CN105801419B - 曲前列环素二乙醇胺的合成方法及新颖中间体 - Google Patents

曲前列环素二乙醇胺的合成方法及新颖中间体 Download PDF

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CN105801419B
CN105801419B CN201410833701.3A CN201410833701A CN105801419B CN 105801419 B CN105801419 B CN 105801419B CN 201410833701 A CN201410833701 A CN 201410833701A CN 105801419 B CN105801419 B CN 105801419B
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高士杰
蔡嘉忠
周才咏
江郁敏
姚启祥
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种曲前列环素二乙醇胺的合成方法,以及一种可供制备曲前列环素二乙醇胺的一种新颖中间体。其中,该新颖中间体如以下式(II)所示:

Description

曲前列环素二乙醇胺的合成方法及新颖中间体
技术领域
本发明涉及一种曲前列环素二乙醇胺的合成方法,以及一种可供制备曲前列环素二乙醇胺的新颖中间体。
背景技术
曲前列环素(Treprostinil)或其衍生物有助于促进血管舒张、抑制血小板聚集及血栓形成、刺激血栓溶解、抑制细胞增殖、提供细胞保护作用、预防动脉粥样硬化形成及诱导血管生成等作用,因此,曲前列环素可应用在治疗多种疾病的药物中。然而,目前曲前列环素的合成方法通常繁复且耗时,需考虑所制备的曲前列环素的光学纯度。
因此,目前亟需一种新颖的曲前列环素二乙醇胺的合成方法,以减少合成步骤,并提高所获得的曲前列环素二乙醇胺的光学纯度。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一是提供一种可供制备曲前列环素二乙醇胺的新颖中间体,该中间体如下式(II)所示:
其中,R1及R2各自独立为C1-6烷基。
在本发明的一具体实施方式中,在上述的式(II)所示的化合物中,R1可为甲基。
在本发明的一具体实施方式中,在上述的式(II)所示的化合物中,R2可为甲基。
根据本发明的一具体实施方式,上述式(II)所示的化合物的合成方法可包括以下步骤:
(i)提供一如下所示的5-烷氧基-2-四氢萘酮(5-alkoxy-2-tetralone):(5-alkoxy-2-tetralone);其中,R2可以为C1-6烷基,并使得该5-烷氧基-2-四氢萘酮经烷氧羰基反应生成如下式(I)所示的化合物:
以及
(ii)将式(I)所示的化合物进行烷基化反应,以生成如式(II)所示的化合物。
本发明所公开的如式(II)所示的该新颖中间体主要是在制备式(IV)所示的化合物合成步骤中所产生的中间体:
因此,本发明的另一目的在于提供如式(IV)所示的化合物的合成方法:
该方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将式(II)所示的化合物转化生成如式(IV)所示的化合物。
其中,R1及R2各自独立为C1-6烷基。
在本发明的一优选具体实施方式中,上述的步骤(1)可包括:
(1-1)将式(II)所示的化合物进行去甲氧羰基反应,以生成式(III)所示的化合物;以及
(1-2)将式(III)所示的化合物进行内酯化反应以生成式(IV)所示的化合物;其中,R2是C1-6烷基,优选为甲基。
借由上述提供的新颖中间体,以及借由该新颖中间体所制备的式(IV)所示的化合物,可进一步用于下文所述的制备曲前列环素的合成方法中。
本发明的又一目的在于提供一种曲前列环素二乙醇胺的合成方法,该曲前列环素二乙醇胺是如式(XII)所示,其合成方法包括以下(A)至(J)步骤:
该合成方法可包括以下步骤:
步骤(A):将式(IV)所示的化合物:
进行合环反应,以生成式(V)所示的化合物:
其中,R2是C1-6烷基,R3是一保护羟基的保护基;
步骤(B):将式(V)所示的化合物进行氢化反应,以生成式(VI)所示的化合物:
步骤(C):将式(VI)所示的化合物进行还原反应,以生成式(VII)所示的化合物:
步骤(D):将式(VII)所示的化合物进行去保护反应,以生成式(VIII)所示的化合物:
步骤(E):在脂肪酶存在的情况下,将式(VIII)所示的化合物进行立体选择性乙酰化反应,以获得式(VIII-1)所示的化合物:
步骤(F):将式(VIII-1)所示的化合物进行去乙酰化反应,以生成式(VIII’)所示的化合物:
步骤(G):将式(VIII’)所示的化合物进行去烷基反应,以生成式(IX)所示的化合物:
步骤(H):利用将式(IX)所示的化合物进行烷基化反应,以生成式(X)所示的化合物:
其中,R4是C1-5的烷基;
步骤(I):将式(X)所示的化合物进行水解反应,以生成式(XI)所示的曲前列环素;
以及,步骤(J):将乙二醇胺与式(XI)所示的化合物进行盐化反应,以生成如式(XII)所示的曲前列环素二乙醇胺。
在本发明的一优选具体实施方式中,R2及R4分别为甲基。
另外,在本发明的一具体实施方式中,步骤(A)中,保护羟基的保护基团(R3)可为本发明领域中公知的羟基保护基,并无特别的限制,然而优选可选自由甲基、乙基、叔丁基、乙酰基、特戊酰基(Piv)、苯甲基(Bn)、对甲氧基苯甲基(PMB)、9-茀基甲基(Fm)、二苯基甲基(DPM)、三甲基硅烷基(TMS)、叔丁基二甲基硅基(TBDMS)、三异丙基硅基(TIPS)、2-甲氧基乙基甲基醚(MEM)、甲硫甲基醚(MTM)、甲氧甲基醚(MOM)及四氢吡喃(THP)所组成的群组。此外,根据步骤(A)中所使用的羟基保护基团的种类,在步骤(D)的去保护反应需搭配不同种类的保护基团而进行。举例而言,当使用四氢吡喃(THP)作为羟基的保护基团时,其去保护反应可利用溶于甲醇中的对甲苯磺酸(p-Toluenesulfonic acid)以进行反应,使得保护基团脱去。
再者,步骤(E)是在脂肪酶(lipase)存在的情况下,将式(VIII)所示的化合物进行立体选择性乙酰化反应后,经分离以及去保护后收集式(VIII’)所示的化合物后,可进一步地利用再结晶的方法提高该中间体的纯度。再结晶所使用的溶剂是本领域的公知常识,可由本领域的技术人员选择使用,并无特别的限制。举例而言,在此所使用的再结晶溶剂可为含氯溶剂,如二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷或四氯化碳等;醇类,如甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇或正丙醇等;酮类,如丙酮、丁酮、甲基异丁基酮或苯乙酮等;酯类,如乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸异丙酯或乙酸叔丁酯;醚类,如四氢呋喃、乙醚或甲基叔丁基醚;或者可为乙腈、C5-8烷烃等。
另外,在本发明的一具体实施方式中,在步骤(H)中的R4是甲基。
本发明的又一目的在于提供另一种可供制备曲前列环素二乙醇胺的新颖中间体,该中间体是由式(VIII-1)所示:
其中,R2是C1-6烷基。且在本发明的一优选具体实施方式中,R2优选为甲基。
在本发明中所公开的每一反应步骤中,所使用的反应试剂、反应条件、以及反应参数等皆可为本领域的技术人员,依公知技术而得知。而以下具体实施方式是本发明一具体实施方式的具体描述,但不限于此,可为本发明领域的技术人员进行改良及变更。
本发明所提供的曲前列环素二乙醇胺的合成方法,可有效改善目前公知工艺冗长的步骤,且在工艺中,借助立体选择性乙酰化反应,提高该中间体的纯度,进而提供具有高光学纯度的曲前列环素二乙醇胺。
附图说明
图1是实施例11所制备的化合物9的X-射线衍射分析的谱图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白,以下结合具体实施例,并参照附图,对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
以下实施例1-4是制备式(IV)所示的化合物的详细方法,该方法如流程图1所示。且在本实施例中,R2为甲基。
然而,以下的流程图1所示的反应流程仅为本发明的实施例之一,其每一反应步骤所使用的反应参数以及试剂皆可为本领域的技术人员替换及改良,只要可达成相同的反应结果即可。
流程图1:
[实施例1]-化合物1的制备-甲氧羰基反应(i)
将500克的5-甲氧基-2-四氢萘酮(5-methoxy-2-tetralone)溶于3.75升的碳酸二甲酯(dimethyl carbonate)中,在15℃下加入633毫升的30%甲醇钠(CH3ONa)的甲醇溶液,接着加热至70℃反应1小时,待反应冷却至室温后,加入1.2升3N的盐酸水溶液终止反应,分离有机层,水层用1升的乙酸乙酯(ethyl acetate)萃取,将合并的有机层经减压浓缩。得到的粗产物利用3.29升的正己烷萃取并过滤、浓缩干燥得531克的黄色固体化合物1。
[实施例2]-化合物2的制备-烷基化反应(ii)
将143毫升的二异丙胺(diisopropylamine)溶于1升的四氢呋喃(THF)中,在-60℃下滴加入272毫升1.6M的正丁基锂(n-butyl lithium)的正己烷溶液,并在-60℃下反应15分钟,然后再滴加入92克的化合物1溶于600毫升四氢呋喃(THF)的溶液中,在-60℃下反应1小时。接着,在5℃下加入68克的溴乙酸锂(lithium bromoacetate,)以及29克的四丁基碘化铵(tetrabutylammonium iodide,TBAI),并在室温下反应22小时。接着,在5℃下加入1.5升2N的盐酸水溶液终止反应,有机层分离后,利用1.5升2N的盐酸水溶液洗涤有机层两次,减压浓缩后得到110克的灰白色固体化合物2。其中,该化合物2是本发明所公开的新颖中间体的一优选实施例。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)7.33-7.31(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.18-7.14(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),6.73-6.71(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),3.91(s,3H),3.82(s,3H),3.10-3.07(m,2H),2.79-2.75(m,1H),2.75-2.70(m,1H),2.47-2.41(m,1H);13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)
δ 178.9,176.7,173.3,156.8,132.7,127.5,120.4,119.4,108.7,100.5,56.3,52.6,36.0,34.5,25.8。
[实施例3]-化合物3的制备-去甲氧羰基反应(1-1)
将340克的化合物2及54克的氯化锂(lithium chloride,LiCl)溶解在二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)/水(1.7升/68毫升)中,加热至100℃反应2小时后冷却到室温。加入1.5升的饱和食盐水、以及1升的乙酸乙酯进行分层(partition),使用4.5升的饱和食盐水洗涤有机层后,减压浓缩得到225克的橘黄色固体化合物3。
[实施例4]-化合物4的制备-内酯化反应(1-2)
将225克的化合物3溶解于2.25升的二氯甲烷(DCM)中,在5℃下加入335毫升的三乙胺(triethylamine,TEA)与90毫升的乙酸酐(acetic anhydride,Ac2O),并在室温下反应1小时。加入2升的饱和食盐水(brine)进行分层(partition),有机层用1升的盐酸水溶液洗涤后减压浓缩得到残余物,利用硅胶管柱纯化与二氯甲烷和正己烷(1∶1)作为冲提液,快速冲提将溶剂移除后得到的固体,利用乙酸乙酯与正己烷(1升/2升)再结晶得到173克白色固体化合物4。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ 7.19~7.15(m,1H),6.76-6.73(m,2H),6.10(d,J=5.6Hz,1H),3.84(s,3H),3.61(dd,J=7.2Hz,5.6Hz,1H),3.23-3.11(m,1H),2.95(dd,J=17.6Hz,9.6Hz,1H),2.49(dd,J=17.6Hz,10.4Hz,1H),2.36(t,J=15.6Hz,1H),1.58(s,2H);13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)174.1,156.2,154.8,134.9,127.7,119.5,119.4,109.0,101.1,55.4,34.7,33.1,27.2。
以下实施例5-14是制备化合物12(式(XII)所示的化合物)所示的化合物的详细方法,该方法如流程图2所示。
然而,以下的流程图2所示的反应流程仅为本发明的实施例之一,其每一反应步骤所使用的反应参数以及试剂皆可为本领域的技术人员替换及改良,只要可达成相同的反应结果即可。
流程图2:
[实施例5]-化合物Mix-5的制备-合环反应(a)
将99克的膦酸酯(dimethyl-(4S)-4-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)nonylphosphonate)溶于1.92升的四氢呋喃(THF)中,在-60℃下滴加入367毫升溶于正己烷中的1.6M的正丁基锂(BuLi)溶液,并在-60℃下反应1小时,然后再滴加入溶于640毫升四氢呋喃(THF)中的64克化合物4的溶液,在-60℃下反应1小时。接着升温至-40℃,反应1小时后加入22毫升冰醋酸(AcOH)反应30分钟,反应加热至55℃反应2.5小时。反应降温至5℃,加入2升的饱和食盐水与7毫升12N的盐酸水溶液稀释,再加入2升的乙酸乙酯萃取。利用2升饱和食盐水洗涤有机层后减压浓缩抽干。残余物利用硅胶管柱纯化以乙酸乙酯和正己烷(1∶9)为冲提液,纯化后将溶剂移除得到45克的淡黄色液体化合物Mix-5。
[实施例6]-化合物Mix-6的制备-氢化反应(b)
将45克的化合物Mix-5、1.0克的碳酸钾(potassium carbonate)和5.6克的10%钯碳催化剂(10%palladium on carbon,Pd/C)溶于360毫升乙醇(EtOH)中,氢气下加压至50psi,并在室温下反应7小时。接着,利用硅藻土(Celite)过滤,滤液浓缩抽干利用硅胶管柱纯化,以乙酸乙酯和正己烷(1:19)为冲提液,纯化后将溶剂移除得到40克无色液体化合物Mix-6。
[实施例7]-化合物Mix-7的制备-还原反应(c)
将30克的化合物Mix-6溶于600毫升的乙醇中,在-10℃下滴加氢氧化钠(NaOH)水溶液(28g氢氧化钠溶于140毫升水中),反应搅拌30分钟。接着,在-10℃下加入2.7克硼氢化钠(NaBH4)搅拌1小时,再加入2.7克的硼氢化钠(NaBH4)搅拌2小时。之后加入冰醋酸终止反应,减压浓缩除去溶剂,残留物溶于52毫升的乙酸乙酯利用碳酸氢钠水溶液与饱和食盐水洗涤有机层,减压浓缩后得到31克的无色液体化合物Mix-7。
[实施例8]-化合物Mix-8的制备-去保护反应(d)
将64克的化合物Mix-7以及1.3克的对甲苯磺酸(p-Toluenesulfonic acid,PTSA)溶于640毫升甲醇中,在室温下反应2小时。反应液浓缩后利用硅胶管柱纯化,以乙酸乙酯和正己烷(3:7)为冲提液,纯化后将溶剂移除得到40克无色液体化合物Mix-8。
[实施例9]-化合物8OAc的制备-乙酰化反应(e)
将38克的化合物Mix-8以及17克的脂解脢(Lipase AK“AMANO”)溶于750毫升正己烷与146毫升醋酸乙烯酯(vinyl acetate)中,在室温下反应22小时。反应液过滤,减压浓缩后利用硅胶管柱纯化,以乙酸乙酯和正己烷(1∶7)为冲提液,纯化后将溶剂移除得到19克的无色液体化合物8OAc。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz).δ 7.11(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),6.77(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),6.75(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),4.78-4.72(m,1H),3.81(s,3H),3.62-3.54(m,1H),2.81(dd,J=15.0,5.7Hz,1H),2.78(dd,J=15.4,6.3Hz,1H),2.50(dd,J=12.0,6.3Hz,1H),2.47(dd,J=12.7,6.1Hz,1H),2.35-2.25(m,2H),1.98(s,3H),1.98-1.89(m,1H),1.63-1.52(m,3H),1.52-1.25(m,10H),1.23-1.12(m,1H),0.89(t,J=6.9Hz,3H);13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ 171.2,156.7,140.2,126.4,120.7,126.8,108.5,79.1,72.3,55.7,49.2,40.7,37.9,37.6,33.7,35.1,33.6,32.1,28.5,25.8,25.5,22.8,21.5,14.3。
此反应是进行一立体选择性的乙酰化反应,利用Lipase将Mix-8中特定手性的羟基(OH)进行选择性保护(OAc),再借由硅胶管柱纯化,以得到高光学纯度的中间体化合物8。
[实施例10]-化合物8的制备-去乙酰化反应(f)
将15克的化合物8OAc和4.4克的氢氧化钾(KOH)溶于225毫升的甲醇与75毫升的水(MeOH/H2O)中,加热至回流反应5小时。减压浓缩移除甲醇,并使用乙酸乙酯萃取水层,减压浓缩该有机层以得到10克无色液体化合物8。
[实施例11]-化合物9的制备-去甲基化反应(g)
将37克的二苯基磷(diphenylphosphine)溶于245毫升的四氢呋喃(THF),在5℃下滴加入150毫升1.6M的正丁基锂的正己烷溶液搅拌1小时。在5℃下将上述3/7的二苯基磷化锂溶液加入含有11克化合物8的49毫升四氢呋喃溶液中,加热回流2小时。反应液降温至室温后,将剩余的4/7二苯基磷化锂溶液加入,并加热回流17小时。待反应液降温至5℃时,加入盐酸水溶液终止反应,分离有机层后,水层用二氯甲烷萃取,合并的有机层减压浓缩,利用硅胶管柱纯化,以甲醇和二氯甲烷(1∶19)为冲提液,纯化后将溶剂移除,所得的产物再利用乙酸乙酯与二氯甲烷进行再结晶得到8.3克白色固体化合物9。本实施例所制备的化合物9具有一晶型结构,其X-射线衍射分析谱图如图1所示。
[实施例12]-化合物10的制备-烷基化反应(h)
将1.0克的化合物9、0.58克的溴乙酸甲酯(methyl bromoacetate)、0.83克的碳酸钾(potassium carbonate,K2CO3)溶解在15毫升的丙酮(Acetone)中,加热回流8小时。待反应降至室温,反应液过滤移除碳酸钾。滤液浓缩真空干燥后得到1.4克化合物10。
[实施例13]-化合物11(曲前列环素)的制备-水解反应(i)
将1.4克的化合物10、0.34克的氢氧化钾(KOH)溶解在10毫升的甲醇与10毫升的水中,加热回流2小时,结束后冷却到室温。加入5.5毫升的2N盐酸水溶液搅拌2小时,过滤后利用甲醇与水(5毫升/10毫升)洗涤固体。将固体真空干燥后得到1.2克的化合物11(曲前列环素)。1H NMR(MeOD,400MHz)δ 7.04(t,J=7.9Hz,1H),6.79(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),6.70(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),4.62(s,2H),3.66-3.58(m,1H),3.56-3.49(m,1H),2.77(dd,J=14.7,6.2Hz,1H),2.73(dd,J=14.2,6.2Hz,1H),2.64(dd,J=14.7,6.0Hz,1H),2.50(dd,J=14.3,6.0Hz,1H),2.33-2.21(m,1H),2.12-2.04(m,1H),1.96-1.87(m,1H),1.76-1.66(m,1H),1.66-1.53(m,2H),1.53-1.26(m,9H),1.25-1.16(m,1H),1.15-1.06(m,1H),0.92(t,J=6.8Hz,3H);13C NMR(MeOD,100MHz)δ.173.1,156.7,142.3,128.9,127.3,122.6,111.0,77.8,73.1,66.7,52.6,42.5,42.2,38.4,36.2,34.7,34.2,33.3,29.8,26.8,26.6,23.9,14.6。
[实施例14]-化合物12(曲前列环素二乙醇胺)的制备-成盐反应(j)
将1.1克的化合物11(曲前列环素)、0.35克的二乙醇胺(diethanolamine)溶解在4毫升的乙醇及28毫升的乙酸乙酯(EtOH/EA)中,加热至70℃搅拌0.5h。降温至55℃,加入0.01克的晶型B的曲前列环素二乙醇胺作为晶种搅拌1小时。再降温至室温搅拌16小时。过滤后利用20毫升的乙酸乙酯洗涤固体。将固体真空干燥后得到1.3克的化合物12(曲前列环素二乙醇胺)。1H NMR(MeOD,400MHz)δ 7.01(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),6.74(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),6.70(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),4.34(s,2H),3.78(t,J=5.3Hz,4H),3.66-3.58(m,1H),3.56-3.49(m,1H),3.11(t,J=5.2Hz,4H),2.83(dd,J=14.7,6.1Hz,1H),2.73(dd,J=14.2,6.1Hz,1H),2.62(dd,J=14.7,6.1Hz,1H),2.48(dd,J=14.1,6.1Hz,1H),2.31-2.22(m,1H),2.14-2.05(m,1H),1.94-1.84(m,1H),1.77-1.67(m,1H),1.67-1.52(m,2H),1.52-1.39(m,4H),1.39-1.26(m,5H),1.26-1.18(m,1H),1.18-1.07(m,1H),0.92(t,J=6.8Hz,3H);13C NMR(MeOD,100MHz)δ 177.2,157.2,141.9,128.6,127.0,121.7,111.1,77.7,72.9,69.3,57.9,52.8,50.4,42.4,42.1,38.3,36.1,34.8,34.2,33.1,29.7,26.8,26.4,23.7,14.4。
以上所述的具体实施例,对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明,应理解的是,以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则的内,所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围的内。

Claims (6)

1.一种如下式(II)所示的化合物:
其中,R1和R2各自独立为C1-6烷基。
2.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其中,R1是甲基。
3.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其中,R2是甲基。
4.一种如下式(IV)所示的化合物的合成方法:
该方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将式(II)所示的化合物转化生成如式(IV)所示的化合物;
其中,R1和R2各自独立为C1-6烷基。
5.如权利要求4所述的合成方法,其中,步骤(1)包括:
(1-1)将式(II)所示的化合物进行去甲氧羰基反应,以生成式(III)所示的化合物;以及
(1-2)将式(III)所示的化合物进行内酯化反应以生成式(IV)所示的化合物;
其中,R2是C1-6烷基。
6.如权利要求5所述的合成方法,其中,R2是甲基。
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