CN111480511A - Cultivation and production process of fresh reed fungi - Google Patents

Cultivation and production process of fresh reed fungi Download PDF

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CN111480511A
CN111480511A CN202010342118.8A CN202010342118A CN111480511A CN 111480511 A CN111480511 A CN 111480511A CN 202010342118 A CN202010342118 A CN 202010342118A CN 111480511 A CN111480511 A CN 111480511A
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李建华
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00Cultivation of mushrooms
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00Cultivation of mushrooms
    • A01G18/20Culture media, e.g. compost

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  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation and production process of fresh reed fungi, which comprises the following steps: s1, preparing a mother strain: inoculating and culturing by adopting a culture medium to prepare a mother strain; s2, preparing stock: inoculating the mother strain prepared in the S1 into a stock culture material for culturing to obtain a stock strain; s3, preparing cultivated species: inoculating the stock seed prepared in the step S2 into a cultivated species culture material for cultivation to prepare a cultivated species; s4, planting: inoculating the cultivated species prepared in the S3 into a culture material for cultivation, and carrying out fungus growing and fruiting to obtain the fresh mushroom. The invention adopts reed particles as the main component of the culture material, and the mushroom obtained by cultivation has unique delicious flavor by the cultivation method of mother seed-original seed-cultivated seed-planting; meanwhile, the cultivation method ensures the quality of products, improves the yield and lays a technical foundation for large-area popularization.

Description

Cultivation and production process of fresh reed fungi
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cultivation of edible fungi, and particularly relates to a cultivation and production process of fresh reed fungi.
Background
The development of Chinese agriculture is three-color agriculture, namely green agriculture, blue agriculture and white agriculture. The green agriculture scientifically and skillfully utilizes photosynthesis to improve the yield and quality of grain crops, vegetables, fruit trees and flowers. The blue agriculture is to develop the ocean and produce more sea vegetables and seafood products from the ocean by utilizing scientific technology. The white agriculture is microbial agriculture, namely the industry of instant (medicinal) bacteria. The small organism and the large agriculture have wide prospects, can solve proteins required by life of people, and can also be used for solving serious diseases related to life of people in medicine.
According to the statistics of the edible fungus society of China: by the end of 2017, the domestic edible fungus yield is 3712 million tons, the output value is nearly 2721.92 million yuan, 35 million dollars are eared by export, and the domestic edible fungus production and consumption country is the largest. Hunan is an important production area of domestic edible fungi, is also a large consumption province of edible fungi products, has the advantages of resources, climate and regional development of edible fungi development, has the total yield of the edible fungi of more than 80 million tons in 2017, has the output value of more than 60 hundred million yuan, and nearly 100 million persons of practitioners. The edible fungi is one of important industries for earning foreign exchange in China, has the characteristics of low cost, high benefit and the like, and is also a high-efficiency green industry in transformation upgrading and country-oriented industry.
From the whole development trend, the future fungus industry can become an independent industry. From the perspective of agriculture, plants, animals and fungi will be classified in the future. From the viewpoint of edible fungus value, edible fungi will become the source of the third world major proteins. For example, the pleurotus tuber-regium, the beef and the pork contain basically similar components, and the sales volume of the edible fungi is greatly increased from the sales condition, for example, the consumption of the edible fungi is increased by 223 times in Japan in nearly 20 years. Therefore, the edible fungi has wide prospect, large development space, rich cultivation raw materials, no occupation of limited cultivated land, easy mastering of cultivation technology, and the future edible fungi industry becomes an independent industry, thereby effectively promoting the development of rural areas and the income increase of farmers.
The edible fungi are rich in nutrition and good in taste, and some of the edible fungi are fine in meat quality, crisp and delicious in quality, attractive in fragrance and fresh, tender and tasty, so that the edible fungi are highly advocated. They are called as "mountain delicacies", "vegetable meat", "meat of vegetables" at home and abroad, and are highly praised. The black fungus, the pleurotus ferulae and the pleurotus eryngii are fungus foods, are rich in nutrition and delicious in taste, have high nutritional value and medicinal value, and have large domestic and international market demands. The edible fungi are planted by mainly taking cow dung, horse dung, wheat straw, corn stalk and rice straw as main raw materials, and have the function of comprehensively utilizing waste materials.
However, the existing planting technology cannot guarantee yield, and under the condition of increasing demand, how to develop a high-yield planting technology becomes the research direction of the technicians in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cultivation and production process of fresh reed fungi, and the edible fungi produced by the cultivation process not only have unique delicious flavor, but also have good quality and high yield.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a cultivation and production process of fresh reed fungi comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a mother strain: inoculating and culturing by adopting a culture medium to prepare a mother strain;
s2, preparing stock: inoculating the mother strain prepared in the S1 into a stock culture material for culturing to obtain a stock strain;
s3, preparing cultivated species: inoculating the stock seed prepared in the step S2 into a cultivated species culture material for cultivation to prepare a cultivated species;
s4, planting: inoculating the cultivated species prepared in the S3 into a culture material for cultivation, and carrying out fungus growing and fruiting to obtain the fresh mushroom.
The technical scheme of further improvement in the technical scheme is as follows:
1. in the above scheme, the step S1 of preparing the mother seed includes the following steps:
s11, preparation of a culture medium: adding a volume culture medium by adopting PDA, and adding 5% wheat bran into the PDA to boil the juice;
s12, subpackaging: subpackaging the prepared culture medium in containers;
s13, sterilization: sterilizing the subpackaged culture medium at high temperature and high pressure of 0.15 Mpa;
s14, cooling: cooling the sterilized culture medium;
s15, inoculation: inoculating on a clean bench under aseptic condition;
s16, culturing: culturing at proper temperature and constant temperature according to the required temperature of each variety.
2. In the scheme, the raw materials of the culture medium in the S11 comprise 200 g of potatoes, 40 g of glucose, 2 g of monopotassium phosphate, 1 g of magnesium sulfate and 1000ml of water.
3. In the above scheme, the step S2 of preparing the stock seed includes the following steps:
s21, batching: preparing raw materials according to the following proportion: 95% of wheat bran, 2% of lime, 2% of calcium carbonate and 1% of sugar;
s22, stirring: stirring the raw materials uniformly, and adding a proper amount of water to keep the water content of the culture material at about 60%;
s23, bottling: the prepared culture materials are separately loaded in containers;
s24, sterilization: sterilizing the subpackaged culture materials: sterilizing under 0.15Mpa for 1.5 hr, or sterilizing at 100 deg.C under normal pressure for more than 10 hr;
s25, inoculation: inoculating on a superclean bench under aseptic condition, wherein each test tube stock can be connected with 5-7 bottles of stock;
s26, culturing: controlling the temperature to be about 20 ℃, carrying out light-shielding culture under the constant temperature condition and with the relative air humidity of 60-75%, and timely cleaning mixed bacteria; the period of stock culture is 35-45 days.
4. In the scheme, the proportion of the culture materials in the step S3 is 5 kg of soybean meal, 5 kg of corn meal, 0.5 kg of peptone, 0.25 kg of yeast, 0.1 kg of magnesium sulfate, 0.15 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 800 kg of water L.
5. In the above scheme, the planting process in step S4 adopts bag planting or bed planting.
6. In the scheme, the specific process of the bag cultivation is as follows:
s41, stirring: preparing raw materials such as reed particles, bran, straw and the like, uniformly stirring the raw materials according to a proportion, adding a proper amount of water, and preparing a culture material;
s42, bagging: subpackaging the prepared raw materials according to the mass of one kilogram of dry materials per bag;
s43, sterilization: sterilizing at 0.15Mpa for 3 hr or at 100 deg.C under normal pressure for 12 hr;
s44, inoculation: inoculating the cultivar in a sterile environment
S45, spawn running culture: after inoculation, culturing the fungus bags in a culture room with relative air humidity below 70% and dark light at about 25 ℃, wherein hyphae can grow to fill the whole bags after 25-30 days;
s46, fruiting management: after the fungus mycelia fully grow in the bags, continuously culturing for 15-20 days, after the fungus sticks are bagged, covering soil and fruiting, controlling the temperature at 15-25 ℃, keeping the relative humidity of air at 85% -90%, adding proper scattered light, ventilating for 2-3 times every day, keeping the air fresh for 20-30 minutes each time, and forming primordium and differentiating into young buds after 8-15 days;
and S47, harvesting, pre-cooling, packaging and leaving factory.
7. In the scheme, the specific process of the bed cultivation is as follows: accurately weighing various raw materials, uniformly stirring, preparing a culture material with appropriate water content, fermenting in a high-temperature closed-pile mode, continuously turning over piles for three times to achieve uniform fermentation, wherein the fermentation time is about 35 days; after the raw materials are treated, uniformly paving the raw materials on a mushroom house bedstead, paving a layer of culture material, spraying a layer of strain, totally three layers of strain with the thickness of 30-40 cm; then keeping the temperature of the mushroom house at 25 ℃ and the relative air humidity below 70%, and starting fruiting after about 25 days of culture.
8. In the scheme, the culture material can adopt any one of the following three formulas:
(1) 50% of reed particles, 20% of corncobs, 20% of bran, 8% of corn flour, 1% of lime powder and 1% of gypsum powder;
(2) 70% of reed particles, 10% of corncobs, 18% of bran, 1% of lime powder and 1% of gypsum powder;
(3) 70% of reed particles, 20% of cottonseed hulls, 8% of bran, 1% of lime and 1% of gypsum powder.
9. The cultivation and production process of fresh bulrush bacteria according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: the mushroom house adopts the standardized intelligent factory building that heavy steel construction and polyurethane board house combine, the mushroom bedstead in the mushroom house is "non" style of calligraphy and builds, and 100cm wide, the middle 80cm pavement that leaves, lean on the wall to leave 20cm, divides 4 ~ 6 layers, and bottom ground 20cm, layer apart from the height is 50cm, is made with galvanized steel.
Due to the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the culture and production process of fresh reed fungi adopts reed particles as the main component of a culture material, and the mushroom obtained by cultivation has unique delicious flavor by a cultivation method of mother seeds, stock seeds, cultivated seeds and planting; meanwhile, the cultivation method ensures the quality of products, improves the yield and lays a technical foundation for large-area popularization.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the following examples:
example (b): a cultivation and production process of fresh reed fungi comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a mother strain: inoculating and culturing by adopting a culture medium to prepare a mother strain; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s11, preparation of a culture medium: adding a volume culture medium by adopting PDA, and adding 5% wheat bran into the PDA to boil the juice;
s12, subpackaging: subpackaging the prepared culture medium in containers;
s13, sterilization: sterilizing the subpackaged culture medium at high temperature and high pressure of 0.15 Mpa;
s14, cooling: cooling the sterilized culture medium;
s15, inoculation: inoculating on a clean bench under aseptic condition;
s16, culturing: culturing at proper temperature and constant temperature according to the required temperature of each variety.
Wherein, the raw materials of the culture medium in the S11 comprise 200 g of potato, 40 g of glucose, 2 g of monopotassium phosphate, 1 g of magnesium sulfate and 1000ml of water.
In order to maintain sterile environment, the medicines used include aerosol disinfectant, potassium permanganate, alcohol, benzalkonium bromide, etc.
S2, preparing stock: inoculating the mother strain prepared in the S1 into a stock culture material for culturing to obtain a stock strain; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s21, batching: preparing raw materials according to the following proportion: 95% of wheat bran, 2% of lime, 2% of calcium carbonate and 1% of sugar;
s22, stirring: stirring the raw materials uniformly, and adding a proper amount of water to keep the water content of the culture material at about 60%;
s23, bottling: the prepared culture materials are separately loaded in containers;
s24, sterilization: sterilizing the subpackaged culture materials: sterilizing under 0.15Mpa for 1.5 hr, or sterilizing at 100 deg.C under normal pressure for more than 10 hr;
s25, inoculation: inoculating on a superclean bench under aseptic condition, wherein each test tube stock can be connected with 5-7 bottles of stock;
s26, culturing: 1. the temperature is controlled properly, generally about 20 ℃, and the temperature is required to be constant; 2. humidity control: the relative humidity of air is between 60 and 75 percent; 3. controlling light, and performing shading culture; 4. the culture room is kept sanitary and clean; 5. ventilating: keeping the air fresh, and opening doors and windows in the morning and at the evening for half an hour every day; 6. observing and recording the development condition of hypha every day, and removing the mixed fungi in time.
1) Identification of stock quality
The quality standard of stock seeds: 1. the hyphae grow vigorously, white, dense and uniform; 2. the method has the advantages that the method has no mixed bacteria pollution, and no green mold, aspergillus flavus, neurospora and the like exist in the culture medium and on the cotton plug of the bottle mouth; 3. the smell is aromatic, and no peculiar smell or musty smell exists; 4. has the characteristics of the variety and special fungus fragrance; 5. the age of the fungus is preferably 35-45 days; 6. the aseptic silks are declined and turn yellow, yellow water is not spitted, and no fungus columns are formed; 7. no worm egg or worm damage.
2) Primary seed preparing facility, equipment and tool
① Main facility of sterilizing room (96 m)2) Cooling chamber (48 m)2) Purifying inoculation chamber (24 m)2) Culture room (680 m)2) Storage compartment (48 m)2) And (4) a fermentation tank.
② the main medicines include alcohol, potassium permanganate, aerosol disinfectant box, and benzalkonium bromide.
And S3, preparing cultivars, namely inoculating the stock seeds prepared in S2 into cultivar culture materials to culture, and preparing the cultivars, wherein the culture materials comprise 5 kg of soybean meal, 5 kg of corn meal, 0.5 kg of peptone, 0.25 kg of yeast, 0.1 kg of magnesium sulfate, 0.15 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 800L.
The culture is also called as production seed, the company adopts liquid spawn technology to produce the culture, and the main equipment is 20 liquid fermentation tanks with 800 liters.
S4, planting: inoculating the cultivated species prepared in the step S3 into a culture material for cultivation, and carrying out spawn running and fruiting to prepare fresh mushrooms; the planting process adopts bag planting or bed planting.
1) The bag cultivation adopts an 18 cm × 36 m polypropylene bag, and the specific process of the bag cultivation is as follows:
s41, stirring: preparing raw materials such as reed particles, bran, straw and the like, uniformly stirring the raw materials according to a proportion, adding a proper amount of water, and preparing a culture material;
s42, bagging: subpackaging the prepared raw materials according to the mass of one kilogram of dry materials per bag;
s43, sterilization: sterilizing at 0.15Mpa for 3 hr or at 100 deg.C under normal pressure for 12 hr;
s44, inoculation: inoculating the cultivar in a sterile environment
S45, spawn running culture: after inoculation, culturing the fungus bags in a culture room with relative air humidity below 70% and dark light at about 25 ℃, wherein hyphae can grow to fill the whole bags after 25-30 days;
s46, fruiting management: after the fungus mycelia fully grow in the bags, continuously culturing for 15-20 days, after the fungus sticks are bagged, covering soil and fruiting, controlling the temperature at 15-25 ℃, keeping the relative humidity of air at 85% -90%, adding proper scattered light, ventilating for 2-3 times every day, keeping the air fresh for 20-30 minutes each time, and forming primordium and differentiating into young buds after 8-15 days;
and S47, harvesting, pre-cooling, packaging and leaving factory.
2) The specific process of the bed cultivation is as follows: accurately weighing various raw materials, uniformly stirring, preparing a culture material with appropriate water content, fermenting in a high-temperature closed-pile mode, continuously turning over piles for three times to achieve uniform fermentation, wherein the fermentation time is about 35 days; after the raw materials are treated, uniformly paving the raw materials on a mushroom house bedstead, paving a layer of culture material, spraying a layer of strain, totally three layers of strain with the thickness of 30-40 cm; then keeping the temperature of the mushroom house at 25 ℃ and the relative air humidity below 70%, and starting fruiting after about 25 days of culture.
The culture material used for bag cultivation or bed cultivation can adopt any one of the following three formulas:
(1) 50% of reed particles, 20% of corncobs, 20% of bran, 8% of corn flour, 1% of lime powder and 1% of gypsum powder;
(2) 70% of reed particles, 10% of corncobs, 18% of bran, 1% of lime powder and 1% of gypsum powder;
(3) 70% of reed particles, 20% of cottonseed hulls, 8% of bran, 1% of lime and 1% of gypsum powder.
3) Constructing a mushroom house:
① adopts an intelligent constant temperature greenhouse, the area length is 30 x 8m, the height is 6 m.
② adopts standardized intelligent factory building of heavy steel structure + polyurethane board house.
4) Erecting a mushroom bed frame: a bedstead is built in the shed in a shape of a non, the width of the bedstead is 100cm, a 80cm walkway is reserved in the middle of the bedstead, 20cm is reserved close to a wall and divided into 4-6 layers, the bottom layer is 20cm above the ground, the layer distance is 50cm, and the bedstead is made of galvanized steel.
The above-mentioned aspects of the invention are further explained as follows:
the culture and production process of fresh reed fungi adopts reed particles as the main component of a culture material, and the mushroom obtained by cultivation has unique delicious flavor by a cultivation method of mother seeds, stock seeds, cultivated seeds and planting; meanwhile, the cultivation method ensures the quality of products, improves the yield and lays a technical foundation for large-area popularization.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical ideas and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A cultivation and production process of fresh reed fungi is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a mother strain: inoculating and culturing by adopting a culture medium to prepare a mother strain;
s2, preparing stock: inoculating the mother strain prepared in the S1 into a stock culture material for culturing to obtain a stock strain;
s3, preparing cultivated species: inoculating the stock seed prepared in the step S2 into a cultivated species culture material for cultivation to prepare a cultivated species;
s4, planting: inoculating the cultivated species prepared in the S3 into a culture material for cultivation, and carrying out fungus growing and fruiting to obtain the fresh mushroom.
2. The cultivation and production process of fresh bulrush bacteria according to claim 1, characterized in that: the step S1 of preparing the mother seeds comprises the following steps:
s11, preparation of a culture medium: adding a volume culture medium by adopting PDA, and adding 5% wheat bran into the PDA to boil the juice;
s12, subpackaging: subpackaging the prepared culture medium in containers;
s13, sterilization: sterilizing the subpackaged culture medium at high temperature and high pressure of 0.15 Mpa;
s14, cooling: cooling the sterilized culture medium;
s15, inoculation: inoculating on a clean bench under aseptic condition;
s16, culturing: culturing at proper temperature and constant temperature according to the required temperature of each variety.
3. The cultivation and production process of fresh bulrush bacteria according to claim 2, characterized in that: the raw materials of the culture medium in the S11 comprise 200 g of potato, 40 g of glucose, 2 g of monopotassium phosphate, 1 g of magnesium sulfate and 1000ml of water.
4. The cultivation and production process of fresh bulrush bacteria according to claim 1, characterized in that: the step S2 of preparing the stock seed comprises the following steps:
s21, batching: preparing raw materials according to the following proportion: 95% of wheat bran, 2% of lime, 2% of calcium carbonate and 1% of sugar;
s22, stirring: uniformly stirring the raw materials, and adding a proper amount of water to keep the water content of the culture material at 60%;
s23, bottling: the prepared culture materials are separately loaded in containers;
s24, sterilization: sterilizing the subpackaged culture materials: sterilizing under 0.15Mpa for 1.5 hr, or sterilizing at 100 deg.C under normal pressure for more than 10 hr;
s25, inoculation: inoculating on a superclean bench under aseptic condition, wherein each test tube stock can be connected with 5-7 bottles of stock;
s26, culturing: controlling the temperature at 20 ℃, carrying out light-shielding culture under the constant temperature condition and with the relative air humidity of 60-75%, and timely cleaning mixed bacteria; the period of stock culture is 35-45 days.
5. The cultivation and production process of fresh bulrush bacteria according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the culture materials in step S3 comprises 5 kg of soybean meal, 5 kg of corn meal, 0.5 kg of peptone, 0.25 kg of yeast, 0.1 kg of magnesium sulfate, 0.15 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 800 kg of water 800L.
6. The cultivation and production process of fresh bulrush bacteria according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the step S4, bag cultivation or bed cultivation is adopted in the planting process.
7. The cultivation and production process of fresh bulrush bacteria according to claim 6, wherein: the specific process of the bag cultivation is as follows:
s41, stirring: preparing raw materials such as reed particles, bran, straw and the like, uniformly stirring the raw materials according to a proportion, adding a proper amount of water, and preparing a culture material;
s42, bagging: subpackaging the prepared raw materials according to the mass of one kilogram of dry materials per bag;
s43, sterilization: sterilizing at 0.15Mpa for 3 hr or at 100 deg.C under normal pressure for 12 hr;
s44, inoculation: inoculating the cultivar in a sterile environment
S45, spawn running culture: after inoculation, culturing the fungus bags in a culture room with relative air humidity below 70% and dark light at 25 ℃, and allowing hyphae to grow over the bags after 25-30 days;
s46, fruiting management: after the fungus mycelia fully grow in the bags, continuously culturing for 15-20 days, after the fungus sticks are bagged, covering soil and fruiting, controlling the temperature at 15-25 ℃, keeping the relative humidity of air at 85% -90%, increasing scattered light, ventilating for 2-3 times every day, each time for 20-30 minutes, keeping the air fresh, and forming primordium and differentiating into young buds after 8-15 days;
and S47, harvesting, pre-cooling, packaging and leaving factory.
8. The cultivation and production process of fresh bulrush bacteria according to claim 6, wherein: the specific process of the bed cultivation is as follows: accurately weighing various raw materials, stirring uniformly, preparing a culture material with appropriate water content, fermenting in a high-temperature closed-pile mode, continuously turning over piles for three times to achieve uniform fermentation, wherein the fermentation time is 35 days; after the raw materials are treated, uniformly paving the raw materials on a mushroom house bedstead, paving a layer of culture material, spraying a layer of strain, totally three layers of strain with the thickness of 30-40 cm; then keeping the temperature of the mushroom house at 25 ℃ and the relative air humidity below 70%, and culturing for 25 days to start fruiting.
9. The cultivation and production process of fresh bulrush bacteria according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: the culture material can adopt any one of the following three formulas:
(1) 50% of reed particles, 20% of corncobs, 20% of bran, 8% of corn flour, 1% of lime powder and 1% of gypsum powder;
(2) 70% of reed particles, 10% of corncobs, 18% of bran, 1% of lime powder and 1% of gypsum powder;
(3) 70% of reed particles, 20% of cottonseed hulls, 8% of bran, 1% of lime and 1% of gypsum powder.
10. The cultivation and production process of fresh bulrush bacteria according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: the mushroom house adopts the standardized intelligent factory building that heavy steel construction and polyurethane board house combine, the mushroom bedstead in the mushroom house is "non" style of calligraphy and builds, and 100cm wide, the middle 80cm pavement that leaves, lean on the wall to leave 20cm, divides 4 ~ 6 layers, and bottom ground 20cm, layer apart from the height is 50cm, is made with galvanized steel.
CN202010342118.8A 2020-04-27 2020-04-27 Cultivation and production process of fresh reed fungi Pending CN111480511A (en)

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