CN105766339B - A kind of ecology planting method of Radix Notoginseng - Google Patents
A kind of ecology planting method of Radix Notoginseng Download PDFInfo
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- CN105766339B CN105766339B CN201610194367.0A CN201610194367A CN105766339B CN 105766339 B CN105766339 B CN 105766339B CN 201610194367 A CN201610194367 A CN 201610194367A CN 105766339 B CN105766339 B CN 105766339B
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of ecology planting methods of Radix Notoginseng, belong to Chinese medicine planting technology field, specific steps are as follows: selection of land site preparation；Trench digging reason furrow；Radix Notoginseng field planting；Canopy is built in piling；Cover square film；Field management (take off film emerges, weeds out the rank grass, irrigation and drainage, cool canopy are adjusted, extracts bud, fertilising, pest and disease damage prevention and control, cuts stalk and pass the winter)；Radix Notoginseng excavation.The present invention is based on Chinese medicine bionic cultivation principles, in conjunction with Radix Notoginseng physiology, biological characteristics, create the ecological environment for being suitble to Panax notoginseng Growth development, enhance Radix Notoginseng resistance by agricultural synthesis prevention and control measure, field diseases are reduced, produce high-quality green Radix Notoginseng, the method for the present invention is simple and easy, the developing direction for meeting domestic and international medicinal plant ecologic planting is a technological revolution in cultivation of pseudo-ginseng.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Chinese medicine planting technology fields, specifically, being related to a kind of ecology planting method of Radix Notoginseng.
Background technique
Radix Notoginseng is the dry root and rhizome of panax araliaceae plant (Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H.Chen),
With dissipating stasis and stanching bleeding, detumescence ding-tong effect is the large medicinal herbs most in use of tradition in China's medicinal material market, and the huge market demand is opened
It is high to send out utility value.Currently, it is on the one hand constantly expanded due to Radix Notoginseng in the industrial applications such as clinic, pharmacy, health care, daily use chemicals and dosage
Radix Notoginseng demand is caused gradually to be significantly increased, price of medicinal material goes up；The upper a large amount of application chemical fertilizer of another aspect notoginseng planting production swash
Element, pesticide etc. promote medicinal material high yield, cause the decline of Radix Notoginseng disease resistance, field pest and disease damage serious, and cause to produce Medicinal Materials Characters
The series of problems such as variation, quality decline and the residual heavy metals exceeding standard of agriculture seriously affect Radix Notoginseng clinical application safety.It is reported that Radix Notoginseng
Medicinal material has more than 200 kinds of agricultures residual, and Radix Notoginseng exports critical constraints.Thus, seek ecologic planting mode, creates the life for being suitble to Panax notoginseng Growth
State environment, improve Radix Notoginseng disease resistance, reduce field pest and disease damage incidence, reduce agriculture chemical use and pseudo-ginseng heavy metal and
Pesticide residual contamination improves quality of medicinal material, needed for guaranteeing that clinical application has been urgent safely.
Traditional notoginseng planting is the method for building double (light transmission, permeable) thoroughly flat canopies on a large scale using field.This method
First is that construction process is cumbersome, a large amount of Chinese firs need to be cut down and do timber, and expended a large amount of iron wires and do frame and fixing line, thus cost
Height is big to ecological environment destruction；Second is that build flat canopy cannot easily dim control it is wet, lead to atmosphere draught-free and soil in canopy
Humidity is big, and causes Radix Notoginseng Field diseases high, can only be by a large amount of spraying pesticides (one week 1~2 time) come diseases prevention disease-control, plantation
Radix Notoginseng agriculture is residual out, heavy metals exceeding standard, Medicinal Materials Characters and of poor quality；Third is that notoginseng planting region winter often snows heavily, build
It makes flat canopy to be easy to be crushed by snow disaster, influences Radix Notoginseng production, seven agricultures are suffered heavy losses.
A kind of implantation methods of fingered citron Radix Notoginseng are disclosed in patent CN201410218627, by selection of land, soil improvement, are taken
It builds arched shed, manage the plantation that furrow do the series of steps such as bed, sowing, Cultivate administration completion fingered citron Radix Notoginseng, but fingered citron Radix Notoginseng is approximate wild
Raw sangqi ginseng, form and traditional Radix Notoginseng differ greatly, and the two having differences property in plantation demand, therefore, the invention proposes
A kind of ecology planting method meeting traditional Panax notoginseng Growth characteristic.
Summary of the invention
To solve the problems, such as background technique, the present invention provides a kind of ecology planting method of Radix Notoginseng, it is based on
Medicinal material bionic cultivation principle is created the ecological environment for being suitble to Panax notoginseng Growth development, is passed through in conjunction with Radix Notoginseng physiology, biological characteristics
Agricultural synthesis prevention and control measure enhances Radix Notoginseng resistance, reduces field diseases, produces high-quality green Radix Notoginseng, the method for the present invention is simple
It is easy, meet the developing direction of domestic and international medicinal plant ecologic planting, is a technological revolution in cultivation of pseudo-ginseng.
To achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of ecology planting method of Radix Notoginseng, specific steps are as follows:
1) nonirrigated farmland, the forest land that selection of land site preparation: selecting weather and geographical conditions region is suitable for, plantation plot require row, filling side
Just, for the plantation Radix Notoginseng interval time limit at 10 years or more, the soil texture was loose, and ventilative draining；1 half a month (one before notoginseng planting
As be mid-November current year) plough deeply a heatable brick bed to planting site and shine, after a heatable brick bed shines 20 days, 30-50 kilograms of liming nitrogen and corruption per acre
Then ridge soil, lime nitrogen, decomposed cattle and sheep excrement that a heatable brick bed shines are carried out sufficiently broken and turned over by 1500 kilograms of ripe cattle and sheep excrement with rotary cultivator
Uniformly, and with film overburden soil face soil disinfection disinfection is carried out, (late December), it is ventilated to take off film after 15 days, and uses rotary tillage again
Machine is turned over one time, and sunning carries out trench digging reason furrow after 1 week；
2) trench digging reason furrow: inclined slope aspect carries out trench digging reason furrow, the wide 120~140cm of furrow face, wide 30~40cm in furrow ditch, furrow ditch
Lower wide 20~25cm, ditch depth 25cm, the long 15~20m of furrow, and hold traverse furrow successfully, trench digging reason furrow are carried out in early January；
3) Radix Notoginseng is colonized: horizontal excavations of vertical kind of planting-line of notoginseng planting furrow face plants planting ditch, 4~5cm of ditch depth, according to 10cm ×
14cm~10cm × 15cm seeding row spacing carries out the field planting of panax notoginseng item, and mu is colonized 2.5 ten thousand~30,000 plants；
4) canopy is built in piling: squeezing into 70 ㎝ of a root long, thick 3 every 100~120cm distance on the furrow face both sides for being colonized Radix Notoginseng
The coating steel pipe of 2 ㎝ of timber or diameter of~4 ㎝, driving depth are 28~30 ㎝, and the stake on furrow face both sides needs to be aligned, then with length
The thick bamboo cane or batten of 270 ㎝ builds arched shed, and it is 20~25 ㎝, high 100~110 ㎝ of arched shed, arched shed that bamboo cane bundlees length in stake
Add after building up in center top and tie up the fixed arched shed of a root long cross bar, and sets up equipment of sprinkler irrigation；
5) it covers square film: carrying out covering square film in early or mid Febuary, first 300 ㎝ of cover width, sunshade rate 90% on arched shed
First layer sunshade net, then on first layer sunshade net 200 ㎝ of cover width second layer plastic film, finally the second layer mould
Expect the third layer sunshade net of 200 ㎝ of cover width on film, sunshade rate 75%；
6) field management: during which the Radix Notoginseng field planting time limit 2~3 years carries out stringent field management；
7) Radix Notoginseng is excavated: notoginseng planting is excavated in third year 9~October, excavates first 20 days dismounting furrow face arched sheds,
It carries out field to put sun, put rain and dew, fine day is selected to excavate in order, excavated Radix Notoginseng in field and dried half a day, trembled except soil, transport to
Processing site wipes out ground stalk, and underground stalk and underground rhizome are separately carried out dry processing.
Further, in step 2), furrow ditch in furrow face spreads fertilizer over the fields one layer of calcium magnesium phosphate and borax after holding successfully, application per acre
Amount is respectively 150 kilograms and 0.5 kilogram, then by leveling in watt antiform, trench digging reason furrow are generally carried out in early January.
Further, in step 3), Radix Notoginseng is colonized preceding Sandofan to the disinfection of panax notoginseng item, when field planting, all panax notoginsengs
Root downward, is covered panax notoginseng item with furrow ditch soil upward for bud head inclined slope aspect, covers one layer of pine needle after being colonized in furrow face, then
Watering, soil moisture control cover one layer of white mulch on pine needle 25% or more, finally, cover one layer of 80cm wide in furrow ditch
Black mulch film.
Further, in step 5), first layer sunshade net is fixed on arched shed and stake by cloth, respectively stays 50 on two skirt piles
Second layer plastic film and third layer sunshade net are fixed on arched shed with film-pressing line by the first layer sunshade net of the activity adjustment of ㎝ long
On, and keep second layer plastic film and the movable adjusting of third layer sunshade net.
Further, the specific field management step of step 6) includes:
1. taking off film emergence: mid or late March starts the sunshade of arched shed both sides when furrow face Radix Notoginseng emergence rate reaches 90% or more
The mulch that furrow face covers is removed in time, in time puts down arched shed both sides sunshade net after having taken off mulch by net；
2. weeding out the rank grass: after Radix Notoginseng emergence, manually pulling out weeds in field；
3. irrigation and drainage: when the arid of field, sprayed by equipment of sprinkler irrigation, keep field soil moisture 18%~
21%, when rainy season, drain ditch in the field is cleared up, prevention waterlogging drainage works are carried out；
4. cool canopy is adjusted: arched shed both sides sunshade net being put down sunshade when fine day, arched shed intermediate second layer plastic film is received
Play ventilated, reduction temperature of shed；Rainy days both sides sunshade net is started it is ventilated, arched shed intermediate second layer plastics are thin
The good rain-proof of membrane cover simultaneously guarantees that furrow face loosing soil is ventilative；
5. extracing bud: 7-8 month Radix Notoginseng squaring period selects fine day to extract bud；
6. fertilising: respectively imposing a compound potassium nitrate fertilizer in the first tenday period of a month in May, mid-July and mid-September respectively, the amount of imposing is 8
~15kg/ mus, and 3 800 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphates and borax are sprayed in 7,8, September；
7. pest and disease damage prevention and control: using insect prevention plate, black light lamp, gyplure in time according to insect pest type and manually the physics such as slaughter
Method and biological pesticide carry out integrated control, and carry out field rat plague control；
8. cutting stalk to pass the winter: at the beginning of plantation current year and 1 month mid or late December to the next year of second year, by sunshade net on arched shed and modeling
Material film is packed up, and is carefully cut off field Radix Notoginseng ground stalk with scissors and is taken destruction field outside to, and furrow face is exposed to the sun 10 in the sun
It, then full garden sprinkles profoundly water, and furrow face sprays Bordeaux mixture sterilizing, and covers one layer of mulch film moisture-keeping heat preservation, early Febuary in next year
Sunshade net on arched shed and film are covered again.
Further, in the 4. operation of step 6), rainy days, both sides sunshade net started height as 30~50cm.
Further, in the 6. operation of step 6), when top dressing, avoids fertilizer from being sticked on blade, and need to spray water in time.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
(1) the invention is simple and feasible, changes tradition and chops at a tree and (do furrow wooden fork and cool canopy) and a large amount of applying pesticides, chemical fertilizer kind three
Seven mode is conducive to reinforce forest and ecological environmental protection, realizes the green planting of Radix Notoginseng；
(2) present invention can effectively reduce the pest and disease damages such as field root rot, gray mold, black spot, epidemic disease and root-knot nematode hair
Sick rate reduces 80% or more applications of pesticide amount, 50% or more chemical fertilizer amount of application is reduced, so that agriculture chemical, which is greatly reduced, to be made
It with cost, realizes that the chemical fertilizer pesticide of notoginseng planting subtracts and applies synergy, reduce the pollution of pseudo-ginseng heavy metal and pesticide remnant；
(3) it is planted using the method for the present invention, 700~900 kilograms of fresh goods (band clip and rib), dry product (band can be received per acre
Clip and rib) 180~230 kilograms；
(4) Radix Notoginseng planted out using the method for the present invention, root is cylindrical, and dry product main root epidermis is tightly thin, and top band is tight
Close and deep, matter is solid, section celadon or blackish green, the dense bitter of gas and return it is sweet；Panax Notoginseng saponin R1Content 0.74%~1.00%,
Determination of Content of Ginsenoside Rg_1 3.8%~6.41%, ginsenoside Re's content 0.13%~0.72%, ginsenoside Rb1Content
2.10%~3.98% and ginsenoside Rd's content 0.57%~0.73%, Rg1+Rb1+R1Three kinds of saponin(es and 6.80%~
11.30%, total saposins are much higher than 5% standard of pharmacopeia.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described,
Obviously, described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based in the present invention
Embodiment, every other embodiment obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts, all
Belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment 1
This example is implemented in November, 2010 in October, 2013 at the small whistle of Kunming, Yunnan Guandu District.Height above sea level 1900 is selected
The new reclamation of wasteland mountainous region of rice, testing selected plot is red soil, and soil layer is deep, is rich in humus, and climatic environment is wet, far from city and
Industrial pollution, big gas and water and soil reach national standard reference.Concrete operations are as follows:
1) selection of land site preparation:
Selection is new to open up wasteland mountainous region, and field drainage is preferable, and the soil texture is loose, and draining of breathing freely, on November 12nd, 2010 will be native
Earth is ploughed deeply a heatable brick bed with large-scale ploughing machine and is shone, and ploughs deeply depth in 30cm or more；December 4 spread fertilizer over the fields a stone by 30 kgs/acre in field
Grey nitrogen spreads fertilizer over the fields a decomposed good cow dung by 1500 kgs/acre, then with small-size rotary tiller by ridge soil smash and and lime nitrogen,
It is uniform that cow dung turns over rake；Film surrounding was compacted with native earth bag is filled in field film overburden soil face, carried out soil and go out by 5 people December
Bacterium disinfection；December 20 removed field soil face film, and turned over a soil with rotary cultivator again.
2) trench digging reason furrow:
December 28, inclined slope aspect carried out trench digging reason furrow, the wide 120cm of furrow face, width 35cm in furrow ditch, width 20cm under furrow ditch, ditch depth
25cm, the long 15m of furrow, and hold traverse furrow successfully；December 29, the furrow face of resonable good furrow spread fertilizer over the fields one layer of calcium magnesium phosphate and borax, amount of application point
Wei not be 150 kgs/acre and 0.5 kg/acre, then furrow face fertilizer and soil are mixed thoroughly with rake, bed surface soil strikes thin leveling, furrow face
At a watt antiform.
3) Radix Notoginseng is colonized:
On January 2nd, 2011, the horizontal excavation kind planting ditch of vertical kind of planting-line, 4~5cm of ditch depth, ditch spacing 14cm；It will get out three
Seven sub- items impregnate 15 with 500 times of Sandofans~and it pulls out dry after twenty minutes, then in field planting ditch according to 10cm spacing in the rows, sub bud head
Root is colonized downwards inclined slope aspect upward；After being colonized, furrow face has been colonized the covering of panax notoginseng item with furrow ditch soil, furrow ditch is cleaned out,
Field furrow face covers one layer of pine needle, and then watering makes soil moisture reach 25% or more；The furrow face for covering pine needle covers one layer
White mulch carries out moisture-heat preservation；The black mulch film of one layer of 80cm wide is covered in the furrow ditch of field to keep field entropy feelings, be conducive to field
Between drain and prevent furrow ditch sward.
4) canopy is built in piling:
It carries out piling on January 25th, 2011 and builds canopy, furrow face both sides (leaning on ditch), squeeze into a root long every 100cm distance
The timber of 70cm, thick 3-4cm, driving depth is in 30cm or so, the alignment of furrow both sides timber；It is accomplished fluently on timber above-mentioned, with length
The thick bamboo cane of 270cm builds Small plastic shed, bamboo cane both sides is tied up respectively on two timbers of furrow both sides alignment, bamboo cane is tied in stake
Length is tied up in 20cm, the high 120cm of arched shed, and adds in center top and ties up the fixed arched shed of a root long cross bar, while setting up equipment of sprinkler irrigation.
5) square film is covered:
Carry out on 2 10th, 2011 covering square film, first on building up arched shed cover width 300cm, sunshade rate 90% the
One layer of sunshade net, and in the wood on arched shed both sides (bamboo) stake top portion, sunshade net is fixed on arch item and stake with cloth, only stays both sides
Each movable adjusting of 50cm long sunshade net in stake；Then the second layer plastic film of cover width 200cm and width be 200cm,
The third layer sunshade net of sunshade rate 75%；It is finally with film-pressing line that second layer plastic film and third layer sunshade net is solid on arched shed
It lives calmly, and keeps second layer plastic film and the movable adjusting of third layer sunshade net.
6) field management:
2011~2013, the particular content of annual field management was as follows:
1. taking off film emergence: mid or late March starts the sunshade of arched shed both sides when furrow face Radix Notoginseng emergence rate reaches 90% or more
The mulch of furrow face covering is taken off in time, stretches stalk lamina with sharp Radix Notoginseng aerial part to wooden (bamboo) the stake top portion (about 50cm high) by net,
Mulch has been taken off in time to put down arched shed both sides sunshade net；
2. weeding out the rank grass: after Radix Notoginseng emergence, manually pulling out weeds in field in time, prevent from striving fertilizer with Radix Notoginseng, strive water, reduce disease
Worm is propagated, and when uprooting weed, arched shed both sides sunshade net is started to operate, and is pulled out grass and is put down sunshade again；
3. irrigation and drainage: when the arid of field, opening equipment of sprinkler irrigation depending on soil moisture content and spray, keep field soil moisture
18%~21%；Radix Notoginseng garden check at any time when rainy season, has cleared up drain ditch in the field, carries out prevention waterlogging draining.
4. cool canopy is adjusted: arched shed both sides sunshade net is put down into sunshade when fine day, and by arched shed intermediate second layer plastic film
It is retracted into the middle part of arched shed and comes ventilated and reduce temperature of shed, when rainy days starts both sides sunshade net to come ventilated and increase
Add skew ray according to (starting height according to field humidity and light intensity regulating is 30~50cm), and arched shed intermediate second layer film is beaten
Rain-proof of having uncapped and guarantee furrow face loosing soil are ventilative；It using bamboo Small plastic shed, and carries out three layers and covers square film, facilitate adjusting canopy
Interior temperature and humidity, and people can operate outside canopy；
5. extracing bud: 7-8 month Radix Notoginseng squaring period selects fine day to extract bud, reduces nutrient consumption, promotes Roots of Panax Notoginseng
Portion's growth；
6. the rational application of fertilizer: respectively imposing a compound potassium nitrate fertilizer in the first tenday period of a month in May, mid-July and mid-September respectively, impose
8~15kg/ mus of amount, fertilizer be not sticked on blade when top dressing, and be sprayed water in time, and 7,8, September part spray 3 times 800 times
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate and borax；
7. pest and disease damage prevention and control: Radix Notoginseng breeding time Major Diseases have root rot, powdery mildew, black spot, Northern leaf spot, gray mold,
Epidemic disease, nematodiasis etc. carry out field health, are cultivated using single (light transmission) rain-proof thoroughly, control humidity in arched shed, soil moisture and
Intensity of illumination reinforces field ventilation dewetting, and lime nitrogen sterilization when balance fertilizing and site preparation can be effectively controlled and prevent
Above-mentioned disease；
Major Pests mainly have aphid, hang spring worm, slug, cutworm, red spider etc., should be used in time according to insect pest type
Insect prevention plate, black light lamp, gyplure and manually the physical methods such as slaughter and biological pesticide carrys out integrated control, and it is anti-to carry out the field plague of rats
It controls；
8. cutting stalk to pass the winter:, will be on arched shed at the beginning of plantation current year and 1 month mid or late December to the next year of second year (2-3 seven)
Sunshade net and film are packed up, and with scissors are carefully cut off and (are careful not to hurt bud head) field Radix Notoginseng ground stalk and take field export trade to
It ruins, furrow face is exposed to the sun in the sun 10 days；Then full garden sprinkles profoundly water, and furrow face sprays Bordeaux mixture sterilizing, and covers one layer
Mulch film moisture-keeping heat preservation；Early Febuary in next year again covers sunshade net on arched shed and film opening.
7) Radix Notoginseng is excavated:
On September 10th, 2013, removes field furrow face arched shed, and September progress Radix Notoginseng excavation on the 30th has excavated Radix Notoginseng and dried in the air in field
It shines half, trembles except soil, then transport to base depot, stalk above and below ground and underground rhizome are separately subjected to dry processing.
Embodiment 2
This example is implemented in the town Dian Yuan of Kunming, Yunnan Songming County in November, 2011 in October, 2014.Height above sea level is selected
2050 meters of milpa is implemented, and had no guts Radix Notoginseng in the past, and testing selected plot is red soil, and soil layer is deep, is rich in organic matter, weather
Environment is wet, and far from city and industrial pollution, big gas and water and soil reach national standard reference.Concrete operations are as follows:
1) selection of land site preparation:
Milpa is selected, Radix Notoginseng was not planted on level land, and field drainage is preferable, and the soil texture is loose, draining of breathing freely；2011
November 3 soil is ploughed deeply a heatable brick bed with farm cattle to shine, ploughs deeply depth in 25cm or more；November 28 spread fertilizer over the fields in field by 50 kgs/acre
A time lime nitrogen spreads fertilizer over the fields a decomposed good sheep dung by 1200 kgs/acre, then with small-size rotary tiller by ridge soil smash and and stone
Grey nitrogen, cow dung turn over rake uniformly, and native face is covered to tight, progress soil disinfection disinfection in field film；December 15 is by field
Between native face film remove, and turn over a soil with rotary cultivator again.
2) trench digging reason furrow:
Carried out trench digging reason furrow on December 23, the wide 140cm of furrow face, width 40cm in furrow ditch, width 25cm, ditch depth 25cm under furrow ditch,
The long 20m of furrow, traverse furrow is held in field successfully；December 24, the furrow face of resonable good furrow spread fertilizer over the fields one layer of calcium magnesium phosphate and borax, amount of application difference
For 150 kgs/acre and 0.5 kg/acre, then furrow face fertilizer and soil are mixed thoroughly with rake, bed surface soil strikes thin leveling, furrow face at
Watt antiform.
3) Radix Notoginseng is colonized:
On December 28th, 2011, the horizontal excavation kind planting ditch of vertical kind of planting-line, 4~5cm of ditch depth, ditch spacing 15cm；It will be ready to
Panax notoginseng item impregnates 15 with 500 times of Sandofans~and it pulls out dry after twenty minutes, then in field planting ditch according to 10cm spacing in the rows, sub bud
Root is colonized downwards head inclined slope aspect upward；After being colonized, furrow face the covering of panax notoginseng item is colonized with furrow ditch soil, furrow ditch cleaning is dry
Only, field furrow face covers one layer of pine needle, and then watering makes soil moisture reach 25% or more；Cover the furrow face covering one of pine needle
The white mulch of layer carries out moisture-heat preservation；The black mulch film of one layer of 80cm wide is covered in the furrow ditch of field to keep field entropy feelings, be conducive to
Field drainage and prevent furrow ditch sward.
4) canopy is built in piling:
It carries out piling on January 15th, 2012 and builds canopy, furrow face both sides (leaning on ditch), squeeze into a root long every 120cm distance
The bamboo stake of 70cm, thick 3-4cm, driving depth is in 30cm or so, the stake alignment of furrow both sides bamboo；It is accomplished fluently in bamboo stake above-mentioned, with length
The thick bamboo cane of 270cm builds Small plastic shed, bamboo cane both sides is tied up respectively on two bamboos stake of furrow both sides alignment, bamboo cane is tied in stake
Length is tied up in 25cm, the high 100cm of arched shed, and adds in center top and ties up the fixed arched shed of a root long cross bar, while setting up equipment of sprinkler irrigation.
5) square film is covered:
Carry out on 2 1st, 2012 covering square film, first on building up arched shed cover width 300cm, sunshade rate 90% first
Layer sunshade net, and in the bamboo stake top portion on arched shed both sides, sunshade net is fixed on arch item and stake with cloth, is only stayed each on two skirt piles
The movable adjusting of 50cm long sunshade net；Then the second layer plastic film of cover width 200cm and width are 200cm, sunshade rate
75% third layer sunshade net；Finally second layer plastic film and third layer sunshade net are fixed on arched shed with film-pressing line,
And keep second layer plastic film and the movable adjusting of third layer sunshade net.
6) field management:
2012~2014, the particular content of annual field management was as follows:
1. taking off film emergence: mid or late March starts the sunshade of arched shed both sides when furrow face Radix Notoginseng emergence rate reaches 90% or more
The mulch of furrow face covering is taken off in time, stretches stalk lamina with sharp Radix Notoginseng aerial part to wooden (bamboo) the stake top portion (about 50cm high) by net,
Mulch has been taken off in time to put down arched shed both sides sunshade net；
2. weeding out the rank grass: after Radix Notoginseng emergence, manually pulling out weeds in field in time, prevent from striving fertilizer with Radix Notoginseng, strive water, reduce disease
Worm is propagated, and when uprooting weed, arched shed both sides sunshade net is started to operate, and is pulled out grass and is put down sunshade again；
3. irrigation and drainage: when the arid of field, opening equipment of sprinkler irrigation depending on soil moisture content and spray, keep field soil moisture
18%~21%；Radix Notoginseng garden check at any time when rainy season, has cleared up drain ditch in the field, carries out prevention waterlogging draining；
4. cool canopy is adjusted: arched shed both sides sunshade net being put down sunshade when fine day, and arched shed intermediate second layer film is packed up
To coming in the middle part of arched shed ventilated and reduce temperature of shed, when rainy days, starts both sides sunshade net to come ventilated and increase oblique
Illumination (starting height according to field humidity and light intensity regulating is 30~50cm) is penetrated, and arched shed intermediate second layer film is opened and is covered
Good rain-proof and guarantee furrow face loosing soil are ventilative；It using bamboo Small plastic shed, and carries out three layers and covers square film, facilitate and adjust temperature in canopy
Humidity, and people can operate outside canopy；
5. extracing bud: 7-8 month Radix Notoginseng squaring period selects fine day to extract bud, reduces nutrient consumption, promotes Roots of Panax Notoginseng
Portion's growth；
6. the rational application of fertilizer: respectively imposing a compound potassium nitrate fertilizer in the first tenday period of a month in May, mid-July and mid-September respectively, impose
8~15kg/ mus of amount, fertilizer be not sticked on blade when top dressing, and be sprayed water in time, and 7,8, September part spray 3 times 800 times
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate and borax；
7. pest and disease damage prevention and control: Radix Notoginseng breeding time Major Diseases have root rot, powdery mildew, black spot, Northern leaf spot, gray mold,
Epidemic disease, nematodiasis etc. carry out field health, are cultivated using single (light transmission) rain-proof thoroughly, control humidity in arched shed, soil moisture and
Intensity of illumination reinforces field ventilation dewetting, and lime nitrogen sterilization when balance fertilizing and site preparation can be effectively controlled and prevent
Above-mentioned disease；
Major Pests mainly have aphid, hang spring worm, slug, cutworm, red spider etc., should be used in time according to insect pest type
Insect prevention plate, black light lamp, gyplure and manually the physical methods such as slaughter and biological pesticide carrys out integrated control, and it is anti-to carry out the field plague of rats
It controls；
8. cutting stalk to pass the winter:, will be on arched shed at the beginning of plantation current year and 1 month mid or late December to the next year of second year (2-3 seven)
Sunshade net and film are packed up, and with scissors are carefully cut off and (are careful not to hurt bud head) field Radix Notoginseng ground stalk and take field export trade to
It ruins, furrow face is exposed to the sun in the sun 10 days；Then full garden sprinkles profoundly water, and furrow face sprays Bordeaux mixture sterilizing, and covers one layer
Mulch film moisture-keeping heat preservation；Early Febuary in next year again covers sunshade net on arched shed and film opening.
7) Radix Notoginseng is excavated:
On September 25th, 2014 removes field furrow face arched shed, and October 15, progress Radix Notoginseng excavation, excavated Radix Notoginseng in field
Sunning half day, trembles except soil, then transports to base depot, stalk above and below ground and underground rhizome are separately carried out dry processing.
In the measurement present invention in embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 each saponin constituent of Radix Notoginseng content, and and traditional cultivation method
Result compare, see Table 1 for details.
Notoginsenoside assay statistical form under the different notoginseng planting methods of table 1
Embodiment 1 harvests fresh Radix Notoginseng 760kg per acre, and 205 kilograms of dry product, Drying rate 27% or so；Radix Notoginseng main root in 2012
The Panax Notoginseng saponin R of (3 years seven)1Content 0.90%, Determination of Content of Ginsenoside Rg_1 3.80%, ginsenoside Re's content 0.13%, ginseng
Saponin(e Rb1Content 2.10% and ginsenoside Rd's content 0.62%, Rg1+Rb1+R1Three kinds of saponin(es and 6.80%；Radix Notoginseng in 2013
The Panax Notoginseng saponin R of main root (4 years seven)1Content 1.00%, Determination of Content of Ginsenoside Rg_1 4.51%, ginsenoside Re's content 0.59%,
Ginsenoside Rb1Content 3.70% and ginsenoside Rd's content 0.60%, Rg1+Rb1+R1Three kinds of saponin(es and 9.21%.
Embodiment 2 harvests fresh Radix Notoginseng 910kg per acre, and 230 kilograms of dry product, Drying rate 25% or so；Radix Notoginseng main root in 2013
The Panax Notoginseng saponin R of (3 years seven)1Content 0.74%, Determination of Content of Ginsenoside Rg_1 4.11%, ginsenoside Re's content 0.48%, ginseng
Saponin(e Rb1Content 2.91% and ginsenoside Rd's content 0.73%, Rg1+Rb1+R1Three kinds of saponin(es and 7.76%；Radix Notoginseng in 2014
The Panax Notoginseng saponin R of main root (4 years seven)1Content 0.91%, Determination of Content of Ginsenoside Rg_1 6.41%, ginsenoside Re's content 0.72%,
Ginsenoside Rb1Content 3.98% and ginsenoside Rd's content 0.57%, Rg1+Rb1+R1Three kinds of saponin(es and 11.30%.
The invention is simple and feasible, changes tradition and chops at a tree and (do furrow wooden fork and cool canopy) and a large amount of applying pesticides, chemical fertilizer kind Radix Notoginseng
Mode, be conducive to reinforce forest and ecological environmental protection seven agricultures to be facilitated to adjust screening outside canopy by building bamboo Small plastic shed
Screened postive controls epidemic disaster in canopy, cooperates a whole set of plantation field management, is able to satisfy the growth characteristics of Radix Notoginseng, realizes the green of Radix Notoginseng
Plantation increases Radix Notoginseng yield and its total saponin content；It can effectively reduce field root rot, gray mold, black spot, epidemic disease and root knot
The incidence of insect disease such as nematode reduce 80% or more applications of pesticide amount, 50% or more chemical fertilizer amount of application are reduced, thus substantially
Reduce agriculture chemical use cost, realize that the chemical fertilizer pesticide of notoginseng planting subtracts and apply synergy, reduce pseudo-ginseng heavy metal and
Pesticide residual contamination；It is planted using the method for the present invention, 700~900 kilograms of fresh goods (band clip and rib), dry product can be received per acre
180~230 kilograms of (band clip and rib)；The Radix Notoginseng planted out using the method for the present invention, root is cylindrical, dry product main root epidermis
Tight thin, top band is close and deep, and matter is solid, section celadon or blackish green, the dense bitter of gas and return sweet；Arasaponin is far high
In 5% standard of pharmacopeia.
Finally, it is stated that preferred embodiment above is only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and not to limit it, although logical
It crosses above preferred embodiment the present invention is described in detail, however, those skilled in the art should understand that, can be
Various changes are made to it in form and in details, without departing from claims of the present invention limited range.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of ecology planting method of Radix Notoginseng, it is characterised in that: specific steps are as follows:
1) nonirrigated farmland, the forest land that selection of land site preparation: selecting weather and geographical conditions region is suitable for, plantation plot require row, filling conveniently, kind
The Radix Notoginseng interval time limit is planted at 10 years or more, and the soil texture is loose, and ventilative draining；1 half a month is to planting site before notoginseng planting
It carries out ploughing deeply a heatable brick bed solarization, after a heatable brick bed shines 20 days, 1500 kilograms of 30-50 kilograms of liming nitrogen and decomposed cattle and sheep excrement, then use rotation per acre
Ridge soil, lime nitrogen, decomposed cattle and sheep excrement that a heatable brick bed shines are carried out sufficiently broken and turned over uniformly by the machine of ploughing, and are carried out with film overburden soil face
Soil disinfection disinfection, it is ventilated to take off film after 15 days, and turned over one time with rotary cultivator again, and sunning carries out trench digging reason furrow after 1 week；
2) trench digging reason furrow: inclined slope aspect carries out trench digging reason furrow, wide 120 ~ 140 cm of furrow face, wide 30 ~ 40 cm in furrow ditch, wide under furrow ditch
20 ~ 25cm, 25 cm of ditch depth, long 15 ~ 20 m of furrow, and hold traverse furrow successfully；Furrow ditch in furrow face spreads fertilizer over the fields one layer of calcium magnesium phosphate and boron after holding successfully
Sand, amount of application per acre are respectively 150 kilograms and 0.5 kilogram, then by leveling are in watt antiform, trench digging reason furrow early January into
Row；
3) Radix Notoginseng is colonized: horizontal excavations of vertical kind of planting-line of notoginseng planting furrow face plants planting ditch, 4 ~ 5 cm of ditch depth, according to 10 cm ×
14cm ~ 10 cm × 15cm seeding row spacing carries out the field planting of panax notoginseng item, and mu is colonized 2.5 ten thousand ~ 30,000 plants；
4) canopy is built in piling: squeezing into 70 ㎝ of a root long, thick 3 ~ 4 ㎝ every 100 ~ 120 cm distances on the furrow face both sides for being colonized Radix Notoginseng
2 ㎝ of timber or diameter coating steel pipe, driving depth is 28 ~ 30 ㎝, and the stake on furrow face both sides needs to be aligned, then with long 270 ㎝
Thick bamboo cane or batten build arched shed, it is 20 ~ 25 ㎝ that bamboo cane bundlees length in stake, high 100 ~ 110 ㎝ of arched shed, arched shed build up after
Center top, which adds, ties up the fixed arched shed of a root long cross bar, and sets up equipment of sprinkler irrigation；
5) cover square film: cover square film in early or mid Febuary, first on arched shed 300 ㎝ of cover width, sunshade rate 90% the
One layer of sunshade net, then on first layer sunshade net 200 ㎝ of cover width second layer plastic film, it is finally thin in second layer plastics
The third layer sunshade net of 200 ㎝ of cover width on film, sunshade rate 75%；
6) field management: during which the Radix Notoginseng field planting time limit 2 ~ 3 years carries out stringent field management every year；
7) Radix Notoginseng is excavated: notoginseng planting is excavated in third year 9 ~ October, excavates first 20 days dismounting furrow face arched sheds, carries out field
Between put sun, put rain and dew, select fine day to excavate in order, excavated Radix Notoginseng in field and dried half a day, trembled except soil, transport to processing space
Ground stalk is wiped out on ground, and underground stalk and underground rhizome are separately carried out dry processing.
2. a kind of ecology planting method of Radix Notoginseng according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step 3), Radix Notoginseng field planting
It is preceding that panax notoginseng item is sterilized with Sandofan, when field planting, all panax notoginseng bud head inclined slope aspects upward root downward, with furrow ditch soil by three
Seven sub- item coverings, cover one layer of pine needle, then water, soil moisture control is 25% or more, finally in pine in furrow face after being colonized
One layer of white mulch is covered on needle, and the black mulch film of one layer of 80cm wide is covered in furrow ditch.
3. a kind of ecology planting method of Radix Notoginseng according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step 5), first layer is hidden
Screened postive is fixed on arched shed and stake by cloth, the first layer sunshade net of the activity adjustment of 50 ㎝ long is respectively stayed on two skirt piles, with pressure
Second layer plastic film and third layer sunshade net are fixed on arched shed by film line, and second layer plastic film and third layer is kept to hide
The movable adjusting of screened postive.
4. a kind of ecology planting method of Radix Notoginseng according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the concrete operations of step 6) walk
Suddenly are as follows:
1. taking off film emergence: mid or late March starts arched shed both sides sunshade net when furrow face Radix Notoginseng emergence rate reaches 90% or more, will
The mulch of furrow face covering removes in time, in time puts down arched shed both sides sunshade net after having taken off mulch；
2. weeding out the rank grass: after Radix Notoginseng emergence, manually pulling out weeds in field；
3. irrigation and drainage: when the arid of field, being sprayed by equipment of sprinkler irrigation, keep field soil moisture 18% ~ 21%, rainy season
When, drain ditch in the field is cleared up, prevention waterlogging drainage works are carried out；
4. cool canopy is adjusted: arched shed both sides sunshade net being put down sunshade when fine day, arched shed intermediate second layer plastic film is packed up logical
Wind is ventilative, reduces temperature of shed；Rainy days both sides sunshade net is started it is ventilated, by arched shed intermediate second layer plastic film lid
Good rain-proof simultaneously guarantees that furrow face loosing soil is ventilative；
5. extracing bud: 7-8 month Radix Notoginseng squaring period selects fine day to extract bud；
6. fertilising: respectively imposing a compound potassium nitrate fertilizer in the first tenday period of a month in May, mid-July and mid-September respectively, the amount of imposing is 8 ~ 15
Kg/mu, and 3 800 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphates and borax are sprayed in 7,8, September；
7. pest and disease damage prevention and control: according to insect pest type use in time insect prevention plate, black light lamp, gyplure and manually slaughter physical method and
Biological pesticide carrys out integrated control, and carries out field rat plague control；
8. cutting stalk to pass the winter: at the beginning of plantation current year and 1 month mid or late December to the next year of second year, sunshade net on arched shed and plastics is thin
Film is packed up, and is carefully cut off to take to outside field by field Radix Notoginseng ground stalk with scissors and be destroyed, furrow face is exposed to the sun in the sun 10 days, so
The garden Hou Quan sprinkles profoundly water, and furrow face sprays Bordeaux mixture sterilizing, and covers one layer of mulch film moisture-keeping heat preservation, and early Febuary in next year again will
Sunshade net and film cover on arched shed.
5. a kind of ecology planting method of Radix Notoginseng according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: in 4. operation, rainy days
It is 30 ~ 50cm that both sides sunshade net, which starts height,.
6. a kind of ecology planting method of Radix Notoginseng according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: in 6. operation, when top dressing
It avoids fertilizer from being sticked on blade, and need to spray water in time.
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