CN109006240B - Root promoting and yield increasing method for continuous cropping and continuous cropping melon crops - Google Patents

Root promoting and yield increasing method for continuous cropping and continuous cropping melon crops Download PDF

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CN109006240B
CN109006240B CN201810779408.1A CN201810779408A CN109006240B CN 109006240 B CN109006240 B CN 109006240B CN 201810779408 A CN201810779408 A CN 201810779408A CN 109006240 B CN109006240 B CN 109006240B
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root
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stem
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CN109006240A (en
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张卫华
刘文宝
高旭利
李永腾
韩新华
冯传荣
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Vegetable Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants

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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for promoting the root and increasing the yield of continuous cropping melon crops, which comprises the following steps: firstly, judging whether the melon crops in the fruit expansion period or the mature period have soil-borne diseases or not; the seedling falling and stem burying treatment is carried out on the melon crops with the soil-borne diseases, the root of the plant stem part which is newly buried into the soil is irrigated by adopting bacillus amyloliquefaciens or bacillus licheniformis and a rooting agent, the new root of the stem part is promoted to grow, and the purpose of promoting the root of the melon crops with the diseases is achieved. After the seedling falling and stem burying treatment is carried out for about 8-15 days, white hair roots with absorption function begin to appear at the part where the stems are newly buried into the soil, and the water and fertilizer absorption function of plants is greatly improved. At the same time, the sun-shading net is not needed to shade even in the noon with strong sunlight, and the plants can absorb sufficient nutrients for the growth of the plants and the expansion of fruits, thereby ensuring the normal maturity of the fruits.

Description

Root promoting and yield increasing method for continuous cropping and continuous cropping melon crops
Technical Field
The invention relates to a root promoting and yield increasing method for continuous cropping melon crops, belonging to the technical field of agricultural cultivation.
Background
Watermelon and melon are popular fruit types; is also one of important economic crops with larger planting area for farmers. However, if the watermelon and the melon are continuously cultivated for more than 3 years, the diseases are obviously increased, and the yield and the quality of the watermelon and the melon are obviously reduced.
In 2016, the cultivation area of facility vegetables in China exceeds 5872.1 ten thousand mu, and the facility vegetables become the countries with the largest gardening area in the world. The protected vegetables become the most active emerging industry in agricultural production in China, and play a great role in the construction of vegetable basket engineering in China. However, the greenhouse vegetables have the characteristics of high intensification, high multiple cropping index and single type, a series of adverse phenomena such as deterioration of soil environment, serious vegetable pest and disease damage, reduction of yield, deterioration of vegetable quality and the like occur in continuous cropping for many years, the sustainable development of greenhouse vegetable production is seriously threatened, and continuous cropping obstacles become a great technical problem to be solved urgently in vegetable cultivation and production.
The continuous cropping of west/melon in a greenhouse or a sunlight greenhouse (facility greenhouse for short) can cause a series of diseases to be aggravated, and particularly cause serious soil-borne diseases such as root rot, root knot nematode disease, blight and the like. The morbidity of the overwintering stubble or the winter and spring stubble is particularly high. In addition to the increase in the number of continuous cropping pathogens being the primary cause, the following physiological diseases are also one cause of the aggravation of soil-borne diseases year by year: such as: watering before large water and cold flow are poured in winter in low-temperature seasons; the large water under the film is easy to cause root retting in high-temperature seasons in summer; the most common condition is that the salinization degree of soil is increased year by year, and root system damage is easily caused, although the condition is physiological disease at first, the root system is easily attacked by pathogenic bacteria in soil to become soil-borne disease such as root rot and blight after the physiological damage. Because the occurrence and spread of the diseases are all in the underground part, the plants are relatively small when the diseases begin to occur, the fruit carrying amount is small or the fruits are relatively small, the consumption of the plants and the burden of nutrition delivery to the fruits are small, and therefore, even if root rot occurs at the roots, the upper parts cannot be seen at the beginning; however, when the external temperature rises in the fruit expansion period or the mature period, the evaporation capacity in the facility shed is increased, the transpiration effect of the plants is enhanced, besides the increase of the nutrient consumption of the plants, the expansion and the maturation of the fruits need a large amount of water and nutrients, the root system load is increased at the moment, the root system of the infected plants cannot meet the normal water and nutrient requirements of the plants, and the overground part gradually suffers from wilting. Most of wilting plants or roots are rotten and lose the optimal time for treatment, or vascular bundles become brown and are blocked, so that the treatment effect of irrigating roots with the medicine is very little, the fruits are not enlarged any more and can not mature normally, the yield and the quality of the crops and the fruits are seriously affected, and the commodity value is not high.
For example: the problems of plant wilting, non-enlargement of fruits and improper fruit types of watermelons in old production areas, full shed watermelons in Jinan Jiyang areas in 2017 spring, more than 40 days of ripe watermelons still cannot meet the standard of maturity for more than 50 days, the taste is poor, and the loss of each shed is more than ten thousand yuan.
Aiming at the root rot disease caused by the physiological damage or directly pathological root rot disease and root knot nematode disease, the root rot disease is not easy to be found in the initial stage, the fruit is not enlarged any more and can not be matured normally when the fruit is enlarged or matured.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for promoting the root and increasing the yield of continuous cropping soil melon crops.
The method of the invention is an effective saving method aiming at the conditions that the plant wilting occurs, the pesticide root irrigation control effect is poor and the fruit can not normally mature when the root diseases such as root rot or root knot nematode disease occur at the root in the middle and later growth period and the fruit expanding and maturing process of the continuous cropping melon crops, thereby not only ensuring the yield of the fruit grower, but also ensuring the quality and the quality safety of the fruit without chemical pesticide.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for root promoting and yield increasing of continuous cropping melon crops comprises the following steps:
1) firstly, judging whether the melon crops in the fruit expansion period or the mature period have soil-borne diseases or not;
2) carrying out seedling falling and stem burying treatment on melon crops with soil-borne diseases, wherein the seedling falling and stem burying treatment specifically comprises the following steps: slowly dropping seedlings of the melon crops, contacting the seedlings with soil, and burying and covering the stems of the plants contacted with the soil;
3) and (3) irrigating roots of the newly buried plant stem parts by using bacillus amyloliquefaciens or bacillus licheniformis and a rooting agent, promoting the new roots of the stem node parts, and realizing the purpose of promoting the roots of the diseased melon crops.
Preferably, the specific method in step 1) is as follows:
under the condition that the soil in the facility shed is not lack of water, if the plant continuously wilting, and on the premise of excluding underground insect pests, the root of the plant can be preliminarily judged to be seriously damaged.
Preferably, for plants with severely damaged roots, the plants will wilting only when the light is strong at noon, and will return to normal in the morning and evening, and then the wilting time will be longer and longer, and the roots are preliminarily judged to be infected by soil-borne diseases;
for plants which show wilting and recover normally in the morning and at night at noon, pulling out the root systems of the plants to observe, observing whether the plants have insect biting traces, and eliminating the harm of underground pests; if the root system is reddish brown or turns black, the dissected vascular bundle does not change color and does not spread to the overground part, and the root rot is judged to occur; if the vascular bundle changes color and turns yellow and spreads to the overground part, the vascular bundle is judged to be infected with the blight; if the leaves on the overground part of the plant are yellow, the plant grows slowly, the root system of the underground part grows with root nodules, and part of the large root nodules are rotten, and the plant is judged to be infected with the root-knot nematode.
Preferably, in step 2), the stem of the plant, after the plant seedling has fallen and is in contact with the soil, has 1-2 nodes.
Preferably, according to the invention, the seedlings of the plants dropped in step 2) fall between two plants in the same row.
Preferably, in the step 2) of seedling falling and stem burying treatment, the length of the plant stems in contact with the soil is less than or equal to the plant spacing between two plants, and the length of the plant stems in contact with the soil is 10-20 cm.
Preferably, in step 2), the thickness of the covering soil is 5-8cm, and the covering soil is loose and breathable soil.
Preferably, in the step 2), the seedlings are shaded by a sunshade net after being buried in stems, so that transpiration and water loss of plants are reduced.
Preferably, in step 3), the amount of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens drench roots is between 100 trillion spores and 500 trillion/hm2(ii) a The amount of the bacillus licheniformis irrigated root is 100 trillion spores to 1000 trillion/hm2。
Preferably, in step 3), the rooting agent is naphthylacetic acid with the concentration of 0.1-0.5mg/l or indolebutyric acid with the concentration of 0.1-1.5mg/l or indoleacetic acid with the concentration of 0.1-1.5mg/l, and the using amount of the rooting agent is 100-400mL per plant.
If the plant wilting phenomenon occurs in the greenhouse, the problem of the root system of the plant needs to be considered on the premise of eliminating underground insect pests, no matter the root system is caused by physiological reasons in the initial stage, root problems caused by pathogenic bacteria in the later stage or root problems directly caused by the pathogenic bacteria, once the wilting symptom is shown on the overground part, the damage degree of the root system of the underground part is larger, the root irrigation at the moment has a prevention effect on the plant which does not suffer from wilting, but for the plant which suffers from wilting, the soil permeability is poor due to the increase of the soil humidity, the disease condition is not controlled easily, and the disease condition is aggravated possibly; the wilting caused by root knot nematode disease is also caused by the rotting of underground roots, and the root irrigation does not work, so the existing root irrigation treatment method is not favorable for controlling the disease condition of plants which are already wilted.
After the seedling falling and stem burying treatment is carried out for about 8-15 days, white hairy roots with absorption function begin to appear at the part where the stems are newly buried into the soil, and the plant absorption function is greatly improved. At the same time, the sun-shading net is not needed to shade at noon with strong sunlight, the plant can absorb sufficient nutrients for the growth of the plant and the expansion of the fruit, and the normal maturity of the fruit is ensured.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
after the seedling falling and stem burying treatment is carried out for about 8-15 days, white hair roots with absorption function begin to appear at the part where the stems are newly buried into the soil, and the water and fertilizer absorption function of plants is greatly improved. At the same time, the sun-shading net is not needed to shade even in the noon with strong sunlight, and the plants can absorb sufficient nutrients for the growth of the plants and the expansion of fruits, thereby ensuring the normal maturity of the fruits.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by, but is not limited to, the following specific examples.
The raw materials used in the examples are all conventional commercial products.
Example 1
A method for root promotion and fruit retention of melon crops in a continuous cropping field comprises the following steps:
1) firstly, judging whether the melon crops in the fruit expansion period or the mature period have soil-borne diseases or not; the specific method for judging is as follows:
under the condition that the soil in the facility shed is not lack of water, if the plant continuously suffers wilting and under the premise of excluding underground insect pests, the root of the plant can be judged to be seriously damaged, and the plant is possibly infected by soil-borne diseases under the influence of physiological or pathological factors.
For plants with wilting in succession, only the plants will wilting in the beginning when the light is strong at noon, return to normal in the morning and evening, and then the wilting time is longer and longer, so that the plants are judged to be infected by soil-borne diseases;
extracting a plant root system for observing a plant which shows wilting and recovers normally in the morning and at night at noon, observing whether a mark of insect biting exists or not, and eliminating the harm of underground pests; if the root system is reddish brown or turns black, the dissected vascular bundle does not change color and does not spread to the overground part, and the root rot is judged to occur; if the vascular bundle changes color and turns yellow and spreads to the overground part, the vascular bundle is judged to be infected with the blight; if the leaves on the overground part of the plant are yellow, the plant grows slowly, the root system of the underground part grows with root nodules, and part of the large root nodules are rotten, and the plant is judged to be infected with the root-knot nematode.
2) Carrying out seedling falling and stem burying treatment on melon crops with soil-borne diseases, wherein the seedling falling and stem burying treatment specifically comprises the following steps: slowly dropping seedlings of melon crops between two plants in the same row and contacting with soil, burying and covering the stems of the plants contacting with the soil, ensuring that the stems of the plants contacting with the soil have 1 node, wherein the thickness of the covering soil is 8cm, shading the seedlings by using a shading net after the seedlings are buried and the stems are treated, and reducing transpiration and water loss of the plants.
3) The stem part of the plant which is newly buried in the soil is irrigated with roots by adopting bacillus amyloliquefaciens and naphthylacetic acid, so that the stem node part is promoted to grow new roots, and the purpose of promoting the roots of the diseased melon crops is realized; the amount of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens irrigated roots is 100 trillion spores to 500 trillion/hm2The concentration of the naphthylacetic acid is 0.1-0.5mg/l, and the dosage is 150-
Example 2
The root promoting and fruit protecting method for continuous cropping of melon crop in the same way as that in the example 1 is characterized in that:
in the step 2), 2 sections of the fallen melon seedlings and the stems of plants in contact with the soil are ensured, and the thickness of the covering soil is 8 cm;
in the step 3), the newly buried plant stem is irrigated with roots by adopting bacillus licheniformis and indoleacetic acid, and the dosage of the bacillus licheniformis irrigated roots is 100 trillion spores to 1000 trillion/hm2The concentration of the indoleacetic acid is 0.1-1.5mg/l, and the dosage is 150-250 mL.
Comparative example 1
A method for fruit protection of melon crops in continuous cropping field is carried out according to the existing method, namely the treatment is carried out by irrigating roots with medicine, and the root irrigation treatment is generally carried out by using 70% thiophanate methyl 600 times liquid compounded with 500 times liquid of tannin.
Comparative example 2
The method for fruit retention of the melon crops in the re-stubble field is the same as the method in the embodiment 1, and is characterized in that the method only carries out seedling falling and stem burying treatment, and does not carry out the step 3) of root irrigation on the stem parts of the newly buried plants by adopting bacillus amyloliquefaciens or bacillus licheniformis and a rooting agent.
Examples of the experiments
Four different treatment methods of examples 1-2 and comparative examples 1-2 are adopted to control the watermelons in the fruit expansion period with soil-borne diseases in the same area and period, and the control results are investigated, and the results are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1 Effect of different treatments on the quality and yield of watermelon with soil-borne disease
Figure BDA0001732197780000051
As can be seen from the above table 1, the treatment methods of the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2 of the invention can effectively avoid the damage of soil-borne diseases to the quality and the yield of watermelons, ensure that fruits are normally enlarged and mature, ensure the weight and the acre yield of single watermelon, ensure the taste and the sugar content of the fruits, and ensure the safety of products without applying chemical pesticides.

Claims (2)

1. A method for root promoting and yield increasing of continuous cropping melon crops comprises the following steps:
1) firstly, judging whether the melon crops in the fruit expansion period or the mature period have soil-borne diseases or not;
the specific method for judging is as follows:
under the condition that the soil in the facility shed is not lack of water, if the plant continuously wilting, and on the premise of excluding underground insect pests, the root of the plant is preliminarily judged to be seriously damaged;
2) carrying out seedling falling and stem burying treatment on melon crops with soil-borne diseases, wherein the seedling falling and stem burying treatment specifically comprises the following steps: slowly dropping seedlings of melon crops to be in contact with soil, ensuring that 1-2 nodes are reserved on the stems of plants in contact with the soil, burying and covering the stems of the plants in contact with the soil, wherein the length of the stems of the plants in contact with the soil is less than or equal to the plant spacing between two plants, the length of the stems of the plants in contact with the soil is 10-20cm, and the dropped seedlings of the plants fall between two plants in the same row; the thickness of the covering soil is 5-8cm, and the covering soil is loose and breathable soil; after the seedling falling and stem burying treatment, shading by using a shading net to reduce plant transpiration and water loss;
3) irrigating roots of the newly buried plant stem parts by adopting bacillus amyloliquefaciens and a rooting agent or bacillus licheniformis and a rooting agent to promote new roots of stem node parts and realize the purpose of promoting the roots of the diseased melon crops; the rooting agent is naphthylacetic acid with the concentration of 0.1-0.5mg/l or indolebutyric acid with the concentration of 0.1-1.5mg/l or indoleacetic acid with the concentration of 0.1-1.5mg/l, and the using amount of the rooting agent is 400mL per plant 100-; the amount of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens irrigated roots is 100 trillion spores to 500 trillion/hm2(ii) a The amount of the bacillus licheniformis irrigated roots is 100 trillion spores to 1000 trillion/hm2。
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plant with severely damaged root will wilting only when the light is strong at noon, will return to normal in the morning and evening, and then will wilting for longer and longer time, and the root system will be primarily determined to have been infected by soil-borne diseases;
for plants which show wilting and recover normally in the morning and at night at noon, pulling out the root systems of the plants to observe, observing whether the plants have insect biting traces, and eliminating the harm of underground pests; if the root system is reddish brown or turns black, the dissected vascular bundle does not change color and does not spread to the overground part, and the root rot is judged to occur; if the vascular bundle changes color and turns yellow and spreads to the overground part, the vascular bundle is judged to be infected with the blight;
if the leaves on the overground part of the plant are yellow, the plant grows slowly, the root system of the underground part grows with root nodules, and part of the large root nodules are rotten, and the plant is judged to be infected with the root-knot nematode.
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CN113287454A (en) * 2021-04-15 2021-08-24 冯传荣 Method for improving root rot disease control effect of greenhouse tomatoes by means of frame-falling ridging

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