CN111990160B

CN111990160B - Fish net type cultivation method for wild orchid mushrooms

Info

Publication number: CN111990160B
Application number: CN202010781124.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张君
Original assignee: Jiangmen City Awesome Biotechnology Co ltd
Current assignee: Jiangmen City Awesome Biotechnology Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-08-06
Filing date: 2020-08-06
Publication date: 2022-04-15
Anticipated expiration: 2040-08-06
Also published as: CN111990160A

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for planting wild orchid mushrooms, which comprises the steps of screening wild orchid mushroom mother seeds to obtain stock seeds; planting the screened stock seeds on a culture medium for culture to obtain cultivated seeds; planting the screened cultivars on a planting culture medium for culturing; and (5) covering soil and cultivating until fruiting. The method provides a scientific and reasonable growth and cultivation environment for the orchid mushrooms, and is easy to popularize. The orchid mushroom cultivated by the method has the advantages of simple technology, low investment, short tide change period and high benefit, the biological efficiency is up to 120%, and only 8 days are needed for seeding and selling commodities.

Description

Fish net type cultivation method for wild orchid mushrooms

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of orchid mushroom planting, and particularly relates to a fish net type cultivation method for wild orchid mushrooms.

Background

The wild orchidized mushrooms are high-temperature straw rotting mushrooms, are tender in meat quality, crisp, smooth and tasty, delicious in taste, rich in nutrition and high in health care value, and are high-quality and rare edible mushrooms. The product is popular with consumers in the market regardless of fresh mushroom, dry product or can.

The orchid mushroom cultivation raw material is very wide, and cotton seed shells, waste cotton, wheat straws, corn straws, beanstalks, edible fungus waste materials, livestock and poultry manure and the like can be utilized. The duck and chicken raising greenhouses can be used for cultivation indoors, outdoors, in fields and in pig raising greenhouses. At present, cultivation in all seasons is adopted along with the technical innovation revolution, and greenhouse cultivation and plastic greenhouse cultivation are mainly utilized.

The technical bottleneck of the traditional industrial production of orchid mushrooms is that firstly, the production period is long, and the turnover rate of the factory mushroom house is limited because the traditional orchid mushrooms are 20-25 days. Secondly, the bed cultivation or heap cultivation burnt mushroom produced in the same field period has high pollution rate, the general pollution rate is 15-20%, and particularly, the mixed mushrooms appear. Thirdly, the heat preservation and the moisture preservation are certainly difficult to carry out the bed cultivation or the pile cultivation in a closed room, the artificial light is difficult to meet, and the ventilation condition is poor. And fourthly, the energy cost of industrial mushroom production is high, temperature difference stimulation is required for temperature change and bacterium formation, and the air-conditioning electricity cost is high. In addition, the wheat is selected as the culture material for the conventional stock and cultivated species, and the following defects can be caused, namely, the wheat is easy to boil and bloom in the boiling process; secondly, the high-temperature sterilization is not thorough and is easy to infect mould and yeast; thirdly, the pests and mice are easy to damage and the bacteria easily infect in the cultivation; fourthly, the cost is high, the seeding is not uniform during the seeding, and the culture material is easily invaded by the mixed bacteria. Therefore, a method for cultivating wild orchid mushrooms with high yield, which can overcome the technical defects of the existing cultivation methods, is urgently needed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the technical defects of traditional orchid mushroom planting and provides a novel net type cultivation method for wild orchid mushrooms.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

the invention aims at providing a method for planting wild orchid mushrooms, which comprises the following steps:

s1, separating and planting a wild orchid mushroom tissue on a culture medium A, transplanting the wild orchid mushroom tissue on a culture medium B, rejuvenating and screening to obtain a mother strain;

s2, planting the mother seeds on a culture medium C for culture to obtain stock seeds, and planting the stock seeds on a culture medium D again for culture to obtain cultivated seeds;

s3, planting the screened cultivars on a planting culture material for culturing;

and S4, covering soil for cultivation until fruiting.

Preferably, according to the method of the first aspect of the present invention, the screening method of the wild orchid mushroom mother strain in step S1 is a genetic isolation method.

Specifically, the selection criteria of the mother seeds in step S1 are to select a nine-stage mature mushroom with a bottom of mushroom bed without infectious microbes and viruses, and with early fruiting, dense and clustered mushroom or single-grown and neat mushroom, and big and white mushroom.

Specifically, the strain is separated, screened, purified, rejuvenated and cultivated under aseptic operation as a mother strain.

More specifically, after the mother seeds are purified through multiple fruiting tests, hypha which is fast in material eating recovery, early in fruiting, large and uniform in size and fast in moisture transfer is selected as the mother seeds according to test results to be subjected to expanding grafting.

Preferably, the medium a in step S1 includes: 1000 mL of orchid mushroom water extract, 18-20g of glucose and 25-30g of agar.

Preferably, the formulation of the culture medium B for the rejuvenation screening in step S1 is: 250g of potato 200-.

More preferably, the formula of the culture medium B is as follows: 230g of potato, 19g of glucose, 16g of peptone, 1.2g of magnesium sulfate, 1.7g of monopotassium phosphate, a small amount of vitamin B1, 28g of agar and 1100mL of distilled water.

Preferably, according to the method of the first aspect of the present invention, the cultivation medium C in step S2 comprises, in weight percent: 80-85% of cotton seed hulls, 10-12% of bran, 2-5% of corn flour, 1% of phosphate fertilizer, 1% of gypsum, 1% of white sugar and 0.1-0.2% of bactericide.

Further, the cotton seed hulls are pre-wetted and piled for 3 days by using 3% lime, the piles are turned for 1 time every day, auxiliary materials are added during the last pile turning, and the cotton seed hulls are uniformly stirred, preferably fresh high-quality cotton seed hulls without mildew.

Further, the culture medium is mixed up and down after being piled for 12 hours after the water content of the culture medium is about 60%.

More preferably, the bactericide is carbendazim, i.e. N- (2-benzimidazolyl) -methyl carbamate, the concentration of which is 0.1-0.2%.

Preferably, according to the method of the first aspect of the present invention, the cultivation medium D in step S2 includes, in percentage by weight: 80-85% of cotton seed hulls, 10-12% of bran, 2-5% of corn flour, 1% of phosphate fertilizer, 1% of gypsum, 1% of white sugar and 0.1-0.2% of bactericide; adding urea, stirring, and fermenting to remove ammonia.

Namely, the culture medium D is added with urea on the basis of the culture medium C, and is stirred uniformly and then is piled up for fermentation and ammonia removal.

Further, 0.2% urea was added to culture medium D.

Further, adding 0.2% urea into the culture medium D, stirring, fermenting in a heap, removing ammonia by turning over the heap for three to four times, placing into a wide-mouth bottle, keeping constant temperature at 100 deg.C under high pressure for 2 hr, cooling, and inoculating the stock.

More specifically, dissolving urea in boiled water for ten minutes, adding the dissolved urea into culture material of a cultivated species, uniformly mixing, stacking, sealing, fermenting for 2 days, uniformly mixing up and down, adding auxiliary materials, stacking a garden point shape, sealing, continuously fermenting, uniformly mixing up and down, adjusting the water content of the culture material to be sixty percent and the pH value to be 8.5, stacking for 4 hours, uniformly mixing, bottling, sterilizing, inoculating and culturing.

Preferably, according to the method of the first aspect of the present invention, the stock is incubated at a temperature of 22-36 ℃ for 18-40 days in step S2.

Preferably, according to the method of the first aspect of the present invention, the cultivar is incubated at a temperature of 22-36 ℃ for 18-40 days in step S2.

More preferably, the fungus age of the strain selection is not more than 20 days, the bottle wall hyphae often have knots, namely brownish red water, the best is 12 days, and the optimal cultivation temperature for hyphae growth is 36 ℃;

preferably, according to the method of the first aspect of the present invention, the cultivation medium in step S3 is made of the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of corncob, 10-15 parts of waste cotton linter, 10-12 parts of bran, 2-3 parts of corn flour, 5-8 parts of animal manure, 1.2-2 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 1.2-2 parts of gypsum and 0.2 part of urea.

More preferably, the planting compost is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of corncobs, 12 parts of waste cotton linters, 11 parts of bran, 2 parts of corn flour, 7 parts of animal manure, 2 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 2 parts of gypsum and 0.2 part of urea.

Furthermore, the corncobs and the waste cotton velvet raw materials are soaked in strong alkaline stone-generating water.

Specifically, the corn cob is high-quality mildew-free dry corn cob.

More specifically, the corn cob is sun-dried for 2-3 days, and then soaked and fermented for 4-6 days by adding 40-50% of quicklime into water until no white core exists in the corn cob, preferably for 5 days.

Specifically, the waste cotton velvet is a mildew-free waste cotton velvet raw material.

More specifically, the waste cotton velvet is exposed to the sun for 2-4 days until the waste cotton velvet is loose, soaked in 3-4% of quicklime for 6-8 hours, filtered to remove excessive water, and fermented in a closed manner for 8-12 days.

The waste cotton velvet is exposed to the sun preferably for 3 days, and soaked in 3-4% of quicklime preferably for 12 hours.

Furthermore, after the waste cotton velvet is soaked by the quicklime, the waste cotton velvet is fished, framed, treaded and filtered to remove excessive moisture, covered by a plastic film and fermented in a totally-closed way, preferably for 10 days.

Further, the preparation method of the planting compost comprises the following steps: turning over every three days during the preparation period of the waste cotton velvet, and completely spreading the waste cotton velvet to be subjected to solarization and rain-rain forbidding; when the cotton is sunned for the second time, according to the plan of the total amount of the cultivation material, adding the auxiliary material animal manure, uniformly stirring, mixing with the waste cotton wool, and fermenting; and (3) adding 10-12% of bran, 2-3% of corn flour, 1.2-2% of phosphate fertilizer and 1.2-2% of gypsum into the mixture on the 8-12 th day of fermentation, uniformly mixing, fermenting for 10-14 hours, and adjusting the water content and the pH value of the planting culture material.

Wherein, the proportion of the animal manure is 5-8%; the livestock manure is preferably cow manure, chicken manure or pig manure and is used for drying in the sun; the phosphate fertilizer is preferably calcium superphosphate.

The water content of the planting compost is preferably 65-70%, and the pH value is preferably 8.

Preferably, according to the method of the first aspect of the present invention, the soil-covered cultivation in step S4 is performed by loading the soil-covered cultivation raw material onto a mushroom cultivation rack, sealing for steam sterilization, maintaining at 100 ℃ for more than 3 hours, cooling, windowing and ventilating to about 38 ℃, spreading the material and sowing.

Specifically, the paving and sowing method comprises the following steps: laying a layer of fish net, laying sterilized newspaper or grass paper on the fish net, thinly spreading a layer of waste cotton velvet, then spreading a layer of strain, covering a layer of soil on the strain, placing a layer of corncob on the soil, arranging until the corncob is seamless, uniformly spreading a layer of strain, continuously laying 3-4 layers of corncob and strain combination, spreading a layer of waste cotton velvet, then spreading a layer of strain, compacting by using sterilized wood board, then spreading a layer of soil, and covering the bed surface by using sterilized plastic film.

Wherein, the waste cotton linter is mixed and treated by auxiliary materials, and the auxiliary materials comprise: bran, corn flour, animal manure, phosphate fertilizer and gypsum.

More specifically, the culture temperature is maintained between 34-37 ℃; when the hypha tip enters reproduction and transformation respectively to generate white points and small mushroom buds, the fruiting temperature range is adjusted to be 28-32 ℃.

More specifically, small holes are randomly punched on the fishnet paper on the bottom surface of the mushroom bed, so that waste cotton and hyphae are exposed, and the fruiting amount is increased.

And further, spraying mushroom pressing water on the top surface and the bottom surface of the mushroom bed until white spots and small mushroom buds appear on the next day, then increasing ventilation until the moisture on the material surface is not adhered to the hands, and stopping ventilation.

Furthermore, the light stimulation is adjusted for 0.5-2 hours every day, the temperature is kept between 28-32 ℃, the hypha is promoted to be continuously transformed in the reproductive period to stimulate the formation of mushroom torpedo, and a large amount of small white-spot mushroom buds continuously appear on the bed surface along with warm-humid ventilation. Preferably, the water content of the culture material is 65-70%, and the air humidity is kept 85-90%.

More preferably, the seed is used in an amount of about 6 vials (750ml jars) of seed per 100 jin of material.

More preferably, the soil is vegetable fertilizer soil for home and garden planting, is in the form of index finger-sized particles, is added with quicklime, is mixed and repeatedly dried in the sun for 7-8 days, is sprayed with an insecticidal disinfectant, is sealed and piled, is soaked with lime water, and is used for standby after the water is drained and the soil is not stuck to the hands.

More preferably, 3-5% of quicklime is added into the soil; the insecticidal disinfectant is selected from trichlorfon, namely O, O-dimethyl- (2,2, 2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl) phosphonate.

More preferably, the mushroom pressing water is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 3-5 parts of bran, 2-3 parts of corn flour, 36-38 parts of clear water, 0.1-0.2 part of glucose, and 0.01-0.02 part of each of vitamin B1 and B2.

Further, the pH value of the mushroom pressing water is 7.2-7.7, and is preferably 7.5.

The preparation method of the mushroom pressing water comprises the following steps: 3-5 parts of bran and 2-3 parts of corn flour are respectively poured into an iron pot according to a certain proportion, 30 parts of clear water is added for soaking for a day and a night, the soaking liquid is boiled for 2 hours, filtered, the juice is taken, then 6-8 parts of cold boiled water, 0.1-0.2 part of glucose, 0.01-0.02 part of vitamin B1 and B2 are added respectively, and the PH value is adjusted to 7.2-7.7.

Preferably, according to the method of the first aspect of the present invention, the mushroom house used in cooperation with the method is a cubic structure with heat preservation function, wherein 3 layers of planting bed frames are respectively arranged on two opposite walls, and ventilation devices are respectively arranged on the other two opposite walls.

More preferably, the mushroom house is 3.2m long, 2.8m wide in total, 3.2m high, 0.65m wide in the middle of the sidewalk, 70cm high between the bottom layer and the ground, and 80cm apart for each layer.

Furthermore, each layer is connected by a fish net to form a cultivation area, two ends of each layer are provided with split windows, and the periphery is isolated into a heat preservation chamber by a foam board and a double-layer thick film.

Furthermore, a water spraying device is arranged in the mushroom house and can spray hot water; and a lighting device is arranged above each layer of planting frame.

The mushroom house has the design area of 10 square meters and the cultivation area of 8 square meters, and is welded by iron frames indoors, and the mushroom house is erected with three layers.

Preferably, according to the method of the first aspect of the invention, attention is also paid to pest control: firstly, removing weed and waste inside and outside a mushroom house or a greenhouse field, particularly ensuring the indoor environmental sanitation, deeply turning 20-25 cm of indoor cultivation soil and outdoor cultivation soil, and exposing selenium for 3-4 days; spraying 1000 times of insecticide vitex, dipterex raw powder 800-; solarizing corncob, waste cotton wool, etc. for 2-3 days, spraying pesticide once, adding pesticide when mixing, and adding 90% trichlorfon stock solution 20-30 ml per 50 kg; in the fruiting period, the prevention and control are strictly forbidden mainly by trapping and killing, the pest favorite materials are made into poison baits which are placed near a mushroom field to trap and kill the pests, or some baits are made to ensure that the pests lay eggs and crowd and then kill the pests regularly, and if the pests on the material surface are serious, 200 times of 400 times of dichlorvos can be used by combining water spraying for 1-2 times.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the invention provides a method for domesticating and planting wild orchid mushrooms, which is characterized in that selected cultivation materials are soaked in strong alkaline stone-like water containing high-quality corncobs and waste cotton linter raw materials, then all the raw materials are subjected to secondary steaming, indoor temperature rise is carried out, constant temperature fermentation is carried out for 2 hours at 100 ℃, and then a bedstead and fishnet type double-sided soil covering cultivation technical method is adopted. The biological organic compound fertilizer can effectively promote crops to absorb developed root systems, grow stably and evenly, increase yield stably, improve quality, improve soil and vegetable soil, preserve moisture and fertilizer, and has the capability of resisting diseases and insect pests. The method selects high-quality cultivation raw materials, meets the high-temperature and high-humidity growth environment of the orchid mushrooms after the corncobs and the cotton linters are subjected to strict special treatment and reach the standard, inhibits the growth of mixed bacteria and plant diseases and insect pests of the culture materials, promotes secondary fermentation cultivation, and has the biological efficiency as high as 120%; the cultivation period is short, and the technology is simple and easy to learn, and only 8 days are needed from sowing to commodity sale. The fruiting rate of the traditional planting method is only 30% (30 jin of orchid mushrooms are produced by 100 jin of culture materials), and the fruiting rate can reach 80-120% (80-120 jin of orchid mushrooms are produced by 100 jin of culture materials) by adopting the method.

The invention provides a scientific and reasonable growth and cultivation environment for the orchid mushroom and is a cultivation method which is easy to popularize. The orchid mushroom cultivated by the method has the advantages of simple technology, low investment, short tide change period and high benefit. The orchid mushroom is the shortest cultivation period of all edible mushrooms, can be cultivated all the year round, has wide raw material sources, particularly adopts the method of the invention, the fruiting body is rich in nutrient substances such as protein, polysaccharide, vitamins and the like after 8 days from sowing to fruiting of commercial products, has the growth period of 14 days, has the functions of reducing blood pressure, preventing and resisting cancers and inhibiting the growth of tumor cancers, and has very high economic value.

The invention also provides an optimal scheme for cultivating mushroom houses according to the growth particularity of the mushroom beads, the optimal environment is optimally designed for the mushroom cultivating houses, the cultivation area of each square meter per layer is 8, the cultivation areas are welded indoors by iron frames, the cultivation areas are divided into three layers, the left side and the right side are respectively provided with six layers, two sides are provided with oppositely opened windows, the peripheries are isolated into heat preservation chambers by using foam boards and double layers of thick films, and the production of the orchid mushrooms in four seasons is facilitated.

Detailed Description

In order to enhance the understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples, which are provided for the purpose of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

A method for planting wild orchid mushrooms comprises the following steps:

and S4, covering soil for cultivation until fruiting.

Specifically, S1, separating and planting the wild orchid mushroom tissue on a culture medium A, transplanting the wild orchid mushroom tissue on a culture medium B, rejuvenating and screening to obtain a mother strain

The screening method of the wild orchid mushroom mother strain is a gene separation method. Selecting nine-mature mushroom with bottom of mushroom bed without infectious microbes and virus, early fruiting, dense or neat mushroom, and large and white mushroom, separating, screening, purifying, rejuvenating and cultivating under aseptic operation as mother seed. After the mother seeds are purified by a plurality of times of fruiting tests, hypha is selected according to test results to be fast in material eating recovery, early in fruiting, large and uniform in size and fast in moisture transfer to serve as the mother seeds for expanding grafting.

The formula of the culture medium A in the step S1 is as follows: 1000 mL of orchid mushroom water extract, 18-20g of glucose and 25-30g of agar.

The formula of the culture medium B during rejuvenation cultivation is as follows: 250g of potato 200-.

In this example, 230g of potato, 19g of glucose, 16g of peptone, 1.2g of magnesium sulfate, 1.7g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, a small amount of vitamin B1, 28g of agar and 1100mL of distilled water were selected.

S2, planting the mother seeds on a culture medium C for culture to obtain stock seeds, planting the stock seeds on a culture medium D again for culture to obtain cultivated seeds

The cultivation medium C comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 80-85% of cotton seed hulls, 10-12% of bran, 2-5% of corn flour, 1% of phosphate fertilizer, 1% of gypsum, 1% of white sugar and 0.1-0.2% of bactericide.

And the culture medium D is prepared by adding urea into the culture medium C, uniformly mixing with the main material, composting, fermenting, removing ammonia, inoculating the stock, and further domesticating to obtain a cultivated species.

Wherein the cotton seed hulls are pre-wetted and piled with 3% lime for 3 days, the piles are turned for 1 time every day, and auxiliary materials are added and mixed evenly when the piles are turned for the last time. And after the water content of the culture medium is about 60 percent, piling for 12 hours, and then uniformly stirring up and down.

The bactericide is carbendazim, namely N- (2-benzimidazolyl) -methyl carbamate, and the concentration of the bactericide is 0.1-0.2%.

In the embodiment, 0.2% of urea is added into a culture medium, the mixture is stirred evenly, piled and fermented, the stack is turned over for three to four times to remove ammonia, the mixture is filled into a wide-mouth bottle, the constant temperature is kept for 2 hours at the high pressure of 100 ℃, and the original seeds are inoculated after cooling. Incubating at 22-36 deg.C for 18-40 days. The strain selection fungus age is not more than 20 days, the bottle wall hyphae often have knots, namely brownish red, the best is 12 days, and the optimal cultivation temperature for the hyphae growth is 36 ℃.

S3, planting the screened cultivars on planting culture materials for culture

And (5) further domesticating and culturing the cultivated species in the step S2 to adapt to an artificial cultivation environment.

The planting compost is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of corncob, 10-15 parts of waste cotton linter, 10-12 parts of bran, 2-3 parts of corn flour, 5-8 parts of animal manure, 1.2-2 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 1.2-2 parts of gypsum and 0.2 part of urea.

More preferably, the planting compost is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of corncob, 12 parts of waste cotton linter, 11 parts of bran, 2 parts of corn flour, 7 parts of animal manure, 2 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 2 parts of gypsum and 0.2 part of urea

Wherein, the corncob and the waste cotton wool raw material are soaked in strong alkaline stone-generating water. The corncob is high-quality mildew-free dry corncob. Sun-drying the corn cob for 2-3 days, soaking and fermenting with 40-50% calcium lime in water for 4-6 days until there is no white core in the corn cob, preferably soaking and fermenting for 5 days.

Wherein the waste cotton velvet is a mildew-free waste cotton velvet raw material. The waste cotton velvet is exposed to the sun for 2-4 days until the waste cotton velvet is loose, and is soaked in 3-4% of quicklime for 6-8 hours, then the redundant water is filtered, and the waste cotton velvet is fermented in a closed manner for 8-12 days. The waste cotton wool is exposed to sunlight for 3 days, and soaked in 3-4% calcium lime for 12 hr. Soaking waste cotton velvet in quicklime, fishing, framing, treading, filtering to remove excessive water, covering with plastic film, and fermenting in a closed environment, preferably for 10 days.

The preparation method of the planting compost comprises the following steps: turning over every three days during the preparation period of the waste cotton velvet, and completely spreading the waste cotton velvet to be subjected to solarization and rain-rain forbidding; when the cotton is sunned for the second time, according to the plan of the total amount of the cultivation material, adding the auxiliary material animal manure, uniformly stirring, mixing with the waste cotton wool, and fermenting; 10-12% of bran, 2-3% of corn flour, 1.2-2% of phosphate fertilizer and 1.2-2% of gypsum are added on the 10 th day of fermentation, mixed and stirred uniformly, fermented for 10-14 hours, and the water content and the pH value of the planting compost are adjusted. Wherein, the animal manure is preferably cow manure, chicken manure or pig manure, and is dried in the sun, and the proportion of the animal manure is 5-8%; the phosphate fertilizer is preferably calcium superphosphate.

S4, earthing and cultivating till fruiting

The specific method of the soil-covering cultivation in the step S4 is that the raw materials of the soil-covering cultivation are moved to a mushroom house planting frame, the mushroom house planting frame is sealed for steam disinfection, the mushroom house planting frame is kept at 100 ℃ for more than 3 hours, the mushroom house planting frame is cooled, windowed and ventilated to about 38 ℃, and then the materials are spread and sowed.

Specifically, the paving and sowing method comprises the following steps: laying a layer of fish net, laying sterilized newspaper or grass paper on the fish net, thinly spreading a layer of waste cotton wool, then spreading a layer of strain, covering a layer of soil on the strain, placing a layer of corncob on the soil, arranging until the corncob is seamless, uniformly spreading a layer of strain, continuously laying 3 layers of corncob and strain, then spreading a layer of waste cotton wool, then spreading a layer of strain, compacting by using sterilized wood board, then spreading a layer of soil, and covering the bed surface with a sterilized plastic film.

The used waste cotton velvet is treated by auxiliary materials, and the auxiliary materials comprise: bran, corn flour, animal dung, phosphate fertilizer and gypsum

Namely, the method for covering soil sequentially comprises the following steps from bottom to top: a fish net, a layer of disinfected newspaper or grass paper, a layer of waste cotton wool, a layer of strain, a layer of soil, a layer of corncob, a layer of strain, a combination of 3 continuous layers of corncob and strain, a layer of waste cotton wool and auxiliary materials, a layer of strain, a layer of soil and a layer of plastic film.

Wherein the amount of the strains is about 6 bottles (750ml wide-mouth bottles) of strains per 100 jin of culture medium.

Covering soil, and maintaining the culture temperature at 34-37 deg.C; when the hypha tip enters reproduction and transformation respectively to generate white points and small mushroom buds, the fruiting temperature range is adjusted to be 28-32 ℃. Small holes can be punctured in the fish net paper on the bottom surface of the mushroom bed at will to expose waste cotton and hyphae, so that the fruiting amount is increased.

And spraying mushroom pressing water on the top surface and the bottom surface of the mushroom bed, increasing ventilation after spraying until the moisture soil on the material surface is not attached to hands, and stopping ventilation. The light stimulation is increased for 2 hours every day, the temperature is kept between 28 and 32 ℃, hypha is promoted to be converted continuously in a reproductive period to stimulate the formation of mushroom buds, and a large number of small white-spot mushroom buds continuously appear on the bed surface along with warm-humid ventilation. Preferably, the water content of the culture material is 65-70%, and the air humidity is kept 85-90%.

The soil is prepared by fertilizing vegetable in home and garden, forming into index finger-sized particles, adding quicklime, mixing, repeatedly sun drying in the sun for 7-8 days, spraying insecticide and disinfectant, sealing, stacking, soaking in lime water, and standing until the water is filtered to dry and the soil is not adhered to hands.

Adding 3-5% of quicklime into the soil; the insecticide disinfectant is a tablet of chlorfenapyr.

The mushroom pressing water is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 3-5 parts of bran, 2-3 parts of corn flour, 36-38 parts of clear water, 0.1-0.2 part of glucose, and 0.01-0.02 part of each of vitamin B1 and B2; the pH value is 7.2-7.7, preferably 7.5.

The whole production flow is divided into two parts:

1. the main material flow is the preparation of corn core rod compost → solarization → soaking → filtration → house entering → stacking → heating → secondary fermentation → cooling → ventilation → material catching → seeding → compaction → spawning → fruiting water → ventilation → temperature control wet light → fruiting management → finished product harvesting → selling;

2. and (3) auxiliary material flow: the method comprises the steps of waste cotton linter solarization → soaking → salvage → boxing → compaction → sealing with a film → fermentation for three days → solarization → stacking → sealing with a film → fermentation for two days → turning over and solarizing for one day → adding auxiliary materials of dry animal manure (the water content of the dry animal manure is 60 percent in total pre-wetting), → stacking and sealing for fermentation for 2 days → turning over and solarizing for → adding corn flour and bran, phosphate fertilizer, gypsum and the like which are pre-wetted respectively (the water content is not more than 60 percent) and the waste cotton linter animal manure are uniformly mixed → stacking and sealing for fermentation for one night → second morning nine o 'clock turning over again (if the water content of the culture materials exceeds seventy percent, the sun drying and the evaporation of the excessive water are increased), collecting all the raw materials at sixty o' clock, mixing, stacking and sealing for fermentation for about 12 hours → then turning over and mixing the pH value for insecticidal and sealing for about twelve hours → second turning over and pushing off and moving the medicinal air to the mushroom house for secondary fermentation.

In addition, attention is also paid to pest control: firstly, removing weed and waste inside and outside a mushroom house or a greenhouse field, particularly ensuring the indoor environmental sanitation, deeply turning 20-25 cm of indoor cultivation soil and outdoor cultivation soil, and exposing selenium for 3-4 days; spraying 1000 times of insecticide vitex, dipterex raw powder 800-; solarizing corncob, waste cotton wool, etc. for 2-3 days, spraying pesticide once, adding pesticide when mixing, and adding 90% trichlorfon stock solution 20-30 ml per 50 kg; in the fruiting period, the prevention and control are strictly forbidden mainly by trapping and killing, the pest favorite materials are made into poison baits which are placed near a mushroom field to trap and kill the pests, or some baits are made to ensure that the pests lay eggs and crowd and then kill the pests regularly, and if the pests on the material surface are serious, 200 times of 400 times of dichlorvos can be used by combining water spraying for 1-2 times.

The fruiting rate of the traditional planting method is only 30% (30 jin of orchid mushrooms are produced by 100 jin of culture materials), and the fruiting rate can reach 80-120% (80-120 jin of orchid mushrooms are produced by 100 jin of culture materials) by adopting the method.

Example 2

The mushroom house used in cooperation with the cultivation method in example 1 is a cubic structure having a heat preservation function, the design area of the mushroom house is 10 square meters, the cultivation area is 8 square meters, wherein 3 layers of planting bed frames are respectively arranged on two opposite walls, the planting bed frames are welded by iron frames, the planting bed frames are arranged in 3 layers in height, and ventilation devices are respectively arranged on the other two opposite walls. The length of the mushroom house is 3.2m, the total width is 2.8m, the height is 3.2m, the width of the sidewalk left in the middle is 0.65m, the height of the bottom layer and the ground is 70cm, and the interval distance between each layer is 80 cm. Each layer is connected by a fish net to form a cultivation area, two ends of each layer are provided with split windows, and the periphery is isolated into a heat preservation chamber by a foam film plate and a double-layer thick film.

In addition, a water spraying device is arranged in the mushroom house and can spray hot water; and a lighting device is arranged above each layer of planting frame.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for planting wild orchid mushrooms comprises the following steps:

s4, covering soil and cultivating until fruiting;

the screening method of the wild orchid mushroom mother strain in the step S1 is a gene separation method;

the planting compost in the step S3 is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of corncobs, 10-15 parts of waste cotton linters, 10-12 parts of bran, 2-3 parts of corn flour, 5-8 parts of animal manure, 1.2-2 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 1.2-2 parts of gypsum and 0.2 part of urea;

the corncob is subjected to fermentation treatment, and the fermentation treatment process comprises the following steps: sun-drying corn cob for 2-3 days, soaking with 40-50% calcium lime in water, and fermenting for 4-6 days until there is no white core in the corn cob;

the preparation process of the planting compost in the step S3 is as follows: exposing the waste cotton velvet to the sun for 2-4 days until the waste cotton velvet is loose, soaking the waste cotton velvet in 3-4% of quicklime for 6-8 hours, filtering excessive water, and adding animal manure for totally closed fermentation for 8-12 days; after fermenting for 8-10 days, adding 10-12% of bran, 5-6% of corn flour, 1.5-2% of phosphate fertilizer and 1.5-2% of gypsum, mixing uniformly, fermenting for 10-14 hours, and adjusting the water content and pH value of the planting compost;

the method for covering soil in the step S4 sequentially comprises the following steps from bottom to top: a fishing net, sterilized newspaper or straw paper, waste cotton linters, strains, soil, corncobs, strains, a combination of the strains, the waste cotton linters, the strains, the soil and a plastic film which are stacked on 3 to 4 layers of corn core layers continuously;

small holes are punctured in the fishing net paper on the bottom surface of the mushroom bed, so that waste cotton velvet and hyphae are exposed.

2. A planting method according to claim 1, wherein the mother culture in step S1 is selected according to the selection criteria of selecting a bottom sterile and virus-free bed surface of mushroom bed, and having nine-stage mature mushroom with early fruiting, dense and neat mushroom or single growing and white mushroom.

3. A planting method according to claim 1, wherein the medium a in step S1 includes: 1000-1200mL of orchid mushroom water extract, 18-20g of glucose and 25-30g of agar; the culture medium B comprises: 250g of potato 200-.

4. A planting method according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation medium C in step S2 comprises, in weight percent: 80-85% of cotton seed hulls, 10-12% of bran, 2-5% of corn flour, 1% of phosphate fertilizer, 1% of gypsum, 1% of white sugar and 0.1-0.2% of bactericide; and the culture medium D is added with urea on the basis of the culture medium C, and is stirred uniformly and then is piled up for fermentation and ammonia removal.

5. A planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the corncobs are subjected to a fermentation process comprising: sun-drying corn cob for 2-3 days, soaking in 40-50% calcium lime in water, and fermenting for 5 days until there is no white core in the corn cob.

6. A planting method according to claim 1, wherein the soil covering cultivation in step S4 maintains the cultivation temperature between 34-37 ℃; when the hypha tip enters reproduction and transformation respectively to generate white spots and small mushroom buds, adjusting the fruiting temperature range to be 28-32 ℃, illuminating for 0.5-2 hours every day, and spraying mushroom pressing water.

7. A planting method according to claim 6, wherein the mushroom pressing water is made from the following ingredients in parts by weight: 3-5 parts of bran, 2-3 parts of corn flour, 36-38 parts of clear water, 0.1-0.2 part of glucose, and 0.01-0.02 part of each of vitamin B1 and B2.