CN106164080A - 硅化合物、涂剂用树脂组合物、成形体、图像显示装置 - Google Patents
硅化合物、涂剂用树脂组合物、成形体、图像显示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106164080A CN106164080A CN201580018042.0A CN201580018042A CN106164080A CN 106164080 A CN106164080 A CN 106164080A CN 201580018042 A CN201580018042 A CN 201580018042A CN 106164080 A CN106164080 A CN 106164080A
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- resin
- silicon compound
- acid
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Abstract
本案发明为一种可提高硬涂剂等的耐擦伤性的化合物、及含有该化合物的涂剂用树脂组合物。本案的硅化合物为说明书的式(I)所表示的硅化合物(a),并且R1为碳数3或4的亚烷基,X为选自由说明书的式(II)~式(III)所组成的组群中的一个基团,n为0或1的整数,Y为选自由说明书的式(IV)~式(VI)所组成的组群中的具有(甲基)丙烯酸酯基的一个基团,R2为氢或甲基。若将硅化合物(a)与硬化性树脂一起使用,则可明显提高可认为是由应力缓和所得的耐擦伤性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种可用于涂剂的硅化合物及涂剂用树脂组合物,特别涉及一种明显提高耐擦伤性的硅化合物、及可实现明显提高了耐擦伤性的涂布的树脂组合物。
背景技术
近年来,可携带且在室外也可使用的液晶显示器(liquid crystal display,LCD)终端的普及惊人,可举出智能手机(smart phone)、个人导航设备(personal navigationdevice,PND)所代表的移动终端或谷歌眼镜(Google Glass)所代表的可穿戴显示器(wearable display)作为例子。
这些制品由于是携带而使用,因此需要轻量化,正采用将构件的一部分由玻璃替换成塑料的方法。但是,塑料(特别是聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(Polyethylene terephthalate,PET)、聚碳酸酯(Polycarbonate,PC)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(Polymethyl methacrylate,PMMA)、环烯烃等)虽具有轻量且透明性高的特征,但缺乏耐擦伤性。作为其解决手段,广泛地使用通过利用硬涂剂的表面处理来防止擦伤的方法。
作为防止擦伤的方法,专利文献1中公开了一种涂剂,该涂剂为玻璃基板用的耐擦伤性优异的涂剂,且与玻璃的密接性及防飞散性优异(段落0019)。专利文献2中公开了一种积层体,该积层体具有对深的损伤也具有修复能力、反复表现出修复能力的自我修复层(段落0004)。损伤的修复是通过以下方式进行:将使热塑性树脂混合至活性能量线硬化性树脂中而生成的涂布液涂布在基材层上,使活性能量线硬化性树脂硬化而生成涂膜,在涂膜中产生了损伤的情况下将该涂膜加热,由此涂膜所含的热塑性树脂软化而填埋损伤(段落0005)。专利文献3中公开了一种使用二甲基硅酮(甲基)丙烯酸酯寡聚物的光硬化性树脂组合物。然而,其是以用于水周围构件及功能性屏为目的,并未考虑显示器所要求那样的透明性或低雾值。另外,其是以赋予长期的拨水性或润滑性为目的,关于由应力缓和等所得的涂膜的耐擦伤性,并未考虑(权利要求1、段落0008)。
[现有技术文献]
[专利文献]
[专利文献1]日本专利特开2006-290696号公报
[专利文献2]日本专利特开2013-154631号公报
[专利文献3]日本专利特开2013-023547号公报
发明内容
[发明所欲解决的课题]
即便是像上文所述那样的涂剂或积层体,也一直要求提高耐擦伤性。
因此,本发明的课题在于提供一种可提高硬涂剂等的耐擦伤性的化合物、及含有该化合物的涂剂用树脂组合物。
[用来解决课题的手段]
本发明者等人发现,若将对硅酮化合物的两末端进行丙烯酸改性而成的化合物(硅化合物)添加到硬涂剂等中,则耐擦伤性明显提高,从而完成了本发明。此外,所谓“丙烯酸改性”,是指将(甲基)丙烯酰基导入到化合物中。
本发明的第一实施方式的硅化合物为下述式(I)所表示的硅化合物(a),并且R1为碳数3或4的亚烷基,X为选自由下述式(II)~式(III)所组成的组群中的一个基团,n为0或1的整数,Y为选自由下述式(IV)~式(VI)所组成的组群中的具有(甲基)丙烯酸酯基的一个基团,R2为氢或甲基。
[化1]
[化2]
若像这样而构成,则通过将硅酮链短的硅化合物(a)添加到硬涂剂等中,可获得明显提高了耐擦伤性的涂剂。可认为其原因在于:若将硅化合物(a)与硬化性树脂一起使用,则由于硅化合物(a)具有短的硅酮骨架,因此可均匀地溶解于基质的树脂中;以及由于硅化合物(a)具有润滑性、脱模性、可挠性(柔软性),因此明显提高可认为是由应力缓和所得的耐擦伤性。
本发明的第二实施方式的涂剂用树脂组合物含有:所述第一实施方式的硅化合物;及硬化性树脂(b)。
若像这样而构成,则可获得明显提高了可认为是由应力缓和所得的耐擦伤性的涂剂用树脂组合物。
本发明的第三实施方式的涂剂用树脂组合物为所述本发明的第二实施方式的涂剂用树脂组合物,其中,所述硬化性树脂(b)为具有至少一个(甲基)丙烯酰基的紫外线硬化性树脂。
若像这样而构成,则通过紫外线照射,硅化合物(a)所具有的(甲基)丙烯酰基与硬化性树脂(b)所具有的(甲基)丙烯酰基可键合,可将硅化合物(a)固定到硬化性树脂(b)上。
本发明的第四实施方式的成形体为一种成形体,并且具备:使所述本发明的第二实施方式或第三实施方式的涂剂用树脂组合物硬化而成的硬化物;及经所述硬化物覆盖的基材。
若像这样而构成,则可利用使涂剂用树脂组合物硬化而成的硬化物来保护基材的表面,可明显提高成形体的耐擦伤性。
本发明的第五实施方式的成形体为所述本发明的第四实施方式的成形体,其中,所述成形体与所述基材的雾值之差为1%以下。
若像这样而构成,则在将成形体设置于图像显示装置等的图像屏的表面的情况下,可在不难看到图像屏的显示的情况下保护图像屏的表面。
本发明的第六实施方式的图像显示装置具备:所述本发明的第五实施方式的成型体;及将所述成形体设置在画面上的图像屏。
若像这样而构成,则可利用明显提高了耐擦伤性的成形体来保护图像屏表面,可明显提高图像显示装置成的耐擦伤性。
[发明的效果]
本发明的硅化合物为对硅酮化合物的两末端进行丙烯酸改性而成的硅化合物,且为可明显提高硬涂剂等的耐擦伤性的化合物。另外,通过含有该化合物,可获得耐擦伤性明显提高的涂剂用树脂组合物。
附图说明
图1为例示本发明的第四实施例的图像显示装置的图。
图2(a)为实施例的磨损痕的示意图,图2(b)为比较例的磨损痕的示意图。
具体实施方式
本申请案是基于2014年3月31日在日本提出申请的日本专利申请案2014-074666号,其内容作为本申请案的内容而形成其一部分。本发明可根据以下的详细说明而更完全地理解。本发明的进一步的应用范围将由以下的详细说明而表明。然而,详细说明及特定的实例为本发明的理想实施例,仅是以说明为目的而记载。其原因在于:本领域技术人员明确,根据该详细说明,各种变更、改变在本发明的精神及范围内。申请人无意将所记载的实施例均呈献于公众,其改变、代替案中,在文句上可能不包括在权利要求的范围内的发明也应视为同等原则下的发明的一部分。
以下,参照附图对本发明的实施例加以说明。此外,各图中,对彼此相同或相当的部分标注相同或类似的符号,省略重复说明。另外,本发明不受以下的实施例的限制。
[硅化合物(a)]
对作为本案的第一实施例的硅化合物的硅化合物(a)加以说明。硅化合物(a)的结构如下。
硅化合物(a)为含有硅酮链(成为主链的硅氧烷键)、且其两末端经丙烯酸改性的化合物。特别优选的是下述式(VII-2)中含有n=1的硅氧烷键的硅化合物(a)。两末端含有作为官能基的(甲基)丙烯酰基,可根据官能基的个数而分类为二官能丙烯酸改性硅化合物、四官能丙烯酸改性硅化合物、八官能丙烯酸改性硅化合物等。
此外,硅化合物(a)通过改变对硅化合物(a)导入的(甲基)丙烯酰基的个数而调整丙烯酸当量,可调节对硬化性树脂(b)的相溶性。另外,通过不变更(甲基)丙烯酰基的个数而改变硅酮链来调整丙烯酸当量,也可调节硅化合物(a)对硬化性树脂(b)的相溶性,因此优选。
将成为硅化合物(a)的骨架的结构例示于下述式(VII-1)中。式(VII-1)中,n为1~20的整数。亚烷基(-C3H6-)为例示,也可为其他亚烷基。X为具有(甲基)丙烯酰基的基团。X中,R2为氢或甲基。
此外,通过将硅酮链的n设为1~20,可提高硅化合物(a)的相溶性,可将雾值维持于适性值以下,因此优选。
[化3]
硅化合物(a)中,特别优选下述式(VII-2)所示的含有n=1的硅氧烷键的硅化合物(a)。可将硅化合物(a)以良好的相溶性混合到硬化性树脂中。R1为碳数3或4的亚烷基。X为具有氨基甲酸酯骨架及在末端具有(甲基)丙烯酰基的基团。X中,R2为氢或甲基,n为0或1的整数。
[化4]
·二官能丙烯酸改性硅化合物
X为下述式(VIII)的基团。
[化5]
·四官能丙烯酸改性硅化合物
X为下述式(IX)或式(X)的基团。
式(X)中,Y为下述式(XI)、式(XII)或式(XIII)的基团。
[化6]
[化7]
·八官能丙烯酸改性硅化合物
X为下述式(XIV)的基团。
[化8]
以下,示出二官能丙烯酸改性硅化合物作为例子。式(VII-2)中,R1为碳数3的亚烷基,X为式(VIII),R2为氢,n为1。进而,示出四官能丙烯酸改性硅化合物。式(VII-2)中,R1为碳数3的亚烷基,X为式(IX),R2为氢,n为1。
[化9]
以下例示本案的硅化合物(a)的合成方法。
关于硅化合物(a),使含羟基的硅氧烷化合物(例如捷恩智(JNC)(股)制造的塞拉普兰(Silaplane)FM4401)在锡催化剂(例如二月桂酸二丁基锡)的存在下,与丙烯酰氧基乙基异氰酸酯(例如昭和电工(股)制造的卡兰茨(Karenz)AOI)等具有(甲基)丙烯酰基的异氰酸酯反应,借此可获得二官能丙烯酸改性硅化合物。
[化10]
或者,使含羟基的硅氧烷化合物(例如捷恩智(JNC)(股)制造的塞拉普兰(Silaplane)FM4401)在锡催化剂(例如二月桂酸二丁基锡)的存在下,与1,1′-(双丙烯酰氧基甲基)乙基异氰酸酯(例如昭和电工(股)制造的卡兰茨(Karenz)BEI(商品名))等具有(甲基)丙烯酰基的异氰酸酯反应,借此可获得四官能丙烯酸改性硅化合物。
[化11]
或者,使1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷在铂催化剂的存在下与三羟甲基丙烷烯丙基醚等反应,获得两末端二羟基改性硅化合物。
然后,使两末端二羟基改性硅化合物在锡催化剂(例如二月桂酸二丁基锡)的存在下,与1,1′-(双丙烯酰氧基甲基)乙基异氰酸酯(例如昭和电工(股)制造的卡兰茨(Karenz)BEI)等具有(甲基)丙烯酰基的异氰酸酯反应,借此可获得八官能丙烯酸改性硅化合物。
此外,关于含羟基的硅氧烷化合物的制造方法,可参照日本专利第3661807号公报。
另外,两末端羟基改性硅化合物与具有(甲基)丙烯酰基的异氰酸酯的反应中使用的催化剂也可使用:胺系催化剂(例如三乙二胺)、羧酸盐催化剂(例如环烷酸铅、乙酸钾)、三烷基膦催化剂(例如三乙基膦)、钛系催化剂(例如正丁氧化钛)等。
[涂剂用树脂组合物]
本案的第二实施例的涂剂用树脂组合物为含有所述经丙烯酸改性的硅化合物(a)的树脂组合物。本案的涂剂用树脂组合物可通过在含有硬化性树脂(b)的涂布液中添加硅化合物(a)而容易地制备。例如,通过在利用日本专利第5375100号公报中记载的方法所制备的涂布液中添加硅化合物(a)、视需要的适于硬化性树脂(b)的聚合引发剂、及用来促进混合的溶剂等,可获得本案的涂剂用树脂组合物。
溶剂例如包括:醚系溶剂(二乙醚、四氢呋喃、二苯醚、苯甲醚、二甲氧基苯、丙二醇单甲醚等)、卤化烃系溶剂(二氯甲烷、氯仿、氯苯等)、酮系溶剂(丙酮、甲基乙基酮、甲基异丁基酮等)、醇系溶剂(甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇、丁醇、叔丁醇等)、腈系溶剂(乙腈、内腈、苄腈等)、酯系溶剂(乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯等)、碳酸酯系溶剂(碳酸亚乙酯、碳酸亚丙酯等)、酰胺系溶剂(N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺)、氢氯氟碳系溶剂(HCFC-141b、HCFC-225)、氢氟碳(HFCs)系溶剂(碳数2~4、5及6以上的HFCs)、全氟碳系溶剂(全氟戊烷、全氟己烷)、脂环式氧氟碳系溶剂(氟环戊烷、氟环丁烷)、含氧的氟系溶剂(氟醚、氟聚醚、氟酮、氟醇)、芳香族系氟溶剂(α,α,α-三氟甲苯、六氟苯)、水。可将这些溶剂单独使用,也可并用两种以上。
在将硅化合物(a)与硬化性树脂(b)的总量设为100wt%的情况下,优选的是含有0.5wt%~40wt%的硅化合物(a)。二官能丙烯酸改性硅化合物优选0.5wt%以上且小于20wt%,特别优选5wt%~10wt%。四官能丙烯酸改性硅化合物特别优选0.5wt%~30wt%,八官能丙烯酸改性硅化合物特别优选0.5wt%~40wt%。若官能基数变多,则溶解性上升,因此可增加添加量。
·硬化性树脂(b)
硬化性树脂(b)可举出活性能量线硬化性树脂或热硬化性树脂。从硬化方法的容易性来看,更优选活性能量线硬化性树脂,特别优选紫外线硬化性树脂。
此外,本说明书中,所谓活性能量线,是指可将产生活性种的化合物分解而产生活性种的能量线。这种活性能量线可举出:可见光、紫外线、红外线等光能量线或X射线、α射线、β射线、γ射线、电子束等放射线。其中,特别优选紫外线。
·活性能量线硬化性树脂
活性能量线硬化性树脂可举出:(甲基)丙烯酸氨基甲酸酯树脂、聚酯(甲基)丙烯酸酯树脂、(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧(甲基)丙烯酸酯树脂等具有可进行自由基聚合的不饱和键的树脂。可将这些树脂单独使用,或将多种树脂组合使用。其中,优选(甲基)丙烯酸氨基甲酸酯树脂、聚酯(甲基)丙烯酸酯树脂。(甲基)丙烯酸氨基甲酸酯树脂因氨基甲酸酯结构而容易获得强韧的涂膜,同时具备柔软性。
(甲基)丙烯酸氨基甲酸酯树脂例如可举出含自由基聚合性不饱和基的寡聚物,该含自由基聚合性不饱和基的寡聚物可通过使聚异氰酸酯与多羟基化合物或多元醇类反应后,进一步使含羟基的(甲基)丙烯酸化合物及视需要的含羟基的烯丙基醚化合物反应而获得。
所述聚异氰酸酯具体可举出:2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯及其异构物、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、氢化亚二甲苯二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、亚二甲苯二异氰酸酯、二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯、萘二异氰酸酯、三苯基甲烷三异氰酸酯,巴诺克(Burnock)D-750、克里斯朋(Crisbon)NK(商品名:大日本油墨化学工业(股)制造),德斯莫度(Desmodule)L(商品名:住友拜耳氨酯(Sumitomo Bayer Urethane)(股)制造),克罗奈特(Coronate)L(商品名:日本聚氨酯工业(股)制造),塔克奈特(Takenate)D102(商品名:三井武田化学(股)制造),伊索奈特(Isonate)143L(商品名:三菱化学(股)制造)等。
所述多羟基化合物可举出:聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、聚碳酸酯多元醇、聚己内酯多元醇等,具体可举出:甘油-环氧乙烷加成物、甘油-环氧丙烷加成物、甘油-四氢呋喃加成物、甘油-环氧乙烷-环氧丙烷加成物、三羟甲基丙烷-环氧乙烷加成物、三羟甲基丙烷-环氧丙烷加成物、三羟甲基丙烷-四氢呋喃加成物、三羟甲基丙烷-环氧乙烷-环氧丙烷加成物、二季戊四醇-环氧乙烷加成物、二季戊四醇-环氧丙烷加成物、二季戊四醇-四氢呋喃加成物、二季戊四醇-环氧乙烷-环氧丙烷加成物等。
所述多元醇类具体可举出:乙二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、聚乙二醇、丙二醇、二丙二醇、聚丙二醇、2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、双酚A与环氧丙烷或环氧乙烷的加成物、1,2,3,4-四羟基丁烷、甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、1,2-环己二醇、1,3-环己二醇、1,4-环己二醇、对苯二甲醇、双环己基-4,4-二醇、2,6-十氢萘二醇、2,7-十氢萘二醇等。
所述含羟基的(甲基)丙烯酸化合物并无特别限定,优选含羟基的(甲基)丙烯酸酯,具体来说,例如可举出:(甲基)丙烯酸-2-羟基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸-2-羟基丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸-3-羟基丁酯、聚乙二醇单(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚丙二醇单(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三(羟基乙基)异氰脲酸二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇三(甲基)丙烯酸酯等。
聚酯(甲基)丙烯酸酯树脂可举出:(1)使含有α,β-不饱和羧酸酯基的环氧化合物、与由饱和多元酸和/或不饱和多元酸与多元醇所得的末端羧基的聚酯反应而获得的(甲基)丙烯酸酯;(2)使含羟基的丙烯酸酯、与由饱和多元酸和/或不饱和多元酸与多元醇所得的末端羧基的聚酯反应而获得的(甲基)丙烯酸酯;(3)使(甲基)丙烯酸、与由饱和多元酸和/或不饱和多元酸与多元醇所得的末端羟基的聚酯反应而获得的(甲基)丙烯酸酯。
用作聚酯(甲基)丙烯酸酯的原料的饱和多元酸例如可举出:邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、四氢邻苯二甲酸、己二酸、癸二酸等不具有聚合性不饱和键的多元酸或其酸酐,以及富马酸、马来酸、衣康酸等聚合性不饱和多元酸或其酸酐。进而,多元醇成分可举出:乙二醇、丙二醇、二乙二醇、二丙二醇、1,2-丁二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇、2,2-二甲基-1,3-丙二醇、环己烷-1,4-二甲醇、双酚A的环氧乙烷加成物、双酚A的环氧丙烷加成物等。
(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体可举出使α,β-不饱和羧酸与多元醇反应而获得的化合物。例如可举出:聚亚烷基二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、乙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯、丙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚乙烯聚三羟甲基丙烷二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷乙氧基三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷二乙氧基三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三乙氧基三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷四乙氧基三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷五乙氧基三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、四羟甲基甲烷四(甲基)丙烯酸酯、四羟甲基丙烷四(甲基)丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇四(甲基)丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇五(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇五(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇六(甲基)丙烯酸酯等。
不饱和聚酯树脂可举出:将由多元醇与不饱和多元酸(及视需要的饱和多元酸)的酯化反应所得的缩合产物(不饱和聚酯)溶解在聚合性单体中所得的树脂。
所述不饱和聚酯可使马来酸酐等不饱和酸与乙二醇等二醇进行缩聚而制造。具体可举出:将富马酸、马来酸、衣康酸等具有聚合性不饱和键的多元酸或其酸酐作为酸成分,使其与作为醇成分的乙二醇、丙二醇、二乙二醇、二丙二醇、1,2-丁二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇、2,2-二甲基-1,3-丙二醇、环己烷-1,4-二甲醇、双酚A的环氧乙烷加成物、双酚A的环氧丙烷加成物等多元醇反应,另外,视需要也添加邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、四氢邻苯二甲酸、己二酸、癸二酸等不具有聚合性不饱和键的多元酸或其酸酐作为酸成分而制造的不饱和聚酯。
环氧(甲基)丙烯酸酯树脂可举出:将通过具有缩水甘油基(环氧基)的化合物、与丙烯酸等具有聚合性不饱和键的羧基化合物的羧基的开环反应而生成的具有聚合性不饱和键的化合物(乙烯酯)溶解在聚合性单体中所得的树脂。
所述乙烯酯是利用众所周知的方法而制造,可举出使不饱和一元酸、例如丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸与环氧树脂反应而获得的环氧(甲基)丙烯酸酯。
另外,也可利用双酚(例如A型)或己二酸、癸二酸、二聚酸(哈利二聚物(Haridimer)270S(商品名):哈利马化成(Harima Kasei)(股))等二元酸使各种环氧树脂反应,赋予可挠性。
作为原料的环氧树脂可举出:双酚A二缩水甘油醚及其高分子量同系物、酚醛清漆型缩水甘油醚类等。
在使用活性能量线硬化性树脂的情况下,视需要可添加硬化剂。该情况下,相对于活性能量线硬化性树脂的总体量,硬化剂的含量优选0.1wt%~10wt%,更优选0.1wt%~5wt%,特别优选0.1wt%~4wt%。硬化剂可利用活性能量线聚合引发剂。活性能量线聚合引发剂只要为通过紫外线或可见光线等活性能量线的照射而产生自由基的化合物,则并无特别限定。用作活性能量线聚合引发剂的化合物有:二苯甲酮、米氏酮、4,4′-双(二乙基氨基)二苯甲酮、呫吨酮、噻吨酮、异丙基呫吨酮、2,4-二乙基噻吨酮、2-乙基蒽醌、苯乙酮、2-羟基-2-甲基苯丙酮、2-羟基-2-甲基-4′-异丙基苯丙酮、1-羟基环己基苯基酮、异丙基安息香醚、异丁基安息香醚、2,2-二乙氧基苯乙酮、2,2-二甲氧基-2-苯基苯乙酮、樟脑醌、苯并蒽酮、2-甲基-1-[4-(甲硫基)苯基]-2-吗啉基丙烷-1-酮、2-苄基-2-二甲基氨基-1-(4-吗啉基苯基)-丁酮、1,4-二甲基氨基苯甲酸乙酯、4-二甲基氨基苯甲酸异戊酯、4,4′-二(叔丁基过氧羰基)二苯甲酮、3,4,4′-三(叔丁基过氧羰基)二苯甲酮、2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基二苯基膦氧化物、2-(4′-甲氧基苯乙烯基)-4,6-双(三氯甲基)-均三嗪、2-(3′,4′-二甲氧基苯乙烯基)-4,6-双(三氯甲基)-均三嗪、2-(2′,4′-二甲氧基苯乙烯基)-4,6-双(三氯甲基)-均三嗪、2-(2′-甲氧基苯乙烯基)-4,6-双(三氯甲基)-均三嗪、2-(4′-戊氧基苯乙烯基)-4,6-双(三氯甲基)-均三嗪、4-[对-N,N-二(乙氧基羰基甲基)]-2,6-二(三氯甲基)-均三嗪、1,3-双(三氯甲基)-5-(2′-氯苯基)-均三嗪、1,3-双(三氯甲基)-5-(4′-甲氧基苯基)-均三嗪、2-(对二甲基氨基苯乙烯基)苯并恶唑、2-(对二甲基氨基苯乙烯基)苯并噻唑、2-巯基苯并噻唑、3,3′-羰基双(7-二乙基氨基香豆素)、2-(邻氯苯基)-4,4′,5,5′-四苯基-1,2′-联咪唑、2,2′-双(2-氯苯基)-4,4′,5,5′-四(4-乙氧基羰基苯基)-1,2′-联咪唑、2,2′-双(2,4-二氯苯基)-4,4′,5,5′-四苯基-1,2′-联咪唑、2,2′-双(2,4-二溴苯基)-4,4′,5,5′-四苯基-1,2′-联咪唑、2,2′-双(2,4,6-三氯苯基)-4,4′,5,5′-四苯基-1,2′-联咪唑、3-(2-甲基-2-二甲基氨基丙酰基)咔唑、3,6-双(2-甲基-2-吗啉基丙酰基)-9-正十二烷基咔唑、1-羟基环己基苯基酮、双(η5-2,4-环戊二烯-1-基)-双(2,6-二氟-3-(1H-吡咯-1-基)-苯基)钛等。这些化合物可单独使用,将两种以上混合使用也有效。其中,优选3,3′,4,4′-四(叔丁基过氧羰基)二苯甲酮、3,3′,4,4′-四(叔己基过氧羰基)二苯甲酮、3,3′-二(甲氧基羰基)-4,4′-二(叔丁基过氧羰基)二苯甲酮、3,4′-二(甲氧基羰基)-4,3′-二(叔丁基过氧羰基)二苯甲酮、4,4′-二(甲氧基羰基)-3,3′-二(叔丁基过氧羰基)二苯甲酮等。
关于活性能量线硬化性树脂,可通过活性能量线源照射紫外线(Ultraviolet,UV)或电子束等而使其硬化。
作为一例,对使紫外线照射于活性能量线硬化性树脂而使用的情况进行说明。活性能量线硬化性树脂优选的是通过在光聚合引发剂的存在下照射紫外线使其聚合而硬化。光聚合引发剂例如可举出:各种安息香衍生物、二苯甲酮衍生物、苯基酮衍生物、鎓盐光引发剂、有机金属光引发剂、金属盐阳离子光引发剂、光分解性有机硅烷、潜伏性磺酸、氧化膦等。相对于活性能量线硬化性树脂100重量份,光聚合引发剂的添加量优选的是设定为1重量份~5重量份。
·热硬化性树脂
热硬化性树脂例如可举出:酚树脂、醇酸树脂、三聚氰胺系树脂、环氧系树脂、脲树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂、氨基甲酸酯系树脂、热硬化性聚酰亚胺及硅酮树脂等。可将这些树脂单独使用,也可将多种树脂组合使用。
具体来说,从加工适性的方面来看,优选双酚A型环氧树脂、双酚F型环氧树脂、多官能环氧树脂、可挠性环氧树脂、溴化环氧树脂、缩水甘油酯型环氧树脂、高分子型环氧树脂、联苯型环氧树脂等环氧系树脂,甲基化三聚氰胺树脂、丁基化三聚氰胺树脂、甲基醚化三聚氰胺树脂、丁基醚化三聚氰胺树脂、甲基丁基混合醚化三聚氰胺树脂等三聚氰胺系树脂,可通过具有两个以上的异氰酸酯基的聚异氰酸酯化合物(O=C=N-R-N=C=O)与具有两个以上的羟基的多元醇化合物(HO-R′-OH)、多胺(H2N-R"-NH2)或水等具有活性氢(-NH2,-NH,-CONH-等)的化合物等的反应而获得的氨基甲酸酯系树脂等。
环氧系树脂的耐热性、接着性、耐化学品性优异,三聚氰胺系树脂的耐热性、硬度、透明性优异,氨基甲酸酯系树脂的接着性、低温硬化性优异,可适当选择而使用。
热硬化性树脂必须以所需的硬化温度(80℃~160℃)、时间(30秒~180秒)而迅速硬化。根据树脂的种类,也可使用硬化反应引发剂或硬化反应促进剂。例如环氧系树脂的情况下,可举出脂肪族胺或芳香族胺的胺类、聚酰胺树脂、三级胺及二级胺、咪唑类、聚硫醇、酸酐类、路易斯酸络合物,三聚氰胺系树脂的情况下,可举出磺酸系催化剂,氨基甲酸酯系树脂的情况下,可举出有机金属系氨基甲酸酯化催化剂及三级胺系氨基甲酸酯化催化剂等。
所述硬化反应引发剂或硬化反应促进剂只要为可通过活性能量线照射或热能而释出引发阳离子聚合的物质的化合物即可。该硬化反应引发剂的例子包括羧酸、胺、酸酐化合物或酸产生剂等,优选的是作为可释出路易斯酸的鎓盐的复盐或其衍生物。
所述硬化反应引发剂的代表例可举出下述式(1)所表示的阳离子与阴离子的盐。
[A]m+[B]m- (1)
所述式(1)中,阳离子[A]m+优选鎓离子,例如是由下述式(2)所表示。
[(α)aQ]m+ (2)
所述式(2)中,α是碳数为1~60、且可含有若干碳原子以外的原子的有机基。a为1~5的整数。a个α分别独立,可相同也可不同。另外,至少一个α优选具有芳香环的有机基。
Q为选自由S、N、Se、Te、P、As、Sb、Bi、O、I、Br、Cl、F、N=N所组成的组群中的原子或原子团。另外,在将阳离子[A]m+中的Q的原子价设为q时,m=a-q(其中,N=N是以原子价0而处理)。
另一方面,阴离子[B]m-优选卤化物络合物,例如是由下述式(3)所表示。
[LXb]m- (3)
所述式(3)中,L为作为卤化物络合物的中心原子的金属或半金属(Metalloid),为B、P、As、Sb、Fe、Sn、Bi、Al、Ca、In、Ti、Zn、Sc、V、Cr、Mn、Co等。X为卤素原子。b为3~7的整数。另外,在将阴离子[LXb]m-中的L的原子价设为p时,m=b-p。
所述式(3)所表示的阴离子[LXb]m-的具体例中包括:四氟硼酸盐(BF4)、六氟磷酸盐(PF6)、六氟锑酸盐(SbF6)、六氟砷酸盐(AsF6)、六氯锑酸盐(SbCl6)等。
另外,阴离子[B]m-也可优选地使用下述式(4)所表示的阴离子。L、X、b与上文所述相同。
[LXb-1(OH)]m- (4)
阴离子[B]m-的例子中也进一步包括;过氯酸根离子(ClO4)-、三氟甲基亚硫酸根离子(CF3SO3)-、氟磺酸根离子(FSO3)-、甲苯磺酸根阴离子、三硝基苯磺酸根阴离子等。
这种鎓盐中,本发明的硬化反应引发剂进而优选下述(A)~(C)所例示的芳香族鎓盐。这些中,可单独使用其中一种,或可混合使用两种以上。
(A)苯基重氮六氟磷酸盐、4-甲氧基苯基重氮六氟锑酸盐、4-甲基苯基重氮六氟磷酸盐等芳基重氮盐
(B)二苯基碘鎓六氟锑酸盐、二(4-甲基苯基)碘鎓六氟磷酸盐、二(4-叔丁基苯基)碘鎓六氟磷酸盐等二芳基碘鎓盐
(C)三苯基锍六氟锑酸盐、三(4-甲氧基苯基)锍六氟磷酸盐、二苯基-4-硫代苯氧基苯基锍六氟锑酸盐、二苯基-4-硫代苯氧基苯基锍六氟磷酸盐、4,4′-双(二苯基锍基)苯基硫醚-双-六氟锑酸盐、4,4′-双(二苯基锍基)苯基硫醚-双-六氟磷酸盐、4,4′-双[二(β-羟基乙氧基)苯基锍基]苯基硫醚-双-六氟锑酸盐、4,4′-双[二(β-羟基乙氧基)苯基锍基]苯基硫醚-双-六氟磷酸盐、4-[4′-(苯甲酰基)苯硫基]苯基-二-(4-氟苯基)锍六氟锑酸盐、4-[4′-(苯甲酰基)苯硫基]苯基-二-(4-氟苯基)锍六氟磷酸盐等三芳基锍盐
进而,本发明的硬化反应引发剂也可为铁芳烃络合物或铝络合物与三苯基硅烷醇等硅烷醇类的混合物。
铁芳烃络合物的例子中包括(η5-2,4-环戊二烯-1-基)[(1,2,3,4,5,6-η)-(1-甲基乙基)苯]-铁-六氟磷酸盐等,铝络合物的例子中包括三(乙酰丙酮)铝、三(乙基乙酰乙酸)铝、三(水杨醛)铝等。
所述中,也从实用方面的观点来看,本发明的实施例的硬化反应引发剂优选芳香族碘鎓盐、芳香族锍盐、铁-芳烃络合物。
相对于环氧树脂所含有的环氧基10摩尔~300摩尔,硬化反应引发剂(优选酸产生剂)的含量优选1摩尔。
硬化树脂层优选的是根据用途而适当具有耐候性、低折射率特性、高折射率特性、防污特性、低磨损特性、阻气特性、耐擦伤特性。也可使用用来赋予这种特性的下述添加剂或方法。
紫外线吸收剂可举出:苯并三唑类、羟基苯基三嗪类、二苯甲酮类、水杨酸酯类、氰基丙烯酸酯类、三嗪类或二苯甲酰基间苯二酚类等。可将这些紫外线吸收剂单独使用,也可将多种紫外线吸收剂组合使用。紫外线吸收剂优选的是根据欲吸收的紫外线的波长而适当选择种类或组合。
抗氧化剂可举出:单酚类(2,6-二-叔丁基对甲酚、丁基化羟基苯甲醚、2,6-二-叔丁基对乙基苯酚、β-(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸硬脂酯等)、双酚类(2,2′-亚甲基双(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)、2,2′-亚甲基双(4-乙基-6-叔丁基苯酚)、4,4′-硫代双(3-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)、4,4′-丁烯基双(3-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)、3,9-双[1,1-二甲基-2-{β-(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苯基)丙酰氧基}乙基]2,4,8,10-四氧杂螺[5,5]十一烷等)、高分子型酚类(1,1,3-三(2-甲基-4-羟基-5-叔丁基苯基)丁烷、1,3,5-三甲基-2,4,6-三(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)苯、四-[亚甲基-3-(3′,5′-二-叔丁基-4′-羟基苯基)丙酸酯]甲烷、双[3,3′-双-(4′-羟基-3′-叔丁基苯基)丁酸]二醇酯、1,3,5-三(3′,5′-二-叔丁基-4′-羟基苄基)-均三嗪-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)三酮、生育酚等)、硫系抗氧化剂(3,3′-硫代二丙酸二月桂酯、3,3′-硫代二丙酸二肉豆蔻酯、3,3′-硫代二丙酸二硬脂酯等)、亚磷酸酯类(亚磷酸三苯酯、亚磷酸二苯基异癸酯、亚磷酸苯基二异癸酯、亚磷酸三(壬基苯基)酯、二异癸基季戊四醇亚磷酸酯、亚磷酸三(2,4-二-叔丁基苯基)酯、环新戊烷四基双(十八烷基)亚磷酸酯、环新戊烷四基双(2,4-二-叔丁基苯基)亚磷酸酯、环新戊烷四基双(2,4-二-叔丁基-4-甲基苯基)亚磷酸酯、双[2-叔丁基-6-甲基-4-{2-(十八烷氧基羰基)乙基}苯基]氢化亚磷酸酯等)、及氧杂磷杂菲氧化物类(9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物、10-(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)-9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物、10-癸氧基-9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物等)。这些抗氧化剂可分别单独使用,优选的是组合为酚系/硫系或酚系/磷系而使用。市售的酚系抗氧化剂可分别单独地利用巴斯夫(BASF)公司制造的艳佳诺(IRGANOX)1010(商品名)或艳佳芙(IRGAFOS)168(商品名),另外,也可将这些混合利用。
光稳定剂(HALS)可举出:巴斯夫(BASF)公司制造的地奴兵(TINUVIN)(注册商标)5100(中性型的通用HALS)、地奴兵(TINUVIN)292(化合物名;癸二酸双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)酯、癸二酸甲基(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)酯)、地奴兵(TINUVIN)152(化合物名:2,4-双[N-丁基-N-(1-环己氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)氨基]-6-(2-羟基乙基胺)-1,3,5-三嗪)、地奴兵(TINUVIN)144(化合物名:丙二酸双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)-[[3,5-双(1,1-二甲基乙基)-4-羟基苯基]甲基]丁酯)、地奴兵(TINUVIN)123(化合物名:癸二酸、双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-1-(辛氧基)-4哌啶基)酯的反应产物(1,1-二甲基乙基氢过氧化物及辛烷存在下))、地奴兵(TINUVIN)111FDL(约50%,地奴兵(TINUVIN)622,化合物名:(丁二酸聚合物(4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基-基)乙醇存在下);约50%,至玛索布(CHIMASSORB)119,化合物名:N-N′-N"-N"′-四(4,6-双(丁基-(N-甲基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)氨基)三嗪-2-基)-4,7-二氮杂癸烷-1,10-二胺);或艾迪科(Adeka)股份有限公司制造的艾迪科斯塔波(Adekastab)LA系列等,具体来说LA-52((5)-6116)、LA-57((5)-5555)、LA-62((5)-5711)、LA-67((5)-5755)。此外,括号内为现有化学物质编号。
关于赋予低折射率特性的方法,优选的是在硬化树脂层中混合以下物质的一种以上:氟化镁等的无机微粒子,或选自由氟倍半硅氧烷、WO2008/072766及WO2008/072765中记载的氟倍半硅氧烷聚合物所组成的组群中的化合物,或含有氟原子的丙烯酸酯化合物等。
关于赋予高折射率特性的方法,优选的是在硬化树脂层中混合以下物质的一种以上:氧化锆、氧化钛、硫化锌等的金属微粒子,或具有茀骨架的丙烯酸酯化合物及环氧化合物,或含有硫原子的丙烯酸酯化合物及环氧化合物等。
可在经赋予了高折射率特性的硬化树脂层上涂布氧化铟锡(Indiun Tin Oxide,ITO)或银纳米线所代表的透明电极材料,通过蚀刻而进行图案化,由此用于组入到静电电容方式的触控屏中的透明电极膜。通过使用经赋予了高折射率特性的硬化树脂层,可不易看到ITO或银纳米线等透明电极材料的导电图案。
另外,通过在经赋予了高折射率特性的硬化树脂层上积层所述具有低折射率特性的层,可获得具有抗反射特性的第一硬化树脂层。
关于赋予防污特性或低摩擦特性的方法,优选的是在硬化树脂层中混合选自由硅酮化合物、氟化合物、氟倍半硅氧烷、WO2008/072766及WO2008/072765中记载的氟倍半硅氧烷聚合物所组成的组群中的一种以上的化合物。
硅酮化合物可举出:毕克(BYK)-UV3500、毕克(BYK)-UV-3570(均为商品名:毕克化学(BYK Chemie)公司制造),特高(TEGO)Rad2100、2200N、2250、2500、2600、2700(均为商品名:德固赛(Degussa)公司制造),X-22-2445、X-22-2455、X-22-2457、X-22-2458、X-22-2459、X-22-1602、X-22-1603、X-22-1615、X-22-1616、X-22-1618、X-22-1619、X-22-2404、X-22-2474、X-22-174DX、X-22-8201、X-22-2426、X-22-164A、X-22-164C(均为商品名:信越化学工业股份有限公司制造)等。
氟化合物可举出:大金工业股份有限公司制造的奥普兹(Optool)DAC、奥普兹(Optool)DAC-HP、R-1110、R-1210、R-1240、R-1620、R-1820、R-2020、R-5210、R-5410、R-5610、R-5810、R-7210、R-7310、美佳法(Megafac)RS-75、美佳法(Megafac)RS-72-K、美佳法(Megafac)RS-76-E、美佳法(Megafac)RS-76-NS、美佳法(Megafac)RS-77、美佳法(Megafac)RS-903-3、美佳法(Megafac)RS-914-2、美佳法(Megafac)RS-761-3(均为商品名)等。
关于赋予阻气特性的方法,优选的是在硬化树脂层中混合石墨烯所代表的层状粘土或二氧化硅、氧化铝、多孔质玻璃等无机成分的一种以上。
关于赋予耐擦伤性的方法,为了提高使本案的涂剂用树脂组合物硬化而获得的硬化膜的表面硬度及耐擦伤性,也可添加无机微粒子。具体的无机微粒子的例子可例示:氧化铝、氧化硅、金红石型氧化钛、氧化锡、氧化锆、氧化铈、氟化镁、氧化铁、氧化锌、氧化铜、氧化锑、冰晶石、萤石)、磷灰石、方解石、石膏及滑石。相对于本案的树脂组合物中的硬化性树脂(b),所使用的无机氧化物的量优选小于60wt%。若小于60wt%,则可维持对基材的良好的密接性。
另外,无机微粒子的平均粒径优选5nm~2μm,若考虑涂膜的透明性,则优选5nm~500nm,更优选5nm~50nm。若为5nm以上,则可提高硬化膜的表面硬度及耐擦伤性,若为2μm以下,则不会对硬化膜的透明性造成不良影响。此外,无机微粒子的平均粒径是使用日机装(股)的麦克其(MICROTRAC)UPA利用动态光散射法来测定。
除此以外,视需要可添加活性能量线增感剂、聚合抑制剂、蜡、塑化剂、调平剂、表面活性剂、分散剂、消泡剂、润湿性改良剂、抗静电剂、硬化助剂等各种添加剂。
若使热塑性树脂等混合到活性能量线硬化性树脂或热硬化性树脂中而使用,则可对该树脂原本的特性(力学物性、表面·界面特性、相溶性等)进行改质。
热塑性树脂的例子中包括:聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚偏二氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯、丙烯腈-苯乙烯树脂、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯树脂、聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯树脂、超高分子量聚乙烯、聚-4-甲基戊烯、间规聚苯乙烯、聚酰胺(尼龙6:杜邦(Dupont)公司商品名,尼龙6,6:杜邦(Dupont)公司商品名,尼龙6,10:杜邦(Dupont)公司商品名,尼龙6,T:杜邦(Dupont)公司商品名,尼龙MXD6:杜邦(Dupont)公司商品名等)、聚酯(聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯、聚2,6-萘二甲酸乙二酯等)、聚缩醛、聚碳酸酯、聚苯醚、氟树脂(聚四氟乙烯、聚偏二氟乙烯、等)、聚苯硫醚、聚砜、聚醚砜、聚醚醚酮、聚芳酯(U聚合物:尤尼吉可(Unitica)(股)商品名,维克特拉(Vectra):宝理塑料(Polyplastics)商品名等)、聚酰亚胺(卡普顿(Kapton):东丽(Toray)(股)商品名,奥拉姆(AURUM):三井化学(股)商品名等)、聚醚酰亚胺及聚酰胺酰亚胺等。
[成形体]
对本发明的第三实施例的成形体加以说明。成形体具备使所述第二实施例的涂剂用树脂组合物硬化而获得的硬化物、及经该硬化物覆盖的基材。因此,可实现基材表面的硬涂,可明显提高基材表面的耐擦伤性,可保护基材表面不受损伤或污染。
·涂布
关于本案的涂剂用树脂组合物的涂布,优选的是使用均匀地涂布组合物的湿式涂布法。湿式涂布法可使用凹版涂布法或口模式涂布法等。此外,涂剂用树脂组合物优选的是适于涂布的状态,也可不含溶剂、或为与溶剂的混合物。
凹版涂布法为以下方式:将表面实施了凸凹的雕刻加工的凹版辊浸渍在涂布液中,利用刮刀将附着于凹版辊表面的凸部的涂布液刮落而在凹部中蓄积溶液,由此准确地计量,并转印至基材上。通过凹版涂布法,可薄薄地涂布低粘度的溶液。
口模式涂布法为从被称为模具的涂布用墨头中一面将溶液加压挤出一面涂布的方式。通过口模式涂布法,可实现高精度的涂布。进而,由于涂布时溶液并未暴露在外气下,因此不易发生由干燥所致的涂布液的浓度变化等。
其他湿式涂布法可举出:旋涂法、棒涂法、反向涂布法、辊涂法、狭缝涂布法、浸渍法、喷雾涂布法、吻合式涂布法、反吻合式涂布法、气刀涂布法、帘幕式涂布法、棒涂法等。涂布的方法可从这些方法中根据所需要的膜厚而适当选择。
·基材
关于基材,可使用具有透明性的各种塑料或玻璃。具有透明性的塑料的材料例如可举出:聚酯系树脂、乙酸酯系树脂、聚醚砜系树脂、聚碳酸酯系树脂、聚酰胺系树脂、聚酰亚胺系树脂、聚烯烃系树脂、(甲基)丙烯酸系树脂、聚氯乙烯系树脂、聚偏二氯乙烯系树脂、聚苯乙烯系树脂、聚乙烯醇系树脂、聚芳酯系树脂、聚苯硫醚系树脂、降冰片烯系树脂、环烯烃系树脂、聚氨基甲酸酯树脂等树脂。具体来说,优选聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)、聚萘二甲酸乙二酯、三乙酰基纤维素、聚醚砜、聚碳酸酯、聚芳酯、聚醚醚酮等。环烯烃系树脂优选瑞诺(Zeonor)(注册商标)、瑞奈克斯(Zeonex)(注册商标):日本瑞翁(Zeon)制造,雅顿(Arton)(注册商标):捷时雅(JSR)制造,阿佩尔(Apel)(注册商标):三井化学制造,托帕斯(Topus)(注册商标):宝理塑料(Polyplastics)制造。此外,聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯及聚萘二甲酸乙二酯由于机械强度、尺寸稳定性、耐热性、耐化学品性、光学特性等及膜表面的平滑性或操作性优异,因此更优选。聚碳酸酯由于透明性、耐冲击性、耐热性、尺寸稳定性、燃烧性优异,因此更优选。若也考虑价格、获取的容易程度,则特别优选聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯。具有透明性的玻璃的材料只要为LCD显示器或触控屏等中使用的尺寸稳定性、光学特性优异的玻璃,则并无限制。例如可举出:碱石灰玻璃、无碱玻璃、碱钡玻璃、硼硅酸玻璃、碱硼硅酸玻璃、铝硼硅酸玻璃、钡硼硅酸玻璃、铝硅酸玻璃、硼酸盐玻璃、二氧化硅玻璃、铅玻璃等。
基材也可为由所述材料所制造的光学用保护膜所用的基材膜,也可为PC、移动终端、汽车导航、液晶显示器等电子设备的显示部或触控屏部中所用的基材,也可为相机、眼镜、护目镜(goggle)等的镜片(lens)。
另外,涂布的基材也可不为透明,也可为电子设备、电气设备、信息技术(Information Technology,IT)相关设备等的框体。像这样,基材无论透明、不透明,只要需要硬涂即可。
·厚度
基材的厚度并无特别限制,视所述例示的物品而不同。例如,光学用保护膜的情况下,基材的厚度优选50μm~300μm,更优选80μm~200μm。若基材的厚度为50μm以上,则基材的机械强度变充分,可在基材上形成涂布。另外,若厚度为300μm以下,则光学用保护膜的厚度不会变得过厚,使用该膜的制品(例如后述图像显示装置)精简化(compact)。
在基材表面制膜的涂剂用树脂组合物的硬化物的厚度也无特别限制,可根据所述例示的物品而适当变更。
·雾值
在将使涂剂用树脂组合物硬化所得的硬化物用于图像显示装置的图像屏表面等的情况下,优选的是具备基材与硬化物的成形体(例如光学用保护膜)的雾值、与仅基材的雾值之差为1%以下。即,成为下述式(5)的关系。若为1%以下,则可在完全未意识到硬化物的存在的情况下辨识图像屏的显示。
|成形体的雾值-基材的雾值|≤1% (5)
此外,所谓雾度,是与膜的透明性有关的指标,表示浊度(雾度)。可使用下述式(6)根据扩散透射光相对于全光线透射光的比例来求出。(Td:扩散透射率,Tt:全光线透射率)
雾度(%)=Td/Tt×100 (6)
[图像显示装置]
对本发明的第三实施例的图像显示装置加以说明。像图1所示那样,图像显示装置具备第二实施例的成形体(例如光学用保护膜11)、及显示通过机械处理而映出的图像的图像屏12。图像屏12中,例如可举出阴极射线管(Cathode ray tube,CRT)、等离子显示屏(Plasma Display Panel,PDP)或LCD等平板显示器。像图1所示那样,在图像屏12上以光学用保护膜11所具备的基材成为下侧的方式载置光学用保护膜11。
[实施例]
[合成例1]
<四官能丙烯酸改性硅化合物A的合成例>
在50g的两末端羟基改性硅化合物(商品名:塞拉普兰(Silaplane)FM4401,羟基当量:173g/mol,捷恩智(JNC)(股)制造)中添加85.1g的1,1′-(双丙烯酰氧基甲基)乙基异氰酸酯(商品名:卡兰茨(Karenz)BEI,昭和电工(股)制造),在氮气环境下加热到45℃。滴加将0.09g的二月桂酸二丁基锡(东京化成(股)制造)溶解于1.0g的甲基乙基酮(和光纯药(股)制造)中所得的溶液,在45℃~50℃下搅拌2小时。进而,添加将0.05g的二月桂酸二丁基锡(东京化成(股)制造)溶解于0.5g的甲基乙基酮(和光纯药(股)制造)中所得的溶液,在相同温度下搅拌2小时。然后,将反应液冰浴冷却,滴加甲醇(17.0g)。在相同温度下搅拌30分钟,获得四官能丙烯酸改性硅化合物A的甲醇溶液(153.3g,固体成分浓度79wt%)。将硅化合物A示于以下。
[化12]
[合成例2]
<两末端羟基改性硅化合物B的合成例>
在250g的两末端二甲基硅烷基聚二甲基硅氧烷(商品名:塞拉普兰(Silaplane)FM1105,重量平均分子量约500,捷恩智(JNC)(股)制造)中添加81.6g的2-烯丙氧基乙醇(西格玛-奥德里奇(Sigma-Aldrich)(股)制造),在氮气环境下加热到70度。滴加4μl的铂催化剂二甲苯溶液(商品名:PT-VTSC-3.0X,日本优美科(Umicore Japan)(股)制造,Pt含量3wt%)。以反应体系内不超过100℃的方式滴加80.1g的两末端二甲基硅烷基聚二甲基硅氧烷(商品名:塞拉普兰(Silaplane)FM1105,重量平均分子量约500,捷恩智(JNC)(股)制造)。在80度下搅拌1小时后,冷却到室温。其后将未反应的2-烯丙氧基乙醇在减压下蒸馏去除,获得130.4g的两末端羟基改性硅化合物B(产率93%)。将硅化合物B示于以下。
[化13]
[合成例3]
<四官能丙烯酸改性硅化合物C的合成例>
在两末端羟基改性硅化合物B(60.6g)中添加69.7g的1,1′-(双丙烯酰氧基甲基)乙基异氰酸酯(商品名:卡兰茨(Karenz)BEI,昭和电工(股)制造),在氮气环境下加热到45℃。滴加将0.078g的二月桂酸二丁基锡(东京化成(股)制造)溶解于0.53g的甲基乙基酮(和光纯药(股)制造)中所得的溶液,在45℃~50℃下搅拌2小时。进而,添加将0.041g的二月桂酸二丁基锡(东京化成(股)制造)溶解于0.52g的甲基乙基酮(和光纯药(股)制造)中所得的溶液,在相同温度下搅拌2小时。然后,将反应液冰浴冷却,滴加甲醇(14.0g)。在相同温度下搅拌30分钟,获得四官能丙烯酸改性硅化合物C的甲醇溶液(145.5g,固体成分浓度81.6wt%)。将硅化合物C示于以下。
[化14]
[合成例4]
<四官能丙烯酸改性硅化合物D的合成例>
在9.5g的两末端羟基改性硅化合物(商品名:塞拉普兰(Silaplane)FM4411,羟基当量:564g/mol,捷恩智(JNC)(股)制造)中添加4.85g的1,1′-(双丙烯酰氧基甲基)乙基异氰酸酯(商品名:卡兰获(Karenz)BEI,昭和电工(股)制造)及8.0g的甲基乙基酮(和光纯药(股)制造),在氮气环境下加热到45℃。滴加将0.006g的二月桂酸二丁基锡(东京化成(股)制造)溶解于1.03g的甲基乙基酮(和光纯药(股)制造)中所得的溶液,在45℃~50℃下搅拌2小时。进而,添加将0.003g的二月桂酸二丁基锡(东京化成(股)制造)溶解于0.51g的甲基乙基酮(和光纯药(股)制造)中所得的溶液,在相同温度下搅拌2小时。其后,将反应液冰浴冷却,滴加甲醇(0.95g)。在相同温度下搅拌30分钟,获得四官能丙烯酸改性硅化合物D的甲基乙基酮溶液(24.8g,固体成分浓度55wt%)。将硅化合物D示于以下。
[化15]
[合成例5]
<两末端二羟基改性硅化合物E的合成例>
在20.0g的两末端二甲基硅烷基聚二甲基硅氧烷(商品名:塞拉普兰(silaplane)FM1105,重量平均分子量约500,捷恩智(JNC)(股)制造)中,添加139.5g的三羟甲基丙烷烯丙基醚(西格玛-奥德里奇(Sigma-Aldrich)(股)制造),在氮气环境下使用油浴加热到70℃。进而,添加4μl的铂催化剂二甲苯溶液(商品名:PT-VTSC-3.0X,日本优美科(UmicoreJapan)(股)制造,Pt含量3wt%)。以反应体系内不超过100℃的方式滴加80.1g的两末端二甲基硅烷基聚二甲基硅氧烷(商品名:塞拉普兰(Silaplane)FM1105,捷恩智(JNC)(股)制造)。滴加后搅拌1小时,进而添加铂催化剂二甲苯溶液(4μl),搅拌1小时后,冷却到室温,获得目标物。然后,通过毛细管蒸馏(18mmHg,130℃)将未反应的三羟甲基丙烷烯丙基醚蒸馏去除,获得162.5g的两末端二羟基改性硅化合物E(产率96%)。将硅化合物E示于以下。
[化16]
[合成例6]
<四官能丙烯酸改性硅化合物F的合成例>
在合成例5中合成的两末端二羟基改性硅化合物E(100g)中,添加将0.15g的二月桂酸二丁基锡(东京化成(股)制造)溶解于1.54g的甲基乙基酮(和光纯药(股)制造)中所得的溶液,在氮气环境下使用油浴加热到40℃。以反应体系内不超过50℃的方式滴加81.2g的异氰酸酯(卡兰茨(Karenz)AOI,昭和电工(股)制造)。滴加后在40度~50℃下搅拌2小时,进而滴加将0.076g的二月桂酸二丁基锡(东京化成(股)制造)溶解于0.81g的甲基乙基酮(和光纯药(股)制造)中所得的溶液,进而在40℃~50℃下搅拌2小时。然后将反应液冰浴冷却,滴加甲醇(27.6g)。在相同温度下搅拌30分钟,获得四官能丙烯酸改性硅化合物F的甲醇溶液(211g,固体成分浓度79wt%)。将硅化合物F示于以下。
[化17]
[合成例7]
<两末端二羟基改性硅化合物G的合成例>
在20g的1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷中添加519g的三羟甲基丙烷烯丙基醚(西格玛-奥德里奇(Sigma-Aldrich)(股)制造),在氮气环境下使用油浴加热到70℃。进而,添加4μl的铂催化剂二甲苯溶液(商品名:PT-VTSC-3.0X,日本优美科(Umicore Japan)(股)制造,Pt含量3wt%)。以反应体系内不超过100℃的方式滴加80g的1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷。滴加后搅拌1小时,进而添加铂催化剂二甲苯溶液(4μl),搅拌1小时后冷却到室温,获得目标物。然后,通过毛细管蒸馏(18mmHg,130℃)将未反应的三羟甲基丙烷烯丙基醚蒸馏去除,获得359g的两末端二羟基改性硅化合物G。将硅化合物G示于以下。
[化18]
[合成例8]
<四官能丙烯酸改性硅化合物H的合成例>
在合成例7中合成的两末端二羟基改性硅化合物G(100g)中,添加将0.26g的二月桂酸二丁基锡(东京化成(股)制造)溶解于2.6g的甲基乙基酮(和光纯药(股)制造)中所得的溶液,在氮气环境下使用油浴加热到40℃。以反应体系内不超过50℃的方式滴加140.3g的异氰酸酯(卡兰茨(Karenz)AOI,昭和电工(股)制造)。滴加后在40度~50℃下搅拌2小时,进而滴加将0.13g的二月桂酸二丁基锡(东京化成(股)制造)溶解于1.3g的甲基乙基酮(和光纯药(股)制造)中所得的溶液,进而在40℃~50℃下搅拌2小时。然后将反应液冰浴冷却,滴加甲醇(47.7g)。在相同温度下搅拌30分钟,获得四官能丙烯酸改性硅化合物H的甲醇溶液(292g,固体成分浓度74wt%)。将硅化合物H示于以下。
[化19]
[制备例1]
<涂布液1的制备>
通过日本专利第5375100号公报中记载的方法来制备固体成分浓度40wt%的涂布液,将其作为涂布液1。关于涂布液1,固体成分浓度为40wt%,固体成分中的组成为多官能丙烯酸氨基甲酸酯76wt%、无机填料19wt%、紫外线(Ultraviolet,UV)硬化剂5wt%。进而,涂布液1中含有0.2wt%的防污添加剂(溶液中(in liquid))及作为稀释溶剂的丙二醇单甲醚(Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether,PGM)/异丙醇(Isopropylalcohol,IPA)。
[制备例2]
<涂布液2的制备>
在450.0g的利用与制备例1相同的方法所制备的涂布液1(固型分浓度40wt%)中添加25.3g的四官能丙烯酸改性硅化合物A的甲醇溶液(固体成分浓度79wt%),使固体成分中四官能丙烯酸改性硅化合物A成为10wt%。进而添加1.0g的艳佳固(Irgacure)127(巴斯夫(BASF)(股)制造)、24.7g的甲基异丁基酮(和光纯药(股)制造),使固体成分浓度成为40wt%。进行搅拌、混合而确认到成为透明的溶液,作为涂布液2。
<涂布液3的制备>
在450.0g的利用与制备例1相同的方法所制备的涂布液1(固型分浓度40wt%)中添加24.5g的四官能丙烯酸改性硅化合物C的甲醇溶液(固体成分浓度81.6wt%),使固体成分中四官能丙烯酸改性硅化合物C成为10wt%。进而添加1.0g的艳佳固(Irgacure)127(巴斯夫(BASF)(股)制造)、25.5g的甲基异丁基酮(和光纯药(股)制造),使固体成分浓度成为40wt%。进行搅拌、混合而确认到成为透明的溶液,作为涂布液3。
[实施例1]
<硬化树脂层1的形成>
使用聚碳酸酯(制品名:优比龙(Iupilon)NF2000VU,尺寸:1.5mm×70mm×150mm,三菱瓦斯化学(股)制造)作为基材。使用制备例2中制备的涂布液2浸涂于聚碳酸酯基材上。首先将聚碳酸酯基材垂直沉浸在涂布液2中,浸渍1分钟后提起,以1mm/sec的速度垂直提起聚碳酸酯基材,使干燥膜厚成为5μm,在80℃下干燥1分钟后,使用高压水银灯对两面分别以1000mJ/cm2的光照射条件使涂膜进行光硬化,形成硬化树脂层1。
[比较例1]
<硬化树脂层2的形成>
利用与实施例1中所用的方法相同的方法来形成硬化树脂层2。
除了使用制备例1中制备的涂布液1代替涂布液2以外,利用与实施例1相同的方法形成硬化树脂层2。
[实施例2]
<硬化树脂层3的形成>
利用与实施例1中所用的方法相同的方法来形成硬化树脂层3。
除了使用制备例3中制备的涂布液3代替涂布液2以外,利用与实施例1相同的方法形成硬化树脂层3。
<皮膜的试验>
(1)全光线透射率
使用雾度计(NDH5000,日本电色工业(股)制造)对硬化树脂层进行测定。根据JIS-K-7361的标准来实施。
(2)雾度
使用雾度计(NDH5000,日本电色工业(股)制造)对硬化树脂层进行测定。根据JISK7136的标准来实施。
(3)铅笔硬度
根据JIS K 5600对硬化树脂层进行测定。
(4)基材密接性试验
在涂膜上以1mm间隔纵横分别刻入11条切线,制作100个网格,使市售的透明胶带(塞洛塔(Sellotape)(注册商标),CT24,米其邦(Nichiban)(股)制造)充分密接,示出朝90度近前方向急剧剥离时的皮膜未剥离而残存的网格的个数。此外,该方法是根据JISK5400。
(5)接触角及表面自由能(Surface Free Energy,SFE)测定
使用蒸馏水(氮/磷测定用,关东化学(股)制造)、及磷酸三甲苯酯(99%(GC),东京化成工业(股)制造)作为探针液体来测定接触角,且根据克尔布勒(Kaelble)-Uy的理论算出表面自由能。
(6)钢丝绒耐磨损性试验
使用井元制作所(股)制造的耐磨损试验机“IMC-1557型”。测定条件为垂直负荷1kg,往返速度30次/分,往返距离100mm,往返次数1000次、5000次、10000次,磨损布安装部形状为直径10mm。使用钢丝绒(#0000)作为磨损布。测定往返1000次、5000次、10000次后的皮膜的磨损痕的深度。使用科磊(KLA-Tencor)(股)制造的接触式阶差计“阿尔法阶(Alpha-step)-IQ”测定磨损布接触部分与未接触部分的差作为磨损痕深度。
将所述(1)~(6)的结果示于表1中。
[表1]
表1:四官能丙烯酸改性硅化合物
若将实施例1~实施例2(添加了四官能丙烯酸改性硅化合物的涂布液)与比较例1(未添加四官能丙烯酸改性硅化合物的涂布液)相比较,则得知四官能丙烯酸改性硅化合物的添加几乎未影响全光线透射率、雾度、基材密接性、SFE。另一方面得知,虽然铅笔硬度稍变软,但钢丝绒耐擦伤性试验中的磨损痕深度极浅,耐擦伤性明显提高。另外对磨损痕的形状进行观察,结果观察到,实施例的磨损痕被薄且均匀地磨削(图2(a)),相对于此,比较例的磨损痕被磨削成锐角(图2(b))。
关于本说明书中引用的包括出版物、专利申请案及专利的所有文献,是以分别具体地示出各文献并以参照的方式并入、另外使其所有内容与本文中所述者相同的限度,以参照的方式并入至本文中。
关于与本发明的说明有关(特别是与以下的权利要求有关)而使用的名词及同样的指示语的使用,只要本说明书中未特别指出、或不与文意明显矛盾,则应解释为涉及单数及复数两者。语句“具备”、“具有”、“含有”及“包含”只要无特别说明,则是解释为开放式范畴(即,是指“包含~但不限定”)。关于本说明书中的数值范围的具体描述,只要本说明书中未特别指出,则是指仅发挥作为用来分别提及相当于该范围内的各值的简记法的作用,各值是像本说明书中分别列举那样并入到说明书中。关于本说明书中说明的所有方法,只要本说明书中未特别指出,或不与文意明显矛盾,则能以所有适当的顺序来进行。说明书中使用的所有例子或例示的措词(例如“等”)只要未特别主张,则是指仅更良好地说明本发明,而并未设置对本发明的范围的限制。说明书中的任何措词均不应解释为表示实施本发明所不可缺少的权利要求中未记载的要素。
本说明书中,包括为了实施本发明而本发明人已知的最优实施例,对本发明的优选实施例进行了说明。对于本领域技术人员来说,阅读所述说明后,这些优选实施例的变形变得明了。本发明人预测熟练者适当应用这种变形,预计利用本说明书中具体说明以外的方法来实施本发明。因此,本发明像遵循法所容许那样,包括随附于本说明书的权利要求中记载的内容的所有变更及均等物。进而,只要本说明书中未特别指出,或不与文意明显矛盾,则所有变形的所述要素的任意组合也包含在本发明中。
[符号的说明]
10:图像显示装置
11:光学用保护膜
12:图像屏
Claims (6)
1.一种硅化合物,其为下述式(I)所表示的硅化合物(a),并且
R1为碳数3或4的亚烷基,
X为选自由下述式(II)~式(III)所组成的组群中的一个基团,
n为0或1的整数,
Y为选自由下述式(IV)~式(VI)所组成的组群中的具有(甲基)丙烯酸酯基的一个基团,R2为氢或甲基;
[化1]
[化2]
2.一种涂剂用树脂组合物,含有:
根据权利要求1所述的硅化合物;及
硬化性树脂(b)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的涂剂用树脂组合物,其中所述硬化性树脂(b)为具有至少一个(甲基)丙烯酰基的紫外线硬化性树脂。
4.一种成形体,其为成形体,并且具备:
使如权利要求2或3所述的涂剂用树脂组合物硬化而成的硬化物;及
经所述硬化物覆盖的基材。
5.根据权利要求4所述的成形体,其中所述成形体与所述基材的雾值之差为1%以下。
6.一种图像显示装置,具备:
根据权利要求5所述的成型体;及
将所述成形体设置于画面上的图像屏。
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JP6606013B2 (ja) | 2016-05-19 | 2019-11-13 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | 伸縮性膜及びその形成方法、配線被覆基板の製造方法、並びに伸縮性配線膜及びその製造方法 |
JP6915405B2 (ja) * | 2017-06-29 | 2021-08-04 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | ポリ(メタ)アクリレート並びにそれを含むコーティング組成物および被覆物品 |
WO2019114990A1 (de) * | 2017-12-15 | 2019-06-20 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Beschichtungszusammensetzung zum abdichten von oberflächen |
JP7132133B2 (ja) * | 2018-02-08 | 2022-09-06 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | 伸縮性膜材料組成物、伸縮性膜、及びその形成方法 |
JP7026602B2 (ja) * | 2018-10-31 | 2022-02-28 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | 放射線硬化性有機ケイ素樹脂組成物 |
JP7377636B2 (ja) * | 2019-06-28 | 2023-11-10 | ホヤ レンズ タイランド リミテッド | 硬化性組成物およびその製造方法、眼鏡レンズ、眼鏡ならびに眼鏡レンズの製造方法 |
JP7372805B2 (ja) | 2019-09-30 | 2023-11-01 | 日鉄ケミカル&マテリアル株式会社 | 筐体用コーティング膜および筐体用光硬化性コーティング樹脂組成物 |
WO2021187509A1 (ja) | 2020-03-19 | 2021-09-23 | 日鉄ケミカル&マテリアル株式会社 | 筐体用積層体 |
CN111471154B (zh) * | 2020-05-11 | 2022-05-10 | 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院 | 一种光或热引发的自修复弹性体及其制备方法和应用 |
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WO2006109496A1 (ja) * | 2005-04-06 | 2006-10-19 | Jsr Corporation | 放射線硬化性樹脂組成物及び反射防止膜 |
CN101096474A (zh) * | 2006-06-30 | 2008-01-02 | 戈尔德施米特股份公司 | 新的有机硅氧烷多元醇的(甲基)丙烯酸酯的用途 |
JP2008019402A (ja) * | 2006-07-14 | 2008-01-31 | Jsr Corp | 硬化性樹脂組成物及び反射防止膜 |
JP2013112776A (ja) * | 2011-11-30 | 2013-06-10 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co Ltd | (メタ)アクリル基含オルガノポリシロキサン及びその製造方法、並びに重合物 |
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WO2006109496A1 (ja) * | 2005-04-06 | 2006-10-19 | Jsr Corporation | 放射線硬化性樹脂組成物及び反射防止膜 |
CN101096474A (zh) * | 2006-06-30 | 2008-01-02 | 戈尔德施米特股份公司 | 新的有机硅氧烷多元醇的(甲基)丙烯酸酯的用途 |
JP2008019402A (ja) * | 2006-07-14 | 2008-01-31 | Jsr Corp | 硬化性樹脂組成物及び反射防止膜 |
JP2013112776A (ja) * | 2011-11-30 | 2013-06-10 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co Ltd | (メタ)アクリル基含オルガノポリシロキサン及びその製造方法、並びに重合物 |
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WO2015152289A1 (ja) | 2015-10-08 |
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CN106164080B (zh) | 2020-11-10 |
US20170015817A1 (en) | 2017-01-19 |
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