CN103493668A - Method for cultivating kidney beans at middle and later periods - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cultivating kidney beams at middle and later periods. The method includes the steps that (1), temperature management: the kidney beams are fear of low temperature at night, and high temperature at daytime and at night is required; (2), nutrition management: the ratio among nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium needed for the kidney beans is 1.6:1:2; (3), water management: the kidney beams are prone to being hungry and growing after water is provided sufficiently, vines are vigorous, and the yield is low; (4), pruning: when a dragon head grows to 2 meters, a growing point is bent down and kept about 20cm distant from a shed plastic film; (5) the vine adjusting; vine control and pod promoting of the green house kidney beams are a key technology, so that leaves fully utilize space, and the shading rate is limited not to exceed 15%; (6), insect disease prevention is performed; (7), intertilling: a mulching film does not cover when the lowest ground temperature is above 15 DEG C; (8), pesticide using: pesticides need to meet requirements of GB4285, GB/T83211 and DB14187-1001; (9), timely harvesting: the method is low in investment and good in economic benefit.

Description

A kind of method of Kidney bean middle and later periods cultivation

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of method of Kidney bean cultivation, especially a kind of method of Kidney bean middle and later periods cultivation.

Background technology

At present, the suction nitrogen that many vegetable growers do not understand the fresh kidney beans rhizobium can meet 1/3～1/2 of crop normal growth needs, and the Major Nutrient of not understanding long Kidney bean is carbon, phosphorus, potassium.Therefore produce upper blindly heavy nitrogen application, not only hinder root but also can cause the climing overgrowing of leaf, cause the underproduction.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of Kidney bean middle and later periods cultivation; Not only do not hinder root and can cause again the climing overgrowing of leaf, and avoided causing the underproduction, correspondingly increase economic efficiency.

Technical scheme of the present invention is being: the method for this Kidney bean middle and later periods cultivation consists of following steps:

1. temperature treatment: it is low that Kidney bean is avoided night ground temperature, requires daytime and nighttime temperature higher; The 20 ℃ of left and right of front maintenance ground temperature of after planting emerging, daytime temperature is at 28 ℃～30 ℃; Be unearthed rear daytime temperature 20 ℃ of left and right, 8 ℃～10 ℃ of nights, but the short time is 6 ℃ of left and right, prevents high temperature excessive growth; After true leaf launches and before transplanting, but carry out 18 ℃ of low temperature hardenings daytime; After field planting, to taking out the climing phase, be flower bud differentiation period, temperature of shed be daytime 20 ℃ ,～25 ℃, be not less than 15 ℃ night, be preferably in: between 16 ℃～18 ℃; Reducing nocturnal temperature after the seat pod is 14 ℃ of left and right; Undifferentiated bud below 9 ℃, incomplete flower easily occurs higher than 27 ℃, is difficult for Pollination Fertilization lower than 14 ℃, surpasses 30 ℃ and want first sunshading and temperature reducing, the rear venting cooling; Temperature is 0 ℃ and is subject to freeze injury, and leaf chlorosis in the time of 2 ℃～3 ℃ is warmed up to 15 ℃ and can recovers growth, but can cause Severe Reduction;

2. Nutrition Management: required nitrogen, phosphorus, the potassium ratio of Kidney bean is 1.6:1:2; It is too much that greenhouse kind Kidney bean is guarded against nitrogen fertilizer application, makes plant early ageing, because of its rhizobium can be from atmosphere the nitrogen of fixed supply crop required 2/3, be equivalent to 25 kilo sulfuric acid ammoniums per season, so the nitrogen fertilizer application that need reduce by half; As Kidney bean growing point blackout, leaf contracting need zinc supplementation, the vein contracting needs to mend boron, and leaf is little and thin needs to mend nitrogen, and the beanpod growth needs to mend potassium slowly, and yellow need of complete stool leaf mended magnesium, and it is climing that during excessive growth, the plant derivant control of 1000 times of liquid need be sprayed in blade face; Beanpod watered water 1 time every 7～15 days of harvest time, with every 667 square metres of water, executed 7～8 kilograms, carbonic hydroammonium, 8～15 kilograms of potassium sulphates;

3. water management: Kidney bean water foot is easily starved long, and Ye Manwang, yield poorly; In management, growing point jaundice, tendril, tip do not water without dry shape, rear in time room temperature being transferred to more than 20 ℃ of watering, ventilation dewetting to be to prevent excessive growth, and cause causing fallen flowers, pod or catch an illness falls;

4. training: when tap grows to 2 meters high, growing point is stooped, keep apart from 20 centimetres of left and right of canopy film, leaf is climing to be evenly distributed on lifting rope, will lead respectively to save side shoot below climing the first inflorescence and destroy early, and preventing it from climbing to ceiling, to form pimple climing, affects light transmission amount and ventilation; Gather after 3～4 batches of beans, suspend handle-bar bend, within every 4～10 days, results are 1 time, and will destroy without the following jaundice leaf of inflorescence beanpod; Bear pods i.e. 3～April in later stage, plant starts aging, will old climing cutting off; Execute 1 kilogram, zinc sulphate for every 667 square metres, prosperous 1 kilogram of EM soil fertility, promote Collateral regeneration and resting bud to bloom and bear pods, and can continue 50%～60% output of receiving the main crop;

5. regulate leaf climing: Kidney bean control climing short pod in greenhouse is a key technology, with blade, can take full advantage of space, and the sunshade rate is no more than 15% for degree; Spray 5 mg/kg naphthalene acid solutions flowering stage, prevent the fallen flowers pod that falls, the short fruit of control seedling; Seedling Stage is done foliage spray with 1000 times of liquid of plant inducer, sprays in early days 1 time and gets final product; Promote flower bud differentiation and climing pod, the successful of increasing of control;

6. prevention and elimination of disease and pests: with carbendazim MnZn etc., containing manganese, zinc agent, prevent and treat leaf rust, prevent and treat anthracnose with Cal-cop 10,, Bai get Li clean by the downy mildew epidemic disease prevents and treats epidemic disease, with 80% dichlorvos, fires dying fire sootiness aphid, trialeurodes vaporariorum, every 667 square metres with dichlorvos 250～300 grams; With Avermectin, the precious spraying control of the fly of diving liriomyza bryoniae, connect and spray 2 times;

7. intertillage: minimum ground temperature does not cover mulch film in time more than 15 ℃, and intertillage is loosened the soil, and the short root of de-surface water is pricked deeply; When ground temperature is stabilized in 16 ℃, remove in time mulch film, intertillage is ventilative, promotes the regeneration power of microbial activities and root system;

8. medication: meet the requirement of GB4285, GB/T83211 and DB14187-2001;

9. gather in time: the instrument used while gathering will clean, health, pollution-free, gathers in time in batches, alleviates the plant burden, to guarantee the beanpod quality, promotes the later stage Fruit, and product quality will meet the requirement of NY5005.

Beneficial effect of the present invention:

This invention is a kind of method of Kidney bean middle and later periods cultivation; Not only do not hinder root and can cause again the climing overgrowing of leaf, and avoided causing the underproduction, correspondingly increase economic efficiency.

Embodiment

Embodiment:

[control measures] are temperature treatment 1..It is low that Kidney bean is avoided night ground temperature, requires daytime and nighttime temperature higher.The 20 ℃ of left and right of front maintenance ground temperature of after planting emerging, daytime temperature is at 28 ℃～30 ℃.Be unearthed rear daytime temperature 20 ℃ of left and right, 8 ℃～10 ℃ of nights, but the short time is 6 ℃ of left and right, prevents high temperature excessive growth.After true leaf launches and before transplanting, but carry out 18 ℃ of low temperature hardenings daytime.After field planting, to taking out the climing phase, be flower bud differentiation period, temperature of shed be daytime 20 ℃ ,～25 ℃, be not less than 15 ℃ night, be preferably in: between 16 ℃～18 ℃.Reducing nocturnal temperature after the seat pod is 14 ℃ of left and right.Undifferentiated bud below 9 ℃, incomplete flower easily occurs higher than 27 ℃, is difficult for Pollination Fertilization lower than 14 ℃, surpasses 30 ℃ and want first sunshading and temperature reducing, the rear venting cooling.Temperature is 0 ℃ and is subject to freeze injury, and leaf chlorosis in the time of 2 ℃～3 ℃ is warmed up to 15 ℃ and can recovers growth, but can cause Severe Reduction.2. Nutrition Management.Required nitrogen, phosphorus, the potassium ratio of Kidney bean is 1.6:1:2.It is too much that greenhouse kind Kidney bean is guarded against nitrogen fertilizer application, makes plant early ageing, because of its rhizobium can be from atmosphere the nitrogen of fixed supply crop required 2/3, be equivalent to 25 kilo sulfuric acid ammoniums per season, so the nitrogen fertilizer application that need reduce by half.As Kidney bean growing point blackout, leaf contracting need zinc supplementation, the vein contracting needs to mend boron, and leaf is little and thin needs to mend nitrogen, and the beanpod growth needs to mend potassium slowly, and yellow need of complete stool leaf mended magnesium, and it is climing that during excessive growth, the plant derivant control of 1000 times of liquid need be sprayed in blade face.Beanpod watered water 1 time every 7～15 days of harvest time, with every 667 square metres of water, executed 7～8 kilograms, carbonic hydroammonium, 8～15 kilograms of potassium sulphates.3. water management.Kidney bean water foot is easily starved long, and Ye Manwang, yield poorly.In management, growing point jaundice, tendril, tip do not water without dry shape, rear in time room temperature being transferred to more than 20 ℃ of watering, ventilation dewetting to be to prevent excessive growth, and cause causing fallen flowers, pod or catch an illness falls.4. training.When tap grows to 2 meters high, growing point is stooped, keep apart from 20 centimetres of left and right of canopy film, leaf is climing to be evenly distributed on lifting rope, will lead respectively to save side shoot below climing the first inflorescence and destroy early, and preventing it from climbing to ceiling, to form pimple climing, affects light transmission amount and ventilation.Gather after 3～4 batches of beans, suspend handle-bar bend, within every 4～10 days, results are 1 time, and will destroy without the following jaundice leaf of inflorescence beanpod.Bear pods i.e. 3～April in later stage, plant starts aging, will old climing cutting off.Execute 1 kilogram, zinc sulphate for every 667 square metres, prosperous 1 kilogram of EM soil fertility, promote Collateral regeneration and resting bud to bloom and bear pods, and can continue 50%～60% output of receiving the main crop.5. regulate leaf climing.Kidney bean control climing short pod in greenhouse is a key technology, with blade, can take full advantage of space, and the sunshade rate is no more than 15% for degree.Spray 5 mg/kg naphthalene acid solutions flowering stage, prevent the fallen flowers pod that falls, the short fruit of control seedling; Seedling Stage is done foliage spray with 1000 times of liquid of plant inducer, sprays in early days 1 time and gets final product.Promote flower bud differentiation and climing pod, the successful of increasing of control.6. prevention and elimination of disease and pests.Prevent and treat leaf rust with carbendazim MnZn etc. containing manganese, zinc agent, with Cal-cop 10, prevent and treat anthracnose,, Bai get Li clean by the downy mildew epidemic disease prevents and treats epidemic disease, with 80% dichlorvos, fires dying fire sootiness aphid, trialeurodes vaporariorum, every 667 square metres with dichlorvos 250～300 grams; With Avermectin, the precious spraying control of the fly of diving liriomyza bryoniae, connect and spray 2 times.7. intertillage.Minimum ground temperature does not cover mulch film in time more than 15 ℃, and intertillage is loosened the soil, and the short root of de-surface water is pricked deeply; When ground temperature is stabilized in 16 ℃, remove in time mulch film, intertillage is ventilative, promotes the regeneration power of microbial activities and root system.8. medication.Meet the requirement of GB4285, GB/T83211 and DB14187-2001.In Kidney bean is produced, forbid to use following agricultural chemicals: galecron, cyanide, lead phosphide, hexachlorcyclohexane, DDT, Niran, thimet (3911), parathion (1605), parathion-methyl (parathion-methyl), demeton (1059), Soviet Unionization 203, desinsection phosphorus, phosphorus ammonium, isothioate, flolimat, zinc phosphide, carbofuran, isocarbophos, nuvacron, dicofol, Aldicarb, day many prestige, Fluorakil 100, organic mercurials (match Lik-Sang, plug power are fallen apart), arsenic preparation, ulcer only, penta sodium pentachlorophenate etc. and other high malicious persistent pesticide.

Claims (1)

1. the method for Kidney bean middle and later periods cultivation, its feature consists of following steps:

1. temperature treatment: it is low that Kidney bean is avoided night ground temperature, requires daytime and nighttime temperature higher; The 20 ℃ of left and right of front maintenance ground temperature of after planting emerging, daytime temperature is at 28 ℃～30 ℃; Be unearthed rear daytime temperature 20 ℃ of left and right, 8 ℃～10 ℃ of nights, but the short time is 6 ℃ of left and right, prevents high temperature excessive growth; After true leaf launches and before transplanting, but carry out 18 ℃ of low temperature hardenings daytime; After field planting, to taking out the climing phase, be flower bud differentiation period, temperature of shed be daytime 20 ℃ ,～25 ℃, be not less than 15 ℃ night, be preferably in: between 16 ℃～18 ℃; Reducing nocturnal temperature after the seat pod is 14 ℃ of left and right; Undifferentiated bud below 9 ℃, incomplete flower easily occurs higher than 27 ℃, is difficult for Pollination Fertilization lower than 14 ℃, surpasses 30 ℃ and want first sunshading and temperature reducing, the rear venting cooling; Temperature is 0 ℃ and is subject to freeze injury, and leaf chlorosis in the time of 2 ℃～3 ℃ is warmed up to 15 ℃ and can recovers growth, but can cause Severe Reduction;

2. Nutrition Management: required nitrogen, phosphorus, the potassium ratio of Kidney bean is 1.6:1:2; It is too much that greenhouse kind Kidney bean is guarded against nitrogen fertilizer application, makes plant early ageing, because of its rhizobium can be from atmosphere the nitrogen of fixed supply crop required 2/3, be equivalent to 25 kilo sulfuric acid ammoniums per season, so the nitrogen fertilizer application that need reduce by half; As Kidney bean growing point blackout, leaf contracting need zinc supplementation, the vein contracting needs to mend boron, and leaf is little and thin needs to mend nitrogen, and the beanpod growth needs to mend potassium slowly, and yellow need of complete stool leaf mended magnesium, and it is climing that during excessive growth, the plant derivant control of 1000 times of liquid need be sprayed in blade face; Beanpod watered water 1 time every 7～15 days of harvest time, with every 667 square metres of water, executed 7～8 kilograms, carbonic hydroammonium, 8～15 kilograms of potassium sulphates;

3. water management: Kidney bean water foot is easily starved long, and Ye Manwang, yield poorly; In management, growing point jaundice, tendril, tip do not water without dry shape, rear in time room temperature being transferred to more than 20 ℃ of watering, ventilation dewetting to be to prevent excessive growth, and cause causing fallen flowers, pod or catch an illness falls;

4. training: when tap grows to 2 meters high, growing point is stooped, keep apart from 20 centimetres of left and right of canopy film, leaf is climing to be evenly distributed on lifting rope, will lead respectively to save side shoot below climing the first inflorescence and destroy early, and preventing it from climbing to ceiling, to form pimple climing, affects light transmission amount and ventilation; Gather after 3～4 batches of beans, suspend handle-bar bend, within every 4～10 days, results are 1 time, and will destroy without the following jaundice leaf of inflorescence beanpod; Bear pods i.e. 3～April in later stage, plant starts aging, will old climing cutting off; Execute 1 kilogram, zinc sulphate for every 667 square metres, prosperous 1 kilogram of EM soil fertility, promote Collateral regeneration and resting bud to bloom and bear pods, and can continue 50%～60% output of receiving the main crop;

5. regulate leaf climing: Kidney bean control climing short pod in greenhouse is a key technology, with blade, can take full advantage of space, and the sunshade rate is no more than 15% for degree; Spray 5 mg/kg naphthalene acid solutions flowering stage, prevent the fallen flowers pod that falls, the short fruit of control seedling; Seedling Stage is done foliage spray with 1000 times of liquid of plant inducer, sprays in early days 1 time and gets final product; Promote flower bud differentiation and climing pod, the successful of increasing of control;

6. prevention and elimination of disease and pests: with carbendazim MnZn etc., containing manganese, zinc agent, prevent and treat leaf rust, prevent and treat anthracnose with Cal-cop 10,, Bai get Li clean by the downy mildew epidemic disease prevents and treats epidemic disease, with 80% dichlorvos, fires dying fire sootiness aphid, trialeurodes vaporariorum, every 667 square metres with dichlorvos 250～300 grams; With Avermectin, the precious spraying control of the fly of diving liriomyza bryoniae, connect and spray 2 times;

7. intertillage: minimum ground temperature does not cover mulch film in time more than 15 ℃, and intertillage is loosened the soil, and the short root of de-surface water is pricked deeply; When ground temperature is stabilized in 16 ℃, remove in time mulch film, intertillage is ventilative, promotes the regeneration power of microbial activities and root system;

8. medication: meet the requirement of GB4285, GB/T83211 and DB14187-2001;

9. gather in time: the instrument used while gathering will clean, health, pollution-free, gathers in time in batches, alleviates the plant burden, to guarantee the beanpod quality, promotes the later stage Fruit, and product quality will meet the requirement of NY5005.