A01N47/12—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing a —O—CO—N< group, or a thio analogue thereof, neither directly attached to a ring nor the nitrogen atom being a member of a heterocyclic ring
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- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
- A01N47/12—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing a —O—CO—N< group, or a thio analogue thereof, neither directly attached to a ring nor the nitrogen atom being a member of a heterocyclic ring
- A01N47/14—Di-thio analogues thereof
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- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
- A01N47/38—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N< containing the group >N—CO—N< where at least one nitrogen atom is part of a heterocyclic ring; Thio analogues thereof
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- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/20—Bacteria; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
- A01N63/22—Bacillus
- A01N63/23—B. thuringiensis
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests of litchi. According to the method, agricultural control, physical control and biological control are taken as main materials, chemical control is taken as auxiliary materials, the overall safety and environmental protection performance of the method are improved, meanwhile, different chemical agents are used in different periods, the drug resistance of pests cannot be increased, meanwhile, the pest control efficiency of the method is improved, and the loss is reduced to the minimum. According to the method, the carbon dioxide acquisition module, the soil humidity acquisition module, the atmospheric temperature and humidity acquisition module and the illumination intensity acquisition module are arranged on the digital map, various survey data and equipment data are superposed on the digital map, pest and disease occurrence index analysis, Internet of things equipment distribution, working state, monitoring point distribution and the like are provided in real time, and pest and disease occurrence conditions in counties and surrounding areas are mastered, so that the accuracy of data monitored by the system is improved, the accuracy of detection and forecast during use is improved, and the efficiency of pest control is further improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of litchi pest control, and particularly relates to a litchi pest control method.
Background
Litchi chinensis, a plant of the family Sapindaceae, is widely planted in Guangdong province as a tree species of an economic crop. Various plant diseases and insect pests are easy to breed in tropical and humid subtropical areas throughout the year, and the sustainable development of the litchi industry is not facilitated, so that the main plant diseases and insect pests of the litchi tree need to be prevented and solved in time.
However, the common prevention and control method has poor environmental protection performance, so that the damage and the pollution to the environment are large.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: in order to solve the problems, a method for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests of litchi is provided.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests of litchi comprises the following steps:
s1, performing physical control, trapping and killing by utilizing the sensitivity of pests to colors, coating a layer of pest sticking agent on the board surface, sticking the pests to the board surface, wherein the pests which can be controlled comprise scale insects, moth insects, small grey butterfly and the like, and having remarkable application effect;
s2, trapping and killing pests by using a frequency vibration type insecticidal lamp, wherein the insecticidal lamp mainly traps and kills scarab beetles, longicorn beetles, small ash butterflies of litchis, inchworms, leaf gall midges, moth moths of litchi, moth borers of litchi and the like, and hanging yellow plates to trap and kill pests which have larger taxis to yellow, such as aphids and the like; after the fruit expansion period is finished, the bag is sleeved to prevent the litchi fruit borers from laying eggs and the larvae from entering the fruits, so that the infection of the peronophythora and the anthracnose pathogenic bacteria is reduced;
s3, gamma-ray radiation and cold storage are combined for the conopomorpha; in addition, pupae, larvae and adults can be manually caught and killed in the full-blown period of pests;
s4, biologically preventing and treating from 3 months to 4 months, and releasing a batch of Anastatus verrucosa in bud and blossom periods of the litchi respectively;
s5, performing chemical control, namely applying 10-12 parts of bacillus thuringiensis, 10-12 parts of abamectin, 10-12 parts of trichoderma and 300-500 parts of water in a spring tip stage for spraying;
applying 10-12 parts of 25% metalaxyl, 10-12 parts of 53% auridol-manganese zinc water dispersible granules and 300-500 parts of water in a bud period for spraying;
applying 10-12 parts of 75.2% Baolike water aqua, 10-12 parts of 45% Dashengfu, 10-12 parts of 26% prochloraz and 300-500 parts of water in a young fruit period, and spraying;
applying 10-12 parts of 55% ambam wettable powder, 10-12 parts of 60% daphnia manganese zinc, 10-12 parts of 30% leaf spot cleaner, 10-12 parts of 85% imazalil and 300-500 parts of water at the later development stage of fruits, and spraying;
s6, arranging a soil humidity acquisition module,
s7, arranging an atmospheric temperature and humidity acquisition module,
s8, setting an illumination intensity acquisition module;
s9, designing a wireless communication transmission module, and connecting the soil humidity acquisition module, the atmospheric temperature and humidity acquisition module and the illumination intensity acquisition module with the wireless communication transmission module;
and S10, superposing various survey data and equipment data on the digital map, providing pest occurrence index analysis, Internet of things equipment distribution and working state, monitoring point distribution and the like in real time, mastering the pest occurrence condition rule and environment relationship in county and surrounding areas, analyzing the historical pest development trend, performing qualitative data statistics and analysis, and then realizing real-time monitoring.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S2, the light hanging time may be from the first of 5 months to the last of 10 months.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step S3, the irradiation treatment at (1.39 ± 0.39) ° c for 8d can completely kill the larvae in the fruit.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S4, the trichogramma is released to control leafworm; the beauveria bassiana Bbt1 strain is an excellent strain which is directionally screened and has high toxicity to the lygus lucorum.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S6, the soil humidity collecting module employs a DS18B20 temperature sensor chip with a T probe, and each pin of the chip is separated by a heat shrink tube to prevent short circuit, and the chip is internally sealed with a sealant, waterproof, moistureproof, high-quality stainless steel tube-packaged, waterproof, moistureproof, and rustproof.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S7, the atmospheric temperature and humidity collecting module adopts a DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor to collect the atmospheric temperature and humidity of the crop growing environment.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S8, the acquisition of the illumination intensity is implemented by using an On9658F visible light illumination sensor.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S9, the GPRS wireless communication module is set, the technology hardware is selected from the GPRS technology hardware, the SIM300S module is selected, and the SIM300S is a dual-band GPRS module, so that voice, short message, and data services can be transmitted in the GSM network through the frequency GSM900/1800 MHz.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S5, for pests with chewing mouthparts, various stomach poisons or contact killers are used to spray the parts of the plant that are damaged by pests, or made into poison bait to kill pests.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S5, a contact insecticide and a systemic insecticide may be applied to the pests with piercing-sucking mouthparts; the pests with siphon mouthparts are trapped and killed with sugar, wine and vinegar, or the stomach poison is made into liquid poison bait.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the method, the litchi pest and disease damage is prevented and controlled by means of combining multiple prevention and control modes, the influence and poor effect of a single prevention and control mode on the environment are reduced as much as possible, meanwhile, agricultural prevention and control, physical prevention and control and biological prevention and control are taken as main purposes, chemical prevention and control are taken as auxiliary purposes, the overall safety and environmental protection performance of the method are improved, meanwhile, different chemical agents are used in different periods, the drug resistance of pests cannot be increased, meanwhile, the pest and disease damage prevention and control efficiency of the method is improved, and the loss is reduced to the minimum.
2. According to the invention, the carbon dioxide acquisition module, the soil humidity acquisition module, the atmospheric temperature and humidity acquisition module and the illumination intensity acquisition module which are arranged in the method superpose various survey data and equipment data on the digital map, provide pest and disease occurrence index analysis, Internet of things equipment distribution and working state, monitoring point distribution and the like in real time, and master the pest and disease occurrence conditions in county and surrounding areas, so that the accuracy of data monitored by the system is improved, the accuracy of detection and forecast during use is improved, and the efficiency of pest control is further improved.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
a method for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests of litchi comprises the following steps:
s1, performing physical control, trapping and killing by utilizing the sensitivity of pests to colors, coating a layer of pest sticking agent on the board surface, sticking the pests to the board surface, wherein the pests which can be controlled comprise scale insects, moth insects, small grey butterfly and the like, and having remarkable application effect;
s2, trapping and killing pests by using a frequency-oscillation type insecticidal lamp, wherein the insecticidal lamp is mainly used for trapping and killing scarab beetles, longicorn beetles, lichee grey butterflies, inchworms, leaf gall midges, leaf rollers, lichee pedicle moths and the like, and hanging yellow plates for trapping and killing pests such as aphids and the like with large taxis to yellow; after the fruit expansion period is finished, the bag is sleeved to prevent the litchi fruit borers from laying eggs and larvae from entering the fruits, so that the infection of pathogenic bacteria of the downy blight and anthracnose is reduced; in step S2, the light hanging time may be from the first month of 5 to the last ten days of 10 months;
s3, gamma-ray radiation and cold storage are combined for the conopomorpha; in addition, pupae, larvae and adults can be manually caught and killed in the full-blown period of pests; in step S3, the irradiation treatment at 1.39 + -0.39 deg.C for 8d can completely kill the larva in the fruit;
s4, performing biological control, wherein a batch of Anastatus verrucosa can be released in bud and blossom periods of litchi from 3 months to 4 months; in step S4, releasing trichogramma to prevent and control leaf rollers; the beauveria bassiana Bbt1 strain is an excellent strain which is directionally screened and has high toxicity to the lygus sinensis;
s5, performing chemical control, namely applying 10 parts of bacillus thuringiensis, 10 parts of abamectin, 10 parts of trichoderma and 300 parts of water in the spring shoot period for spraying; in step S5, aiming at pests with chewing mouthparts, various stomach poisons or contact poisons are used for spraying the parts of the plants eaten by the pests, or poison baits are prepared for trapping and killing the pests; in step S5, a contact insecticide and a systemic insecticide can be applied to the pests with piercing-sucking mouthparts; the pests with siphon mouthparts are trapped and killed by the sugar, wine and vinegar liquid or the stomach poison is made into liquid poison bait;
applying 10 parts of 25% metalaxyl, 10 parts of 53% aureodor-manganese zinc water dispersible granules and 300 parts of water in the bud stage for spraying;
spraying 10 parts of a 75.2% Baolike water aqua, 10 parts of 45% Dashengfu, 10 parts of 26% prochloraz and 300 parts of water in a young fruit period;
applying 10 parts of 55% wettable ambam powder, 10 parts of 60% manganese zinc replenisher, 10 parts of 30% leaf spot cleaner, 10 parts of 85% imazalil and 300 parts of water at the later development stage of fruits, and spraying;
s6, arranging a soil humidity acquisition module, wherein in the step S6, the soil humidity acquisition module adopts a DS18B20 temperature sensor chip as a T probe, each pin of the chip is separated by a heat-shrinkable tube to prevent short circuit, the inside of the chip is sealed with glue, the chip is waterproof and moistureproof, a high-quality stainless steel tube is packaged, and the chip is waterproof, moistureproof and rustproof;
s7, setting an atmospheric temperature and humidity acquisition module, wherein in the step S7, the atmospheric temperature and humidity acquisition module adopts a DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor to realize the acquisition of atmospheric temperature and humidity of the crop growth environment;
s8, setting an illumination intensity acquisition module; in step S8, an On9658F visible light illuminance sensor is used to collect the light intensity;
s9, designing a wireless communication transmission module, and connecting the soil humidity acquisition module, the atmospheric temperature and humidity acquisition module and the illumination intensity acquisition module with the wireless communication transmission module; in step S9, a GPRS wireless communication module is set, the technical hardware type selection GPRS technology hardware selects the SIM300S module, and the SIM300S is a dual-band GPRS module, which can transmit voice, short message, and data services in a GSM network through the frequency GSM900/1800 MHz;
and S10, superposing various survey data and equipment data on the digital map, providing pest occurrence index analysis, Internet of things equipment distribution and working state, monitoring point distribution and the like in real time, mastering the pest occurrence rule and environment relationship in county and surrounding areas, analyzing the historical pest development trend, performing qualitative data statistics and analysis, and then realizing real-time monitoring.
According to the method, the litchi pest and disease damage is prevented and controlled by means of combining multiple prevention and control modes, the influence and poor effect of a single prevention and control mode on the environment are reduced as much as possible, meanwhile, agricultural prevention and control, physical prevention and control and biological prevention and control are taken as main purposes, chemical prevention and control are taken as auxiliary purposes, the overall safety and environmental protection performance of the method are improved, meanwhile, different chemical agents are used in different periods, the drug resistance of pests cannot be increased, meanwhile, the pest and disease damage prevention and control efficiency of the method is improved, and the loss is reduced to the minimum.
According to the invention, the carbon dioxide acquisition module, the soil humidity acquisition module, the atmospheric temperature and humidity acquisition module and the illumination intensity acquisition module which are arranged in the method superpose various survey data and equipment data on the digital map, provide pest and disease occurrence index analysis, Internet of things equipment distribution and working state, monitoring point distribution and the like in real time, and master pest and disease occurrence conditions in counties and surrounding areas, so that the accuracy of data monitored by the system is improved, the accuracy of detection and forecast in use is improved, and the efficiency of pest control is further improved.
Example two:
a method for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests of litchi comprises the following steps:
s1, performing physical control, trapping and killing by utilizing the sensitivity of pests to colors, coating a layer of pest sticking agent on the board surface, sticking the pests to the board surface, wherein the pests which can be controlled comprise scale insects, moth insects, small grey butterfly and the like, and having remarkable application effect;
s2, trapping and killing pests by using a frequency vibration type insecticidal lamp, wherein the insecticidal lamp mainly traps and kills scarab beetles, longicorn beetles, small ash butterflies of litchis, inchworms, leaf gall midges, moth moths of litchi, moth borers of litchi and the like, and hanging yellow plates to trap and kill pests which have larger taxis to yellow, such as aphids and the like; after the fruit expansion period is finished, the bag is sleeved to prevent the litchi fruit borers from laying eggs and larvae from entering the fruits, so that the infection of pathogenic bacteria of the downy blight and anthracnose is reduced; in step S2, the light hanging time may be from the first month of 5 to the last ten days of 10 months;
s3, gamma-ray radiation and cold storage are combined for the conopomorpha; in addition, pupae, larvae and adults can be manually caught and killed in the full-blown period of pests; in step S3, the fruit is completely killed by irradiation treatment at (1.39 + -0.39) ° C for 8 days;
s4, performing biological control, wherein a batch of Anastatus verrucosa can be released in bud and blossom periods of litchi from 3 months to 4 months; in step S4, releasing trichogramma to prevent and control leaf rollers; the beauveria bassiana Bbt1 strain is an excellent strain which is directionally screened and has high toxicity to the lygus sinensis;
s5, performing chemical control, namely applying 12 parts of bacillus thuringiensis, 12 parts of abamectin, 12 parts of trichoderma and 500 parts of water in the spring shoot period for spraying; in step S5, aiming at pests with chewing mouthparts, various stomach poisons or contact killers are used for spraying the parts of the plants eaten by the pests, or poison baits are prepared for trapping and killing the pests; in step S5, a contact insecticide and a systemic insecticide can be applied to the pests with piercing-sucking mouthparts; the pests with siphon mouthparts are trapped and killed by the sugar, wine and vinegar liquid or the stomach poison is made into liquid poison bait;
spraying 12 parts of 25% metalaxyl, 12 parts of 53% aureodor-manganese zinc water dispersible granules and 500 parts of water in the bud period;
spraying 12 parts of a 75.2% Baolike water aqua, 12 parts of 45% Dashengfu, 12 parts of 26% prochloraz and 500 parts of water in a young fruit period;
applying 12 parts of 55% ambam wettable powder, 12 parts of 60% revusine zinc, 12 parts of 30% leaf spot cleaner, 12 parts of 85% imazalil and the like and 500 parts of water at the later development stage of fruits, and spraying;
s6, arranging a soil humidity acquisition module, wherein in the step S6, the soil humidity acquisition module adopts a DS18B20 temperature sensor chip as a T probe, each pin of the chip is separated by a heat-shrinkable tube to prevent short circuit, the inside of the chip is sealed with glue, the chip is waterproof and moistureproof, a high-quality stainless steel tube is packaged, and the chip is waterproof, moistureproof and rustproof;
s7, setting an atmospheric temperature and humidity acquisition module, wherein in the step S7, the atmospheric temperature and humidity acquisition module adopts a DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor to realize the acquisition of atmospheric temperature and humidity of the crop growth environment;
s8, setting an illumination intensity acquisition module; in step S8, an On9658F visible light illuminance sensor is used to collect the illumination intensity;
s9, designing a wireless communication transmission module, and connecting the soil humidity acquisition module, the atmospheric temperature and humidity acquisition module and the illumination intensity acquisition module with the wireless communication transmission module; in step S9, a GPRS wireless communication module is set, the technical hardware type selection GPRS technology hardware selects the SIM300S module, and the SIM300S is a dual-band GPRS module, which can transmit voice, short message, and data services in a GSM network through the frequency GSM900/1800 MHz;
and S10, superposing various survey data and equipment data on the digital map, providing pest occurrence index analysis, Internet of things equipment distribution and working state, monitoring point distribution and the like in real time, mastering the pest occurrence condition rule and environment relationship in county and surrounding areas, analyzing the historical pest development trend, performing qualitative data statistics and analysis, and then realizing real-time monitoring.
According to the method, various prevention and control modes are combined to prevent and control the litchi diseases and insect pests, the influence and poor effect of a single prevention and control mode on the environment are reduced as much as possible, meanwhile, agricultural prevention and control, physical prevention and control and biological prevention and control are mainly used, chemical prevention and control are used as assistance, the overall safety and environmental friendliness of the method are improved, meanwhile, different chemical agents are used in different periods, the drug resistance of the pests cannot be increased, meanwhile, the pest and insect pest prevention and control efficiency of the method is improved, and the loss is reduced to the minimum.
According to the invention, the carbon dioxide acquisition module, the soil humidity acquisition module, the atmospheric temperature and humidity acquisition module and the illumination intensity acquisition module which are arranged in the method superpose various survey data and equipment data on the digital map, provide pest and disease occurrence index analysis, Internet of things equipment distribution and working state, monitoring point distribution and the like in real time, and master pest and disease occurrence conditions in counties and surrounding areas, so that the accuracy of data monitored by the system is improved, the accuracy of detection and forecast in use is improved, and the efficiency of pest control is further improved.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests of litchi is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method for preventing and treating the pest and disease damage of the litchi comprises the following steps:
s1, performing physical control, trapping and killing by utilizing the sensitivity of pests to colors, and smearing a layer of pest sticking agent on the board surface;
s2, trapping and killing pests by using a frequency vibration type pest killing lamp; after the fruit expansion period is finished, the bag is sleeved to prevent the litchi pedicel moth from laying eggs and the larvae from entering the fruit;
s3, gamma-ray radiation and refrigeration are combined to prevent and control the pedicellus punctatus;
s4, biologically preventing and treating from 3 months to 4 months, and releasing a batch of Anastatus verrucosa in bud and blossom periods of the litchi;
s5, performing chemical control, namely applying 10-12 parts of bacillus thuringiensis, 10-12 parts of abamectin, 10-12 parts of trichoderma and 300-500 parts of water in a spring tip stage for spraying;
applying 10-12 parts of 25% metalaxyl, 10-12 parts of 53% auridol-manganese zinc water dispersible granules and 300-500 parts of water in a bud period for spraying;
applying 10-12 parts of 75.2% Baolike water aqua, 10-12 parts of 45% Dashengfu, 10-12 parts of 26% prochloraz and 300-500 parts of water in a young fruit period, and spraying;
applying 10-12 parts of 55% ambam wettable powder, 10-12 parts of 60% daphnia manganese zinc, 10-12 parts of 30% leaf spot cleaner, 10-12 parts of 85% imazalil and 300-500 parts of water at the later development stage of fruits, and spraying;
s6, arranging a soil humidity acquisition module,
s7, arranging an atmospheric temperature and humidity acquisition module,
s8, setting an illumination intensity acquisition module;
s9, designing a wireless communication transmission module, and connecting the soil humidity acquisition module, the atmospheric temperature and humidity acquisition module and the illumination intensity acquisition module with the wireless communication transmission module;
and S10, superposing various survey data and equipment data on the digital map, providing pest occurrence index analysis, Internet of things equipment distribution, working state and monitoring point distribution in real time, mastering the pest occurrence rule and environment relationship in county and surrounding areas, analyzing the historical pest development trend, and performing qualitative data statistics and analysis, thereby realizing real-time monitoring.
2. The method for controlling pests and diseases of litchi chinensis Sonn of claim 1, wherein: in step S2, the light hanging time may be from the beginning of month 5 to the end of month 10.
3. The method for controlling pests and diseases of litchi chinensis Sonn of claim 1, wherein: in the step S3, the irradiation treatment at 1.39 + -0.39 deg.C for 8d can completely kill the larvae in the fruit.
4. The method for controlling pests and diseases of litchi chinensis Sonn of claim 1, which comprises the following steps: in the step S4, the trichogramma is released to control the leaf rollers; the beauveria bassiana Bbt1 strain is a directionally screened strain to the lygus lucorum.
5. The method for controlling pests and diseases of litchi chinensis Sonn of claim 1, wherein: in the step S6, the soil humidity acquisition module adopts a DS18B20 temperature sensor chip as a T probe, each pin of the chip is separated by a heat shrink tube, and the inside is sealed with glue.
6. The method for controlling pests and diseases of litchi chinensis Sonn of claim 1, wherein: in the step S7, the atmospheric temperature and humidity acquisition module adopts a DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor to acquire atmospheric temperature and humidity of the crop growth environment.
7. The method for controlling pests and diseases of litchi chinensis Sonn of claim 1, wherein: in step S8, the On9658F visible light sensor is used to collect the light intensity.
8. The method for controlling pests and diseases of litchi chinensis Sonn of claim 1, wherein: in step S9, the GPRS wireless communication module is set, and the SIM300S module is selected as the technology hardware-based GPRS technology hardware.
9. The method for controlling pests and diseases of litchi chinensis Sonn of claim 1, wherein: in the step S5, for the pests having the chewing mouthparts, various stomach poisons or contact killers are used to spray the parts of the plants eaten by the pests, or made into poison baits to trap and kill the pests.
10. The method for controlling pests and diseases of litchi chinensis Sonn of claim 1, wherein: in the step S5, applying a contact insecticide and a systemic insecticide to the pests having piercing-sucking mouthparts; the pests with siphon mouthparts are trapped and killed with sugar, wine and vinegar, or the stomach poison is made into liquid poison bait.
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