CN105830582A - 一种白及种子的快速回土培育方法 - Google Patents
一种白及种子的快速回土培育方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105830582A CN105830582A CN201610236911.3A CN201610236911A CN105830582A CN 105830582 A CN105830582 A CN 105830582A CN 201610236911 A CN201610236911 A CN 201610236911A CN 105830582 A CN105830582 A CN 105830582A
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- bletilla
- seed
- bamboo
- writing paper
- plumule
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- 230000000249 desinfective Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 241001313855 Bletilla Species 0.000 claims description 71
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 48
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 48
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 claims description 48
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 235000009419 Fagopyrum esculentum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 25
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- LWJROJCJINYWOX-UHFFFAOYSA-L Mercury(II) chloride Chemical compound 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- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 2
- DYHJTAONEPZTCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dihydrophenanthrene Chemical class 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C1=CC=CC2=C(C=CCC3)C3=CC=C21 DYHJTAONEPZTCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 2-isobutyl group malic acid glucosyloxy benzyl ester class Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QWUWMCYKGHVNAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bibenzyl Chemical group 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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
Abstract
本发明公开了一种白及种子快速回土培育方法，包括如下步骤：种子的选择及消毒→培养基质的选取和处理→种子的萌发→幼苗的回土栽培，本发明能大大缩短白及苗的无菌培养时间，使白及种子在萌发40天内就可回土栽培，从而可大大降低白及种苗的生产成本。另外，本发明通过采用具有特殊功效的液体培养基，可使回土栽培的白及组培苗的生根率和存活率大大提高。
Description
技术领域
[0001]本发明涉及一种白及种子的快速回土培育方法。
背景技术
[0002]白及是一种兰科多年生草本植物，现已经列入国家的珍稀濒危保护植物，并且还收载于国际贸易公约(GITES)附录二中，受到国际保护。
[0003]白及不仅是一种观赏植物，同时也是一种重要的药用植物。研究发现，白及含有多种化学成分，主要有联苄类、菲类、二氢菲类、黄酮类、2-异丁基苹果酸葡萄糖氧基苄酯类、多酚类等。具有收敛止血、消肿生肌、保护胃黏膜、抗菌、抗癌的作用。
[0004]目前野生白及已遭到过度采挖，数量急剧减少。又由于白及种子非常细小且无胚乳，在自然条件下很难自主萌发生长，因此急需开展人工繁育和栽培。目前已有人就白及种子的萌发及种苗的培育进行了研究，如专利申请号为201510173823.9的“一种白芨的种子组织快繁育苗方法”、专利申请号为201310282939.7的“白芨的种子组培繁殖方法”等，但这些方法都是采用在无菌条件下培育白及组培苗，生产成本较高。
发明内容
[0005]本发明的目的在于提供一种能大大缩短白及苗无菌培养时间的白及种子的快速回土培育方法。
[0006]本发明提供的白及种子的快速回土培育方法包括下列步骤:
[0007] (I)种子的选择及消毒:选取已成熟且果皮已开裂的白及种子，将其进行消毒处理；
[0008] (2)培养基质的选取和处理:选取毛边纸作为培养基质，将该毛边纸灭菌后粗糙面向上放入培养盘中，并用含有甜荞胚芽添加物的无菌水浸湿；
[0009] (3)种子的萌发:将白及种子置于浸湿的毛边纸上，在相对湿度85〜100%、温度20〜28°C、每天光照12〜24小时和光照强度为1500〜30001x的条件下使其萌发；
[0010] (4)幼苗的回土栽培:将长出真叶的白及无根苗与毛边纸同时放入液体培养基I /4MS+6-BA0.5〜I.5mg/L+IBAl.0〜3.0mg/L+甜荞胚芽添加物20〜40g/L中，使白及无根苗从毛边纸上自然脱落，然后取出毛边纸将含有白及无根苗的液体培养基均匀地撒在已消毒且由草炭、蛭石、珍珠岩按(3〜5): (O〜I):(0.5〜2)的重量比配制的土壤的表面，无根苗在温度22〜26°C、遮光50〜70%、土壤湿度为70〜85%的条件下生长；
[0011]所述甜荞胚芽添加物是将宁荞I号荞麦种子经48小时的萌发生长后，去掉其胚芽上的种皮，将胚芽用粉碎机粉碎后制成的。
[0012]进一步地，步骤(I)中所述消毒处理是指将白及种子按白及种子:升汞溶液=1:10的体积比放入0.1%的升汞溶液中消毒7〜15分钟，再用无菌水清洗8〜15分钟。
[0013]进一步地，步骤(2)中毛边纸的灭菌是指将毛边纸在121°C灭菌30〜50分钟。
[0014]进一步地，步骤(2)中甜荞胚芽添加物按IL无菌水添加10〜30g甜荞胚芽添加物加入。
[0015]进一步地，步骤(4)中土壤采用浓度为0.05%〜I %的地菌灵进行消毒处理。
[0016]本发明能大大缩短白及苗的无菌培养时间，使白及种子在萌发40天内就可回土栽培，从而可大大降低白及种苗的生产成本。另外，本发明通过采用具有特殊功效的液体培养基，可使回土栽培的白及组培苗的生根率和存活率大大提高。
具体实施方式
[0017] 实施例1
[0018] (I)种子的选择及消毒:选取已完全成熟且果皮刚开裂的白及种子，将白及种子及
0.1%的升汞溶液按体积比1:10放入离心管中消毒11分钟，再用无菌水清洗12分钟；
[0019] (2)培养基质的选取和处理:选取由老竹子和嫩竹子浆液按1:1比例制作的毛边纸作为培养基质，将该毛边纸在121°C灭菌40分钟后放入培养盘中，共放3层，放入时毛边纸的粗糙面向上；
[0020] (3)种子的萌发:将经消毒处理后的白及种子播种在毛边纸上，并保持用含有20g/L甜荞胚芽添加物的无菌水(即每IL无菌水中添加有20g甜荞胚芽添加物)浸湿毛边纸，在温度25°C、空气湿度90%、每天光照18小时和光照强度为20001x的条件下使白及种子萌发，培养35天，有98 %的白及种子萌发并长出了绿色真叶；
[0021] (4)幼苗的回土栽培:将长出真叶的白及无根苗与毛边纸同时放入液体培养基I/4MS+6-BA1.0mg/L+IBA2.0mg/L+甜荞胚芽添加物30g/L中，使白及无根苗从毛边纸上自然脱落，然后取出毛边纸，将含有白及无根苗的液体培养基均匀撒在已用0.5%的地菌灵消毒且由草炭、蛭石、珍珠岩按4:0.5:1的重量比配制的土壤的表面，在温度240C，遮光60%、土壤湿度为80%的条件下培养45天，有95%的幼苗长出了新根；
[0022]上述甜荞胚芽添加物是将宁荞I号甜荞种子经48小时萌发生长后，去掉其胚芽上的种皮，将胚芽用粉碎机粉碎制成的。
[0023] 实施例2
[0024] (I)种子的选择及消毒:选取已完全成熟且果皮刚开裂的白及种子，将白及种子及
0.1%的升汞溶液按体积比1:10放入离心管中消毒7分钟，再用无菌水清洗8分钟；
[0025] (2)培养基质的选取和处理:选取由老竹子和嫩竹子浆液按1:1比例制作的毛边纸作为培养基质，将该毛边纸在121°C灭菌30分钟后放入培养盘中，共放2层，放入时毛边纸的粗糙面向上；
[0026] (3)种子的萌发:将经消毒处理后的白及种子播种在毛边纸上，并保持用含有1g/L甜荞胚芽添加物的无菌水(即每IL无菌水中添加有1g甜荞胚芽添加物)浸湿毛边纸，在温度20 °C、空气湿度85%、每天光照12小时和光照强度为15001x的条件下使白及种子萌发，培养35天，有90 %的白及种子萌发并长出了绿色真叶；
[0027] (4)幼苗的回土栽培:将长出真叶的白及无根苗与毛边纸同时放入液体培养基I/4MS+6-BA0.5mg/L+IBAl.0mg/L+甜荞胚芽添加物20g/L中，使白及无根苗从毛边纸上自然脱落，然后取出毛边纸，将含有白及无根苗的液体培养基均匀撒在已用0.05%的地菌灵消毒且由草炭、珍珠岩按3:0.5的重量比配制的土壤的表面，在温度22°C，遮光50%、土壤湿度为70 %的条件下培养45天，有92 %的幼苗长出了新根；
[0028]上述甜荞胚芽添加物是将宁荞I号甜荞种子经48小时萌发生长后，去掉其胚芽上的种皮，将胚芽用粉碎机粉碎制成的。
[0029] 实施例3
[0030] (I)种子的选择及消毒:选取已完全成熟且果皮刚开裂的白及种子，将白及种子及
0.1%的升汞溶液按体积比1:10放入离心管中消毒13分钟，再用无菌水清洗13分钟；
[0031] (2)培养基质的选取和处理:选取由老竹子和嫩竹子浆液按1:1比例制作的毛边纸作为培养基质，将该毛边纸在121°C灭菌50分钟后放入培养盘中，共放4层，放入时毛边纸的粗糙面向上；
[0032] (3)种子的萌发:将经消毒处理后的白及种子播种在毛边纸上，并保持用含有30g/L甜荞胚芽添加物的无菌水(即每IL无菌水中添加有30g甜荞胚芽添加物)浸湿毛边纸，在温度28°C、空气湿度100%、每天光照24小时和光照强度为30001x的条件下使白及种子萌发，培养35天，有96.2 %的白及种子萌发并长出了绿色真叶；
[0033] (4)幼苗的回土栽培:将长出真叶的白及无根苗与毛边纸同时放入液体培养基I/4MS+6-BA1.5mg/L+IBA3.0mg/L+甜荞胚芽添加物40g/L中，使白及无根苗从毛边纸上自然脱落，然后取出毛边纸，将含有白及无根苗的液体培养基均匀地撒在已用0.05%的地菌灵消毒且由草炭、珍珠岩按5: I: 2的重量比配制的土壤的表面，在温度26°C，遮光70 %、土壤湿度为85%的条件下培养45天，有93.6%的幼苗长出了新根；
[0034]上述甜荞胚芽添加物是将宁荞I号甜荞种子经48小时萌发生长后，去掉其胚芽上的种皮，将胚芽用粉碎机粉碎制成的。
[0035] 实施例4
[0036]在实施例1步骤(3)中，改用含有10g/L甜荞胚芽添加物的无菌水浸湿毛边纸，其它步骤同实施例1，在培养35天，有89 %的白及种子萌发并长出了绿色真叶。
[0037] 实施例5
[0038] 在实施例1步骤(3)中，改为在空气湿度95 %、温度20 °C、每天光照12小时和光照强度为28001x的条件下使白及种子萌发，其它步骤同实施例1，有82%的白及种子萌发并长出了绿色真叶。
[0039] 实施例6
[0040] 在实施例1步骤(4)中，将液体培养基改为l/4MS+6-BA0.5mg/L+IBA3.0mg/L+甜荞胚芽添加物40g/L，其它步骤同实施例1，培养45天，有90%的幼苗长出了新根。
[0041 ]比较实施例1
[0042]在实施例1步骤(I)中，改选为外观成熟但未开裂的白及果实，其它步骤同实施例1，白及种子在萌发培养35天后，仅有49 %的白及种子长出了绿色真叶。
[0043]比较实施例2
[0044]在实施例1步骤(I)中，将白及种子按1:5的体积比加入到升汞溶液中消毒15分钟，其它步骤同实施例1，白及种子萌发培养35天后，仅有43 %的白及种子长出了绿色真叶。
[0045]比较实施例3
[0046]在实施例1步骤(2)中，将培养基质改选为滤纸、信签纸或餐巾纸，其它步骤同实施例I;培养35天后，无任何白及种子萌发长出绿色真叶。
[0047]比较实施例4
[0048]在实施例1步骤(2)中，改为将毛边纸的粗糙面向下放在培养盘中，其它步骤同实施例I，培养35天后，仅有49%的白及种子长出了绿色真叶。
[0049]比较实施例5
[0050]在实施例1步骤(3)中，改为不含有甜荞胚芽添加物的无菌水浸湿毛边纸，其它步骤同实施例1，培养35天后，仅有38%的白及种子长出了黄绿色真叶，并且长出的无根苗与实施例1相比，明显矮小。
[0051 ]比较实施例6
[0052] 在实施例1步骤(4)中，将液体培养基改为MS+6-BA1.0mg/L+IBA2.0mg/L，其它步骤同实施例1，培养45天，仅有29 %的幼苗长出了新根。
[0053]比较实施例7
[0054]在实施例1步骤(4)中，将配制的土壤改为营养土，其它步骤同实施例1，在培养45天后，仅有37%的幼苗长出了新根。
Claims (5)
1.一种白及种子的快速回土培育方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤: (1)种子的选择及消毒:选取已成熟且果皮已开裂的白及种子，将其进行消毒处理； (2)培养基质的选取和处理:选取毛边纸作为培养基质，将该毛边纸灭菌后粗糙面向上放入培养盘中，并用含有甜荞胚芽添加物的无菌水浸湿； (3)种子的萌发:将白及种子置于浸湿的毛边纸上，在相对湿度85〜100%、温度20〜28°C、每天光照12〜24小时和光照强度为1500〜30001x的条件下使其萌发； (4)幼苗的回土栽培:将长出真叶的白及无根苗与毛边纸同时放入液体培养基I/4MS+6-BA0.5〜1.5mg/L+IBAl.0〜3.0mg/L+甜荞胚芽添加物20〜40g/L中，使白及无根苗从毛边纸上自然脱落，然后取出毛边纸将含有白及无根苗的液体培养基均匀地撒在已消毒且由草炭、蛭石、珍珠岩按(3〜5): (O〜I):(0.5〜2)的重量比配制的土壤的表面，无根苗在温度22〜26°C、遮光50〜70%、土壤湿度为70〜85%的条件下生长； 所述甜荞胚芽添加物是将宁荞I号荞麦种子经48小时的萌发生长后，去掉其胚芽上的种皮，将胚芽用粉碎机粉碎后制成的。
2.根据权利要求1所述的白及种子的快速回土培育方法，其特征在于:步骤(I)中所述消毒处理是指将白及种子按白及种子:升汞溶液= 1:10的体积比放入0.1%的升汞溶液中消毒7〜15分钟，再用无菌水清洗8〜15分钟。
3.根据权利要求1所述的白及种子的快速回土培育方法，其特征在于:步骤(2)中毛边纸的灭菌是指将毛边纸在121°C灭菌30〜50分钟。
4.根据权利要求1所述的白及种子的快速回土培育方法，其特征在于:步骤(2)中甜荞胚芽添加物按IL无菌水添加10〜30g甜荞胚芽添加物加入。
5.根据权利要求1所述的白及种子的快速回土培育方法，其特征在于:步骤(4)中土壤采用浓度为0.05 %〜I %的地菌灵进行消毒处理。
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