CN105906382B - 一种大理石抛光瓷砖及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种大理石抛光瓷砖及其制备方法,属于建筑陶瓷领域。其特征在于:瓷砖的底釉层上自下而上依次为面釉层、涂墨层和印刷釉层,印刷釉层具有大理石纹理;所述的印刷釉层的元素百分比组成为:硅55%~65%、铝4%~10%、钙10%~15%、镁0.5%~2%、钾3%~6%、锌5%~10%、硼2%~5%、钠0%~0.5%、钡0%~3%。制备方法采用二次烧成技术并控制特定施釉量。本发明印刷釉层的晶型结构,使得本瓷砖的印刷釉层整层能够在烧制后呈现为天然大理石的纹理,无论瓷砖如何磨损,只要未彻底磨穿印刷釉层,都会具有大理石纹理的视觉效果。
Description
技术领域
一种大理石抛光瓷砖及其制备方法,属于建筑陶瓷领域。
背景技术
现在有比较多的具有大理石花纹图案的瓷砖,但是这些瓷砖大多只是属于印花,容易在常年的日常瓷砖清理中将花纹磨掉,暴露出底釉的颜色。还有一些传统瓷砖的层状结构是:坯体层上为底釉层,底釉层上为色釉层,色釉层上为抛光釉层。这种传统瓷砖的花纹是在色釉层呈现的。但是这种传统工艺形成的花纹不够逼真,花纹上覆盖有明显的一层抛光釉,所以缺少天然大理石的真实感,瓷砖的使用效果缺少自然纹理的感觉。随着人们审美要求的逐渐提高,这些传统瓷砖已不再能满足需求。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是:克服现有技术的不足,提供一种更加美观、更逼真的大理石抛光瓷砖及其制备方法。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:该大理石抛光瓷砖,包括坯体和底釉层,其特征在于:所述的底釉层上自下而上依次为面釉层、涂墨层和印刷釉层,印刷釉层具有大理石纹理;所述的印刷釉层的元素百分比组成为:硅55%~65%、铝4%~10%、钙10%~15%、镁0.5%~2%、钾3%~6%、锌5%~10%、硼2%~5%、钠0%~0.5%、钡0%~3%。所述印刷釉层中因各元素基本可表征为氧化物形式,氧元素为必要元素,其含量为被动量,本元素百分比仅以除氧和微量杂质外其他有效元素的质量百分比表征。
印刷釉层是通过网格印刷将釉料直接印在喷涂有陶瓷用墨的面釉层上,与陶瓷用墨的结合呈色稳定,元素组成形成的晶型结构,使得本瓷砖的印刷釉层整层能够在烧制后呈现为天然大理石的纹理,这样无论瓷砖如何磨损,只要未彻底磨穿印刷釉层,都会具有大理石纹理的视觉效果。不再像传统的大理石花纹瓷砖一样,只把表层的印花磨穿即漏出面釉的颜色。
优选的,所述的印刷釉层的元素百分比组成为:硅59%~63%、铝7%~8%、钙12%~14%、镁1%~1.5%、钾4%~5%、锌7%~8%、硼3%~4%、钠0.1%~0.3%、钡1.2%~2%。在该优选的元素百分比组成下,印刷釉层的晶型结构与天然大理石最为接近,且耐磨性能达到最佳。
所述的印刷釉层的原料重量份组成为大理石粉30~33份、釉料46~49份、高岭土10~13份、微晶纤维素8~12份、印油13~16份。该印刷釉的原料组成可以制得上述元素组成的印刷釉层,保证晶型结构呈现出大理石纹理。其中的具体用量可以使用相同或相似组成的陶瓷用料替换。采用二次跳印,烧后更透明,抛后釉面平,亮度98以上。
优选的,所述的印刷釉层的原料重量份组成为大理石粉33份、釉料46份、高岭土12份、微晶纤维素10份、印油15份。
优选的,所述的坯体的原料重量份组成包括焦宝石10~15份、透辉石40~46份、瓷石8~13份、莱阳土20~25份、炉渣10~12份和粉煤灰2~3份、结合剂0.5~1份,其中结合剂的质量百分比组成为:长石56%~68%、硼玻璃32%~44%。本发明在印刷釉层和坯体间设底釉层和面釉层,在底釉和面釉的厚度足够时完全可以使用传统的陶质坯体。本发明提供一种含有炉渣和粉煤灰的坯体原料组成,该组成通过组份调整调节坯体本身气密性的同时,还添加炉渣和粉煤,消耗工业废弃物,达到节能环保的效果。最主要的本发明的坯体中添加有结合剂,该结合剂的添加在坯体烧制过程中激发炉渣的残余能量,使其与其它原料结合在坯体的表面形成致密隔离膜,既增加了坯体的强度,又可以在施加更少的底釉和面釉的情况下,保证印刷釉层的正常成像。坯体质量轻、强度高,尤其适合作为墙砖的坯体。
优选的,所述的坯体的原料重量份组成包括焦宝石12份、透辉石43份、瓷石10份、莱阳土22份、炉渣12份和粉煤灰2份、结合剂0.6份配料,结合剂的质量百分比组成为:长石62%、硼玻璃38%。
所述的坯体为粉煤灰坯体。
所述的坯体为炉渣坯体。
本发明在印刷釉层和坯体间设底釉层和面釉层,在底釉和面釉的厚度足够时完全可以适应粉煤灰坯体或炉渣坯体。
所述坯体的白度为70%~72%。本发明通过原料的搭配,消除炉渣或粉煤灰的深色,使坯体白度达到70%左右,保证不影响印刷釉层的色彩美感的同时强度又比普通墙面砖好。
坯体中加入粉煤灰不是必须成分,也可以用废坯、废砖破碎后代替,合理的解决了废料利用问题。
所述的底釉层的材质为不透水底釉,底釉的白度80%~85%。底釉层的材质和白度直接影响印刷釉层的呈色和烧制成的结晶状态(影响气、水通过率),在该优选条件下可以达到底釉的最小施釉量。
一种大理石抛光瓷砖的制备方法,采用二次烧成技术,制备步骤为:
1)烧制坯体;
2)在坯体上施淋底釉釉浆,施釉量103 g/m2~135g/m2;
3)在底釉上施淋面釉釉浆,施釉量127g/m2~154g/m2,5D打印发色亚光釉,纹理清晰,发色好;
4)将陶瓷用墨利用数码喷墨技术喷至面釉上,优选进口陶丽西墨水,稳定,发色好;
5)采用网板印刷技术进行二次跳印印制印刷釉,印刷釉施釉量55 g/m2~62g/m2;
6)烧制后对印刷釉进行抛光即得。
优选的,所述的步骤2)中底釉的施釉量103 g/m2~111g/m2。优选的,所述的步骤3)中面釉的施釉量127 g/m2~130g/m2。该优选施釉量是在坯体使用本发明的优选配方时的可用量。
所述的步骤5)前还包括印金步骤:将金粉和印油按质量比 1:1 配置后,印刷于喷墨后面釉上。
与现有技术相比,本发明的一种大理石抛光瓷砖及其制备方法所具有的有益效果是:本发明中印刷釉层是通过网格印刷将釉料直接印在喷涂有陶瓷用墨的面釉层上,与陶瓷用墨的结合呈色稳定,元素组成形成的晶型结构,使得本瓷砖的印刷釉层整层能够在烧制后呈现为天然大理石的纹理,这样无论瓷砖如何磨损,只要未彻底磨穿印刷釉层,都会具有大理石纹理的视觉效果。不再像传统的大理石花纹瓷砖一样,只把表层的印花磨穿即漏出面釉的颜色。提供的优选坯体方案,含有炉渣和粉煤灰的坯体原料组成,该组成通过组份调整调节坯体本身气密性的同时,还添加炉渣和粉煤,消耗工业废弃物,达到节能环保的效果。结合剂的添加在坯体烧制过程中激发炉渣的残余能量,使其与其它原料结合在坯体的表面形成致密隔离膜,既增加了坯体的强度,又可以在施加更少的底釉和面釉的情况下,保证印刷釉层的正常成像。本发明制得的印金大理石,采用平衡柔抛,彩芯技术,印金及5D炫彩喷墨等技术,既保留了天然大理石的裂纹效果,还达到大理石的天然色彩。使本大理石砖既有靓丽柔和的光泽,又能发挥魔力彩绘的美感,还原大理石的天然色彩,永不褪色,日久弥新。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步说明,其中实施例1为最佳实施例。
实施例1
1)按原料重量份组成焦宝石12份、透辉石43份、瓷石10份、莱阳土22份、炉渣12份和粉煤灰2份、结合剂0.6份配料,结合剂的质量百分比组成为:长石62%、硼玻璃38%;并以传统坯体烧成制度烧制坯体;
2)在坯体上施淋不透水底釉釉浆,施釉量103g/m2;
3)在底釉上施淋面釉釉浆,施釉量127g/m2;
4)将陶瓷用墨利用数码喷墨技术喷至面釉上;
5)按原料重量份组成大理石粉33份、釉料46份、高岭土12份、微晶纤维素10份、印油15份调制印刷釉釉浆;采用网板印刷技术进行二次跳印印制印刷釉,印刷釉施釉量60g/m2;
6)采用传统陶质墙砖的烧成制度进行烧制,烧制后对印刷釉进行抛光即得;
本例制得一批大理石抛光瓷砖中,坯体上由内到外依次为底釉层、面釉层、涂墨层、印刷釉层,坯体的白度为72%,底釉的白度85%,印刷釉层具有大理石纹理,检测所得印刷釉层的元素百分比组成为:硅59%、铝7%、钙14%、镁1.2%、钾5%、锌8%、硼4%、钠0.3%、钡1.5%。
实施例2
1)按原料重量份组成焦宝石14份、透辉石42份、瓷石9份、莱阳土24份、炉渣12份和粉煤灰2份、结合剂0.5份配料,结合剂的质量百分比组成为:长石68%、硼玻璃32%;并以传统坯体烧成制度烧制坯体;
2)在坯体上施淋不透水底釉釉浆,施釉量108g/m2;
3)在底釉上施淋面釉釉浆,施釉量128g/m2;
4)将陶瓷用墨利用数码喷墨技术喷至面釉上;
5)将金粉和印油按质量比 1:1 配置后,印刷于喷墨后面釉上;
6)按原料重量份组成大理石粉32份、釉料46份、高岭土11份、微晶纤维素9份、印油16份调制印刷釉釉浆;采用网板印刷技术进行二次跳印印制印刷釉,印刷釉施釉量58g/m2;
7)采用传统陶质墙砖的烧成制度进行烧制,烧制后对印刷釉进行抛光即得;
本例制得一批大理石抛光瓷砖中,坯体上由内到外依次为底釉层、面釉层、涂墨层、印刷釉层,坯体的白度为72%,底釉的白度85%,印刷釉层具有大理石纹理,检测所得印刷釉层的元素百分比组成为:硅59%、铝8%、钙13%、镁1.5%、钾5%、锌8%、硼4%、钠0.3%、钡1.2%。
实施例3
1)按原料重量份组成焦宝石11份、透辉石45份、瓷石12份、莱阳土20份、炉渣12份和粉煤灰2份、结合剂1份配料,结合剂的质量百分比组成为:长石56%、硼玻璃44%;并以传统坯体烧成制度烧制坯体;
2)在坯体上施淋不透水底釉釉浆,施釉量111g/m2;
3)在底釉上施淋面釉釉浆,施釉量130g/m2;
4)将陶瓷用墨利用数码喷墨技术喷至面釉上;
5)按原料重量份组成大理石粉30份、釉料48份、高岭土12份、微晶纤维素11份、印油15份调制印刷釉釉浆;采用网板印刷技术进行二次跳印印制印刷釉,印刷釉施釉量57g/m2;
6)采用传统陶质墙砖的烧成制度进行烧制,烧制后对印刷釉进行抛光即得;
本例制得一批大理石抛光瓷砖中,坯体上由内到外依次为底釉层、面釉层、涂墨层、印刷釉层,底釉的白度80%~85%,印刷釉层具有大理石纹理,检测所得印刷釉层的元素百分比组成为:硅63%、铝7.9%、钙12%、镁1%、钾4%、锌7%、硼3%、钠0.1%、钡2%。
实施例4
1) 按传统墙砖陶质坯体配方配料,并烧制坯体;
2)在坯体上施淋普通底釉釉浆,施釉量127g/m2;
3)在底釉上施淋面釉釉浆,施釉量149g/m2;
4)将陶瓷用墨利用数码喷墨技术喷至面釉上;
5)按原料重量份组成大理石粉32份、釉料47份、高岭土13份、微晶纤维素8份、印油13份调制印刷釉釉浆;采用网板印刷技术进行二次跳印印制印刷釉,印刷釉施釉量61g/m2;
6)采用传统陶质墙砖的烧成制度进行烧制,烧制后对印刷釉进行抛光即得;
本例制得一批大理石抛光瓷砖中,坯体上由内到外依次为底釉层、面釉层、涂墨层、印刷釉层,印刷釉层具有大理石纹理,检测所得印刷釉层的元素百分比组成为:硅64.5%、铝4%、钙15%、镁0.5%、钾3%、锌5%、硼5%、钡3%。
实施例5
1)按传统粉煤灰坯体配方配料,并烧制坯体;
2)在坯体上施淋普通底釉釉浆,施釉量135g/m2;
3)在底釉上施淋面釉釉浆,施釉量154g/m2;
4)将陶瓷用墨利用数码喷墨技术喷至面釉上;
5)按原料重量份组成大理石粉30份、釉料49份、高岭土13份、微晶纤维素12份、印油16份调制印刷釉釉浆;采用网板印刷技术进行二次跳印印制印刷釉,印刷釉施釉量62g/m2;
6)采用传统陶质墙砖的烧成制度进行烧制,烧制后对印刷釉进行抛光即得;
本例制得一批大理石抛光瓷砖中,坯体上由内到外依次为底釉层、面釉层、涂墨层、印刷釉层,印刷釉层具有大理石纹理,检测所得印刷釉层的元素百分比组成为:硅55%、铝10%、钙14.5%、镁2%、钾3%、锌10%、硼5%、钠0.5%。
实施例6
1) 按传统炉渣坯体配方配料,并烧制坯体;
2)在坯体上施淋普通底釉釉浆,施釉量125g/m2;
3)在底釉上施淋面釉釉浆,施釉量145g/m2;
4)将陶瓷用墨利用数码喷墨技术喷至面釉上;
5)按原料重量份组成大理石粉33份、釉料46份、高岭土10份、微晶纤维素8份、印油13份调制印刷釉釉浆;采用网板印刷技术进行二次跳印印制印刷釉,印刷釉施釉量55g/m2;
6)采用传统陶质墙砖的烧成制度进行烧制,烧制后对印刷釉进行抛光即得;
本例制得一批大理石抛光瓷砖中,坯体上由内到外依次为底釉层、面釉层、涂墨层、印刷釉层,印刷釉层具有大理石纹理,检测所得印刷釉层的元素百分比组成为:硅65%、铝8%、钙10%、镁1%、钾5%、锌8%、硼2%、钠0.2%、钡0.8%。
对比例1
1) 按传统墙砖陶质坯体配方配料,并烧制坯体;
2)在坯体上施淋不透水底釉釉浆,施釉量103g/m2;
3)在底釉上施淋面釉釉浆,施釉量127g/m2;
4)将陶瓷用墨利用数码喷墨技术喷至面釉上;
5)将金粉和印油按质量比 1:1 配置后,印刷于喷墨后面釉上;
6)按原料重量份组成大理石粉33份、釉料46份、高岭土12份、微晶纤维素10份、印油15份调制印刷釉釉浆;采用网板印刷技术进行二次跳印印制印刷釉,印刷釉施釉量60g/m2;
7)采用传统陶质墙砖的烧成制度进行烧制,烧制后对印刷釉进行抛光即得;
本例制得一批大理石抛光瓷砖中,坯体上由内到外依次为底釉层、面釉层、涂墨层、印刷釉层,底釉的白度64%,印刷釉层没有正常呈现大理石纹理。
对比例2
1)按原料重量份组成焦宝石12份、透辉石43份、瓷石10份、莱阳土22份、炉渣12份和粉煤灰2份配料,并以传统坯体烧成制度烧制坯体;
2)在坯体上施淋不透水底釉釉浆,施釉量103g/m2;
3)在底釉上施淋面釉釉浆,施釉量127g/m2;
4)将陶瓷用墨利用数码喷墨技术喷至面釉上;
5)按原料重量份组成大理石粉33份、釉料46份、高岭土12份、微晶纤维素10份、印油15份调制印刷釉釉浆;采用网板印刷技术进行二次跳印印制印刷釉,印刷釉施釉量60g/m2;
6)采用传统陶质墙砖的烧成制度进行烧制,烧制后对印刷釉进行抛光即得;
本例制得一批大理石抛光瓷砖中,坯体上由内到外依次为底釉层、面釉层、涂墨层、印刷釉层,坯体的白度为67%,底釉的白度80%,印刷釉层具有大理石纹理,但是大理石纹理不够清晰。
对比例3
1)按原料重量份组成焦宝石12份、透辉石43份、瓷石10份、莱阳土22份、炉渣12份和粉煤灰2份、结合剂0.6份配料,并以传统坯体烧成制度烧制坯体;
2)在坯体上施淋不透水底釉釉浆,施釉量103g/m2;
3)在底釉上施淋面釉釉浆,施釉量127g/m2;
4)将陶瓷用墨利用数码喷墨技术喷至面釉上;
5)按原料重量份组成釉料46份、甲基纤维素10份、印油15份调制印刷釉釉浆;采用网板印刷技术进行二次跳印印制印刷釉,印刷釉施釉量60g/m2;
6)采用传统陶质墙砖的烧成制度进行烧制,烧制后对印刷釉进行抛光即得;
本例制得一批大理石抛光瓷砖中,坯体上由内到外依次为底釉层、面釉层、涂墨层、印刷釉层,坯体的白度为72%,底釉的白度85%, 印刷釉没有呈现出大理石纹理。
实施例1的大理石纹理最为逼真。实施例与对比例1相交可以看出采用传统坯体,只有在增加底釉和面釉施釉量时才能正常呈现大理石纹理。与对比文件2相交可以看出在坯体没有添加关键的结合剂时会影像坯体的应有性能。与对比文件3相较可以看出传统釉料成分在印刷后不会出现大理石纹理。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非是对本发明作其它形式的限制,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员可能利用上述揭示的技术内容加以变更或改型为等同变化的等效实施例。但是凡是未脱离本发明技术方案内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与改型,仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种大理石抛光瓷砖,包括坯体和底釉层,其特征在于:所述的底釉层上自下而上依次为面釉层、涂墨层和印刷釉层,印刷釉层具有大理石纹理;所述的印刷釉层的元素百分比组成为:硅55%~65%、铝4%~10%、钙10%~15%、镁0.5%~2%、钾3%~6%、锌5%~10%、硼2%~5%、钠0%~0.5%、钡0%~3%;
所述的坯体的原料重量份组成包括焦宝石10~15份、透辉石40~46份、瓷石8~13份、莱阳土20~25份、炉渣10~12份和粉煤灰2~3份、结合剂0.5~1份,其中结合剂的质量百分比组成为:长石56%~68%、硼玻璃32%~44%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种大理石抛光瓷砖,其特征在于:所述的印刷釉层的元素百分比组成为:硅59%~63%、铝7%~8%、钙12%~14%、镁1%~1.5%、钾4%~5%、锌7%~8%、硼3%~4%、钠0.1%~0.3%、钡1.2%~2%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种大理石抛光瓷砖,其特征在于:所述的印刷釉层的原料重量份组成为大理石粉30~33份、釉料46~49份、高岭土10~13份、微晶纤维素8~12份、印油13~16份。
4.根据权利要求1或3所述的一种大理石抛光瓷砖,其特征在于:所述的印刷釉层的原料重量份组成为大理石粉33份、釉料46份、高岭土12份、微晶纤维素10份、印油15份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种大理石抛光瓷砖,其特征在于:所述的坯体的原料重量份组成包括焦宝石12份、透辉石43份、瓷石10份、莱阳土22份、炉渣12份和粉煤灰2份、结合剂0.6份配料,结合剂的质量百分比组成为:长石62%、硼玻璃38%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种大理石抛光瓷砖,其特征在于:所述坯体的白度为70%~72%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种大理石抛光瓷砖,其特征在于:所述的底釉层的材质为不透水底釉,底釉的白度80%~85%。
8.一种权利要求1~7中任一项所述的大理石抛光瓷砖的制备方法,采用二次烧成技术,其特征在于,制备步骤为:
1)烧制坯体;
2)在坯体上施淋底釉釉浆,施釉量103 g/m2~135g/m2;
3)在底釉上施淋面釉釉浆,施釉量127g/m2~154g/m2;
4)将陶瓷用墨利用数码喷墨技术喷至面釉上;
5)采用网板印刷技术进行二次跳印印制印刷釉,印刷釉施釉量55 g/m2~62g/m2;
6)烧制后对印刷釉进行抛光即得。
9.根据权利要求8所述的一种大理石抛光瓷砖的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的步骤5)前还包括印金步骤:将金粉和印油按质量比 1:1 配置后,印刷于喷墨后面釉上。
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CN106478154A (zh) * | 2016-10-14 | 2017-03-08 | 白刚 | 一种仿真石材砂岩的陶瓷砖及其制备工艺 |
CN107986623A (zh) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-05-04 | 夹江县盛世东方陶瓷有限公司 | 一种通体大理石瓷砖的釉料 |
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CN113402266A (zh) * | 2021-06-04 | 2021-09-17 | 朔州恒锐达建陶有限公司 | 一种负氧离子生态瓷砖的制造方法 |
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