CN103858677B - A kind of light simplified cultivation method of coprinus comatus - Google Patents
A kind of light simplified cultivation method of coprinus comatus Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of light simplified cultivation method of coprinus comatus, comprise, there iing the clay geology in gully, in vertical thickness 4 ~ 6m place, distance clay geology surface, level digs long 80 ~ 100m, wide 2.2 ~ 2.4m, high 1.6 ~ 1.8m and the curved strip soil cave in top, hole, bacterial classification selection, earthing process, soil cave pretreatment, bacterium bag processed, management of producing mushroom, receipts mushroom adopt normal operating, after fruiting terminates, remove discarded planting material, foreign material, transport soil cave, and sanitation and hygiene and sterilization deinsectization, soil cave aeration-drying.Coprinus comatus of the present invention light simplified cultivation method bar shaped soil cave sends out bacterium, fruiting place as coprinus comatus, makes full use of resource, achieves to simplify to produce, greatly save Financial cost, temperature constant, humidity are moderate, ventilated unobstructed, reduce the occurrence probability of coprinus comatus black spot, blackhead disease.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of light simplified cultivation method of coprinus comatus, belong to Edible Fungi technical field of cultivation.
Background technology
Coprinus comatus color and luster is pure white, nutritious, delicious flavour, the multivitamin wanted containing needed by human body and amino acid, and containing the active ingredient of anti-cancer active matter with treatment diabetes, long-term eating has good effect to reduction blood sugar concentration, raising immune function of human body.This kind oneself become meet that FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation) (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) requires integrate one of 16 kinds of Rare edible fungus of " natural, nutrition, health care " three kinds of functions, be a kind of high-quality Rare edible fungus new varieties with higher commercial potential and DEVELOPMENT PROSPECT.
Coprinus comatus belongs to middle low form kind, and seasonality is stronger.In prior art, the cultivation of coprinus comatus mainly utilizes various edible fungi leftovers as raw material, carries out seasonality and produces, can not realize whole year production at spring and autumn.And seasonal production also exists a lot of problem, mainly product can not balanced go on the market, the season of proper temperature, and fresh mushroom raised growth, has little time sale, cause Dai Duolan city, and temperature high summer and temperature do not have fresh mushroom to go on the market at low winter, cause short supply.If carry out anti-season, industrial and annual cultivation, must rely on refrigeration or warming-up device, control at 15-20 DEG C by the temperature in fruiting place, because equipment investment is large, production cost is high, is not suitable for wide farmers application.Meanwhile, the working condition of most mushroom agriculture is poor, managerial skills are lower, and mushroom room epidemic disaster and Ventilation Control are not suitable for, and multiple damage by disease and insect very easily occurs, and brings about great losses to mushroom agriculture.
About the research of coprinus comatus is started late, how to carry out in its Biological characteristic, high-yield culture technique, nutrient component and health care and store and processing etc., to the generation of its disease, find it is also just caused concern in recent years.Be engaged in the peasant of the single household mainly disperseed of Edible Fungi in China, its technical merit is general lower, and aseptic concept is thin with consciousness, and in production, pollution rate is higher; To the pollution bacterial classification produced in production process, sick mushroom process means arbitrarily, huddle and throw out phenomenon without care seriously, disease bacterium source is accumulated more and more.Research finds, semi-underground type plastic tunnel mushroom room epidemic disaster and Ventilation Control are not suitable for, mushroom room epidemic disaster is unstable, very easily produce physiological disturbance, mushroom body premunition is declined, when bacterium source is more, causes the generation of infectious disease, make coprinus comatus suffer from coprinus comatus blackhead disease, coprinus comatus black spot, huge loss is caused to economical production.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of light simplified cultivation method of coprinus comatus, the method energy whole year production, reduces costs, easy and simple to handle, reduces the harm of disease worm.To raising coprinus comatus output, the income and preserving the ecological environment increasing mushroom agriculture is significant.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of light simplified cultivation method of coprinus comatus, comprises the steps:
(1) soil cave is built in the clay geology in gully, in vertical thickness 4 ~ 6m place, distance clay geology surface, level digs long 80 ~ 100m, wide 2.2 ~ 2.4m, high 1.6 ~ 1.8m and the curved strip soil cave in top, hole, distance between adjacent soil cave hole is 8-10m, each hole place sets up for being entered, the surge chamber of discharging, in soil cave, insect disinfestation device is installed, arrange at top, hole and be communicated with extraneous ventilating opening, ventilating opening envelope establishes two-layer obstruct net, skin is the wire netting of protection against rodents, internal layer is the insect protected gauze in 0.28mm aperture, each hole arranges sterilization insect protected isolation strip, installing screen door carries out mosquito-proof, protection against rodents,
(2) bacterial classification is chosen disease-resistant, high yielding variety Shandong and is planted chicken mushroom No. 1, extra white 36 or extra white 33 as cultivar;
(3) earthing process: choose not containing pathogen, without the clay loam at 20-25cm place below the turfy soil of worm's ovum and miscellaneous bacteria or farming operation layer as earthing, be mixed with solution by 50wt% prochloraz-manganese chloride complex 30 ~ 35g 10 ~ 15kg that adds water, be evenly sprayed at 1m
3on above-mentioned turfy soil or clay loam, and then add pulverized limestone by 2 ~ 3% of turfy soil or clay loam quality, mixing, add water and regulate water content to 25 ~ 30wt%, pile vexed process 5 ~ 8d with diaphragm seal, remove film and to dry in the air heap 5 ~ 6h, earthing after being sterilized;
(4) soil cave pretreatment:
Soil cave uses first 6 ~ 8 days, is flattened on soil cave ground, then presses 200-300g/m
2amount spread fertilizer over the fields pulverized limestone on ground, then carry out spray disinfectant with the prochloraz-manganese chloride complex salting liquid of 50wt% and 4.5wt% permethrin milk oil solution to hole interior walls, ground, layer frame, the amount of application of described prochloraz-manganese chloride complex salting liquid is 0.07 ~ 0.1g/m
2, the amount of application of permethrin milk oil solution is 0.04 ~ 0.06mL/m
2; Use first 3 ~ 5 days with sodium dichloro cyanurate aerosol stifling 24 ~ 36 hours, sodium dichloro cyanurate aerosol amount of application is 2 ~ 3g/m
3, use front 1 ~ 2d to ventilate, soil cave after being sterilized;
(5) adopt fermentation material as planting material, adopt long 55-60cm, the polyethylene plastic bag of folding footpath 50-55cm makes bacterium bag, every sacked material height 14-16cm, and sowing quantity is 10 ~ 15% of planting material quality, through packing obtained bacterium bag;
(6) carry out sending out a bacterium in soil cave after bacterium bag obtained for step (5) being moved to the obtained sterilization of step (4), hole, the both sides wall by soil cave is directly placed ground individual layer and is uprightly put or be placed on layer frame and be spread in a single layer, and operation road is stayed in centre,
5-8d after bacterium bag mycelia purseful, opens suitable for reading for bacterium bag, earthing after the sterilization that covering step (3) is obtained, and thickness of earth covering is 2-3cm; Ventilating opening ventilation 2-3 time at soil cave top is opened every day, each ventilation time 15-30 minute during fruiting;
When in fruiting process, when there is disease in soil cave, spread fertilizer over the fields pulverized limestone to diseased region and carry out covering and disinfect, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields is 300-500g/m
2, and to contact germ instrument concentration of volume percent be 75% alcohol or mass percent concentration 0.25% bromogeramine solution carry out disinfection;
(7) receive mushroom and adopt normal operating, after fruiting terminates, remove discarded planting material, foreign material, transport soil cave, and sanitation and hygiene and sterilization deinsectization, soil cave aeration-drying.
The present invention is preferred, and a kind of light simplified cultivation method of coprinus comatus, also comprises the steps:
After first damp mushroom is terminated, cleaning fruiting face, excavates residual mushroom, sick worm mushroom, dead mushroom, rotten mushroom, pathological material of disease and impurity, shift out soil cave, the recess in fruiting face fills up earthing after the obtained sterilization of step (3), and then spray fruiting face with 1-2wt% limewash, fountain height is 1.0-1.5kg/m
2, after 8-10d, go out lower damp mushroom.
The light simplified cultivation method of coprinus comatus of the present invention, often criticizes fruiting 2 batches, average about 3 months of management of producing mushroom phase in hole, every batch of about 1 month interval by the fraction of the year of one 3 batches.
The present invention is preferred, and described ventilating opening lower port diameter is 1.0m-1.5m, and upper port diameter is 0.6m-0.7m, and upper port exceeds clay geology surface 1.5m-2.0m, and described ventilating opening is vertically set on top, soil cave hole.
The present invention is preferred, the described each 3-4m of surge chamber length.
Preferred according to the present invention, the pack of described step (2) adopts 2 layers, 3 layers of bacterial classification layer to cultivate the pack mode of the bed of material, and the cultivation bed of material is sandwiched between bacterial classification layer.
Preferred according to the present invention, in step (3), prochloraz-manganese chloride complex salting liquid is obtain with the water that 50% prochloraz-manganese chloride complex adds weight 1000 ~ 1500 times, and permethrin milk oil solution is that to add the water of weight 1000 ~ 1500 times with 4.5% r obtained.
Preferred according to the present invention, installing insect disinfestation device in soil cave is by 1/600m in every bar soil cave
2density green insecticidal lamp is installed or by 20 ~ 30/600m
2density hangs insect-sticking plate insect protected.
Advantage of the present invention is as follows:
1) the light simplified cultivation method of coprinus comatus of the present invention adopts long 80 ~ 100m, wide 2.2 ~ 2.4m, high 1.6 ~ 1.8m and the curved strip soil cave in top, hole sends out bacterium as coprinus comatus, fruiting place, soil cave of the present invention has the effect of heat and moisture preserving, in hole, annual temperature is generally at 16-22 DEG C, relative air humidity is generally at 75-90%, generally moisturizing of spraying water is not needed during fruiting, do not need to adopt cold and hot equipment heating and cooling, be not subject to seasonal restrictions and can realize anniversaryization cultivation, and once build hole and can use for many years, make full use of resource, achieve to simplify and produce, greatly save Financial cost, temperature constant, humidity is moderate, ventilated unobstructed, reduce coprinus comatus black spot, the occurrence probability of blackhead disease.
2) the light simplified cultivation method of coprinus comatus of the present invention is sent out bacterium, fruiting and is all carried out in soil cave, avoids that bacterium bag divides exploitation bacterium, fruiting causes moves back and forth, both saved manpower, and can avoid again moving the secondary pollution caused.
3) the light simplified cultivation method of coprinus comatus of the present invention adopts sack uprightly de-bag covering method, avoids the cross-infection between bacterium bag after the tedious steps of de-bag furrow and de-bag, and can prevent the propagation of disease.
4) the application proposes the occurrence probability step of mosquito control being reduced to coprinus comatus black spot, blackhead disease in fruiting process first, this is because inventor is found by research, the propagation of coprinus comatus black spot, blackhead disease is except existing route of transmission, can also being propagated and Secondary Infection by bite by mosquitos, therefore effectively can prevent its spread in china of disease by controlling insect pest.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is described further, but institute of the present invention protection domain is not limited thereto.
The coprinus comatus kind used in embodiment, chicken mushroom No. 1 is planted purchased from academy of agricultural sciences of Shandong Province agricultural resources and Environmental Research Institute in Shandong.
Extra white 33, extra white 36 are purchased from science edible mushroom research institute of Jiangsu Gaoyou City.
Embodiment 1
A kind of light simplified cultivation method of coprinus comatus, comprises the steps:
(1) soil cave is built, in Bei Maoyu village, villages and small towns, Pingying County hole, Shandong Province, water on the zanjon wall apart from geology surface vertical thickness 4m, level digs long 80m, wide 2.4m, high 1.8m and the curved strip soil cave in top, hole, each hole place sets up for being entered, the surge chamber of discharging, the length of surge chamber, wide, high each 3m, front/rear door height 1.8m, wide 1.5m, distance between adjacent soil cave hole is 8m, arrange at top, hole and be communicated with extraneous ventilating opening, ventilating opening is vertically set on top, soil cave hole, ventilating opening lower port diameter is 1.0m, upper port diameter is 0.6m, upper port exceeds geology surface 1.5m, in soil cave, insect disinfestation device is installed, ventilating opening envelope establishes two-layer obstruct net, skin is rat-proofing metallic net, internal layer is the insect protected gauze in 0.28mm aperture, each hole arranges sterilization insect protected isolation strip, installing screen door carries out mosquito-proof, protection against rodents, in this soil cave hole, anniversary temperature is generally at 16 ~ 22 DEG C.
(2) bacterial classification is selected and bacterium bag is produced: choose Shandong that is disease-resistant, high yield and plant chicken mushroom No. 1, bacterial classification requires: mycelia be canescence, slightly sparse, can see cotton thread shape and climb wall mycelia, and slightly khaki after maturation inoculates block pigment heavier; Original seed bacterium bottle color and luster is consistent, and bottle mouth position has aerial hyphae, slightly sparse, very thin, and cell age is suitable for, and does not secrete yellow water pearl; Produce and kind to require that vitality is strong, not in spite of illness, worm and miscellaneous bacteria, do not avoid the aging bacterial classification using high-temperature cultivation and storage, guarantee vigor and the purity of bacterial classification, sow according to sterile working requirement, strengthen seeding quantity, cultivate nutrition thalline that is healthy and strong, anosis worm;
(3) earthing process: the clay loam choosing below farming operation layer 20cm place, as earthing, is mixed with solution by the 50wt% prochloraz-manganese chloride complex 35g 15kg that adds water, is evenly sprayed at 1m
3on above-mentioned turfy soil or clay loam, and then add pulverized limestone by 3% of clay loam quality, mixing, add water and regulate water content to 25wt%, with the vexed process 7d of diaphragm seal heap, remove film and dry in the air and pile 5h, the row's of drying in the air bad smell, earthing after being sterilized;
(4) soil cave pretreatment:
Soil cave uses first 7 days, is flattened on soil cave ground, then presses 200g/m
2amount spread fertilizer over the fields pulverized limestone on ground, then carry out spray disinfectant with the prochloraz-manganese chloride complex salting liquid of 50wt% and 4.5wt% permethrin milk oil solution to hole interior walls, ground, layer frame, the amount of application of described prochloraz-manganese chloride complex salting liquid is 0.07g/m
2, the amount of application of permethrin milk oil solution is 0.04mL/m
2; Use first 3 days with sodium dichloro cyanurate aerosol stifling 36 hours, sodium dichloro cyanurate aerosol amount of application is 2g/m
3, use front 1d to ventilate, soil cave after being sterilized;
(5) adopt fermentation material as planting material, long 55cm, the polyethylene plastic bag of folding footpath 50cm makes bacterium bag, every sacked material height 15cm, sowing quantity is 10% of planting material quality, 2 layers, 3 layers of bacterial classification layer are adopted to cultivate the pack mode of the bed of material, the cultivation bed of material is sandwiched between bacterial classification layer and packs, obtained bacterium bag, described fermentation material obtains by the following method, does raw material with Ipomoea batatas vinasse, add the pulverized limestone of Ipomoea batatas vinasse quality 3%, mixing routine builds heap ventilating fermentation process 9 ~ 10 days, regulates pH7.5 ~ 8.0, regulate water content to be that 55-60wt% can use with quicklime powder.
(6) carry out sending out bacterium in soil cave after the bacterium bag that step (5) is obtained being moved to the obtained sterilization of step (4), send out between bacterium culture period, lucifuge is cultivated, and hole, the both sides wall by soil cave is directly placed ground individual layer and uprightly put, and operation road is stayed in centre,
5d after bacterium bag mycelia purseful, opens suitable for reading for bacterium bag, and bacterium bag is upright, earthing after the sterilization that covering step (3) is obtained, and thickness of earth covering is 2cm; Ventilating opening ventilation 2-3 time at soil cave top is opened every day during fruiting, each ventilation time 15-30 minute, keeps good aeration condition during fruiting, due to soil cave insulation, moistening effect is better, so without the need to artificially regulating temp. and humidity during sending out bacterium, fruiting, coprinus comatus growth needs can be met.
When in fruiting process, when there is disease in soil cave, spread fertilizer over the fields pulverized limestone to diseased region and carry out covering and disinfect, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields is 300g/m
2, avoid moving, prevent lesion and its spread in china without disease between lesion.The hand of contacted sick mushroom, pathological material of disease or instrument, should clean up, and carry out disinfection to the alcohol that the instrument concentration of volume percent of contact germ is 75%;
(7) receive mushroom and adopt normal operating, after fruiting terminates, remove discarded planting material, foreign material, transport soil cave, and sanitation and hygiene and sterilization deinsectization, soil cave aeration-drying.
Light simplified cultivation method of the present invention starts bacterium bag processed the first tenday period of a month in May, early June earthing, early July starts fruiting, until mid-August cultivation terminate.
After adopting the method for the present embodiment, during coprinus comatus fruiting, the various disease incidence of disease is lower than 7%, and have no the large generation of insect pest, coprinus comatus biological transformation ratio reaches 105%, avoids moving the secondary pollution caused.And traditional semi-underground type plastic tunnel cannot produce coprinus comatus at the Summer High-Temperature Times of the 6-8 month.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of light simplified cultivation method of coprinus comatus, comprises the steps:
(1) soil cave is built, in Bei Maoyu village, villages and small towns, Pingying County hole, Shandong Province, water on the zanjon wall apart from geology surface vertical thickness 6m, level digs long 100m, wide 2.2m, high 1.6m and the curved strip soil cave in top, hole, each hole place sets up for being entered, the surge chamber of discharging, the length of surge chamber, wide, high each 4m, front/rear door height 1.8m, wide 1.5m, distance between adjacent soil cave hole is 10m, arrange at top, hole and be communicated with extraneous ventilating opening, ventilating opening is vertically set on top, soil cave hole, ventilating opening lower port diameter is 1.5m, upper port diameter is 0.7m, upper port exceeds geology surface 2.0m, in soil cave, insect disinfestation device is installed, ventilating opening envelope establishes two-layer obstruct net, skin is rat-proofing metallic net, internal layer is the insect protected gauze in 0.28mm aperture, each hole arranges sterilization insect protected isolation strip, installing screen door carries out mosquito-proof, protection against rodents, in this soil cave hole, anniversary temperature is generally at 16 ~ 22 DEG C.
(2) bacterial classification is selected and bacterium bag is produced: choose extra white 33 that is disease-resistant, high yield, bacterial classification requires: mycelia be canescence, slightly sparse, can see cotton thread shape and climb wall mycelia, and slightly khaki after maturation inoculates block pigment heavier; Original seed bacterium bottle color and luster is consistent, and bottle mouth position has aerial hyphae, slightly sparse, very thin, and cell age is suitable for, and does not secrete yellow water pearl; Produce and kind to require that vitality is strong, not in spite of illness, worm and miscellaneous bacteria, do not avoid the aging bacterial classification using high-temperature cultivation and storage, guarantee vigor and the purity of bacterial classification, sow according to sterile working requirement, strengthen seeding quantity, cultivate nutrition thalline that is healthy and strong, anosis worm;
(3) earthing process: choose not containing pathogen, without the turfy soil of worm's ovum and miscellaneous bacteria as earthing, be mixed with solution by the 50wt% prochloraz-manganese chloride complex 30g 10kg that adds water, be evenly sprayed at 1m
3on above-mentioned turfy soil, and then add pulverized limestone by 2% of turfy soil quality, mixing, add water regulate water content to 30wt%, with diaphragm seal heap vexed process 6d, remove film dry in the air pile 6h, the row's of drying in the air bad smell, earthing after being sterilized;
(4) soil cave pretreatment:
Soil cave uses first 8 days, is flattened on soil cave ground, then presses 300g/m
2amount spread fertilizer over the fields pulverized limestone on ground, then carry out spray disinfectant with the prochloraz-manganese chloride complex salting liquid of 50wt% and 4.5wt% permethrin milk oil solution to hole interior walls, ground, layer frame, the amount of application of described prochloraz-manganese chloride complex salting liquid is 0.1g/m
2, the amount of application of permethrin milk oil solution is 0.06mL/m
2; Use first 5 days with sodium dichloro cyanurate aerosol stifling 30 hours, sodium dichloro cyanurate aerosol amount of application is 3g/m
3, use front 2d to ventilate, soil cave after being sterilized;
(5) adopt fermentation material as planting material, long 70cm, the polyethylene plastic bag of folding footpath 60cm makes bacterium bag, every sacked material height 13cm, sowing quantity is 15% of planting material quality, 2 layers, 3 layers of bacterial classification layer are adopted to cultivate the pack mode of the bed of material, the cultivation bed of material is sandwiched between bacterial classification layer and packs, obtained bacterium bag, described fermentation material obtains by the following method, does raw material with Ipomoea batatas vinasse, add the pulverized limestone of Ipomoea batatas vinasse quality 3%, mixing routine builds heap ventilating fermentation process 9 ~ 10 days, regulates pH7.5 ~ 8.0, regulate water content to be that 55-60wt% can use with quicklime powder.
(6) carry out sending out bacterium in soil cave after the bacterium bag that step (5) is obtained being moved to the obtained sterilization of step (4), send out between bacterium culture period, lucifuge is cultivated, and hole, the both sides wall by soil cave is directly placed ground individual layer and uprightly put, and operation road is stayed in centre,
7d after bacterium bag mycelia purseful, opens suitable for reading for bacterium bag, and bacterium bag is upright, earthing after the sterilization that covering step (3) is obtained, and thickness of earth covering is 2cm; Ventilating opening ventilation 2-3 time at soil cave top is opened every day during fruiting, each ventilation time 15-30 minute, keeps good aeration condition during fruiting, due to soil cave insulation, moistening effect is better, so without the need to artificially regulating temp. and humidity during sending out bacterium, fruiting, coprinus comatus growth needs can be met.
When in fruiting process, when there is disease in soil cave, spread fertilizer over the fields pulverized limestone to diseased region and carry out covering and disinfect, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields is 500g/m
2, avoid moving, prevent lesion and its spread in china without disease between lesion.The hand of contacted sick mushroom, pathological material of disease or instrument, should clean up, and carry out disinfection to the alcohol that the instrument concentration of volume percent of contact germ is 75%;
(7) receive mushroom and adopt normal operating, after fruiting terminates, remove discarded planting material, foreign material, transport soil cave, and sanitation and hygiene and sterilization deinsectization, soil cave aeration-drying.
The light simplified cultivation method of the present embodiment starts bacterium bag processed in early October, early November earthing, early December starts fruiting, until mid-January cultivation terminate.
After adopting the method for the present embodiment, during coprinus comatus fruiting, the various disease incidence of disease is lower than 5%, and have no the large generation of insect pest, coprinus comatus biological transformation ratio reaches 110%, avoid moving the secondary pollution caused, produce the coprinus comatus traditional semi-underground type plastic tunnel saving Financial cost 15-30% on year-on-year basis with amount.
Comparative example 1
The light simplified cultivation method of coprinus comatus as described in Example 1, difference:
Adopt conventional semi-underground type plastic tunnel as cultivating chicken leg mushroom place.Select physical features higher, the plot of illumination abundance, build semi-underground type plastic tunnel, its specification is dark 1.5m, canopy height 2.3m, the wide 6m ~ 8m of canopy, the long 25m of canopy.Cover the crops straw such as corn stalk, wheat straw on the plastic film, be used for shading and Winter protection.Plastic film pastes ground and relatively stays air vent 1 every 3m.
Compared with embodiment 1, semi-underground type plastic tunnel, summer, temperature of shed was at about 22-33 DEG C, and winter temperature is at about 1-15 DEG C, and spring and autumn temperature is at about 10-25 DEG C.Coprinus comatus belongs to the higher type of middle temperature steady temperature fecundity mushroom.Mycelial growth thermophilic 20 ~ 28 DEG C, and mycelia can be melted certainly more than 35 DEG C; Fruiting temperature range 9 ~ 28 DEG C, generally lower than 8 DEG C, higher than 30 DEG C, fruit body is difficult to be formed, and at 16 ~ 22 DEG C, fruit body generation quantity is maximum, and output is the highest.Through comparing, can find out, semi-underground type plastic tunnel is unsuitable for coprinus comatus summer, Winter Cultivation, be only suitable at spring and autumn cultivating drumstick mushroom, and semi-underground type plastic tunnel cost is high, wastes time and energy, temperature humidity controls improper easy generation coprinus comatus black spot, blackhead disease.
Comparative example 2
Method for cultivating chicken leg mushroom as described in Example 1, difference is:
(1) Shandong is selected to plant chicken mushroom No. 1 as cultivar, bacterium bag is made with the polyethylene plastic bag of long 45cm, folding footpath 22cm, every sacked material height 25cm, sowing quantity are 10% of planting material quality, 3 layers, 4 layers of bacterial classification layer are adopted to cultivate the pack mode of the bed of material, the cultivation bed of material is sandwiched between bacterial classification layer, obtained bacterium bag;
(4) after bacterium bag demoulding, bacterium rod keeps flat, 2 ~ 3 centimetres, interval, with earthing, gap is filled and led up, water one time permeable after, on whole fruiting face, cover the earthing of 2 centimetres after de-bag, evenly spray 1% limewash, finally cover the moisturizing of furrow face with film is built on stilts, then carry out management of producing mushroom, in management of producing mushroom process, carry out the process of mosquito proof protection against rodents;
Through statistics, coprinus comatus black spot and the blackhead disease head tide mushroom incidence of disease reach 15%, and the two damp mushroom incidences of disease reach more than 45%, are illly significantly higher than comparative example 1, the total biological transformation ratio 78% of two damp mushrooms.
Compared with embodiment 1, bacterium bag is being made with the polyethylene plastic bag of long 45cm, folding footpath 22cm, after bacterium bag demoulding, earthing coprinus comatus black spot and the blackhead disease head tide mushroom incidence of disease also obviously raise, thus cause output to reduce, earthing cross-infection after bacterium bag demoulding, and de-bag tedious steps, add than embodiment 1 and adds additional labour cost.
Comparative example 3
Method for cultivating chicken leg mushroom as described in Example 1, difference is, in management of producing mushroom process, do not carry out the process of mosquito proof protection against rodents.
Through statistics, coprinus comatus black spot and the total biological transformation ratio 85.6% of the blackhead disease head tide mushroom damp mushroom of the damp mushroom incidence of disease 25.8%, two of the incidence of disease 4.5%, two.
Compared with embodiment 1, premenarcheal earthing process, the head tide mushroom disease incidence of disease is not high, and with embodiment 1 without significant difference, but two damp mushrooms are not owing to carrying out pest control, and insect pest is obvious, and the disease incidence of disease also obviously raises, thus causes output to reduce.
Claims (7)
1. the light simplified cultivation method of coprinus comatus, comprises the steps:
(1) soil cave is built in the clay geology in gully, in vertical thickness 4 ~ 6m place, distance clay geology surface, level digs long 80 ~ 100m, wide 2.2 ~ 2.4m, high 1.6 ~ 1.8m and the curved strip soil cave in top, hole, distance between adjacent soil cave hole is 8-10m, each hole place sets up for being entered, the surge chamber of discharging, in soil cave, insect disinfestation device is installed, arrange at top, hole and be communicated with extraneous ventilating opening, ventilating opening envelope establishes two-layer obstruct net, skin is the wire netting of protection against rodents, internal layer is the insect protected gauze in 0.28mm aperture, each hole arranges sterilization insect protected isolation strip, installing screen door carries out mosquito-proof, protection against rodents,
(2) bacterial classification is chosen disease-resistant, high yielding variety Shandong and is planted chicken mushroom No. 1, extra white 36 or extra white 33 as cultivar;
(3) earthing process: choose not containing pathogen, without the clay loam at 20-25cm place below the turfy soil of worm's ovum and miscellaneous bacteria or farming operation layer as earthing, be mixed with solution by 50wt% prochloraz-manganese chloride complex 30 ~ 35g 10 ~ 15kg that adds water, be evenly sprayed at 1m
3on above-mentioned turfy soil or clay loam, and then add pulverized limestone by 2 ~ 3% of turfy soil or clay loam quality, mixing, add water and regulate water content to 25 ~ 30wt%, pile vexed process 5 ~ 8d with diaphragm seal, remove film and to dry in the air heap 5 ~ 6h, earthing after being sterilized;
(4) soil cave pretreatment:
Soil cave uses first 6 ~ 8 days, is flattened on soil cave ground, then presses 200-300g/m
2amount spread fertilizer over the fields pulverized limestone on ground, then carry out spray disinfectant with the prochloraz-manganese chloride complex salting liquid of 50wt% and 4.5wt% permethrin milk oil solution to hole interior walls, ground, layer frame, the amount of application of described prochloraz-manganese chloride complex salting liquid is 0.07 ~ 0.1g/m
2, the amount of application of permethrin milk oil solution is 0.04 ~ 0.06mL/m
2; Use first 3 ~ 5 days with sodium dichloro cyanurate aerosol stifling 24 ~ 36 hours, sodium dichloro cyanurate aerosol amount of application is 2 ~ 3g/m
3, use front 1 ~ 2d to ventilate, soil cave after being sterilized;
(5) adopt fermentation material as planting material, long 55-60cm, the polyethylene plastic bag of folding footpath 50-55cm makes bacterium bag, every sacked material height 14-16cm, and sowing quantity is 10 ~ 15% of planting material quality, through packing obtained bacterium bag;
(6) carry out sending out a bacterium in soil cave after bacterium bag obtained for step (5) being moved to the obtained sterilization of step (4), hole, the both sides wall by soil cave is directly placed ground individual layer and is uprightly put or be placed on layer frame and be spread in a single layer, and operation road is stayed in centre,
5-8d after bacterium bag mycelia purseful, opens suitable for reading for bacterium bag, earthing after the sterilization that covering step (3) is obtained, and thickness of earth covering is 2-3cm; Ventilating opening ventilation 2-3 time at soil cave top is opened every day, each ventilation time 15-30 minute during fruiting;
When in fruiting process, when there is disease in soil cave, spread fertilizer over the fields pulverized limestone to diseased region and carry out covering and disinfect, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields is 300-500g/m
2, and to contact germ instrument concentration of volume percent be 75% alcohol or mass percent concentration 0.25% bromogeramine solution carry out disinfection;
(7) receive mushroom and adopt normal operating, after fruiting terminates, remove discarded planting material, foreign material, transport soil cave, and sanitation and hygiene and sterilization deinsectization, soil cave aeration-drying.
2. the light simplified cultivation method of coprinus comatus according to claim 1, also comprises the steps:
After first damp mushroom is terminated, cleaning fruiting face, excavates residual mushroom, sick worm mushroom, dead mushroom, rotten mushroom, pathological material of disease and impurity, shift out soil cave, the recess in fruiting face fills up earthing after the obtained sterilization of step (3), and then spray fruiting face with 1-2wt% limewash, fountain height is 1.0-1.5kg/m
2, after 8-10d, go out lower damp mushroom.
3. the light simplified cultivation method of coprinus comatus according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described ventilating opening lower port diameter is 1.0m-1.5m, and upper port diameter is 0.6m-0.7m, upper port exceeds clay geology surface 1.5m-2.0m, and described ventilating opening is vertically set on top, soil cave hole.
4. the light simplified cultivation method of coprinus comatus according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the described each 3-4m of surge chamber length.
5. the light simplified cultivation method of coprinus comatus according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the pack of described step (2) adopts 2 layers, 3 layers of bacterial classification layer to cultivate the pack mode of the bed of material, and the cultivation bed of material is sandwiched between bacterial classification layer.
6. the light simplified cultivation method of coprinus comatus according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (3), prochloraz-manganese chloride complex salting liquid is obtain with the water that 50% prochloraz-manganese chloride complex adds weight 1000 ~ 1500 times, and permethrin milk oil solution is obtain with the water that 4.5% r adds weight 1000 ~ 1500 times.
7. the light simplified cultivation method of coprinus comatus according to claim 1, is characterized in that, installing insect disinfestation device in soil cave is by 1/600m in every bar soil cave
2density green insecticidal lamp is installed or by 20 ~ 30/600m
2density hangs insect-sticking plate insect protected.
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