CN105829335A - 19-去甲孕甾-4-烯-3,20-二酮-17α-醇(孕诺酮)的制备方法及其中间体 - Google Patents
19-去甲孕甾-4-烯-3,20-二酮-17α-醇(孕诺酮)的制备方法及其中间体 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105829335A CN105829335A CN201480068436.2A CN201480068436A CN105829335A CN 105829335 A CN105829335 A CN 105829335A CN 201480068436 A CN201480068436 A CN 201480068436A CN 105829335 A CN105829335 A CN 105829335A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- GTFUITFQDGVJSK-XGXHKTLJSA-N gestonorone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@@H]2[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@@](C(=O)C)(O)[C@@]1(C)CC2 GTFUITFQDGVJSK-XGXHKTLJSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 229960001902 gestonorone Drugs 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 title abstract 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
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- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 aliphatic alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- IHLVCKWPAMTVTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;carbanide Chemical compound [Li+].[CH3-] IHLVCKWPAMTVTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen cyanide Chemical compound N#C LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical class NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- KLKFAASOGCDTDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxymethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCOCC KLKFAASOGCDTDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002466 imines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- NNFCIKHAZHQZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium cyanide Chemical compound [K+].N#[C-] NNFCIKHAZHQZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims 1
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- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims 1
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- XURCMZMFZXXQDJ-UKNJCJGYSA-N Gestonorone caproate Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@@H]2[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@@](C(C)=O)(OC(=O)CCCCC)[C@@]1(C)CC2 XURCMZMFZXXQDJ-UKNJCJGYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 10
- JWMFYGXQPXQEEM-WZBAXQLOSA-N pregnane group Chemical group [C@@H]12CC[C@H](CC)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@H]1[C@H]2CCC2CCCC[C@]12C JWMFYGXQPXQEEM-WZBAXQLOSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
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- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 6
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- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-DICFDUPASA-N dichloromethane-d2 Chemical compound [2H]C([2H])(Cl)Cl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-DICFDUPASA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 241001597008 Nomeidae Species 0.000 description 3
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 3
- 238000006027 Birch reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisopropyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)OC(C)C ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000035126 Facies Diseases 0.000 description 2
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCN(C)C KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002730 mercury Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BCWWDWHFBMPLFQ-VXNCWWDNSA-N (8r,9s,13s,14s)-3-methoxy-13-methyl-7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-octahydro-6h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one Chemical compound C1C[C@]2(C)C(=O)CC[C@H]2[C@@H]2CCC3=CC(OC)=CC=C3[C@H]21 BCWWDWHFBMPLFQ-VXNCWWDNSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- MWFMGBPGAXYFAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound CC(C)(O)C#N MWFMGBPGAXYFAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWMFYGXQPXQEEM-NUNROCCHSA-N 5β-pregnane Chemical compound C([C@H]1CC2)CCC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H](CC)[C@@]2(C)CC1 JWMFYGXQPXQEEM-NUNROCCHSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RJKFOVLPORLFTN-LEKSSAKUSA-N Progesterone Chemical class C1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H](C(=O)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 RJKFOVLPORLFTN-LEKSSAKUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001241 acetals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000005215 alkyl ethers Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007256 debromination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- AQEFLFZSWDEAIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-tert-butyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(C)(C)C AQEFLFZSWDEAIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NKDDWNXOKDWJAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxymethane Chemical compound COCOC NKDDWNXOKDWJAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DKAGJZJALZXOOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrate;hydrochloride Chemical compound O.Cl DKAGJZJALZXOOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007069 methylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- GRVDJDISBSALJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyloxidanyl Chemical group [O]C GRVDJDISBSALJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- IIVBFTNIGYRNQY-YQLZSBIMSA-N nomegestrol acetate Chemical compound C1=C(C)C2=CC(=O)CC[C@@H]2[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@@](C(C)=O)(OC(=O)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 IIVBFTNIGYRNQY-YQLZSBIMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004190 nomegestrol acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AICOOMRHRUFYCM-ZRRPKQBOSA-N oxazine, 1 Chemical compound C([C@@H]1[C@H](C(C[C@]2(C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)N(C)C)[C@H](O)C[C@]21C)=O)CC1=CC2)C[C@H]1[C@@]1(C)[C@H]2N=C(C(C)C)OC1 AICOOMRHRUFYCM-ZRRPKQBOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XCRBXWCUXJNEFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N peroxybenzoic acid Chemical compound OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XCRBXWCUXJNEFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- CHKVPAROMQMJNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bisulfate Chemical compound [K+].OS([O-])(=O)=O CHKVPAROMQMJNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000343 potassium bisulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003128 pregnanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bisulfate Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])(=O)=O WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000342 sodium bisulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MNWBNISUBARLIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium cyanide Chemical compound [Na+].N#[C-] MNWBNISUBARLIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07J—STEROIDS
- C07J1/00—Normal steroids containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen or oxygen, not substituted in position 17 beta by a carbon atom, e.g. estrane, androstane
- C07J1/0051—Estrane derivatives
- C07J1/0059—Estrane derivatives substituted in position 17 by a keto group
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07J—STEROIDS
- C07J1/00—Normal steroids containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen or oxygen, not substituted in position 17 beta by a carbon atom, e.g. estrane, androstane
- C07J1/0051—Estrane derivatives
- C07J1/0081—Substituted in position 17 alfa and 17 beta
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07J—STEROIDS
- C07J41/00—Normal steroids containing one or more nitrogen atoms not belonging to a hetero ring
- C07J41/0033—Normal steroids containing one or more nitrogen atoms not belonging to a hetero ring not covered by C07J41/0005
- C07J41/0094—Normal steroids containing one or more nitrogen atoms not belonging to a hetero ring not covered by C07J41/0005 containing nitrile radicals, including thiocyanide radicals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07J—STEROIDS
- C07J51/00—Normal steroids with unmodified cyclopenta(a)hydrophenanthrene skeleton not provided for in groups C07J1/00 - C07J43/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07J—STEROIDS
- C07J7/00—Normal steroids containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen or oxygen substituted in position 17 beta by a chain of two carbon atoms
- C07J7/0005—Normal steroids containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen or oxygen substituted in position 17 beta by a chain of two carbon atoms not substituted in position 21
- C07J7/001—Normal steroids containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen or oxygen substituted in position 17 beta by a chain of two carbon atoms not substituted in position 21 substituted in position 20 by a keto group
- C07J7/004—Normal steroids containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen or oxygen substituted in position 17 beta by a chain of two carbon atoms not substituted in position 21 substituted in position 20 by a keto group substituted in position 17 alfa
- C07J7/005—Normal steroids containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen or oxygen substituted in position 17 beta by a chain of two carbon atoms not substituted in position 21 substituted in position 20 by a keto group substituted in position 17 alfa substituted in position 16
- C07J7/006—Normal steroids containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen or oxygen substituted in position 17 beta by a chain of two carbon atoms not substituted in position 21 substituted in position 20 by a keto group substituted in position 17 alfa substituted in position 16 by a hydroxy group free esterified or etherified
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07J—STEROIDS
- C07J75/00—Processes for the preparation of steroids in general
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Steroid Compounds (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及式(I)的(17α)17乙酰基17羟基雌甾4烯3酮的新的立体选择性的合成方法、以及该方法中的新的中间体。(17α)17乙酰基17羟基雌甾4烯3酮(孕诺酮)是在具有孕激素活性的活性成分(例如己酸孕诺酮和醋酸诺美孕酮)的合成中的重要的中间体。本发明还涉及式(I)、(II)和(III)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及式(I)的17(α)-17-乙酰基-17-羟基-雌甾-4-烯-3-酮的新的立体选择性的合成方法,其使用式(IV)的化合物作为起始原料,本发明还涉及该方法中的新的中间体。
背景技术
17(α)-17-乙酰基-17-羟基-雌甾-4-烯-3-酮(以下称为:孕诺酮)是具有孕激素活性的活性成分(例如,己酸孕诺酮和醋酸诺美孕酮)的合成中的重要的中间体。在文献中有各种用于其合成的已知方法。首次记载于1953年(MXX 762308,US2781365,GB 762308)。在该合成方法中,孕诺酮从17-乙酰基-3-羟基-雌甾-1,3,5(10),16-四烯起始,经由20-位被乙二醇缩酮保护的17β-乙酰基-17α-羟基-3-甲氧基-雌甾-1,3,5(10)-三烯的衍生物来合成。
在美国专利US 3381003中,孕诺酮从雌酮-3-烷基醚开始合成(图1)。17-位上的孕甾烷侧链在复杂而费时的7步法中合成。20-位的氧代基被保护为乙二醇缩酮,然后在A环上进行必要的转化。
雌酮-3-烷基醚在17-位上被乙炔化,所得化合物的17-位上的羟基被酰化,且乙炔基在有机溶剂中在叔丁醇和水的存在下用N-溴-乙酰胺进行溴化。在接下来的脱溴反应中,在锌和乙酸的存在下形成17α-乙酰基-3-烷氧基-17β-羟基-雌甾(gona)-1,3,5(10)-三烯-17β-基-乙酸酯,然后将其在液氨中用钙金属还原。所得化合物的异孕甾烷(isopregnane)侧链在乙酸中、在锌的存在下、在回流温度下异构化24小时。17-位的羟基通过如下方式引入:20-位的氧代基在催化量的对甲苯磺酸的存在下用乙酸酐转化成烯醇乙酸酯,且所形成的Δ17(20)-双键被过氧苯甲酸氧化。最终,20-位的氧代基在催化量的对甲苯磺酸的存在下用乙二醇转化为乙二醇缩酮,接下来的两个反应步骤如位点1中描述的那样进行,在20-位被乙二醇缩酮保护的17β-乙酰基-17α-羟基-3-甲氧基-雌甾-1,3,5(10)-三烯的衍生物在液氨中被金属锂还原,所得化合物通过酸解被转化为孕诺酮。
根据美国专利US3423435,17-氰基-17-羟基-3-甲氧基-雌甾-2,5(10)-二烯(异构体/非对映异构体的混合物)由3-甲氧基-雌甾-2,5(10)-二烯-17-酮与丙酮氰醇起始来合成,并在吡啶中用乙酸酐进行酰化(图2)。氰醇的合成也描述为从19-去甲-雄甾烯-二酮开始。
在如下的两个方法中,17α-羟基-孕甾烷侧链由雌甾-4-烯-3-酮或雌甾-4-烯-3-酮衍生物开始合成。
在美国专利US3764615中,公开了17α-羟基-孕甾烷衍生物的合成(图3)。孕甾烷侧链以下述方式经由17α-乙炔基-17β-羟基甾体类的亚硫酸盐酯衍生物来合成:乙炔基在汞盐的存在下经由水合作用被转化为孕甾烷侧链。该方法的缺点是使用了环境污染物汞盐。
在发表于“中南工业大学学报(英文版)(2004),11(3)300-303”的中文期刊中,雌甾-4-烯-3-酮-17-氰醇从雌甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮与氰化钾在甲醇水溶液中合成,然后,将所得产物的氧代基使用乙二醇和三氟化硼作为催化剂而被保护为缩酮。叔羟基用丁基乙烯基醚保护,孕甾烷侧链是在作为溶剂的乙醚中用甲基锂形成的。所述保护基用盐酸水解除去。该6步法的总收率为63%(图4)。
发明内容
在本发明人的实验中,令人惊讶的发现,孕甾烷侧链可以以与上述方法相比极少的步骤和在更温和的反应条件下合成。具有适当立体排列的氰醇前体化合物是形成孕甾烷侧链所必需的。式(III)的β-氰醇从起始原料以高的差向异构纯度获得,然后17-位的羟基被保护为甲硅烷基醚。虽然起始原料包含对酸不稳定的烯醇醚部分,但在17-位的甲硅烷基醚类保护基可在本发明方法中所使用的中性反应条件下合成。
本发明方法也可以应用于当化合物含有对酸不稳定的部分(例如,烯醇醚)而烷氧基醚类保护基不适用于该目的的情况。
本发明的基础是发现,被甲硅烷基醚保护的氰醇可以在适当的反应条件下与甲基锂反应,从而可以简单地合成孕甾烷侧链。
作为起始原料的式(IV)的3-甲氧基-雌甾-2,5(10)-二烯-17-酮例如可以根据美国专利US3423435中描述的方法合成(从雌酮-3-甲基醚,采用Birch还原),或采用Birch还原和氧化,从其他芳族中间体合成,该式(IV)可以容易地转化为3-氧代-4-烯衍生物,另一方面,它具有适当的保护基,因此,可以以更少的反应步骤合成式(I)的(17α)-17-乙酰基-17-羟基-雌甾-4-烯-3-酮。由于反应条件温和,因而,与从3-氧代-4-烯中间体起始来合成的方法相比,无需使用选择性的保护基例如缩酮或烯醇醚类保护基。
本发明方法的其他优点在于,在适当选择的反应条件下,式(III)的17α-羟基-17β-甲腈(β-氰醇)由化合物(IV)以良好的收率和高的差向异构纯度获得。这是因为,在反应的第一阶段,通过选择恰当的特定的反应条件,起始原料的量减少到小于1%,随后,在反应的第二阶段,通过选择恰当的反应条件,β-氰醇的结晶从所形成的氰醇的异构体混合物被诱发,这种方式使异构化反应的平衡朝向β-氰醇转移。
优选在17-位被甲硅烷基醚保护的式(II)的氰醇与甲基锂不能进行甲基化,实际上,在苛刻的反应条件下也只会形成副产物。如果将合适的复合物形成剂(例如,四烷基乙二胺,优选N,N,N',N'-四甲基乙二胺)用于将含有甲基锂低聚物的反应剂转化为单体,则在17-位被甲硅烷基醚保护的氰醇的甲基化反应能够以良好的收率和良好的品质进行。
本发明还涉及本发明方法中的式(II)和式(III)的中间体。
根据上述事实,我们的合成策略是在考虑和如何最佳地实现对于规划甾体类的现代化产业合成指南的要求的情况下进行说明。
由于适当地选择起始原料,本发明的方法更简便和步骤更短,所获得的最终产品实现了高品质的要求。
本发明的方法如下详述(图5)。
从化合物(IV)到化合物(III)的合成按如下方式进行:
使用短链脂族醇类,优选甲醇或乙醇作为溶剂。
使用碱金属氰化物类,优选氰化钾或氰化钠作为试剂,摩尔比选择为1.5-10,优选2-4mol,且使用温和的有机酸,优选乙酸作为用于释放氰化氢的额外反应剂,摩尔比选择为1.3-8,优选1.5-3mol。
反应温度保持在+20~+63℃之间,优选保持在实施例1中记载的温度范围内。
从化合物(III)到化合物(II)的合成按如下方式进行:
使用醚类,例如,乙醚、四氢呋喃、甲基叔丁基醚、二异丙基醚,优选甲基叔丁基醚或四氢呋喃作为溶剂。
在咪唑的存在下使用三甲基氯硅烷作为试剂,摩尔过量的反应物为2-10mol,优选2.5-4mol。
反应温度保持在0~+40℃,优选0~+10℃。
从化合物(II)到化合物(Ⅰ)的合成按如下方式进行:
使用醚类或甲醛二烷基缩醛类(formaldehyde dialkylacetals),例如,乙醚、四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、甲基叔丁基醚、二异丙基醚、二乙氧基甲烷、二甲氧基甲烷,优选甲基叔丁基醚、四氢呋喃或二乙氧基甲烷作为溶剂。
过量的甲基锂试剂可以为1.5-10mol当量,优选2.5-5mol当量。
甲基锂低聚物的稳定性可以被取代的1,2-二氨基乙烷、优选N,N,N',N'-四甲基乙二胺减少。
反应温度保持在-78至-10℃之间,优选-40至-20℃之间。
作为中间体得到的被保护的亚胺转化成式(I)与无机酸类或强有机酸类(例如盐酸、硫酸、硫酸氢钾、硫酸氢钠、对甲苯磺酸、高氯酸)的终产物,优选为与盐酸的终产物。
在水解醇或醚的过程中,优选使用甲醇、乙醇或甲基叔丁基醚、二乙氧基甲烷、四氢呋喃作为溶剂。
水解在0℃至所采用溶剂的沸点之间的温度下进行,优选在+5至+40℃之间进行。
通过以下非限制性的实施例说明本发明的方法。
实施例
实施例1
(17α)-17-羟基-3-甲氧基雌甾-2,5(10)-二烯-17-甲腈的合成
在惰性气氛下,将50.0g的3-甲氧基雌甾-2,5(10)-二烯-17-酮混悬在500ml乙醇和34.25g氰化钾中,并在搅拌下加入0.15g的2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚。搅拌10分钟后,用10分钟逐滴加入20.0ml乙酸。将反应混合物从30-35℃温热至58-63℃,在该温度下搅拌1小时,然后冷却至20-25℃并搅拌16小时。向反应混合物中加入50ml水,将该浆液搅拌1小时,过滤出沉淀的晶体,用5×150ml的水混悬,再用2×100ml的水洗涤。将湿的晶体在惰性气氛下用300ml离子交换水搅拌15分钟,过滤并用2×100ml的水洗涤。将湿的晶体用75ml冷的乙醇和3×50ml甲基叔丁基醚洗涤。
收量:53.0g(96.9%)
纯度(HPLC):97.49%
1H NMR(DMSO-d6,500MHz)δ:6.26(s,1H),4.64(t,J=3.3Hz,1H),3.45(s,3H),2.70-2.87(m,1H),2.49-2.63(m,2H),2.37-2.49(m,1H),2.22-2.34(m,1H),1.97-2.08(m,1H),1.76-1.96(m,3H),1.61-1.75(m,4H),1.51-1.60(m,1H),1.37-1.47(m,1H),1.24-1.36(m,2H),1.11-1.25(m,2H),0.83(s,3H)
13C NMR(DMSO-d6,125MHz)δ:151.8,127.3,124.3,121.8,90.4,76.5,53.4,48.9,46.6,44.3,38.7,37.4,33.6,29.8,27.8,26.9,24.6,22.9,16.2
实施例2
(17α)-3-甲氧基-17-[(三甲基甲硅烷基)-氧基]-雌甾-2,5(10)-二烯-17-甲腈-的合成
在惰性气氛下,向53.0g的(17α)-17-羟基-3-甲氧基雌甾-2,5(10)-二烯-17-甲腈、0.15g的2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚和900ml甲基叔丁基醚的搅拌混合物中,加入36.0g咪唑在100ml四氢呋喃中的溶液。将反应混合物冷却到0-5℃,再以保持低于5℃的温度这样的速率,逐滴加入60.0ml三甲基氯硅烷。搅拌2小时后,向反应混合物中加入50ml水,并搅拌10分钟,然后将有机相分离并用3×50ml的水洗涤。将有机相用7.5g硫酸镁干燥,过滤,再将过滤出的干物质用2×25ml甲基叔丁基醚洗涤。将滤液浓缩至一半体积,在30-35℃下蒸馏除去3×300ml的甲基叔丁基醚,将溶液稀释至600ml,用于下一步骤。
干物质含量:58.9g(90.4%)
水含量:0.09g/100ml
纯度(HPLC):96.53%
1H NMR(CD2Cl2,500MHz)δ:4.65(t,J=3.3Hz,1H),3.50-3.57(m,3H),2.80-2.95(m,1H),2.56-2.69(m,2H),2.45-2.55(m,1H),2.33-2.41(m,1H),2.09(br.s.,1H),2.01(ddd,J=14.8,9.2,5.6Hz,1H),1.95(dd,J=13.3,2.8Hz,1H),1.90(dd,J=6.4,0.7Hz,1H),1.76-1.84(m,1H),1.60-1.76(m,4H),1.49-1.55(m,1H),1.33-1.44(m,2H),1.20-1.32(m,2H),0.92(s,3H),0.25(s,9H)
13C NMR(CD2Cl2,125MHz)δ:153.1,128.1,125.4,121.6,91.0,79.4,54.2,51.0,47.6,45.3,40.0,39.5,34.6,31.0,30.8,28.8,27.9,25.8,24.0,16.7,1.3
实施例3
(17α)-17-乙酰基-17-羟基-雌甾-4-烯-3-酮的合成
将(17α)-3-甲氧基-17-[(三甲基甲硅烷基)-氧基]-雌甾-2,5(10)-二烯-17-甲腈在600ml甲基叔丁基醚的溶液在搅拌下冷却至-40℃,然后以保持低于-30℃的温度这样的速率,加入80ml的N,N,N′,N′-四甲基乙二胺和180ml甲基锂溶液(3M,在二乙氧基甲烷中),将该反应混合物在该温度下搅拌1小时,然后倒入通过强力冷却而冷却到-15~(-10)℃的1000ml的4N盐酸溶液中,将反应混合物在20-25℃下搅拌16小时,然后通过加入约800ml的3M乙酸钠而将溶液的pH调节至4~5。蒸馏除去挥发性有机成分,将残留物在20~25℃下搅拌1小时,过滤出沉淀的粗产物,将其混悬于5×500ml水中,用100ml冷的甲醇洗涤,并在真空烘箱中干燥。
收量:32.42g(67.1%)
纯度(HPLC):89.66%
在惰性气氛下,在60℃下将32.42g粗产物加入到97ml甲醇中,在得到透明溶液后,将所得混合物冷却到20-25℃。用2~3分钟将16.2ml水加入到搅拌的浆液中,然后将其冷却到至0-5℃。搅拌1小时后,过滤出晶体,混悬于11.2ml水和67.1ml甲醇的混合物中,然后在真空烘箱中干燥。
收量:25.67g(79.2%)
纯度(HPLC):98.47%
1H NMR(CDCl3,800MHz)δ:5.82-5.85(m,1H),2.85(s,1H),2.69(ddd,J=14.9,11.5,3.1Hz,1H),2.47-2.51(m,1H),2.39-2.43(m,1H),2.28(s,3H),2.23-2.31(m,3H),2.06-2.11(m,1H),1.89-1.93(m,1H),1.81-1.88(m,2H),1.72-1.80(m,2H),1.61(ddd,J=15.2,9.2,6.3Hz,1H),1.52-1.58(m,1H),1.35-1.44(m,3H),1.22-1.29(m,1H),1.12-1.18(m,1H),0.90(dtd,J=12.0,10.6,4.2Hz,1H),0.78(s,3H)
13C NMR(CDCl3,201MHz)δ:211.6,199.9,166.4,124.6,89.8,49.2,49.0,48.4,42.4,40.2,36.5,35.5,33.5,31.1,30.0,27.9,26.6,25.9,23.8,15.5
Claims (20)
1.式(I)的(17α)-17-乙酰基-17-羟基-雌甾-4-烯-3-酮的合成方法,
其特征在于,在取代的1,2-二氨基乙烷的存在下,在醚或甲醛二缩醛类溶剂或其混合物中,在-78℃至-10℃的温度下,使式(II)的化合物与1.5~10mol当量的甲基锂反应,然后,在0℃至所用有机溶剂的沸点之间的温度下,使所得作为中间体的被保护的亚胺衍生物与无机酸或强有机酸反应,
2.权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,通过如下方式合成式(II)的的化合物:
i)在短链脂族醇类溶剂中,在温和的有机酸的存在下,使式(IV)的化合物与1.5-10mol当量的碱金属氰化物反应,
然后,
ii)在咪唑的存在下,在醚类溶剂中,在0至+40℃的温度下,使所得的式(III)的化合物与2-10mol当量的三甲基氯硅烷反应,
3.权利要求2的方法,其特征在于,在乙醇中进行步骤i)中的反应。
4.权利要求2的方法,其特征在于,在步骤i)中使用氰化钾或氰化钠作为反应物。
5.权利要求2的方法,其特征在于,在步骤i)中优选使用2-4mol过量的氰化物反应物。
6.权利要求2的方法,其特征在于,在步骤i)中优选使用乙酸作为温和的有机酸。
7.权利要求2的方法,其特征在于,在步骤i)中优选使用1.5-3mol过量的乙酸。
8.权利要求2的方法,其特征在于,优选在0至+10℃的温度下进行步骤ii)中的反应。
9.权利要求2的方法,其特征在于,在甲基叔丁基醚或四氢呋喃中进行步骤ii)中的反应。
10.权利要求2的方法,其特征在于,在步骤ii)中优选使用2.5-4mol过量的反应物。
11.权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,使用2.5-5mol过量的甲基锂。
12.权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,使用N,N,N',N'-四甲基乙二胺作为取代的1,2-二氨基乙烷。
13.权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,在-40℃至-20℃的温度下进行反应。
14.权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,在由所得作为中间体的被保护的亚胺向式(I)化合物的转化中使用盐酸。
15.权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,在作为溶剂的水和叔丁基甲基醚或二乙氧基甲烷的混合物中,进行由所得作为中间体的被保护的亚胺向式(I)化合物的转化。
16.权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,在+5℃至+40℃的温度下进行水解和酸性重排。
17.式(II)的(17α)-3-甲氧基-17-[(三甲基甲硅烷基)-氧基]-雌甾-2,5(10)-二烯-17-甲腈,
18.式(II)的(17α)-3-甲氧基-17-[(三甲基甲硅烷基)-氧基]-雌甾-2,5(10)-二烯-17-甲腈的合成方法,其特征在于,在咪唑的存在下,在醚类溶剂中,在0至+40℃的温度下,使式(III)的化合物与2-10mol当量的三甲基氯硅烷反应,
19.式(III)的(17α)-17-羟基-3-甲氧基雌甾-2,5(10)-二烯-17-甲腈,
20.式(III)的(17α)-17-羟基-3-甲氧基雌甾-2,5(10)-二烯-17-甲腈的合成方法,其特征在于,在短链脂族醇类溶剂中,在温和的有机酸的存在下,使式(IV)的化合物与1.5-10mol当量的碱金属氰化物反应,
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PCT/IB2014/066907 WO2015092647A1 (en) | 2013-12-16 | 2014-12-15 | A process for the production of of 19-norpregn-4-en-3,20-dione-17.alpha.-ol (gestonorone) and intermediates therefor |
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US9562067B2 (en) | 2017-02-07 |
NO3083655T3 (zh) | 2018-07-07 |
BR112016013759A2 (pt) | 2017-08-08 |
MX366421B (es) | 2019-07-08 |
HU230788B1 (en) | 2018-05-02 |
IL245812A0 (en) | 2016-08-02 |
HRP20180681T1 (hr) | 2018-06-01 |
HUP1300722A2 (en) | 2015-06-29 |
PL3083655T3 (pl) | 2018-07-31 |
CA2932145C (en) | 2021-12-07 |
LT3083655T (lt) | 2018-06-25 |
JP6453337B2 (ja) | 2019-01-16 |
BR112016013759B1 (pt) | 2021-11-30 |
HUE036726T2 (hu) | 2018-07-30 |
EP3083655B1 (en) | 2018-02-07 |
EA030789B1 (ru) | 2018-09-28 |
IL245812B (en) | 2018-10-31 |
WO2015092647A1 (en) | 2015-06-25 |
CY1120153T1 (el) | 2018-12-12 |
UA118572C2 (uk) | 2019-02-11 |
PT3083655T (pt) | 2018-05-09 |
RS57156B1 (sr) | 2018-07-31 |
JP2017501159A (ja) | 2017-01-12 |
DK3083655T3 (en) | 2018-05-28 |
MX2016007990A (es) | 2017-03-08 |
SI3083655T1 (en) | 2018-06-29 |
CN105829335B (zh) | 2018-05-29 |
EA201691241A1 (ru) | 2016-10-31 |
EP3083655A1 (en) | 2016-10-26 |
CA2932145A1 (en) | 2015-06-25 |
US20160297848A1 (en) | 2016-10-13 |
ES2668461T3 (es) | 2018-05-18 |
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