CN106035075B - A kind of simple apocarya artificial supplementary pollination method - Google Patents
A kind of simple apocarya artificial supplementary pollination method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106035075B CN106035075B CN201610556022.5A CN201610556022A CN106035075B CN 106035075 B CN106035075 B CN 106035075B CN 201610556022 A CN201610556022 A CN 201610556022A CN 106035075 B CN106035075 B CN 106035075B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
- A01G24/35—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds containing water-absorbing polymers
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of simple apocarya artificial supplementary pollination methods, belong to crops culture field.The artificial supplementary pollination method the specific steps are：Clip male flower branch is inserted into as pollination source in water-keeping material, then is tied up to be placed in apocarya standing forest in uptake tree body after the water-keeping material for being inserted with male flower branch is wrapped up tightly with gas impermeable material and be pollinated.The present invention is used can meet with original Main Cultivars phenological period, the male flower branch of the higher excellent pollinated variety of pollen compatibility is pollination source, use the water-keeping material of the sufficient moisture of leaching for moisture supply source, it is inserted into water-keeping material, it uniformly ties up and is placed in apocarya standing forest, to reach identical effect is cultivated with kind configuration, improve apocarya standing forest percentage of fertile fruit, and then improve forest land yield, be conducive to accurate poverty alleviation, promote China's apocarya industry to develop in a healthy way, meets the demand of China's apocarya industry development at this stage.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of apocarya pollinating methods more particularly to a kind of simple apocarya human assistance to award
Powder method belongs to crops culture field.
Background technology
Apocarya (Carya illinoensis) also known as pecan, pecan tree are Juglandaceae
(Julandaceae) a kind of deciduous tree of hickory (Carya) is one of world-renowned dry fruit oil tree, and
Good timber-used and courtyard greening seeds.Apocarya kernel color delicacy incense, no astringent taste is full of nutrition, containing beneficial to human body
Various amino acid, content is higher than olive, is also rich in vitamin B1, B2, therefore receives liking for people.China is in 19 generation
Discipline end starts to introduce a fine variety apocarya, at present in China Zhejiang, Yunnan, Anhui, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan and good fortune
Multiple provinces such as building has introducing and planting.In addition apocarya trunk is logical straight, and tree body is tall and big, tree performance is graceful, and preferable
The coastal greening in Plain, farm field and forest network, " by the of four " plant seeds, and timber is widely used in military project, top-grade furniture etc..
Though apocarya introduce China's a century as long as, since its breeding cycle is longer, breeding evaluation selection and breeding work into
Degree is slow, and the breeding suitable for China's cultivating and growing is less, causes apocarya industry development limited, simultaneously because early stage selection and breeding
Cultivar lack configuration, cause standing forest bearing capacity poor, influence self-employed tree cultivator plantation enthusiasm, seriously blocked shell mountain
The development of Walnut Industry.In recent years, it as that studies apocarya gradually gos deep into, has gradually selected suitable for thin shell mountain pecan
The pollinated variety of peach Main Cultivars configuration, while apocarya orchard kind configuration mode is also proposed, but these
The standing forest entrance phase of abounding with also needs to some cycles, and major part should enter the standing forest in the best fruiting period, not due to single varieties, configuration
When cause result performance again it is poor, connect by after-culture pollinated variety or height change hat etc. technical measures cannot obtain in a short time again
Effect is extenuated thin although by a powder, the more common artificial supplementary pollination method such as trembling powder, dusting and can achieve the purpose that pollination
Problem under shell hickory nut standing forest low output, but there is problems：
1. manually the point powder amount of labour used is very big and extremely inefficient, operation can only be carried out in tree body middle and lower part, in current labour
Anxiety in the case of labour cost is higher, is also not enough to deduction labour cost, therefore produce by the increased economic benefit of powder institute
Above it is not recommended that the method is taken to carry out artificial supplementary pollination.The method is chiefly used in scientific research institutions' controlled pollination experiment.
2. the mode for trembling powder is taken to carry out artificial supplementary pollination, relatively manually point powder efficiency improves very much, but there are pollen to need
The problems such as amount of asking is big, and Pollination Effect is bad, and the acquisition of pollen early period, drying and the collection of pollen and preservation etc. are also required to greatly
That measures is artificial, and the processing and preservation requirement simultaneously for pollen are also higher, and misoperation can cause pollen to inactivate.Manually powder is trembled to exist
Rainy day can not operation, cloudy operation effectiveness is bad, need in operation before at 10 points in the fair weather morning, by inside even from weather compared with
Greatly, and tremble for the first time also need to after powder carry out every other day it is secondary tremble powder, have ensured that Pollination Effect, the method general recommendations is in small area
It is used in pilot forest, through overtesting, the half of this method percentage of fertile fruit deficiency spontaneous pollination standing forest percentage of fertile fruit.
3. the mode dusted is taken to carry out artificial supplementary pollination, early period is in pollen collection, drying, processing and preserves and trembles
Powder is similar, it is also desirable to more labour, and meanwhile it is higher to pollen processing and Storage Requirement, 2% can be diluted in after pollen collecting
Or 3% sucrose solution in, by press atomization device woodland spray, in recent years also useful unmanned plane sprayed
Example, although the method is relatively trembled powder and can be saved on this in manpower, but there are the amounts of labour used big, ineffective problem, warp
Overtesting, the apocarya standing forest percentage of fertile fruit that dusts are 60% or so of spontaneous pollination standing forest percentage of fertile fruit.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is be directed to the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, it is proposed that one kind being remarkably improved shell mountain
Simple and practical apocarya artificial supplementary pollination method on pecan orchards percentage of fertile fruit, production.
Object of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme：A kind of simple apocarya artificial supplementary pollination side
Method, the specific steps are：Clip male flower branch is inserted into as pollination source in water-keeping material, then the water conservation material that will be inserted with male flower branch
Material is tied up to be placed in apocarya standing forest in uptake tree body and be pollinated after being wrapped up tightly with gas impermeable material.
In a kind of above-mentioned simple apocarya artificial supplementary pollination method, in male inflorescence loose powder initial stage clip male flower
Branch.The present invention can lose in male inflorescence loose powder initial stage clip male flower branch to avoid causing pollen largely to disperse after anther maturation
Go the defect of effect.
Preferably, the male flower branch of clip removes partial blade, to prevent water point excessive vaporization.
In a kind of above-mentioned simple apocarya artificial supplementary pollination method, the male flower branch is in water-keeping material
Insertion depth be water-keeping material thickness 1/2-3/4.
In a kind of above-mentioned simple apocarya artificial supplementary pollination method, the water-keeping material is flower mud.
Preferably, the flower mud is made of following weight percent composition：Phenolic resin：100 parts, Lauxite：25-
35 parts, surfactant：5-10 parts, foaming agent：8-15 parts, curing agent：15-25 parts.
Flower mud currently on the market is mainly made of Foaming of phenolic resin, not degradable, and a large amount of uses can cause environment
Pollution.Therefore, the present invention is that raw material prepares flower mud using the mixture of phenolic resin and Lauxite, makes the flower mud being prepared
With good biological degradability；Meanwhile flower mud made of above-mentioned raw materials compatibility also has good water absorbency and water retentivity.
Preferably, the surfactant is one kind in aliphatic alcohol polyethenoxy, polyethenoxy ether.Above two table
Face activating agent not only has good foam stability, but also has extremely strong emulsification, and extremely strong emulsification can be with
The uniformity coefficient for improving each component mixing advantageously forms uniformly subtle foam structure, and can accelerate reaction process, shortens
Hardening time.
Preferably, the foaming agent is one kind in fluorochlorohydrocarbon, dichloromethane, pentane.
Preferably, the curing agent is aromatic sulfonic acid.Curing agent is extremely important to the quality of foaming, it is desirable that resin polymerization
The curing rate and expansion rate of object match.The curing agent aromatic sulfonic acid that the present invention selects can not only reach above-mentioned requirements,
And corrosivity is small, and there is toughening effect, efficiently solve that phenolic resin foam elongation percentage is low, and matter is crisp, the big defect of hardness.
In a kind of above-mentioned simple apocarya artificial supplementary pollination method, the 10-30%'s of selection per acre is thin
Shell hickory nut tree body carries out the placement of male flower branch, ties up for every plant and sets 3~5 male flower branches.About due to the effective propagation distance of pollen
For 50m, apocarya is preferably colonized 10 plants per acre at present, more effectively to achieve the purpose that artificial supplementary pollination, per acre into
The placement of preferably 2 plants progress male flower branches of one step, ties up for every plant and sets 3~5 male flower branches.
The present invention is used can meet with original Main Cultivars phenological period, pollen compatibility higher excellent pollinated variety
Male flower branch is pollination source, uses the water-keeping material of the sufficient moisture of leaching for moisture supply source, is inserted into water-keeping material, uniformly ties up and be placed in
In apocarya standing forest, identical effect is cultivated with kind configuration to reach, improves apocarya standing forest percentage of fertile fruit, into
And improve forest land yield.
This economical and effective of the present invention, simple and feasible artificial supplementary pollination method are inefficient suitable for China's apocarya
Standing forest can effectively be solved because of single varieties or be matched using the method for the present invention before kind configuration in apocarya orchard is improved
The problem of setting improper caused apocarya standing forest result degraded performance, significantly improves apocarya orchard percentage of fertile fruit, into
And increase economic efficiency, be conducive to accurate poverty alleviation, apocarya growing area self-employed tree cultivator can be promoted to increase income, forest land synergy, promotes me
State's apocarya industry develops in a healthy way, and meets the demand of China's apocarya industry development at this stage.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is clip male flower branch figure of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the figure that male flower branch of the present invention removes partial blade；
Fig. 3 is the immersion figure of water-keeping material flower mud of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is that the male flower branch of clip of the present invention is inserted into the figure of water-keeping material flower mud；
Fig. 5 is the tight figure of flower mud gas impermeable material polybag package that the present invention is inserted into male flower branch；
Fig. 6 is that the present invention by package, tie up and be placed in apocarya standing forest in tree body by the tight, flower mud with male flower branch
Figure.
Specific implementation mode
The following is specific embodiments of the present invention, and is described with reference to the drawings and is further retouched to technical scheme of the present invention work
It states, however, the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Embodiment 1：
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, selection through high quality tree species validation board at the provincial and ministerial level examines that (recognizing) fixed or scientific research institutions' selection and breeding
Choiceness can be materials object with the pollinated variety that former main breed is configured, selected by the first tenday period of a month in May, waiting for by the end of April
The male inflorescence loose powder initial stage clip male flower branch for determining kind is spare as pollination source.The male flower branch of clip removes partial blade,
To prevent water point excessive vaporization.
As shown in figure 3, selecting, materials are easier to, cheap commercially available phenolic resin flower mud is as water-keeping material, and
Flower mud, which is placed in pond, allows it to fully absorb moisture.
As shown in figure 4, the male flower branch of clip is inserted into the flower mud of the sufficient moisture of leaching, male flower branch is in water-keeping material flower mud
In insertion depth be water-keeping material flower mud thickness 2/3.
As shown in figure 5, to reduce moisture evaporation in flower mud, the flower mud polybag for being inserted with male flower branch is wrapped up tightly.
As shown in fig. 6, the tight, flower mud with male flower branch ties up and is placed in uptake tree in apocarya standing forest by package
On body, it is located at the middle and upper part of tree body, expands the range of pollen transmission.Placement ratio is：Apocarya is colonized 10 plants per acre, often
The placement of 2 plants of progress male flower branches of mu selection, ties up for every plant and sets 4 male flower branches.
Embodiment 2：
Embodiment 2 is differed only in embodiment 1, and the placement ratio of embodiment 2 is：Apocarya is colonized 10 per acre
Strain selects the placement of 1 plant of progress male flower branch, ties up for every plant and set 4 male flower branches per acre.
Embodiment 3：
Embodiment 3 is differed only in embodiment 1, and the placement ratio of embodiment 3 is：Apocarya is colonized 10 per acre
Strain selects the placement of 3 plants of progress male flower branches, ties up for every plant and set 4 male flower branches per acre.
Embodiment 4：
Embodiment 4 is differed only in embodiment 1, and the flower mud of embodiment 4 is by following parts by weight at being grouped as：Phenolic aldehyde
Resin：100 parts, Lauxite：25 parts, surfactant：5 parts, foaming agent：8 parts, curing agent：15 parts.Preparation method is：
Phenolic resin and Lauxite are mixed evenly, surfactant aliphatic alcohol polyethenoxy and foaming agent penta is then added
Alkane is added curing agent aromatic sulfonic acid after continuing stirring, the 10min that foams at 50 DEG C in rear re-dry case is stirred evenly, after solidification
Neutralized processing obtains flower mud.
Embodiment 5：
Embodiment 5 is differed only in embodiment 4, and the flower mud of embodiment 5 is by following parts by weight at being grouped as：Phenolic aldehyde
Resin：100 parts, Lauxite：30 parts, surfactant：8 parts, foaming agent：10 parts, curing agent：20 parts.Preparation method is：
Phenolic resin and Lauxite are mixed evenly, surfactant aliphatic alcohol polyethenoxy and foaming agent penta is then added
Alkane is added curing agent aromatic sulfonic acid after continuing stirring, stirs evenly the 8min that foams at 52 DEG C in rear re-dry case, passed through after solidification
Neutralisation treatment obtains flower mud.
Embodiment 6：
Embodiment 6 is differed only in embodiment 4, and the flower mud of embodiment 6 is by following parts by weight at being grouped as：Phenolic aldehyde
Resin：100 parts, Lauxite：35 parts, surfactant：10 parts, foaming agent：15 parts, curing agent：25 parts.Preparation method
For：Phenolic resin and Lauxite are mixed evenly, surfactant aliphatic alcohol polyethenoxy and foaming agent is then added
Pentane is added curing agent aromatic sulfonic acid after continuing stirring, the 6min that foams at 55 DEG C in rear re-dry case is stirred evenly, after solidification
Neutralized processing obtains flower mud.
Embodiment 7-9 is differed only in embodiment 4-6's, and embodiment 7-9 flower muds are impregnated with nutrient solution, the group of nutrient solution
It is at ingredient：1500mg/L sucrose, 200mg/LAl2(SO4)3, 315mg/L Ca (NO3)2, 185mg/L KH2PO4, 12mg/L
6-BA, 25mg/L salicylic acid can more preferably keep the vitality of male flower branch and extend the service life of male flower branch.
The flower mud of 4-6 of the embodiment of the present invention and the commercially available phenolic resin flower mud of embodiment 1-3 are subjected to performance comparison,
The results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1
The measurement of water absorption rate：Product is cut into the cube that the length of side is 5cm, is placed in enough water, it is full to be dipped to water suction
With it is rear, extra water is filtered off with sieve, then weigh after blotting with filter paper the water on surface.Water absorption rate is calculated as follows：
Flower mud weight × 100% before water absorption rate=(flower mud after water suction weighs the flower mud weight before a water suction)/water suction.
The measurement of water retention：It after sample is filled water, places on a glass, is weighed after 5d, calculate water retention：
Water absorption/saturated water adsorptive value × 100% after water retention=placement.
The measurement of degradation rate：Flower mud is cut into the flower mud fritter of 2cm square, 30g is weighed and buries in people's soil, taken after 5 months
Sample brushes away the soil of surface attachment, weighs again, the loss late of calculated weight after dry：
Loss late=(flower mud before degradation weighs the flower mud weight after a degradation), the flower mud weight × 100% before degradation.
As known from Table 1, flower mud water absorption rate and water retention made of the present invention greatly improve, and flower mud has biology well
Degradability.
Comparative example 1：
Comparative example 1 carries out artificial supplementary pollination using artificial point powder.
Comparative example 2：
Comparative example 2 takes the mode for trembling powder to carry out artificial supplementary pollination.
Comparative example 3：
Comparative example 3 takes the mode dusted to carry out artificial supplementary pollination.
After artificial supplementary pollination, harvested after cultivation management to fruit maturation.By the embodiment of the present invention 1 and comparative example 1-3
Method is compared, and the results are shown in Table 2.Wherein, percentage of fertile fruit is the relative value relative to spontaneous pollination standing forest percentage of fertile fruit.
Table 2
As known from Table 1, the method for the present invention not only increases apocarya standing forest percentage of fertile fruit, and reduces cost, from
And apocarya growing area self-employed tree cultivator can be promoted to increase income, forest land synergy, promote China's apocarya industry to develop in a healthy way, symbol
Close the demand of China's apocarya industry development at this stage.And from 1-9 of the embodiment of the present invention can with it is further seen that, use this
It invents the flower mud prepared and flower mud is impregnated with nutrient solution, although cost slightly increases compared to embodiment 1-3, shell
Hickory nut standing forest percentage of fertile fruit promoted it is apparent, actively promote apocarya growing area self-employed tree cultivator increase income, the effect of forest land synergy.
In above-described embodiment and its alternative, male flower branch insertion depth can also be water-keeping material 1/2 at, 3/
At 5, at 3/4.
In above-described embodiment and its alternative, it can also be 3 or 5 that every plant, which is tied up the male flower branch set,.
In above-described embodiment and its alternative, surfactant can also be polyethenoxy ether.
In above-described embodiment and its alternative, foaming agent can also be fluorochlorohydrocarbon or dichloromethane.
Specific embodiment described herein is only an example for the spirit of the invention.Technology belonging to the present invention is led
The technical staff in domain can do various modifications or supplement to described specific embodiment or substitute by a similar method, but simultaneously
The spirit or beyond the scope defined by the appended claims of the present invention is not deviated by.
It is skilled to this field although present invention has been described in detail and some specific embodiments have been cited
For technical staff, as long as it is obvious that can make various changes or correct without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of simple apocarya artificial supplementary pollination method, which is characterized in that the specific steps are：Clip male flower branch is made
It for source of pollinating, is inserted into water-keeping material flower mud, then the water-keeping material flower mud gas impermeable material for being inserted with male flower branch is wrapped up sternly
It ties up to be placed in apocarya standing forest after reality and pollinate in uptake tree body, select the thin shell mountain pecan peach of 10-30% per acre
Body carries out the placement of male flower branch, ties up for every plant and sets 3~5 male flower branches；
The flower mud is by following parts by weight at being grouped as：Phenolic resin：100 parts, Lauxite：25-35 parts, surface-active
Agent：5-10 parts, foaming agent：8-15 parts, curing agent aromatic sulfonic acid：15-25 parts；
The surfactant is one kind in aliphatic alcohol polyethenoxy, polyethenoxy ether；
The foaming agent is one kind in fluorochlorohydrocarbon, dichloromethane, pentane.
2. a kind of simple apocarya artificial supplementary pollination method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in male flower
Sequence loose powder initial stage clip male flower branch.
3. a kind of simple apocarya artificial supplementary pollination method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the hero
Insertion depth of the spray item in water-keeping material is the 1/2-3/4 of water-keeping material thickness.
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| USPP22729P3 (en) * | 2010-07-09 | 2012-05-15 | Andrew L. Clough | Pecan tree named ‘ECLIPSE’ |
| CN105474940A (en) * | 2015-11-04 | 2016-04-13 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | Pecan low production forest improvement method |
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| 复合型可降解插花泥的制备;丁杰等;《化学工程师》;20141231(第4期);第23-25页，尤其是摘要 * |
| 核桃的人工辅助授粉技术;李冬林;《特种经济动植物》;20001231(第4期);第28页，尤其是第3节 * |
| 模拟薄壳山核桃自然散粉对浙江山核桃实生林分果实直感效应的研究;姚小华等;《江西农业大学学报》;20160620;第38卷(第3期);第403-411页，尤其是第1.3.1节、第2.1.3节 * |
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