CN106079443A - 手持三维抽制装置 - Google Patents

手持三维抽制装置 Download PDF

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CN106079443A
CN106079443A CN201610515165.1A CN201610515165A CN106079443A CN 106079443 A CN106079443 A CN 106079443A CN 201610515165 A CN201610515165 A CN 201610515165A CN 106079443 A CN106079443 A CN 106079443A
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raw material
device processed
shell
out device
flow nozzle
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CN106079443B (zh
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彼得·迪尔沃斯
麦斯威尔·博格
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Wobbleworks Inc
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/02—Small extruding apparatus, e.g. handheld, toy or laboratory extruders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/2526—Direct drives or gear boxes
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    • B05C17/005—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces for discharging material from a reservoir or container located in or on the hand tool through an outlet orifice by pressure without using surface contacting members like pads or brushes
    • B05C17/00523—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces for discharging material from a reservoir or container located in or on the hand tool through an outlet orifice by pressure without using surface contacting members like pads or brushes provided with means to heat the material
    • B05C17/00526—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces for discharging material from a reservoir or container located in or on the hand tool through an outlet orifice by pressure without using surface contacting members like pads or brushes provided with means to heat the material the material being supplied to the apparatus in a solid state, e.g. rod, and melted before application
    • B05C17/0053—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces for discharging material from a reservoir or container located in or on the hand tool through an outlet orifice by pressure without using surface contacting members like pads or brushes provided with means to heat the material the material being supplied to the apparatus in a solid state, e.g. rod, and melted before application the driving means for the material being manual, mechanical or electrical
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
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    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B05C17/00—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces
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    • B05C17/00523—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces for discharging material from a reservoir or container located in or on the hand tool through an outlet orifice by pressure without using surface contacting members like pads or brushes provided with means to heat the material
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    • B05C17/00523—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces for discharging material from a reservoir or container located in or on the hand tool through an outlet orifice by pressure without using surface contacting members like pads or brushes provided with means to heat the material
    • B05C17/00526—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces for discharging material from a reservoir or container located in or on the hand tool through an outlet orifice by pressure without using surface contacting members like pads or brushes provided with means to heat the material the material being supplied to the apparatus in a solid state, e.g. rod, and melted before application
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种三维(3D)抽制装置，其具有外壳，所述外壳被配置为供用户的手部操纵用并容置原物料，在某些具体实施例中，所述原物料为热塑性绞线。所述抽制装置具有含出流喷嘴的喷嘴组配件、以及连接至齿轮系的马达，所述齿轮系与所述热塑性原物料绞线啮合，使得所述马达的旋转带动所述原物料被挤出所述出流喷嘴，以形成三维物件。

Description

手持三维抽制装置
本申请是申请日为2013年11月1日申请号为201310535754.2发明名称为“手持三维抽制装置”的申请的分案申请。
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2012年12月5日提交的系列号为No.61/733，689的美国临时专利申请的优先权和权益，该临时专利申请的整体内容通过引用而并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及挤压装置，具体地，本发明涉及一种被配置以挤出材料以建构三维(3D)对象的手持装置。
背景技术
用以产生所有类型的3D项目的三维打印机是已知的。某些打印机是通过连续塑料层的沉积而运作，而其他的通过前驱物材料层的依序集聚或固化而作用。这些打印机倾向于大型且昂贵，并且需要以计算机文档方式提供的设计，例如由计算机辅助设计(CAD)程序所产生。
Froedge在美国专利3,665,158中公开了一种传统的手持挤出装置。以粒状固体塑料材料填充腔体，然后以盖体密封所述腔体。对腔体的内容物加热以熔化塑料并在腔体内产生压力。通道从所述腔体导至可旋转喷嘴，所述可旋转喷嘴在第一位置时会阻挡流动，而在第二位置时则允许流动。触发器被装设至所述喷嘴，使得拉动触发器时会使喷嘴移动到所述第二位置，从而使熔化的塑料因为腔体内的压力而从喷嘴排出。释放触发器可使喷嘴转回到第一位置，从而停止塑料流动。现仍无法在不关闭装置时补充原料，也没有任何机制可在固定速率下对喷嘴机械性地馈送材料。此外，Froedge的系统并没有提供冷却经挤出的材料的手段。
发明内容
需要提供一种可靠的、可轻易回填的手持装置，以在不需要计算机化设计文档下形成二维(2D)和三维(3D)项目。本发明说明了一种手持装置，所述手持装置可供用户以原物料来“抽制”3D结构，其可在连续使用时补充所述原物料。
在某些具体实施例中，所公开的3D抽制装置包括：外壳，被配置为供用户的手部操纵用并容置原物料；喷嘴组配件，至少部分地被配置在所述外壳内并具有出流喷嘴；马达，被配置在所述外壳内；以及齿轮系，被配置在所述外壳内且耦接在所述马达与所述原物料之间，并被配置为使得所述马达的旋转带动所述原物料被挤出所述出流喷嘴，以形成三维物件。
在某些具体实施例中，所公开的3D抽制装置包括外壳，所述外壳被配置为供用户的手部操纵用并容置原物料。所述外壳具有内部空间以及与所述内部空间流体相通的至少一个冷却口。所述3D抽制装置也包括：喷嘴组配件，至少部分地被配置在所述外壳内、所述至少一个冷却口的近侧处，且具有出流喷嘴；风扇，被配置在所述外壳内且被配置以吸取空气至所述内部空间中，并接着使空气离开所述至少一个冷却口；马达，被配置在所述外壳内；以及耦接至所述外壳的驱动器。所述驱动器的驱动带动所述原物料被挤出所述出流喷嘴，以形成三维物件。
附图说明
所包含的附图是用以提供进一步的理解且被整合在本说明书中而作为说明书的一部分，附图说明了所公开的具体实施例，且与说明内容一起用以解释所公开的具体实施例的原理。在附图中：
图1是根据本发明的某些方面方面的示例性示例性3D抽制装置的立体图。
图2是根据本发明的某些方面方面的图1的装置的剖视图，图2已移去一部分的外壳。
图3A至图3B为根据本发明的某些方面方面的图1的装置的截面图和剖视图。
图4A至图4B为根据本发明的某些方面方面的馈送机制的平面图和立体图。
图5A至图5B为根据本发明的某些方面方面的3D抽制装置的另一具体实施例的立体图和剖视图。
具体实施方式
本发明说明了手持装置，手持装置允许用户“抽制”2D或3D结构并轻易地回填或替换原物料。
下文所提出的详细说明是目标技术的各种型态的说明，且并不意欲表示所述目标技术仅能在这些型态中实施。附图被并入本文中，且构成详细说明的一部分。详细说明包括具体细节以作为提供对所述目标技术的通盘理解的目的。然而，本领域中的技术人员将显然理解所述目标技术可在没有这些具体细节下实施。在某些例子中，公知的结构和构件是以方块图形式加以绘示，以避免对所述目标技术的概念造成混淆。为易于理解，相同的构件是以相同的附图标记来加以标示。
如在本说明书中所用，用语“原物料”」是指以任何用于在所述3D抽制装置内进行处理的形式所提供、进以提供所需输出流的任何材料，原物料可为热塑料(例如丙烯睛-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)或聚乳酸(PLA))、热固性材料(例如环氧树脂)、金属(例如锡或铅)或金属的混合物。原物料可为单一材料或材料的混合物(例如棒材，其具有分散在第二材料的基质内的第一材料的粒子)。
图1是根据本发明的某些方面的示例性3D抽制装置100的立体图。装置100包括外壳110，在外壳110内提供有控制组配件120、喷嘴组配件130、风扇组配件140。外壳110可按尺寸制作与被配置以配合用户的手部，且经适当成形而能以类似于笔或铅笔的方式操纵。驱动器(例如在此具体实施例中的按钮122和124)可被置放以供用户在握持装置100时驱动任一驱动器。在这个具体实施例中，用户可驱动一个或两个按钮122、124，同时操纵3D抽制装置100。在这个具体实施例中，装置100被配置为接收以绞线形式(直径可为3mm)的原物料20。在某些具体实施例中，可以一切截长度(例如长度为30cm)或以从线滚动条(未示出于图1)拉出的连续绞线来提供原物料20。装置100包括输入入口18或其他的输入组件(举例而言，例如加料斗)，原料19即通过输入入口18或其他输入组件而被提供至工具10。原物料20可为热塑性材料，例如PVC、ABS或PLA，然而，其他具体实施例接受其他类型的材料，例如热固性塑料或金属或材料的组合。
在装置100的具体实施例的使用实例中，用户选择特定类型与颜色的热塑性原物料20，并将原物料20注入至进入口115(见图2)中，且将电源线(未示出于图1)连接至电源(例如墙上电源插座)。在某些具体实施例中，3D抽制装置100可包括可携式电源(未示出于图1与图2中)，例如锂聚合物电池，以启动装置100。在暖机时期之后，用户可按压按钮122，同时以类似于用铅笔画线的方式利用装置100在表面上抽制线条，例如在印刷薄片上描绘图案。在按钮122被压下时，即从喷嘴组配件挤压出原物料20的柱体22。在某些具体实施例中，柱体22具有0.3mm的直径。当使用者沿着表面以几乎与柱体22的挤出速率相同的速度来移动装置时，用户将在表面上产生固体的、三维的“线”。在某些具体实施例中，原物料20是以基本上固体形式离开喷嘴组配件130，因此所挤出的柱体会保持其形状。在某些具体实施例中，刚挤出的原物料20将接合至先前挤出的柱体22，因此通过在先前所抽制的整个柱体22上抽制线条即可形成结构。
在某些具体实施例中，按钮122会使原物料20以第一速率被挤出(例如2.6mm/sec)，而第二按钮124则使原物料20以第二速率被挤出(例如5.0mm/sec)。在某些具体实施例中，第一速率是在0.1至10.0mm/sec的范围中，而第二速率是在2至50mm/sec的范围中。在某些具体实施例中，第一和第二速率是被选择以提供适合预期的用户的速度，例如预期供年轻孩童使用的装置100可具有比预期供成年艺术家使用的装置100更慢的速率。在某些具体实施例中，3D抽制装置100可包括可变速度控制机制(未示出于图1至图2)，以让使用者调整一种或多种挤出速率。在某些具体实施例中，可变速度控制机制包括刻度盘。在某些具体实施例中，释放按钮122、124中任一个会带动内部机制向后抽制特定量的原物料20，从而中断所挤出的柱体22。在此方式中，使用者可用3D抽制装置100来“写”，以他们用笔的相同方式；另外他们可在三维中进行，因为所挤出的材料是三维的。使用者可依需要产生自由形式的线条、形状或其他对象。使用者可另外使用镂花模板或其他引导物以产生所需要的对象，例如雕塑、珠宝、艺术作品等。此外，或是在替代例中，3D抽制装置100可被用以修复或加强现有对象与结构。在某些具体实施例中，同时按压按钮122、124会产生另一动作，例如从进入口115排出原物料20的未使用部分，使得使用者可切换至不同颜色或类型的原物料20。
图2是根据本发明的某些方面的图1的装置100的剖视图，其中一部分的外壳110已被移除。可见到电路组配件126是位于切换器122、124下方，而进料机构150被配置在下外壳114上，其中原物料20经由进入口115而进入并且通过进料机构150的组件上方和进料机构150的组件之间，其将以图4A至图4B进一步详细说明。在某些具体实施例中，电路组配件126可包括处理器，而在其他具体实施例中，电路组配件126可包括模拟电路组件，例如本领域中的技术人员熟知的机械式切换器、电阻器、电容器和其他电气组件(未示出于图2)。在某些具体实施例中，电路组配件126可包括功率调整电路(未示出)，其将来自电源的功率转换为不同形式，例如直流(DC)电压。在某些具体实施例中，电流组配件126可包括可携式电源(未示出于图2)。在某些具体实施例中，电流组配件126可经由电源线(未示出于图1至图2中)而连接至外部电源。在某些具体实施例中，3D抽制装置100也包括外部控制接口127，其连接至电路组配件126并被配置以接收来自远程系统(例如计算机数字控制(CNC)机器)的驱动指令。在某些具体实施例中，外壳110适合用于固定在CNC机器的工具接口上，使得所述机器可操纵3D抽制装置100以产生3D对象。举例而言，外部控制接口127可包括三个电气接脚，其中接脚1是共同(例如接地)接脚，接脚2是耦接至按钮122而使得在接脚1和接脚2两端的DC电压供应即相当于按压按钮122，而接脚3是耦接至按钮124而使得在接脚1和接脚3两端的DC电压供应即相当于按压按钮124。在某些具体实施例中，外部控制接口127可被配置以经由射频(RF)或光学无线系统来接收信号。在某些具体实施例中，外部控制接口127可被配置以经由光纤缆线接收信号。
图3A至图3B是根据本发明的某些方面的图1的装置100的截面图和剖视图。图3A是整个3D抽制装置100的侧视图，示出了上外壳112和下外壳114如何一起形成内部空间116，其中进料机构150是位于内部空间116中。在右端部处，可见到喷嘴组配件130包括挤出器132与引导管件134，其将以图3B详细加以说明。风扇组配件140包括了静止的且装设至上外壳112的风扇盖体142，位于盖体142下方的叶轮14，其中叶轮14被配置以经由盖体142中的端口(在图3A中不可见)吸取空气至内部空间116中。在此实例中，马达146被固定至下外壳114并以固定速度来驱动叶轮144。在某些具体实施例中，被吸取至内部空间的空气会经由上或下外壳112、114中的任一冷却口118而流出。冷却口118以图3B加以更详细说明。从图3A可见，在此具体实施例中，原物料20会依循直线路径而通过装置100。
图3B为喷嘴组配件130的放大剖视图。挤出器132具有第一腔体135与挤出通道133，第一腔体135是形成为具有大致与原物料20相同的直径的圆柱内膛，挤出通道133则具有较小的直径并终止于出流喷嘴133A中。在某些具体实施例中，第一腔体135可具有3mm的第一直径。在某些具体实施例中，挤出器132是以热传导性材料所形成，例如金属或陶瓷，挤出器132具有沿着外部周围缠绕的加热组件，例如镍铬合金线(在图3B中不可见)。当装置100连接至电源时，加热组件会使挤出器132的温度上升至可高于原物料20的熔点的温度。在某些具体实施例中，喷嘴组配件130包括连接至电路组配件126的温度传感器，温度传感器包括温度控制电路，用以调节加热器组件的功率，进以使挤出器132的温度保持在设定点的所需范围内。由于温度调节的系统和方法属于本领域中的技术人员所熟知，因而不在本文中详细提供细节。在某些具体实施例，可提供指示器(未示出)(例如LED)来指示挤出器132已经达到足以熔化原物料20的温度。
在某些具体实施例中，例如当原物料包括塑料时，挤出器132的温度可介于20至500℃的范围内。在某些具体实施例中，例如当原物料包括金属时，挤出器132的温度可介于1000至2000C的范围内。在某些具体实施例中，例如当原物料包括例如铅、锡或其混合物的金属时，挤出器132的温度可介于100至400C的范围内。在某些具体实施例中，例如当原物料包括例如铜、金、银或其混合物的金属时，挤出器132的温度可介于1000至1200C的范围内。在某些具体实施例中，例如当原物料包括例如钼的金属时，挤出器132的温度可介于1600至2000C的范围内。在某些具体实施例中，3D抽制装置100可包括可变温度控制器(未示出)，其连接至电路组配件126以供使用者为挤出器132选择设定点温度。在某些具体实施例中，可变温度控制器可允许用户选择材料类型，例如“热塑性”，且电路组配件126将调整挤出器132的设定点温度。在某些具体实施例中，可变温度控制器可包括刻度盘。
引导管件134与挤出器132的第一腔体135对齐，因此通过引导管件134的原物料会进入第一腔体135。在某些具体实施例中，引导管件134可由低摩擦性材料所形成，例如聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)，因此使原物料20可轻易滑动，同时也使引导管件134和原物料20之间的间隙达到最小。挤出器132和引导管件134是通过固定管件138而保持对齐。在某些具体实施例中，固定管件138是由具有热传导性比其他金属相对为低的金属所形成。在某些具体实施例中，固定管件138是不锈钢。在某些具体实施例中，绝缘薄膜(在图3B中不可见)，例如聚酰亚胺胶带，可被施用在加热组件上方及固定管件138下。
在某些具体实施例中，绝缘器131可在固定管件138上方提供，以减少从挤出器132传送到上和下外壳112、114的热量。在某些具体实施例中，上和下外壳112、114中的一者或两者可具有贯穿其间而形成的冷却口118，使得空气可从内部空间116流至周围大气。在某些具体实施例中，形成在上和下外壳112、114中、导向冷却口118的信道可呈倾斜，使得从冷却口118出现的空气被向内引导向尖端部137。因此，当空气离开冷却口118时，空气会通过挤出器132的尖端部137而冷却尖端部137和才刚从挤出通道133挤出的原物料20。在原物料20离开挤出通道133时，这两种冷却效果都用以降低原物料20的温度，因此原物料20在离开挤出通道133时实质上是固体的。在某些具体实施例中，刚挤出的原物料20可为易弯的且可成形为各种形状。在某些具体实施例中，刚挤出的原物料20的表面可易于装设(例如粘接)，因此挤出的材料将接合至其他先前挤出的原物料20。
在某些具体实施例中，在绝缘器131与固定管件138之间可存有间隙。在某些具体实施例中，此间隙可提供断热部，以进一步使上下外壳112、114与挤出器132热隔离。
当进料机构150(未示出于图3B中)将原物料20驱动向挤出信道133时，在挤出器132内的部分的原物料20将受挤出器132加热，使得在第一腔体135内的原物料20软化或熔化。当固体原物料20被驱动向前时，软化或熔化的原物料20将被强迫离开挤出通道133，并从尖端部137出现，在该处正流出冷却口118的冷却空气会流动于刚挤出的原物料20上方，从而冷却并固化原物料20。在某些具体实施例中，向外延伸超过前平面102的一部分挤出器132可被流出冷却口118的空气冷却至低于挤出器132的主要部分的温度。在某些具体实施例中，尖端部137的温度可低于原物料20的熔点。
图4A至图4B是根据本发明的某些方面的进料机构150的平面和立体图。图4A示出一系列的齿轮对153、154、155、156和157，其经由装设至马达152的转子的圆柱齿轮(在图4A中不可见)而受马达152驱动。每一个齿轮对具有大齿轮与小齿轮，其固定装设至彼此并沿着共同轴旋转。马达152的小齿轮驱动大齿轮153A，其带动小齿轮153B以驱动大齿轮154A。在某些具体实施例中，大齿轮153A、154A、155A、156A和157A可各具有40齿，而小齿轮153B、154B、155B、156B(在图4A不可见)和157B则可具有12齿，因此在每一齿轮对之间提供了40:12的减速比。在某些具体实施例中，从马达152至小齿轮157B的减速比可为5*(40:12)，或大致为17:1，亦即马达152的17次完整旋转仅带动小齿轮157B的一次完整旋转。在某些具体实施例中，齿轮对153、154、155、156和157在大及/或小齿轮上可具有不同的齿数。在某些具体实施例中，齿轮对153、154、155、156和157在各对应的大或小齿轮上可不具有相同的齿数。
在使用时，使用马达152驱动减速齿轮系150来控制原物料20的前进在原物料20的挤出速率上提供了增进的控制度。举例而言，传统胶枪在触发器和胶条之间具有直接连结，因此施加在触发器上的压力会直接传送至条体。胶条的前进速率及因此所致的挤出速率取决于与熔化胶体的黏滞性，因此在模具范围上内龋(caries)。这通常导致有过多的胶体被分配。此外，由于释放触发器并不会使胶条收缩，因此当喷嘴移动离开分配位置时，通常会有胶体“尾部”被拉出胶枪外。相较之下，所公开的3D抽制装置100则因马达152和齿轮系150提供的受控制动作而提供了固定的挤出速率，例如3mm/sec。此外，当按钮122被释放时，电路组配件126会使马达152简单地反向运转，从而使原物料20稍微收缩并将在挤出通道133内的熔化原物料20拉回到挤出器132中，从而可使挤出的柱体22从尖端部137干净地断开。
图4B示出最终小齿轮157B的齿部如何与原物料20啮合。在此具体实施例中，原物料20通过下外壳114的柱体119，然后通过小齿轮157B，然后进入引导管件134。在某些具体实施例中，齿轮157B被置放为可使齿部压抵于原物料20，原物料20则因柱体119与引导管件134而受限于离开齿轮157B的齿部的侧向动作，因此齿轮157B的旋转会对原物料20施加轴向力，亦即轴向力直接沿着长度。齿轮组150在第一方向的旋转将使原物料20线性地向前移动，亦即朝向尖端部137。由于这个部分的原物料20并不受到挤出器132内加热的影响，因此齿轮组150在反方向的旋转将始原物料20线性地向后移动，亦即离开尖端部137。
从图4A和图4B可知，马达152的旋转(其受到按压按钮122、124中的一个控制)会使原物料20向前或向后移动。从马达152到小齿轮157B的减速比提供了原物料的平滑移动速率，因为马达152可在平滑操作的正常范围内的速度转动，而减速将此转换为原物料20的低线性移动速率。
图5A至图5B为根据本发明的某些方面的3D抽制装置的另一具体实施例200的立体图和剖视图。图5A示出了被配置以容置以丸粒25形式的原物料的3D抽制装置200，这些丸粒25是固持在安装于本体210的进料斗250中。电线270是装设至本体210。图5B是剖视图，示出了进料螺旋部260，进料螺旋部260将丸粒25从进料斗250传送至熔化丸粒25、并在进料螺旋部260提供的压力下挤出熔化的原物料25(以类似于先前讨论的具体实施例100的喷嘴组配件130的方式)的喷嘴组配件230。具体实施例100的其他特征(例如冷却口118)也可以提供于具体实施例200。在某些具体实施例中，丸粒可通过其他机构而从进料斗250传送至喷嘴组配件130，例如具有本领域中的技术人员熟知的往返动作的圆柱(未示出于图5A至图5B中)。在某些具体实施例中，原物料可以液体的形式提供，例如环氧树脂，其具有悬浮在固持在进料斗250中的液体聚合物中的触媒粒。在某些具体实施例中，液体原物料通过挤出通道(类似于具体实施例100的挤出通道133)可改质液体原物料，因此其会在从3D抽制装置200挤出后快速地硬化。
所公开的3D抽制装置的实例说明了其建构与使用的原理。在尖端部处提供冷却空气的流动以快速固化挤出的原物料可让使用者在三个维度中作业，而非被强迫为仅能仰赖支撑表面来使仍为流体的挤出材料在其硬化时固定定位。使用机械式齿轮系(而非加压供应源、或者在触动器和进料条之间的直接连接)来推进原物料可允许挤出速率的精确控制，从而增加挤出的材料柱体的均匀度，并能允许精确放置而无过剩材料。
本申请包括了为使本领域中的技术人员能实施本文所述的各种方面而提供的说明内容。前文已经说明了被视为最佳实施方式及/或其他实例，但应理解本领域中的技术人员定可直接无歧异得知这些方面的各种修饰例，并且本文所定义的一般性原理也可应用至其他方面。应理解在本文所公开的处理中的步骤或方块的具体次序或架构仅为示例性方式的说明；基于设计喜好，应理解这些处理中的步骤或方块的具体次序或架构是可以重新安排的。如附方法宣告了以简单次序的各种步骤的要件，并非意欲限制为所提出的具体次序或架构。因此，权利要求书不意欲为限于本文所示出的方面，而是作为与权利要求书语言一致的完整范畴的依据。
标题或子标题(如果有的话)是仅为方便说明，其并不限制本发明。
在以单数形式参照组件时，并不意欲为表示“一个且仅有一个”，除非具体作此陈述，否则皆指“一个或多个”。冠词“一”的使用是解释为等同于用语“至少一个”。除非具体进行相反陈述，否则用词“一组”及“某些”是指一个或多个。
在本说明书中所使用的例如“顶部”、“底部”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“前”、“后”等用语应被理解为是指一任意参考系，而不是指一般的重力参考系。因此，顶部表面、底部表面、前表面与后表面可于重力参考系中向上地、向下地、斜向地、或水平地延伸。
虽然在本文中说明了各个构件之间的关系，且这些构件之间的关系描述为正交或垂直，但在某些具体实施例中，这些构件也可排列为其他型态。举例而言，在某些具体实施例中，在所指构件之间形成的角度可大于或小于90度。
虽然各种构件是描述为呈平坦及/或直线，但这些构件也可具有其他型态，举例而言，在某些具体实施例中，其是呈例如曲线或渐缩。
男性代名词(例如“他的”)包括女性或中性性别者(例如“她的”或“其”)，且反之亦然。对于本说明书中所描述的各种方面的组件，其所有的结构性与功能性等效例皆属本领域中的技术人员能得知或后续可知，这些等效例皆以参照方式并入于本文中且意欲为被权利要求书所涵盖。此外，在本文中所公开的内容皆作为贡献予公众之用，无论是否明确记载在权利要求书中。
例如“方面”的用语并不是暗示这类方面为目标技术所必须、或这类方面应用至目标技术的所有型态。与一种方面相关的内容可应用至所有型态、或一个或多个型态。例如“方面”的用语可指一种或多种方面，且反之亦然。例如“具体实施例”的用语并不是暗示这类具体实施例为目标技术所必须、或这类具体实施例应用至目标技术的所有型态。与一种具体实施例相关的内容可应用至所有具体实施例、或一个或多个具体实施例。例如“具体实施例”的用语可指一个或多个具体实施例，且反之亦然。
本文中所使用的用语“示例性”是意指“作为实例或说明”。本文中以“示例性”所说明的任何方面或设计不一定要被解释为比其他方面或设计更佳或更具优势。
对于本说明书中所描述的各种方面的组件，所有的结构性与功能性等效例皆属本领域中的技术人员能得知或后续可知，这些等效例皆以参照方式并入于本文中且意欲为权利要求书所涵盖。此外，在本文中所公开的内容皆作为贡献予公众之用，无论是否明确记载在权利要求书中。另外，关于在说明书或权利要求书中所使用的用语“包括”、“具有”、或类似用语的范围，这类用语是指与用语“包含”相同的广泛方式(如使用作为权利要求中的转折词时的解释)。
虽已详细描述和说明本发明的具体实施例，但应清楚理解这些具体实施例是仅作为说明与实例的用途，而非作为限制，本发明的范畴应仅由如附权利要求书的用语所限制。

Claims (26)

1.一种三维(3D)抽制装置，其包括：
外壳，被配置以容置在使用者的手中并且其形状允许像笔一样操纵所述外壳，所述外壳具有第一端、第二端和被配置以将原物料引入所述外壳的内部空间的口，所述外壳具有在所述内部空间和环境大气之前延伸的至少一个冷却口；
喷嘴组配件，至少部分地被配置在所述外壳内并具有出流喷嘴；
马达，被配置在所述外壳内；以及
齿轮系，被配置在所述外壳内且被耦接在所述马达与所述原物料之间，并被配置为使得所述马达的旋转带动所述原物料被挤出所述出流喷嘴，以形成三维物件。
2.根据权利要求1所述的3D抽制装置，其中所述喷嘴组配件包括挤出器和引导管件，所述引导管件在所述齿轮系和所述挤出器之间延伸，所述引导管件的第一端被置放以容纳来自所述齿轮系的原物料，所述引导管件的第二端与所述挤出器的腔体对齐使得所述原物料被引导进入所述腔体，所述挤出器被放置在所述引导管件和所述出流喷嘴之间。
3.根据权利要求2所述的3D抽制装置，其进一步包括具有第一端和第二端的安装管件，并且其中所述引导管件的第二端延伸进入所述安装管件的第一端，与所述出流喷嘴相对的挤出器的端部延伸进入所述安装管件的第二端，握持所述引导管件的第二端的所述安装管件与所述出流喷嘴相对的挤出器的端部对齐。
4.根据权利要求2所述的3D抽制装置，其中所述挤出器包括由绝缘体包围的加热组件，所述加热组件被置放与所述出流喷嘴相邻并被配置以使所述原物料在挤压通过所述出流喷嘴之前熔化。
5.根据权利要求1所述的3D抽制装置，其进一步包括风扇，所述风扇被配置以在所述出流喷嘴处提供流动冷却空气。
6.根据权利要求5所述的3D抽制装置，其中：
所述至少一个冷却口在所述出流喷嘴的近侧，所述至少一个冷却口与所述内部空间流体相通；并且
所述风扇被配置在所述外壳内并被配置以将空气吸取到所述内部空间中。
7.根据权利要求6所述的3D抽制装置，其中所述至少一个冷却口被配置以自所述内部空间引导流动冷却空气至所述出流喷嘴处的经挤出的原物料上。
8.根据权利要求1所述的3D抽制装置，其中所述外壳包括上外壳和下外壳，所述上外壳和所述下外壳中的每个包括冷却口。
9.根据权利要求1所述的3D抽制装置，其进一步包括驱动器，所述驱动器被配置以可选择性地带动所述马达以至少第一方向旋转，其带动所述原物料被挤出所述出流喷嘴。
10.根据权利要求9所述的3D抽制装置，其中所述驱动器被配置以可选择性地带动所述马达以第二方向旋转，所述第二方向与所述第一方向相反。
11.根据权利要求10所述的3D抽制装置，其中所述驱动器包括至少一个按钮。
12.根据权利要求11所述的3D抽制装置，其中所述驱动器包括：
第一按钮，带动所述马达以第一速度沿所述第一方向旋转，使得所述原物料以第一速率被挤出所述出流喷嘴；以及
第二按钮，其带动所述马达以第二速度沿所述第一方向旋转，使得所述原物料以第二速率被挤出所述出流喷嘴，所述第二速率比所述第一速率大，
其中所述第一按钮和所述第二按钮的同时驱动带动所述马达沿所述第二方向旋转。
13.根据权利要求12所述的3D抽制装置，其进一步包括调节所述第一速率和所述第二速率中的一个或多个的可变速度控制机制。
14.根据权利要求1所述的3D抽制装置，其中：
所述原物料以绞线的形式提供；并且
所述齿轮系包括最终齿轮，所述最终齿轮具有与所述原物料绞线啮合的齿部，使得所述最终齿轮的旋转带动所述原物料绞线线性地移动。
15.一种三维(3D)抽制装置，其包括：
外壳，被配置以容置在使用者的手中并且其形状允许像笔一样操纵所述外壳，所述外壳具有第一端、第二端和被配置以将原物料引入的口，所述外壳具有内部空间和与所述内部空间流体连通的至少一个冷却口；
喷嘴组配件，至少部分地被配置在所述外壳内靠近所述至少一个冷却口并具有出流喷嘴；
马达，被配置在所述外壳内；以及
驱动器，耦接至所述外壳，其中所述驱动器的驱动带动所述原物料被挤出所述出流喷嘴，以形成三维物件。
16.根据权利要求15所述的3D抽制装置，其进一步包括风扇，所述风扇被配置在所述外壳内且被配置以将吸取空气至所述内部空间中，并接着使空气离开所述至少一个冷却口。
17.根据权利要求15所述的3D抽制装置，其中所述至少一个冷却口被配置以自所述内部空间引导流动冷却空气至所述出流喷嘴处的经挤出的原物料上。
18.根据权利要求15所述的3D抽制装置，其中所述外壳包括上外壳和下外壳，所述上外壳和所述下外壳中的每个包括冷却口。
19.根据权利要求15所述的3D抽制装置，其进一步包括齿轮系，被配置在所述外壳内并被耦接在所述马达与所述原物料之间，且被配置为使得沿第一方向的所述马达的旋转带动所述原物料被挤出所述出流喷嘴，其中所述马达被联接至所述驱动器使得所述驱动器的驱动带动所述马达在至少所述第一方向上旋转。
20.根据权利要求19所述的3D抽制装置，其中所述喷嘴组配件包括挤出器和引导管件，所述引导管件在所述齿轮系和所述挤出器之间延伸，所述引导管件的第一端被置放以容纳来自所述齿轮系的原物料，所述引导管件的第二端与所述挤出器的腔体对齐使得所述原物料被引导进入所述腔体，所述挤出器被放置在所述引导管件和所述出流喷嘴之间。
21.根据权利要求20所述的3D抽制装置，其进一步包括具有第一端和第二端的安装管件，其中所述引导管件的第二端延伸进入所述安装管件的第一端，与所述出流喷嘴相对的挤出器的端部延伸进入所述安装管件的第二端，握持所述引导管件的第二端的所述安装管件与所述出流喷嘴相对的挤出器的端部对齐。
22.根据权利要求20所述的3D抽制装置，其中所述挤出器包括由绝缘体包围的加热组件，所述加热组件被置放与所述出流喷嘴相邻并被配置以使所述原物料在挤压通过所述出流喷嘴之前熔化。
23.根据权利要求19所述的3D抽制装置，其中所述驱动器被配置以可选择性地带动所述马达以第二方向旋转，所述第二方向与所述第一方向相反。
24.根据权利要求23所述的3D抽制装置，其中所述驱动器包括至少一个按钮。
25.根据权利要求24所述的3D抽制装置，其中所述驱动器包括：
第一按钮，带动所述马达以第一速度沿所述第一方向旋转，使得所述原物料以第一速率被挤出所述出流喷嘴；以及
第二按钮，带动所述马达以第二速度沿所述第一方向旋转，使得所述原物料以第二速率被挤出所述出流喷嘴，所述第二速率比所述第一速率大，
其中所述第一按钮和所述第二按钮的同时驱动带动所述马达沿所述第二方向旋转。
26.根据权利要求19所述的3D抽制装置，其中：
所述原物料以绞线的形式提供；以及
所述齿轮系包括最终齿轮，所述最终齿轮具有与所述原物料绞线啮合的齿部，使得所述最终齿轮的旋转带动所述原物料绞线线性地移动。
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