CN111372744B - 制造用于绕组单元的距离保持件的方法和用于树脂浇注变压器的耐电压的距离保持件 - Google Patents

制造用于绕组单元的距离保持件的方法和用于树脂浇注变压器的耐电压的距离保持件 Download PDF

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CN111372744B
CN111372744B CN201880074829.2A CN201880074829A CN111372744B CN 111372744 B CN111372744 B CN 111372744B CN 201880074829 A CN201880074829 A CN 201880074829A CN 111372744 B CN111372744 B CN 111372744B
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vacuum
spacer
component
under vacuum
winding
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CN111372744A (zh
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M.A.纳瓦罗
A.L.莫雷诺
R.西勒
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Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
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Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
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    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/32—Insulating of coils, windings, or parts thereof
    • H01F27/327—Encapsulating or impregnating
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    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
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    • B29B7/86—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations for working at sub- or superatmospheric pressure
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/147—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the particular extruding conditions, e.g. in a modified atmosphere or by using vibration after the die nozzle
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • H01F41/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing coils
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种廉价且质量改善的制造用于高压电气设备的绕组单元(21)的距离保持件(10)的方法，其中，将至少两种起始组分(A、B)在处于真空下的混合室(4)中彼此混合，从而形成组分混合物，将所述组分混合物转移到挤出机的同样处于真空下的挤出壳体(5)中，在所述挤出壳体(5)中布置有输送器件(6、18)，并且所述挤出壳体(5)配备有限定排出口(20)的边界的喷嘴(7)；并且在真空中通过加热使从所述喷嘴排出的挤出物固化以便得到所述距离保持件(10)。

Description

制造用于绕组单元的距离保持件的方法和用于树脂浇注变压 器的耐电压的距离保持件
本发明涉及一种制造用于高压电气设备的绕组单元的距离保持件的方法。
由专利文献EP 2433289 B1已知高压电气设备。在那里描述了具有绕组单元的所谓的干式变压器，该干式变压器配备有两个彼此同中心地布置的绕组。这两个绕组通过可磁化的铁芯彼此感应耦合，其中，外部绕组设计用于较高的电压并且因此被称为高压绕组。施加在高压绕组上的输入电压产生感应电流，该感应电流在低压绕组上感应产生输出电压，该输出电压主要取决于高压绕组和低压绕组之间的匝数比。为了使绕组电绝缘，这些绕组布置在由诸如环氧树脂之类的固化的聚合物制成的固态绝缘体中。
在已知的绕组单元的制造中，首先通过使用所谓的距离保持件将绕组相对彼此定位并且随后用液态树脂浇注(或者说灌注)绕组。为了避免绝缘体中的湿气和气泡，绝缘体的浇注和固化在真空炉中进行。距离保持件在浇注时保留在液态树脂中并且因此在树脂固化后也是绕组体的组成部分。因此，对于绕组体的耐压强度而言重要的是，距离保持件也构造为无气泡的或者说无空气混入的，因为否则存在局部放电的风险，这会大大降低绕组体的耐压强度。
因此，通常也通过在真空下浇注成型制造距离保持件。但该制造方法是耗费的，尤其是因为在绕组单元内需要的距离保持件的件数相对较大。
因此，本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种本文开头所述类型的方法，该方法简单且廉价。
所述技术问题通过本文开头所述类型的方法解决，其中，将至少两种起始组分在处于真空下的混合室中彼此混合，从而形成组分混合物。将所述组分混合物转移到挤出机的同样处于真空下的挤出壳体中，在所述挤出壳体中布置有输送器件并且所述挤出壳体配备有限定排出口的边界的喷嘴或者说嘴件。在真空中通过加入热量使从喷嘴排出的挤出物固化以便获得距离保持件。
按照本发明提供一种制造距离保持件的方法，该方法廉价且同时适于批量生产。在此，该制造方法几乎只在真空中实施，因此距离保持件能够在没有空气混入且不含湿气的情况下制造。在本发明的范畴内，在此使用具有挤出壳体的挤出机，所述挤出壳体具有限定适宜地设计的排出口的边界的喷嘴。在挤出壳体内布置有输送器件，所述输送器件挤压可变形的组分混合物使其通过喷嘴的排出口。排出的、例如股状或者说束状的挤出物可以借助于合适的切割工具被切割成希望的距离保持件成品。与此不同，在挤出壳体中存在组分混合物的固化的预成形件，从而切割不是必然需要的。
如前所述，布置在挤出壳体中的挤出物还能变形或者说是可造型的。例如，挤出壳体中的挤出物还呈液态。与此不同，组分混合物可以已经部分固化。在这种情况下，组分混合物例如包括已经与其它单体反应的单体和尚未与其它单体反应的单体。当然，所使用的单体也可以具有多个反应位点，其中，尚不是所有的反应位点都已经反应。换言之，聚合作用还未完成。以此方式方法保持处于所谓的B状态中的挤出物的可造型性。
可以考虑任意的传送装置、例如螺杆或活塞作为用于将挤出物从挤出壳体挤出的输送器件。
在高压设备领域中使用基本已知的挤出方法来制造距离保持件是不寻常的，因为随后嵌入距离保持件的绝缘体就不能用这种方法制造。通过挤出方法在真空中制造距离保持件不是显而易见的，其中，距离保持件随后布置在通过浇注成型制造的绝缘体中。本发明能够实现大大降低距离保持件的制造成本和因此整个绕组单元的制造成本。
按照本发明，排出的挤出物在真空下被加热。通过加热，聚合作用完成。
按照本发明的有利的扩展设计，在挤出壳体的后方例如布置有加热炉形状的加热元件，通过该加热炉例如加热组分混合物的从挤出机排出的股状物，以便开始或完成组分混合物的聚合。空闲的反应位点或者说反应部位最终发生反应，从而产生聚合物的希望的网状结构。
根据对此有利的扩展设计，所述组分混合物在转移到所述挤出壳体中之前在模制体中被部分固化。如前文所述，在本发明的范畴内，也可以通过如下方式使组分混合物固化，即，通过适当地选择组分或者添加化学引发剂来启动聚合过程。如此，组分A例如是这样的单体，该单体的聚合能够通过添加另外的组分B开始。反应持续进行直到达到组分混合物的所谓的B状态，在所述B状态中，组分混合物虽然具有一定的强度，但仍然可以通过挤出机变形。因此，组分混合物例如在模制件或浇注件中固化，并且由此产生的成形件接着被置入挤出机中，挤出机的输送器件随后挤压固化的成形件使其通过排出口，由此组分混合物或挤出物被施加为希望的形状。随后在真空中通过加入热量实现完全固化。
适宜地，所述距离保持件在切割之后在真空下在预先确定的固化温度中贮存超过预先确定的时间段。以此方式方法进一步确保，避免距离保持件中的空气混入。真空下的贮存可以在适宜的贮存室中进行，贮存室例如相对于切割单元后置或者说布置在切割单元之后。在贮存室中施加真空。
有利地，所述起始组分在混合前被转移到组分壳体中，随后在所述组分壳体中施加真空，其中，将每个组分壳体在输出侧与混合室连接。组分从组分壳体进入混合室，所述混合室例如配备有搅拌工具或混合工具，以便实现组分的尽可能好的混合。最后，组分混合物从混合室进入挤出壳体，输送器件将混合物通过喷嘴从挤出壳体挤出。
本发明还涉及一种用于高压电气设备的绕组单元，所述高压电气设备例如设计为高压扼流圈或高压变压器。如上文所述，绕组单元包括至少一个绕组，其中，绕组的绕组导线至少部分地由所述的距离保持件保持在希望的位置中。在此，可以例如通过梳状设计的距离保持件既沿绕组的径向也沿绕组的轴向或纵向方向保持绕组导线彼此间隔。
当然，在本发明的范畴内，绕组单元也可以具有至少两个彼此同中心地布置的空心柱体状的绕组。在此，距离保持件用于使这些绕组相对彼此定向并且在之前用液态绝缘介质浇注绕组。浇注在真空炉内在适宜的注模中进行，从而又避免了空气混入。此外，真空还实现了绕组导线的绝缘材料保持不含湿气。
按照本发明的优选的设计方案，绕组单元包括彼此同中心地布置的高压绕组和低压绕组，其中，距离保持件至少部分地在低压绕组和高压绕组之间延伸。以此方式实现了绕组在浇注时的同心定向。
在此进一步有利的是，距离保持件和绝缘体由相同的材料制成。
本发明的其它有利的设计方案和优点是以下参照附图对本发明的实施例的描述的主题，其中，相同的附图标记表示功能相同的构件，并且其中，
图1示意性地示出按照本发明的方法的第一实施例，
图2示意性地示出按照本发明的方法的另外的实施例，
图3示出按照本发明的绕组单元的实施例的示意性俯视图，并且
图4和图5示出按照本发明制造的距离保持件的实施例。
图1示出用于实施按照本发明的方法的变型方案的装置24。在此，首先将两种组分A和B分别输入组分壳体2或3中。随后借助于真空设备1.1和真空设备1.2在每个组分壳体2或3中产生真空。换言之，抽走最初充满液态组分A上方的气体空间的空气，直到形成小于10mbar的气压。真空设备1.1和1.2包括真空泵。如果关闭真空泵，则形成组分A或B的与温度相关的平衡蒸汽压。湿气和尤其空气从组分壳体2和3中被除去。随后将组分A和B通过所示的注入口转移到混合室4中，所述混合室4配备有适宜的搅拌工具，该搅拌工具在图中未示出。在混合室中将组分A和B彼此混合以形成组分混合物。
组分混合物从混合室4进入挤出机的挤出壳体5中，在挤出壳体5中同样存在真空。在挤出壳体5中布置有作为输送器件的螺杆6，通过图中未示出的电驱动单元使所述螺杆6旋转。在此，挤压位于挤出壳体5中的组分混合物使其通过喷嘴7的在图中未示出的排出口，该排出口布置在挤出壳体5的背离混合室4的端部处。挤出壳体5沿纵向延伸并且内部设计为空心的。
从喷嘴7排出的挤出物随后在加热元件8的内部被加热，从而继续推进组分混合物的聚合，并且组分混合物几乎完全固化。当然，加热元件8的内部也存在真空。从喷嘴7排出的挤出物设计为股状。因此，在加热元件8的之后布置切割单元9，所述切割单元9在真空下将股状物切割成希望的距离保持件10。随后将距离保持件10在贮存室11中在大约20至80度的温度中贮存经过预先确定的时间段、例如2小时。在贮存室11中借助于真空设备1.3施加真空。
图2示出按照本发明的方法的另外的变型方案。在此，又将两种组分A和B输入组分壳体2或3中，其中，借助于真空设备1.1或1.2又在组分壳体2和3中施加真空。以此方式将存在的空气除去，直到液态组分上方的气体空间几乎只填充有气态组分A或B。组分A和B又在混合室4中彼此混合，液态的组分A和B从混合室4进入模制件16中，所述模制件16布置在固化室15上。在固化室15中通过真空设备1.4施加真空。可选地，该固化室配备有加热元件，该加热元件设置为，使得布置在模制件15中的组分混合物转变为所谓的B状态，在所述B状态中，该组分混合物虽然具有一定的强度，但仍然能够通过挤出机变形。
B状态下的固化的组分混合物随后被转移到输入室17中，在输入室17中又通过真空设备1.5施加真空。在此，输入室17通过连接管线19与挤出机的挤出壳体5连接。换言之，在挤出壳体5中也施加有真空。在此设置挤出活塞作为输送器件18，所述挤出活塞挤压从输入室17导入挤出壳体5中的组分混合物块或者说处于B状态下的预成形的组分混合物使其通过喷嘴7的排出口20。
从喷嘴7排出的挤出物又通过加热元件8被加热并且因此进一步固化，其中，通过合适的切割工具9制备希望的距离保持件10，所述距离保持件10在贮存室11中在预先确定的温度中贮存超过预先确定的时间段。通过真空设备1.3在贮存室11中产生适宜的真空。
图3示出按照本发明的绕组体21的实施例，该绕组体具有环形的低压绕组12和整周地包围低压绕组12的高压绕组13。低压绕组12和高压绕组13彼此同中心地布置。为此，低压绕组12和高压绕组13用液态的绝缘材料、例如树脂浇注。随后使绝缘材料14在真空炉中固化。为了在浇注中使低压绕组12和高压绕组13保持彼此同中心，设置距离保持件10，所述距离保持件10辐射状地或者沿径向在低压绕组12和高压绕组13之间延伸。
图4示出通过按照本发明的方法制造的距离保持件10的实施例，该距离保持件10在图4所示的实施例中形成所谓的梳状结构，在该梳状结构中，自由的臂部或者说柱22从共同的连接板23突出。绕组的绕组层的绕组导线因此可以插入臂部22之间。通过连接板23，相互叠置的多个绕组层沿纵向彼此间隔。
图5示出切割前的距离保持件10的另外的实施例，该距离保持件10具有所谓的I形轮廓。

Claims (6)

1.一种制造用于高压电气设备的绕组单元(21)的距离保持件(10)的方法，其中，
-将至少两种起始组分(A、B)在处于真空下的混合室(4)中彼此混合，从而形成组分混合物；
-将所述组分混合物转移到挤出机的同样处于真空下的挤出壳体(5)中，在所述挤出壳体(5)中布置有输送器件(6、18)，并且所述挤出壳体(5)配备有限定排出口(20)的边界的喷嘴(7)；并且
-在真空中通过加入热量使从所述喷嘴排出的挤出物固化以便得到所述距离保持件(10)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，排出的挤出物通过设置在所述挤出机之后的加热元件(8)在真空下被加热。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述组分混合物在转移到所述挤出壳体(5)中之前在模制体(15)中被部分地活化。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述距离保持件(10)在真空下在预先确定的固化温度中贮存超过预先确定的时间段。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述起始组分在混合之前分别被转移到配属的组分壳体(2、3)中，在所述组分壳体(2、3)中施加真空，并且将每个组分壳体(2、3)在输出侧与所述混合室(4)连接。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，从喷嘴(7)排出的挤出物被处于真空下的切割工具(9)切割成距离保持件。
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EP3684579B1 (de) 2022-08-10
CN111372744A (zh) 2020-07-03
BR112020009851A2 (pt) 2020-11-03
CA3083661C (en) 2021-11-16
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ES2930120T3 (es) 2022-12-07
DE102017220781A1 (de) 2019-05-23
PT3684579T (pt) 2022-10-26
DE102017220781B4 (de) 2019-09-26
BR112020009851A8 (pt) 2023-04-25
US20200357567A1 (en) 2020-11-12

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