CN106134802A

CN106134802A - Mongolian oak bare-root seeding engrafting method

Info

Publication number: CN106134802A
Application number: CN201610493849.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张桂芹; 黄秦军; 苏晓华; 李国强; 陈显锋
Original assignee: DAILING FORESTRY RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE
Current assignee: DAILING FORESTRY RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE
Priority date: 2016-06-29
Filing date: 2016-06-29
Publication date: 2016-11-23

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of trees method for culturing seedlings, specially Mongolian oak bare-root seeding engrafting method, Mongolian oak select tree middle and upper part tree crown annotinous branch is picked up from scion, and stock is that 2～3 years raw Mongolian oaks change a bare-root seeding；Make full use of north of china in winter heating advantage, in indoor carry out scion, stock wakens process；Take " tongue grafting " grafting, specific culture is carried out to graft.The Mongolian oak naked root graft method that the present invention provides, from stock, scion waken, grafting, the aspect such as graft cultivation forms supporting technology；The method is easy and simple to handle, it is easy to management, and survival rate is high.

Description

Mongolian oak bare-root seeding engrafting method

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of trees method for culturing seedlings, specially Mongolian oak bare-root seeding engrafting method.

Background technology

Mongolian oak belongs to Fagaceae, oak belongs to, deciduous tree, up to 30 meters, bark taupe, deep lobe.Tree crown oval.Single Leaf alternate, blade obovate, the wavy tip edge of leaf, leaf surface bottle green, back side light green, flower unisexuality, monoecism, nut is avette Or oval, seed has fleshy cotyledon.Cell chromosome: 2n=24.It is two grades of rare trees of China national, be also Northeast China The important hard wealthy commerical tree species in forest zone.Being mainly distributed on Northeast China, North China, various places, northwest, Central China is also distributed on a small quantity.Existing Some method for culturing seedlings mainly lean on seed propagation, and breeding efficiency is low, and the variation of offspring is very big, it is difficult to ensure prolonging of merit Continuous.Mongolian oak contains a large amount of tannin, and conventional engrafting method survival rate is very low.In addition Northeast Forest Areas temperature in early spring is relatively low, particularly Day and night temperature is big, is unfavorable for calli induction, and field grafting survival rate is low.

Content of the invention

For above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention provides a kind of method of fast seedling growing.

The concrete technical scheme of the present invention is:

Mongolian oak bare-root seeding engrafting method, including procedure below:

(1) scion collection

Before resin flowing, (Heilungkiang and Jilin are the middle ten days and the last ten days in March, and Liaoning is the first tenday period of a month in three months, and Beijing and Hebei are February The middle ten days and the last ten days), gather the middle and upper part robust growth of select tree tree crown, without the Mongolian oak annotinous branch of pest and disease damage, or direct grafting is used Or it is stand-by to enter refrigeration (between-5 DEG C～0 DEG C) in cellar for storing things；

(2) selection of stock

Life in 2～3 years is grown directly from seeds and is changed a seedling and excavate by grafting in autumn the previous year i.e. mid or late October, now heels in, and soil is freeze-up Before (mid-November) enter cellar for storing things in refrigeration (between-5 DEG C～0 DEG C), when grafting in next year use；

(3) stock, scion pretreatment

Before grafting 7～10 days, take out stock and the scion of refrigeration, enter the room and carry out heat treatment (wakening), promote stock and Scion resin flows, with profit grafting survival.Specific practice is: with the wet saw foam training stock root of moisture content 50～55%, scion Keeping flat and being embedded in wet saw foam, room temperature 22 DEG C～25 DEG C is advisable, and can carry out grafting when stock bud bud expands.

(4) Mongolian oak grafting is taked " tongue grafting ": with shrub and hedge trimmer stock level at collar 5～8cm cut off, exist simultaneously At stock section 2.5～3.0cm, an inclined-plane cut from lower to upper by lower cutter, is similar to ligule, in ligule face from top to bottom 1/3rd Seam is split along the dry 1.5～2.0cm that splits of anvil by place；Scion band terminal bud and lateral bud, the need with lateral bud retain two buds, in scion side The back side of bud is whittled into such as the bevel of the same length of stock, then at bevel from lower to upper three/mono-under cutter split 1.5～ 2.0cm to split seam corresponding with the inclined-plane of stock, the splitter of scion insertion stock split in mouth, makes the ligule of scion and stock Position is cross-up, is inwardly seated, and from lower to upper grafting part is tightened with film strip；

(5) graft is cultivated

Indoor cultivation: plant 5～10 strain a bundle that will graft, keeps flat in the wet saw foam being embedded in moisture content 50～55%, Overlying Polypropylence Sheet is with heat and moisture preserving, and in saw foam, temperature controls at 26 DEG C～29 DEG C, within 3～5 days, stirs once, removes stock root along band The sprout tillers that minister goes out, 10-15 days scion bud crackings, grafting survival.

Hardening: the plant of grafting survival moves in the temperature saw foam of 15 DEG C～20 DEG C, on the one hand by making after intermittent warming to transfer Seedlings picking adapts to external environmental condition, and on the one hand suppression grafting exhibition leaf growth, improves transplanting survival rate.The hardening time is 7～10 My god.

Transplant and management: when outdoor temperature reaches about 10 DEG C (Xiao Xing'an Ling forest region mid or late May) transplant in seedbed. Now field day and night temperature is big, and transplanting seedbed is taken plastic canopy and heated and moisturizing；Remove shed at the beginning of 6 months, remove weekly a sprout tillers, Within two weeks, remove once grass；Start at the beginning of 7 months to release bandage according to grafting growing state.

The Mongolian oak bare-root seeding engrafting method that the present invention provides, from stock, scion waken, grafting, graft is cultivated Etc. aspect formed supporting technology；The method is easy and simple to handle, it is easy to management, and survival rate is high.

Detailed description of the invention

Before resin flowing, (Heilungkiang and Jilin are the middle ten days and the last ten days in March, and Liaoning is the first tenday period of a month in three months, and Beijing and Hebei are February The middle ten days and the last ten days) gather select tree tree crown annotinous branch, fringe bar can directly be used or in storage cellar (between-5 DEG C～0 DEG C) in grafting；Grafting Life in 2～3 years is grown directly from seeds and is changed a seedling and excavate by autumn the previous year i.e. mid or late October, now heels in, before soil is freeze-up (mid-November) Entering refrigeration (between-5 DEG C～0 DEG C) in cellar for storing things, the suitableeest stock is that a bare-root seeding is changed in life in 3 years, if management is good, reaches grafting and wants The biennial seedling asked is also permissible；7～10 days (late March) before grafting, takes out the stock storing sth. in a cellar and scion, enters indoor and waken: use The wet saw foam training stock root of moisture content 50～55%, scion keeps flat and is embedded in wet saw foam, and room temperature 22 DEG C～25 DEG C is advisable, and treats anvil Grafting can be carried out when wood bud bud expands.Mongolian oak bare-root seeding grafting is taked " tongue grafting ", shrub and hedge trimmer stock away from collar 5～ At 8cm, level is cut off, simultaneously at stock section 2.5～3.0cm under cutter cut an inclined-plane from lower to upper, be similar to ligule, at tongue Seam is split along the dry 1.5-2cm of splitting of anvil at 1/3rd from top to bottom in shape face.Scion band terminal bud and lateral bud, with the need of lateral bud Retain two buds, be whittled at the back side of scion lateral bud such as the bevel of the same length of stock, then bevel three points from lower to upper One of under place cutter split 1.5～2.0cm to split seam corresponding with the inclined-plane of stock, so just can intersect clamping.Scion What splitter inserted stock splits in mouth, and the ligule position making scion and stock is cross-up, is then aligned with forming layer, is inwardly seated. If stock, scion thickness are inconsistent, it is ensured that monogon stratification aligns and is seated, with film strip, grafting part is tight, knot Individual knot that can be undone by a pull, in order to unbind.

Plant 5～10 strain a bundle that will graft, keeps flat in the wet saw foam being embedded in moisture content 50～55%, overlying Polypropylence Sheet With heat and moisture preserving, in saw foam, temperature controls at 26 DEG C～29 DEG C, within 3～5 days, stirs once, along the sprout tillers growing with removing root, 10-15 days Callus formation, scion bud ftractures, grafting survival.The survival rate of the method breeding Mongolian oak is to 86%；Transfer It is connected in the temperature saw foam that plant alive moves into 15 DEG C～20 DEG C, on the one hand adapt to external environment by making grafting after intermittent warming Condition, on the one hand suppression grafting exhibition leaf growth, improves transplanting survival rate.The hardening time is 7～10 days.When outdoor temperature reaches Transplant in seedbed when about 10 DEG C.Now field day and night temperature is big, and transplanting seedbed is taken plastic canopy and heated and moisturizing；Remove at the beginning of 6 months Except shed, remove weekly a sprout tillers, within two weeks, remove once grass；Start at the beginning of 7 months to release bandage according to grafting growing state.

Claims

1. Mongolian oak bare-root seeding engrafting method, it is characterised in that include procedure below:

(1) scion collection

Before resin flowing, gather the middle and upper part robust growth of select tree tree crown, without the Mongolian oak annotinous branch of pest and disease damage, or directly Grafting with or enter cellar for storing things in ,-5 DEG C～0 DEG C refrigeration is stand-by；

(2) selection of stock

Life in 2～3 years is grown directly from seeds and is changed a seedling and excavate by grafting in autumn the previous year i.e. mid or late October, now heels in, before soil is freeze-up i.e. Enter mid-November in cellar for storing things ,-5 DEG C～0 DEG C refrigeration, use when grafting in next year；

(3) stock, scion pretreatment

Before grafting 7～10 days, take out the stock storing sth. in a cellar and scion, in indoor wet saw foam, waken process, promote stock and scion Resin flows, with profit grafting survival；

(4) Mongolian oak grafting is taked " tongue grafting ": with shrub and hedge trimmer stock level at collar 5～8cm cut off, simultaneously at stock Cut an inclined-plane at section 2.5～3.0cm from lower to upper, be similar to ligule, along anvil at the three/mono-from top to bottom of ligule face Dry 1.5～the 2.0cm that splits splits seam；Scion band terminal bud and lateral bud, the need with lateral bud retain two buds, at the back side of scion lateral bud Be whittled into such as the bevel of the same length of stock, then at bevel from lower to upper three/mono-under cutter split 1.5～2.0cm split seam Corresponding with the inclined-plane of stock, split in mouth what the splitter of scion inserted stock, make the ligule position of scion and stock intersect Come, be inwardly seated, with film strip, grafting part tightened；

(5) graft is cultivated

Indoor cultivation: keeping flat the plant grafting in the wet saw foam being embedded in moisture content 50～55%, overlying Polypropylence Sheet is to be incubated Moisturizing, in saw foam, temperature controls at 26 DEG C～29 DEG C, within 3～5 days, stirs once；

Hardening: the plant of grafting survival moves in the temperature saw foam of 15 DEG C～20 DEG C, and the hardening time is 7～10 days；

(6) transplant and manage: when outdoor temperature reaches about 10 DEG C, transplanting in seedbed；Now field day and night temperature is big, transplants Seedbed is taken plastic canopy and is heated, and removes shed at the beginning of 6 months, removes weekly a sprout tillers, within two weeks, removes once grass；Start basis at the beginning of 7 months to transfer Seedlings picking growing state releases bandage.