Pseudo-ginseng planting process in Sichuan basin area with altitude of 200-800 m in hilly area
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a pseudo-ginseng planting process in a Sichuan basin at a hilly area with an altitude of 200-800 m.
Background
Pseudo-ginseng (Panax notoginseng, burk.) F.H.Chen, also known as pseudo-ginseng, stephania delavayi Diels and the like, is a plant of Panax in Araliaceae, is an important Chinese medicinal material which is a special local product in southwest areas of China, is one of the earliest medicinal and edible plants of China, and has a long utilization history and traditional experience. At present, more than 90% of the yield of the domestic pseudo-ginseng planting industry comes from wenshan state in Yunnan province. Since ancient times, panax notoginseng was combined with Panax ginseng and called "the most precious of the drugs". Its rhizome is short, fleshy root is cylindrical, palmate and compound leaf, umbrella-shaped inflorescence is terminal, flower yellow green, calyx cup-shaped, and is mainly distributed in Yunnan, guangxi, jiangxi, sichuan and other places.
With the development of science and technology, the chemical components and physiological functions of notoginseng are continuously elucidated. Modern scientific research shows that the pseudo-ginseng has remarkable prevention and treatment effects on diseases of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems, blood circulation systems, nervous systems, digestive systems, urinary systems, endocrine systems, immune systems and the like. Has hemostatic, blood circulation promoting, antithrombotic, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia resisting, senile dementia resisting, anticancer, antishock, antifatigue, radioprotective, healing wound and bone setting effects; can be used for treating coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, cancer, liver disease, diabetes, digestive system diseases, respiratory diseases, gynecological diseases, prostatosis, and diseases of five sense organs. Meanwhile, the health care tea has great potential in developing functional health care food for resisting three highs, aging, senile dementia, diabetes, nourishing, building body, losing weight and regulating immunity, functional skin care products and cosmetics, toothpaste, perfumed soap, shampoo and the like.
Pseudo-ginseng planting has strong continuous cropping obstacles, and the land parcel in which pseudo-ginseng is planted is not suitable for planting pseudo-ginseng again after a long period of time. Due to the existence of continuous cropping obstacles, the planting mode of the pseudo-ginseng is a gradually migrating intertillage mode. Due to the planting for hundreds of years, land resources suitable for large-scale planting of pseudo-ginseng in the original production area are gradually consumed. At present, seven gardens of an original place are moved to deep mountainous areas with inconvenient traffic for searching for lands in large quantity. Due to the long-term planting of the pseudo-ginseng, the trends of pest and disease damage accumulation, production cost increase, product quality reduction and land resource scarcity of the pseudo-ginseng are more and more severe.
Therefore, the search for suitable land resources for pseudo-ginseng planting is urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a pseudo-ginseng planting process in a hilly area with the altitude of 200-800 m in a Sichuan basin, so as to solve the technical problem of shortage of pseudo-ginseng planting land resources in the related technology.
The invention provides a pseudo-ginseng planting process in a hilly area with an altitude of 200-800 m in a Sichuan basin, which comprises the following steps:
selecting and finishing land: selecting a standard land block on a hilly mountain with the altitude of 200-800 m in the Sichuan basin, and digging independent closed-loop side ditches around the standard land block for later use; wherein the inclination of the standard land is 2-30 degrees, and the standard land is an integral land with the area of 2-30 mu.
Optionally, the pseudo-ginseng planting process further comprises standardized gardening:
standard plots are subjected to standardized gardening by using plastic stand columns, the warp-wise interval and the weft-wise interval of each stand column are both 1.8m, the width of each square is 1.45m, and 216 stand columns are arranged in each mu of standard plots;
a plastic iron wire net is selected as a peripheral enclosing net, 2 layers of 2-needle nets or 2 layers of 1/3 water drop nets are selected as top sunshade nets, galvanized iron wires are selected as pile pulling iron wires, and galvanized iron wires are selected as shed top iron wires.
Optionally, the stand is the PVC inlet tube, the wall thickness of inlet tube is 2.5mm, and the diameter is 50mm, and length is 2.5m.
Optionally, each top part close to the upright is provided with a pair of through holes, the pair of through holes are used for binding the shed roof iron wires, and the shed roof iron wires are arranged in a shape like a Chinese character 'mi'.
Optionally, the pseudo-ginseng planting process further comprises the step of arranging a micro-spray irrigation system:
216 atomizing micro-nozzles and accessories are arranged at intervals on each mu of standard land to serve as the micro-spraying irrigation system for the standardized gardening.
Optionally, both the primary water delivery pipe and the secondary water delivery pipe in the micro-spraying system are made of PE, the diameter of the primary water delivery pipe is 20mm, and the diameter of the secondary water delivery pipe is 50mm;
the diameter of the water outlet pipe of the electric water pump is 50mm.
For example, but not limited to, one end of the primary water pipe is communicated with the atomizing micro-spray head, and the other end of the primary water pipe is communicated with the secondary water pipe. The electric water pump is arranged on the secondary water pipe, the secondary water pipe is communicated with a water source, and the electric water pump provides driving force for the micro-spray pipe system.
Optionally, the standard plot has a soil type of one of a purple soil type, a sandy soil type, or a muddy soil type.
Optionally, the closed-loop side ditch has a ditch depth of 35-45 cm, a ditch bottom width of 30-40 cm and a ditch top width of 45-55 cm.
Optionally, the pseudo-ginseng planting process further comprises:
planting pseudo-ginseng seedlings;
managing the field;
and (6) harvesting and storing.
Optionally, the planting density of the pseudo-ginseng seedlings is 4000 to 45000 plants/mu.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
in the technology of the invention, by selecting the hilly area with the altitude of 200-800 meters, the narrow area range of high altitude and low altitude which is required to be selected for the traditional pseudo-ginseng planting is broken, the historical problem of leaving scarce land resources related to the pseudo-ginseng planting industry is effectively solved, and the planting range of the pseudo-ginseng is expanded. Specifically, the method selects a hilly area with the altitude of 200-800 m and the slope of 2-30 degrees in the Sichuan basin, and is intended to plant pseudo-ginseng. According to the growth characteristics and the growth period of the pseudo-ginseng in the Sichuan basin, a field management mode is reasonably arranged, sufficient nutrients and proper management and protection are provided for the growth of the pseudo-ginseng under the condition of ensuring the normal growth of the pseudo-ginseng, and the low-cost, high-quality and high-yield planting of the pseudo-ginseng is realized; and the whole planting process has high standardization degree, strong technical stability and strong operability.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention are further described below with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the invention.
The invention provides a pseudo-ginseng planting process in a hilly area with an altitude of 200-800 m in a Sichuan basin, which comprises the following steps:
selecting and finishing land: selecting a standard land parcel in a hilly mountain land with the altitude of 200-800 m in the Sichuan basin, and digging independent closed-loop side ditches around the standard land parcel for later use; wherein the inclination of the standard land is 2-30 degrees, and the standard land is an integral land with the area of 2-30 mu.
Optionally, the pseudo-ginseng planting process further comprises standardized gardening:
standard plots are subjected to standardized gardening by using plastic stand columns, the warp-wise interval and the weft-wise interval of each stand column are both 1.8m, the width of each square is 1.45m, and 216 stand columns are arranged in each mu of standard plots;
the plastic wire netting is selected as a peripheral enclosing net, 2 layers of 2-needle nets or 2 layers of 1/3 water drop nets are selected as top sunshade nets, galvanized iron wires are selected as pile pulling iron wires, and galvanized iron wires are selected as shed top iron wires.
Optionally, the stand is the PVC inlet tube, the wall thickness of inlet tube is 2.5mm, and the diameter is 50mm, and length is 2.5m.
Optionally, each top portion that is close to the stand is equipped with to the perforation, to the perforation be used for tying the canopy top iron wire, the canopy top iron wire is the setting of rice style of calligraphy.
Optionally, the pseudo-ginseng planting process further comprises the step of arranging a micro-spray irrigation system:
216 atomizing micro-spray nozzles and auxiliary accessories are arranged at intervals on each mu of standard land to serve as the micro-spray irrigation system for the standardized gardening.
Optionally, a first-stage water delivery pipe and a second-stage water delivery pipe in the micro-spraying system are both made of PE materials, the diameter of the first-stage water delivery pipe is 20mm, and the diameter of the second-stage water delivery pipe is 50mm;
the diameter of the water outlet pipe of the electric water pump is 50mm.
Optionally, the standard plot has a soil type of one of a purple soil type, a sandy soil type, or a muddy soil type. For example, but not limiting of, the soil type of the standard block is a purple soil type.
Optionally, the closed-loop side ditch has a ditch depth of 35-45 cm, a ditch bottom width of 30-40 cm and a ditch top width of 45-55 cm. For example, but not limiting of, the closed-loop gutter has a trench depth of 40cm, a trench bottom width of 35cm, and a trench top width of 50cm.
Optionally, the pseudo-ginseng planting process further comprises:
planting pseudo-ginseng seedlings;
field management;
and (4) harvesting and storing.
Optionally, the planting density of the pseudo-ginseng seedlings is 4000 to 45000 plants/mu. It is understood that the selection of the planting density of the panax notoginseng seedlings depends on the desired grade of the panax notoginseng drug. The planting density of standard land blocks per mu needs to be properly reduced when high-grade ginseng is planted, and the planting density is 4000-8000 plants per mu generally. For planting panax notoginseng which is a raw material in the pharmaceutical industry, the planting density of each mu of standard land needs to be properly increased, and 25000-45000 plants per mu is generally suitable.
And (3) field management mode: in the half month after the field planting of the panax notoginseng seedlings, the soil humidity in a standardized garden needs to be kept at 20-40% of the soil moisture saturation, the air humidity is kept at 75-85%, and the light transmittance of a ridge field is kept at 60-70%; after half a month of field planting of pseudo-ginseng seedlings to 4 months before, the soil humidity in a standardized garden needs to be kept at 20-25% of the soil moisture saturation, the air humidity is kept at 75-80%, and the light transmittance of a ridge field is kept at 65-75%; for 5-10 months, the soil humidity in the standardized garden needs to be kept at 25-30% of the soil moisture saturation, the air humidity is kept at 60-70%, and the light transmittance of the ridge field needs to be kept at 45-55%; for 10-12 months, the soil humidity in the standardized garden needs to be kept at 20-25% of the soil moisture saturation, the air humidity is kept at 75-80%, and the light transmittance of the ridge fields is kept at 60-70%; the subsequent field management refers to the management of the corresponding month in the year, and is not described in detail herein.
A fertilization management mode: before the emergence of seedlings of the pseudo-ginseng (about 3 months and 1 day), fertilizing once by using 25 kilograms of compound fertilizer with the NPK =15 standard per mu of land; when seedlings emerge and leaves are spread in 4 months of each year, fertilizing once by using 10 kilograms of urea for each mu of land; after 20 days in 9 months and summer, the method enters a rapid growth period, and 15 kilograms of compound fertilizer with the dosage of NPK = 15.
Pesticide management mode: the pesticide is reasonably used in a small amount, the use of the pesticide with high toxicity and difficult degradation is reduced, the pesticide and heavy metal residues are reduced, and the quality of the medicinal materials is improved. It is emphasized that the use of bulking agents is strictly prohibited in the pseudo-ginseng planting process according to the present invention.
The panax notoginseng is a shade-like herbaceous plant with strong light; prefers warm and aversion to cold, and does not resist high temperature; the Chinese medicinal herb is one of the most difficult varieties to be planted in Chinese medicinal herb planting varieties because of the fear of dampness and waterlogging and the intolerance of drought. The traditional pseudo-ginseng planting process generally considers that the altitude is 1400-1800 m, and the pseudo-ginseng is suitable for being planted in a tropical plateau area of south Asia near the line of return to north; and for the areas with the elevation lower than 1000 meters, higher than 2500 meters or other dimensions, the large-scale planting of the pseudo-ginseng is not suitable. Therefore, compared with the traditional process, the pseudo-ginseng planting process provided by the invention is a large-scale pseudo-ginseng planting process developed in a hilly area with the altitude of 200-800 m in the Sichuan basin for the first time, the barrier of the pseudo-ginseng planting technology is overcome in a breakthrough manner, the large-scale mass production of the pseudo-ginseng planting technology and the pseudo-ginseng planting process in the high-altitude and low-altitude Sichuan basin is effectively expanded, and the regional selection of pseudo-ginseng planting is widened. And has important referential significance for establishing an environment-friendly novel panax notoginseng standard planting mode and promoting the sustainable development of the panax notoginseng industry.
Moreover, based on the pseudo-ginseng planting process provided by the invention, a field management mode is reasonably arranged according to the growth characteristics and the period of pseudo-ginseng in the Sichuan basin, so that sufficient nutrients and proper management and protection are provided for the growth of pseudo-ginseng under the condition of ensuring the normal growth of pseudo-ginseng; the per mu yield of the planted panax notoginseng can reach 120-200 Kg, which is much higher than the per mu yield of the traditional panax notoginseng.
At present, the novel pseudo-ginseng planting process related in the invention is popularized in areas such as Langzhong city, lezhi county, pengxi county, daying county, flood shooting city, mianzhu city, santai county, zhongjiang county, gaoying district, tong nan district, rongchang district and the like, and the annual output value of the pseudo-ginseng planting industry is more than 1.6 hundred million yuan.
Finally, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.