AU2021100487A4 - A yield increase method of continuous cropping cucurbit crops by stimulating root growth - Google Patents
A yield increase method of continuous cropping cucurbit crops by stimulating root growth Download PDFInfo
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- AU2021100487A4 AU2021100487A4 AU2021100487A AU2021100487A AU2021100487A4 AU 2021100487 A4 AU2021100487 A4 AU 2021100487A4 AU 2021100487 A AU2021100487 A AU 2021100487A AU 2021100487 A AU2021100487 A AU 2021100487A AU 2021100487 A4 AU2021100487 A4 AU 2021100487A4
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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Abstract
The invention relates to a yield increase method of continuous cropping cucurbit crops by
stimulating root growth, which comprises the following steps: The first step is to determine if
the cucurbit is infected with a soil-borne disease especially at the fruiting or ripening stage.
Then, lowering the seedlings of the infected cucurbit crop and burying their stems. Applying
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens or Bacillus lichenformis with the rooting hormone to the buried
stems in order to stimulate the growth of health roots from the buried node and the stem of the
infected plant. About 8-15 days after the treatment of the buried the stem, white hairy roots
with absorption function begin to appear at the newly buried part of the stem,especially in the
buried node, and the roots function of absorbing water and fertilizer will be greatly improved.
At this time, even the sunlight is strong, it is not necessary to use the shading net to avoid
wilting, thus the plant can absorb sufficient nutrients for plant growth and fruits expansion to
ensure the normal maturity of the fruits.
Description
A yield increase method of continuous cropping cucurbit crops by stimulating
root growth
[01] The invention relates to a yield increase method of continuous cropping cucurbit crops by stimulating root growth, which belongs to the field of agricultural cultivation technology.
[02] Watermelon and muskmelon are popular fruits which are one of the most important cash crops for farmers. However, if watermelon and muskmelon are cultivated for more than 3 years in the same field, the diseases will increase significantly and the yield and quality of watermelon and muskmelon will decrease significantly.
[03] In 2016, protected vegetable cultivation area exceeded 3.91 million hectares in China, Facility vegetable has become the most dynamic emerging industry in China's agricultural production, which has played a huge role in the construction of China's vegetable basket project. However, facility vegetables have the characteristics of highly intensive, high multiple cropping index and single species in protected field. Continuous cropping for many years has resulted in a series of adverse phenomena, such as deterioration of soil environment, serious vegetable diseases and insect pests, reduction of yield and deterioration of vegetable quality, which seriously threaten the sustainable development of facility vegetable production. Continuous cropping obstacle has become a major technical problem to be solved in vegetable cultivation and production
[04] Continuous cropping of watermelon/muskmelon in protected facilities will lead to the aggravation of a series of diseases, especially the soil-borne diseases such as root rot disease, root-knot nematode disease and wilt disease.The incidence of such diseases in greenhouses in winter or in early spring is particularly high.
[05] The increase of pathogens in continuous cropping field lead to the continuous cropping obstacle, and the physiological diseases aggravate the occurrence of soil-borne diseases For example, watering in the low temperature season in winter or before the cold current or in the high temperature season in summer, too much water under the film is easy to cause macerating root; and too high chemical fertilizer concentration or the organic fertilizer not decomposed completely also cause root damage; The most common situation is that the degree of soil salinization is increasing year by year, which is easy to cause root damage. Although these conditions are physiological diseases initially, the roots are easily infected by pathogen in the soil after physiological damage and become soil-borne diseases such as root rot and Fusarium wilt.
[06] As the occurrence and spread of these diseases are in the underground parts, the plants are younger at the beginning of the diseases infection, with little fruit load or fruit, and the burden of plant consumption and nutrition delivery to the fruit is little, so even if root rot occurs, it is impossible to judge only by observing above the ground at the beginning. However, when the fruit expands or matures, the external temperature rises, the evaporation in the greenhouse increases, and the transpiration of the plant increases. In addition to the increased nutrient consumption of the plant itself, the fruit expands and matures with a large amount of water and nutrients. At this time, the burden on the root system increases, and the root system of the infected plant cannot meet the normal water and nutrient needs of the plant, and the aerial part gradually wilts. Most of the wilted plants or roots have rotted, and the best time for treatment has been lost, or the vascular bundles have become brown and blocked. At this time, root irrigation with medicine has little effect, and the fruits are no longer swollen and cannot mature normally, which seriously affects the yield and quality of crops and fruits, resulting in no commercial value.
[07] For example, in the spring of 2017, watermelons in Renfeng Town, an traditional watermelon planting area in Jiyang area, Jinan City, had the problems of wilting plants, not expanding fruits and incorrect fruit types. watermelons that should have matured for more than 40 days still failed to reach maturity standards for more than 50 days. The taste is poor, and the loss of each shed is more than 10,000 yuan or even more.
[08] For root rot caused by the above-mentioned physiological damage or directly pathological root rot or root knot nematode, which is not easily detected at an early stage and only becomes apparent when the fruit is expanding or ripening, the fruit no longer expands and does not ripen properly, for which there is no remedy.
[09] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the invention provides a yield increase method of continuous cropping cucurbit crops by stimulating root growth.
[010] The method of the invention is an effective rescue method for continuous cropping cucurbit crops in the middle and late growth period, fruit expansion and ripening process, because of root rot or root knot nematode disease and other root diseases, plants will wilt, the control effect of pesticide root irrigation will be poor, and the fruit can not mature normally. With this method, not only the yield of fruit farmers can be guaranteed, but also the quality and safety of fruit can be ensured without chemical pesticides.
[011] Technical scheme:
[012] (1) Determine if the cucurbit is infected with a soil-borne disease at the fruiting or ripening stage.
[013] (2) Lowering the seedlings of the infected cucurbit crop and burying their stems.
[014] (3) Applying Bacillus amyloliquefaciens or Bacillus lichenformis and the rooting agent to the stems just buried in order to stimulate the growth of health roots from the stem of the infected plant.
[015] Preferably, the following specific methods of judgment:
[016] When the soil in the greenhouse is not short of water, if the plants wilt one after another, and on the premise of excluding the underground pests, it can be preliminarily determined that the root of the plant is seriously damaged.
[017] Further, for the plants with serious root damage, they wilt at the beginning when the light is strong at noon, and return to normal sooner or later. After that, the wilting time becomes longer and longer. It is preliminarily determined that the roots have been infected by soil borne diseases.
[018] For plants that show wilting at midday and return to normal in the morning and evening, pull out the roots and observe them for signs of insect bites to exclude underground pests. If the root system is reddish brown or black, unfold the vascular bundle. If there is no discoloration and it does not spread to the above ground, it is judged that root rot has occurred. If the vascular bundles turn yellow and spread to the above ground, it is judged that they are infected with Fusarium wilt.
[019] If the above ground leaves of the plant turn yellow, the plant grows slowly, the underground roots are covered with nodules, and some of the large nodules have rotted, it is determined that the plant is infected with root knot nematode.
[020] Furthermore, in step (2), after the seedling is lowered, the stem of the plant in contact with the soil should have 1-2 nodes.
[021] The seedlings to be lowered should be set between two plants in the same row.
[022] As fore the treatment of seedling lowering and stem burying, the stem length of soil contacted plant should be less than or equal to the distance between two plants, and the stem length of soil contacted plant should be 10-20cm.
[023] The thickness of covering soil is 5-8cm, and the covering soil is loose and breathable.
[024] After the treatment of lowering the seedlings and burying the stems, the shading net should be arranged to reduce transpiration loss.
[025] Furthermore, in step (3), the dosage of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens root irrigation should be between 100 trillion spores and 500 trillion/hm 2 . The dosage of Bacillus lichenformis root irrigation is between 100 trillion spores and 1000 trillion /hm 2 .
[026] The method for increasing root yield of continuous cropping cucurbit crops according to claim 1 is characterized in that in step (3), the rooting agent is NAA with concentration of 0.1-0.5mg/l or indole butyric acid with concentration of 0.1-1.5mg/l or indole acetic acid with concentration of 0.1-1.5mg/l. The dosage of rooting agent is 100-400ml per plant.
[027] If plant wilting occurs in the shed, on the premise of excluding the underground pests, it is necessary to consider the root problems of plants. Whether it is caused by physiological reasons at the initial stage, by pathogens at the later stage or directly by pathogens, once the symptoms of wilting appear in the upper ground, the damage degree of the underground root system is relatively large. At this time, root irrigation may have a preventive effect on the plants without wilting, but for the plants with wilting, due to the increase of soil moisture, the soil permeability becomes poor, which is not conducive to the control of the disease, but also may aggravate the disease. The wilting caused by root knot nematode disease is also caused by the decay of underground roots, and root irrigation does not work. Therefore, the existing root irrigation treatment methods are not conducive to the control of wilting plants.
[028] Beneficial effects:
[029] About 8-15 days after the treatment of lowing the seedling and burying the stem, white hairy roots with absorption function begins to appear at the newly buried part of the stem, and the plant's function of absorbing water and fertilizer will be greatly improved. At this time, even in the noon when the sunlight is strong, it is not necessary to use the shading net to provide shelter, and the plant can absorb sufficient nutrients for plant growth and fruit expansion to ensure the normal maturity of the fruit. Moreover, this method is not only limited to cucurbit crops, but also suitable for tomato of Solanaceous crops.
[030] The invention will be further explained through specific examples, but not limited to this.
[031] The raw materials used in the Example are conventional market products.
[032] Example 1
[033] The method for increasing root yield of continuous cropping cucurbit crops in this example, which comprises the following steps:
[034] For the plants that wilt in succession, they wilt at the beginning only when the light is strong at noon, and return to normal sooner or later, and then wilt longer and longer, they are judged to have been infected by soil borne diseases.
[035] For the plants that show wilting at noon and return to normal in the morning and evening, pull out the root system of the plants to observe whether there is any trace of insect bite, so as to rule out whether the disease is caused by underground pests; If the root system is reddish brown or black, the vascular bundle is cut open, and if it does not change color and spread to the upper part of the ground, it is judged that root rot has occurred; If the vascular bundle turns yellow and spreads to the upper part of the ground, it is judged to be infected with Fusarium wilt; If the aboveground leaves of the plant are yellow, the plant grows slowly, the root system of the underground part is covered with nodules and some large nodules have rotted, it is judged that the root-knot nematode is infected.
[036] The seedlings of the cucurbit crop infected with the soil-bome disease are treated by lowering the seedlings and burying the stems, while the detail is as follows: the seedlings of the cucurbit crop are slowly dropped between two plants in the same row and in contact with the soil, the stems of the plants in contact with the soil are covered with soil, and the stems of the plants in contact with the soil are ensured to have 1 node, the thickness of the soil cover is 8 cm, after the seedling burying treatment the plants are covered with a shade net to reduce the transpiration water loss of the plants.
[037] The stem parts of newly buried plants are irrigated with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and naphthylacetic acid to promote new roots at stem nodes and achieve the purpose of promoting roots of diseased cucurbit crops; The dosage of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens should be 100 trillion spores500 trillion/hm 2, the concentration of naphthylacetic acid is 0.1-0.5mg/l, and the dosage is 150-250ml.
[038] Example 2
[039] The method for increasing root yield of continuous cropping cucurbit crops here is different from Example 1 in the following points:
[040] In step (2), the stem of the seedling lowered which is in contact with the soil should be ensured to have two nodes, and the thickness of soil for covering is 8cm.
[041] In step (3), the stem parts of newly buried plants are irrigated with Bacillus lichenformis and indoleacetic acid, with the dosage of 100 trillion spores~1000 trillion /hm 2, the concentration of 0.1-1.5mg/l and the dosage of 150-250mL
[042] Comparative example 1
[043] The method for increasing root yield of continuous cropping cucurbit crops in this example is carried out according to the existing method, that is, root irrigation with drugs. Generally, root irrigation with 600 times solution of 70% thiophanate methyl and 500 times solution of Dodine is adopted.
[044] Comparative example 2
[045] The method for increasing root yield of continuous cropping cucurbit crops in this example is the same as Comparative example 1 except that in this method, only the seedlings are lowered and the stems are buried, without the treatment in step (3).
[046] Experimental example
[047] Four different treatment methods of example 1-2 and proportion 1-2 were used to control the soil borne disease of watermelon in the same area and at the same period, and the control results were investigated. The results are as follows in Table 1:
[048] Table 1 Effects of different treatments on quality and yield of watermelon infected with soil borne diseases
Item watermelon Plants cucurbits Average Yield of Central variety per per plant weight of watermelon sugar acre single per acre content cucurbit (Kg) (%) (Kg) Example 1 Xiaolan 2800 1 1.4 3920 12.1 Example 2 Xiaolan 2800 1 1.5 4200 12.2 Comparative Xiaolan 2800 1 0.8 2240 10.81 Example 1 Comparative Xiaolan 2800 1 0.8 2240 9.8 Example 2
[049] It can be seen from the above table 1 that the treatment methods of Example 1 and Example 2 of the invention can effectively avoid the harm of soil bome diseases on the quality and yield of watermelon. The fruit can expand and mature normally, which can ensure the weight of single cucurbit and yield per mu, as well as the taste and sugar content of the fruit. Meanwhile, no chemical pesticides are applied and the safety of the product can be ensured.
[050] Although the invention has been described with reference to specific examples, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention may be embodied in many other forms, in keeping with the broad principles and the spirit of the invention described herein.
[051] The present invention and the described embodiments specifically include the best method known to the applicant of performing the invention. The present invention and the described preferred embodiments specifically include at least one feature that is industrially applicable
Claims (10)
1. The method for increasing root yield of continuous cropping cucurbit crops is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
(1) Determine if the cucurbit is infected with a soil-borne disease at the fruiting or ripening stage.
(2) Lowering the seedlings of the infected cucurbit crop and burying their stems.
(3) Applying Bacillus amyloliquefaciens or Bacillus lichenformis and the rooting agent to the stems just buried in order to stimulate the growth of health roots from the stem of the infected plant.
2. The method for increasing root yield of continuous cropping cucurbit crops according to claim 1 is characterized in the following specific methods of judgment:
When the soil in the greenhouse is not short of water, if the plants wilt one after another, and on the premise of excluding the underground pests, it can be preliminarily determined that the root of the plant is seriously damaged.
3. The method for increasing root yield of continuous cropping cucurbit crops according to claim 2 is characterized in the following content:
For the plants with serious root damage, they wilt at the beginning when the light is strong at noon, and return to normal sooner or later. After that, the wilting time becomes longer and longer. It is preliminarily determined that the roots have been infected by soil borne diseases.
For plants that show wilting at midday and return to normal in the morning and evening, pull out the roots and observe them for signs of insect bites to exclude underground pests. If the root system is reddish brown or black, unfold the vascular bundle. If there is no discoloration and it does not spread to the above ground, it is judged that root rot has occurred. If the vascular bundles turn yellow and spread to the above ground, it is judged that they are infected with Fusarium wilt.
If the above ground leaves of the plant turn yellow, the plant grows slowly, the underground roots are covered with nodules, and some of the large nodules have rotted, it is determined that the plant is infected with root knot nematode.
4. The method for increasing root yield of continuous cropping cucurbit crops according to claim 1 is characterized in that in step (2), after the seedling is lowered, the stem of the plant in contact with the soil should have 1-2 nodes.
5. The method for increasing root yield of continuous cropping cucurbit crops according to claim 1 is characterized in that in step (2), the seedlings to be lowered should be set between two plants in the same row.
6. The method for increasing root yield of continuous cropping cucurbit crops according to claim 1 is characterized in that in step (2), as fore the treatment of seedling lowering and stem burying, the stem length of soil contacted plant should be less than or equal to the distance between two plants, and the stem length of soil contacted plant should be 10-20cm.
7. The method for increasing root yield of continuous cropping cucurbit crops according to claim 1 is characterized in that in step (2), the thickness of covering soil is -8cm, and the covering soil is loose and breathable.
8. The method for increasing root yield of continuous cropping cucurbit crops according to claim 1 is characterized in that in step (2), after the treatment of lowering the seedlings and burying the stems, the shading net should be arranged to reduce transpiration loss.
9. The method for increasing root yield of continuous cropping cucurbit crops according to claim 1 is characterized in that in step (3), the dosage of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens root irrigation should be between 100 trillion spores and 500 trillion/hm 2. The dosage of Bacillus lichenformis root irrigation is between 100 trillion spores and 1000 trillion /hm2 .
10. The method for increasing root yield of continuous cropping cucurbit crops according to claim 1 is characterized in that in step (3), the rooting agent is NAA with concentration of 0.1-0.5mg/l or indole butyric acid with concentration of 0.1-1.5mg/l or indole acetic acid with concentration of 0.1-1.5mg/l. The dosage of rooting agent is
100-400ml per plant.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113248329A (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2021-08-13 | 山东丰本生物科技股份有限公司 | Microbial fertilizer with continuous cropping resistance effect and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114804949A (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2022-07-29 | 漯河市盛粮生物科技有限公司 | Composite microbial inoculum for promoting crop rooting |
-
2021
- 2021-01-26 AU AU2021100487A patent/AU2021100487A4/en not_active Ceased
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113248329A (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2021-08-13 | 山东丰本生物科技股份有限公司 | Microbial fertilizer with continuous cropping resistance effect and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114804949A (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2022-07-29 | 漯河市盛粮生物科技有限公司 | Composite microbial inoculum for promoting crop rooting |
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