CN106035075A - Simple apocarya artificial supplementary pollination method - Google Patents
Simple apocarya artificial supplementary pollination method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106035075A CN106035075A CN201610556022.5A CN201610556022A CN106035075A CN 106035075 A CN106035075 A CN 106035075A CN 201610556022 A CN201610556022 A CN 201610556022A CN 106035075 A CN106035075 A CN 106035075A
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- apocarya
- male flower
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- pollination
- artificial supplementary
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
- A01G24/35—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds containing water-absorbing polymers
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a simple apocarya artificial supplementary pollination method, and belongs to the field of crop culture. The artificial supplementary pollination method comprises the specific steps that male flower branches are clipped to serve as pollination sources and are inserted into water retention materials, and then the water retention materials into which the male flower branches are inserted are closely wrapped by an airtight material and then bound to apocarya forest stand upper middle wind gap trees for pollination. The male flower branches of excellent pollination varieties capable of meeting the phenological period of an original main culture variety and high in pollen affinity are adopted as the pollination sources, the water retention materials soaked with sufficient water are adopted as water supply sources, the male flower branches are inserted into the water retention materials, all the water retention materials are evenly bound into apocarya forest stand, therefore, the effect the same as that of variety collocation cultivation is achieved, the fruit setting rate of the apocarya forest stand is increased, and then the yield of forest land is increased; precise poverty relief is promoted, sound development of the apocarya industry in our country is promoted, and the method meets the development needs of the apocarya industry of our country.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of apocarya pollinating method, particularly relate to a kind of simple apocarya human assistance and award
Powder method, belongs to crops and cultivates field.
Background technology
Apocarya (Carya illinoensis) has another name called pecan, and pecan tree, for Juglandaceae
(Julandaceae) a kind of deciduous tree of hickory (Carya), is one of world-renowned dry fruit oil plant seeds, is also
Good material is used and courtyard greening seeds.Apocarya kernel color delicacy incense, without astringent taste, nutritious, containing useful to human body
Various aminoacid, its content is higher than Fructus oleae europaeae, also rich in vitamin B1, B2, therefore enjoys liking of people.China is in 19 generation
Discipline end starts to introduce a fine variety apocarya, at present in China Zhejiang, Yunnan, Anhui, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan and good fortune
Multiple provinces such as build and all have introducing and planting.In addition apocarya trunk is logical straight, and height is big, tree performance is graceful for tree, is also preferable
The coastal greening in Plain, farm field and forest network, " four is other " plantation seeds, its timber is widely used in military project, top-grade furniture etc..
As long as though apocarya introduces China a century, but owing to its breeding cycle is longer, breeding evaluate selection-breeding work into
Slowly, the breeding of suitable China cultivating and growing is less, causes apocarya industry development limited for degree, simultaneously because selection-breeding in early days
Cultivar lack configuration, cause standing forest bearing capacity poor, affect self-employed tree cultivator plant enthusiasm, seriously blocked shell mountain
The development of Walnut Industry.In recent years, along with that studies apocarya progressively gos deep into, suitable shell mountain core has progressively been selected
The pollinated variety of Fructus Persicae Main Cultivars configuration, it is also proposed apocarya orchard kind configuration mode simultaneously, but these
Standing forest enters the phase of abounding with and also needs to some cycles, and major part should enter the standing forest in the best fruiting period, owing to kind is single, configuration not
When causing, result performance is the most poor, connects, by after-culture pollinated variety or height, technical measures such as changing hat and can not obtain in a short time again
Effect, although by a powder, tremble powder, the more common artificial supplementary pollination method such as dust can reach the purpose of pollination, extenuates thin
Shell Semen Caryae Cathayensis standing forest yield poorly under problem, but there is problems:
1. the artificial some powder amount of labour used is very big and extremely inefficient, can only carry out operation, current labour force in tree body middle and lower part
Anxiety, in the case of labour cost is higher, the economic benefit increased by a powder is also not enough to the labour cost that deducts, and therefore produces
Upper it is not recommended that take the method to carry out artificial supplementary pollination.The method is used for scientific research institutions' controlled pollination test.
2. taking the mode trembling powder to carry out artificial supplementary pollination, more manually some powder efficiency improves a lot, but there is pollen and need
The amount of asking is big, the problems such as Pollination Effect is the best, and the collection of the collection of early stage pollen, dry in the sun and pollen and preservation etc. are also required to big
That measures is artificial, and process and preservation simultaneously for pollen require the highest, and misoperation can cause pollen to inactivate.Manually tremble powder to exist
Rainy day cannot operation, cloudy day operation effectiveness is the best, need to operation before at 10 in fair weather morning, by inside even from weather relatively
Greatly, and also needing to carry out secondary every other day after for the first time trembling powder and tremble powder, have ensured that Pollination Effect, the method general recommendations is at little area
Pilot forest uses, through overtesting, the half of the method percentage of fertile fruit deficiency spontaneous pollination standing forest percentage of fertile fruit.
3. take the mode dusted to carry out artificial supplementary pollination, early stage pollen collection, dry in the sun, process and preserve on tremble
Powder is similar to, it is also desirable to more labour force, processes pollen simultaneously and Storage Requirement is higher, can be diluted in 2% after pollen collecting
Or 3% sucrose solution in, sprayed at woodland by press atomization device, the most useful unmanned plane carry out spraying
Example, although the method is relatively trembled powder and can have been saved on this at manpower, but it is big to there is the amount of labour used, the problem of poor effect, warp
Overtesting, dust that apocarya standing forest percentage of fertile fruit is spontaneous pollination standing forest percentage of fertile fruit about 60%.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to for the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, it is proposed that one is remarkably improved shell mountain
Apocarya artificial supplementary pollination method simple and practical in pecan orchards percentage of fertile fruit, production.
The purpose of the present invention can be realized by following technical proposal: a kind of simple apocarya artificial supplementary pollination side
Method, concretely comprises the following steps: clip male flower branch, as pollination source, inserts in water-keeping material, then will be inserted with the water conservation material of male flower branch
Tie up to be placed in apocarya standing forest after material gas impermeable material parcel is tight and pollinate on uptake tree body.
In above-mentioned a kind of simple apocarya artificial supplementary pollination method, at staminate inflorescence loose powder initial stage clip male flower
Branch.The present invention, at staminate inflorescence loose powder initial stage clip male flower branch, causes pollen to disperse in a large number after can avoiding flower pesticide maturation, loses
Go the defect of effect.
As preferably, the male flower branch of clip removes partial blade, to prevent water point excessive vaporization.
In above-mentioned a kind of simple apocarya artificial supplementary pollination method, described male flower branch is in water-keeping material
The 1/2-3/4 that insertion depth is water-keeping material thickness.
In above-mentioned a kind of simple apocarya artificial supplementary pollination method, described water-keeping material is flower mud.
As preferably, described colored mud is made up of following weight percent composition: phenolic resin: 100 parts, Lauxite: 25-
35 parts, surfactant: 5-10 part, foaming agent: 8-15 part, firming agent: 15-25 part.
Colored mud in the market is mainly made up of Foaming of phenolic resin, and the most degradable, a large amount of uses can cause environment
Pollute.Therefore, the present invention uses phenolic resin to be raw material preparation flower mud with the mixture of Lauxite, makes the colored mud prepared
There is good biological degradability；Meanwhile, the colored mud that above-mentioned raw materials compatibility is made also has good water absorption and water-retaining property.
As preferably, described surfactant is the one in aliphatic alcohol polyethenoxy, polyethenoxy ether.Above two table
Face activating agent not only has good foam stability, and has extremely strong emulsification, and extremely strong emulsification is permissible
Improve the uniformity coefficient of each component mixing, advantageously form the trickleest foam structure, and course of reaction can be accelerated, shorten
Hardening time.
As preferably, described foaming agent is the one in fluorochlorohydrocarbon, dichloromethane, pentane.
As preferably, described firming agent is aromatic sulfonic acid.Firming agent is extremely important to the quality of foaming, it is desirable to resin polymerization
Curing rate and the expansion rate of thing match.The firming agent aromatic sulfonic acid that the present invention selects is possible not only to reach above-mentioned requirements,
And corrosivity is little, and having toughening effect, efficiently solve phenolic resin foam elongation percentage low, matter is crisp, the defect that hardness is big.
In above-mentioned a kind of simple apocarya artificial supplementary pollination method, described every mu of selection 10-30%'s is thin
Shell Chinese walnut body carries out the placement of male flower branch, and every strain is tied up and put 3～5 male flower branches.Due to the effective propagation distance of pollen about
For 50m, current apocarya every mu preferred field planting 10 strain, for more effectively reaching the purpose of artificial supplementary pollination, every mu is entered
One step preferably 2 strain carries out the placement of male flower branch, and every strain is tied up and put 3～5 male flower branches.
The excellent pollinated variety that the present invention uses with original Main Cultivars phenological period can meet, pollen affinity is higher
Male flower branch is pollination source, and the water-keeping material using leaching foot moisture is water supply source, inserts in water-keeping material, uniformly ties up and be placed in
In apocarya standing forest, thus reach the effect identical with kind configuration cultivation, improve apocarya standing forest percentage of fertile fruit, enter
And improve forest land yield.
This economical and effective of the present invention, simple and feasible artificial supplementary pollination method are applicable to China's apocarya poor efficiency
Standing forest, used the inventive method can effectively solve because kind is single or joins before kind configuration in apocarya orchard is improved
The problem putting the improper apocarya standing forest result degraded performance caused, significantly improves apocarya orchard percentage of fertile fruit, enters
And increase economic efficiency, the most accurate poverty alleviation, apocarya growing area self-employed tree cultivator can be promoted to increase income, forest land potentiation, promote me
State's apocarya industry develops in a healthy way, and meets the demand of present stage China's apocarya industry development.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is clip male flower branch figure of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the figure that male flower branch of the present invention removes partial blade；
Fig. 3 is the immersion figure of water-keeping material of the present invention flower mud；
Fig. 4 is the figure of the male flower branch insertion water-keeping material flower mud of clip of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the colored mud gas impermeable material plastic bag tight figure of parcel that the present invention inserts male flower branch；
Fig. 6 is the present invention to be tied up to be placed in apocarya standing forest set wrapping up colored mud tight, with male flower branch on body
Figure.
Detailed description of the invention
The following is the specific embodiment of the present invention, and technical scheme is further retouched by accompanying drawings
State, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
Embodiment 1:
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, select to examine (recognizing) through high quality tree species validation board at the provincial and ministerial level fixed or scientific research institutions' selection-breeding
Superior clone, can be object of drawing materials with the pollinated variety that former main breed carries out configuring, by the end of April to the first tenday period of a month in May, treat selected
The staminate inflorescence loose powder initial stage clip male flower branch determining kind is standby as pollination source.The male flower branch of clip removes partial blade,
To prevent water point excessive vaporization.
As it is shown on figure 3, select draw materials be easier to, cheap commercially available phenolic resin flower mud as water-keeping material, and
Being placed in pond by flower mud allows it fully absorb moisture.
As shown in Figure 4, being inserted by the male flower branch of clip in the colored mud of leaching foot moisture, male flower branch is at water-keeping material flower mud
In insertion depth be water-keeping material flower mud thickness 2/3.
As it is shown in figure 5, for reducing moisture evaporation in flower mud, the colored mud plastic bag being inserted with male flower branch is wrapped up tight.
As shown in Figure 6, tie up be placed in uptake tree in apocarya standing forest by wrapping up colored mud tight, with male flower branch
On body, it is positioned at the middle and upper part of tree body, expands the scope of pollen transmission.Placement ratio is: apocarya every mu field planting 10 strain, often
Mu selects 2 strains to carry out the placement of male flower branch, and every strain is tied up and put 4 male flower branches.
Embodiment 2:
Embodiment 2 differs only in embodiment 1, and the placement ratio of embodiment 2 is: apocarya every mu field planting 10
Strain, every mu selects the placement that 1 strain carries out male flower branch, and every strain is tied up and put 4 male flower branches.
Embodiment 3:
Embodiment 3 differs only in embodiment 1, and the placement ratio of embodiment 3 is: apocarya every mu field planting 10
Strain, every mu selects the placement that 3 strains carry out male flower branch, and every strain is tied up and put 4 male flower branches.
Embodiment 4:
Embodiment 4 differs only in embodiment 1, and the colored mud of embodiment 4 is become to be grouped into by following parts by weight: phenolic aldehyde
Resin: 100 parts, Lauxite: 25 parts, surfactant: 5 parts, foaming agent: 8 parts, firming agent: 15 parts.Its preparation method is:
By phenolic resin and Lauxite mixing and stirring, it is subsequently adding surfactant aliphatic alcohol polyethenoxy and foaming agent penta
Alkane, adds firming agent aromatic sulfonic acid after continuing stirring, and foam in drying baker after stirring at 50 DEG C 10min again, after solidification
Neutralized process obtains flower mud.
Embodiment 5:
Embodiment 5 differs only in embodiment 4, and the colored mud of embodiment 5 is become to be grouped into by following parts by weight: phenolic aldehyde
Resin: 100 parts, Lauxite: 30 parts, surfactant: 8 parts, foaming agent: 10 parts, firming agent: 20 parts.Its preparation method is:
By phenolic resin and Lauxite mixing and stirring, it is subsequently adding surfactant aliphatic alcohol polyethenoxy and foaming agent penta
Alkane, adds firming agent aromatic sulfonic acid after continuing stirring, and foam in drying baker after stirring at 52 DEG C 8min again, warp after solidification
Neutralisation treatment obtains flower mud.
Embodiment 6:
Embodiment 6 differs only in embodiment 4, and the colored mud of embodiment 6 is become to be grouped into by following parts by weight: phenolic aldehyde
Resin: 100 parts, Lauxite: 35 parts, surfactant: 10 parts, foaming agent: 15 parts, firming agent: 25 parts.Its preparation method
For: by phenolic resin and Lauxite mixing and stirring, it is subsequently adding surfactant aliphatic alcohol polyethenoxy and foaming agent
Pentane, adds firming agent aromatic sulfonic acid after continuing stirring, and foam in drying baker after stirring at 55 DEG C 6min again, after solidification
Neutralized process obtains flower mud.
Embodiment 7-9 differs only in embodiment 4-6, and embodiment 7-9 flower mud nutritional solution soaks, the group of nutritional solution
One-tenth composition is: 1500mg/L sucrose, 200mg/LAl2(SO4)3, 315mg/L Ca (NO3)2, 185mg/L KH2PO4, 12mg/L
6-BA, 25mg/L salicylic acid, can more preferably keep the vitality of male flower branch and extend the life-span of male flower branch.
The commercially available phenolic resin flower mud of the colored mud of embodiment of the present invention 4-6 with embodiment 1-3 is carried out performance comparison,
Result is as shown in table 1.
Table 1
The mensuration of water absorption rate: product is cut into the cube that the length of side is 5cm, is placed in enough water, is dipped to water suction full
With rear, filter off unnecessary water with screen cloth, then weigh after blot the water on surface with filter paper.It is calculated as follows water absorption rate:
Colored mud weight × 100% before water absorption rate=(the colored mud after water suction weighs the colored mud weight before a water suction)/water suction.
The mensuration of water retention: after sample is filled water, places on a glass, weighs after 5d, calculating water retention:
Water absorption/saturated water adsorptive value × 100% after water retention=placement.
The mensuration of degradation rate: flower mud is cut into the square colored mud fritter of 2cm, weighs 30g and bury in people's soil, take after 5 months
Sample, brushes away the earth of surface attachment after drying, again weighs, the loss rate of calculated weight:
Loss rate=(the colored mud before degraded weighs the colored mud weight after a degraded), the colored mud weight × 100% before degraded.
As known from Table 1, colored mud water absorption rate and water retention that the present invention makes are greatly improved, and flower mud has good biology
Degradability.
Comparative example 1:
Comparative example 1 uses artificial some powder to carry out artificial supplementary pollination.
Comparative example 2:
Comparative example 2 takes the mode trembling powder to carry out artificial supplementary pollination.
Comparative example 3:
Comparative example 3 takes the mode dusted to carry out artificial supplementary pollination.
After artificial supplementary pollination, gather in the crops after cultivation management to fruit maturation.By the embodiment of the present invention 1 and comparative example 1-3
Method contrasts, and result is as shown in table 2.Wherein, percentage of fertile fruit is the relative value relative to spontaneous pollination standing forest percentage of fertile fruit.
Table 2
As known from Table 1, the inventive method not only increases apocarya standing forest percentage of fertile fruit, and reduces cost, from
And apocarya growing area self-employed tree cultivator can be promoted to increase income, forest land potentiation, promote that China apocarya industry develops in a healthy way, symbol
Close the demand of present stage China's apocarya industry development.And from embodiment of the present invention 1-9 can it is further seen that, use this
The colored mud of invention preparation, and spend mud nutritional solution to soak, although cost slightly increases compared to embodiment 1-3, but, shell
Semen Caryae Cathayensis standing forest percentage of fertile fruit promotes substantially, actively promote apocarya growing area self-employed tree cultivator increase income, the effect of forest land potentiation.
In above-described embodiment and alternative thereof, male flower branch insertion depth can also be at the 1/2 of water-keeping material, 3/
At 5, at 3/4.
In above-described embodiment and alternative thereof, it can also be 3 or 5 that the male flower branch put is tied up in every strain.
In above-described embodiment and alternative thereof, surfactant can also be polyethenoxy ether.
In above-described embodiment and alternative thereof, foaming agent can also be fluorochlorohydrocarbon or dichloromethane.
Specific embodiment described herein is only to present invention spirit explanation for example.Technology neck belonging to the present invention
Described specific embodiment can be made various amendment or supplements or use similar mode to substitute by the technical staff in territory, but also
Do not deviate by the spirit of the present invention or surmount scope defined in appended claims.
Although the present invention has been made a detailed description and has quoted some specific embodiments as proof, but skilled to this area
For technical staff, as long as it is obvious for can making various changes without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention or revise.
Claims (5)
1. a simple apocarya artificial supplementary pollination method, it is characterised in that concretely comprise the following steps: clip male flower branch is made
For pollination source, insert in water-keeping material, then the water-keeping material gas impermeable material being inserted with male flower branch is wrapped up tight after tie up and put
Pollinate on uptake tree body in apocarya standing forest.
One the most according to claim 1 simple apocarya artificial supplementary pollination method, it is characterised in that at male flower
Sequence loose powder initial stage clip male flower branch.
One the most according to claim 1 simple apocarya artificial supplementary pollination method, it is characterised in that described hero
Spray bar insertion depth in water-keeping material is the 1/2-3/4 of water-keeping material thickness.
4. according to a kind of simple apocarya artificial supplementary pollination method described in claim 1 or 3, it is characterised in that institute
State water-keeping material for flower mud.
One the most according to claim 1 simple apocarya artificial supplementary pollination method, it is characterised in that described often
Mu selects the apocarya tree body of 10-30% to carry out the placement of male flower branch, and every strain is tied up and put 3～5 male flower branches.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN114009270A (en) * | 2021-12-01 | 2022-02-08 | 全椒县绿兴园生态农业发展有限公司 | Artificial pollination technology for apocarya |
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| CN114009270A (en) * | 2021-12-01 | 2022-02-08 | 全椒县绿兴园生态农业发展有限公司 | Artificial pollination technology for apocarya |
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