CN1057455A - 由二氯代琥珀酸二烷基酯制备吡啶-2,3-二羧酸二烷基酯及其衍生物的方法 - Google Patents

由二氯代琥珀酸二烷基酯制备吡啶-2,3-二羧酸二烷基酯及其衍生物的方法 Download PDF

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CN1057455A
CN1057455A CN91103904A CN91103904A CN1057455A CN 1057455 A CN1057455 A CN 1057455A CN 91103904 A CN91103904 A CN 91103904A CN 91103904 A CN91103904 A CN 91103904A CN 1057455 A CN1057455 A CN 1057455A
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dicarboxylic acid
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pyridine
pyridine dicarboxylic
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艾伯特·安东尼·塞瓦斯科
乔治·阿内罗·基亚雷罗
威廉·弗雷德里克·里克尔
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Wyeth Holdings LLC
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    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D213/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/60Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D213/78Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
    • C07D213/79Acids; Esters
    • C07D213/80Acids; Esters in position 3

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Abstract

提供一种由二氯代琥珀酸二烷基酯与脱卤化氧 剂,一种氨源和一种适当取代的α,β-不饱和醛或酮 反应制备取代或无取代-2,3-吡啶二羧酸酯的方 法。

Description

本发明的目的是提供一种用二氯代琥珀酸二烷基酯,脱卤化氢剂,氨源和适当取代的α,β-不饱和醛或酮制备取代或无取代-2,3-吡啶二羧酸酯的高效而实际的方法。
在此描述的本发明涉及一种新的制备具有结构式Ⅰ的取代或无取代-2,3-吡啶二羧酸酯的方法,
Figure 91103904X_IMG4
其中R为C1-C6的烷基;X和Z分别是氢,卤素,C1-C4的烷基,C1-C4的烷氧基或C2-C5的烯基;Y是氢,卤素,被也可不被1-3个卤素,羟基,C1-C4的烷氧基或C1-C4的烷硫基取代的C1-C6的烷基,C1-C4的烷氧基羰基,氨基羰基,苯基,取代苯基,苯氧基,取代苯氧基,苯硫基或取代苯硫基。具有结构式Ⅰ的化合物为对制备有除草作用的2-(2-咪唑啉-2-基)烟酸酯的有用的中间体。制备所述除草性烟酸酯的方法在美国专利第4,758,667号有所描述,如下所示,
Figure 91103904X_IMG5
其中,R1是氢或C1-C4的烷基;R2是H,卤素,C1-C4的烷基,C3-C6的环烷基,或者R1和R2在一起为一可有可无甲基取代的C3-C6的环烷基;X,Y和Z同结构式Ⅰ中的描述相同。
现已发现具有结构式Ⅰ的吡啶-2,3-二羧酸酯可以高效而实际地从具有结构式Ⅱ的二氯代琥珀酸二烷基酯制备,通过将所述琥珀酸酯与至少等摩尔数的脱卤化氢剂,如乙酸铵或三烷基胺,在一溶剂,如低级烷基醇存在下反应,形成一中间体,将该中间体与氨源在可有可无升温条件下反应,形成第二中间体,将该第二中间体与至少等摩尔数的具有结构式Ⅲ的α,β-不饱和醛或酮,其中X,Y和Z同前结构式Ⅰ的描述相同,在一种酸,如甲酸或乙酸等存在条件下反应。过程如下所示,
Figure 91103904X_IMG6
适合用于本发明方法中的脱卤化氢剂是那些也可用作氨源的,如乙酸铵,碳酸铵,氨基甲酸铵,氨基磺酸铵等等。其它还有一些试剂也适用,如三烷基胺,吡啶类,甲基吡啶类,季铵盐类,如卤代四烷基铵等。当然,除了上面提到的氨源外,氨本身也可用于本发明的方法中。
在本发明的一实施例中,所用溶剂可以是一种极性溶剂,如醇类,腈类,如乙腈,羧酸酰胺类,如N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,N-甲基吡咯烷酮,亚砜类,如二甲基亚砜,砜类等等。
适用于本发明方法中的具有结构式Ⅲ的α,β-不饱和醛或酮是丙烯醛,异丁烯醛,2-乙基丙烯醛,巴豆醛,甲基乙烯基酮,α-正-丁基丙烯醛,4-甲基-2-己醛,α-甲氧基异丁烯醛,α-氯代异丁烯醛,α-三氟代异丁烯醛,肉桂醛,α-乙氧基丙烯醛,α-甲酰丙烯酸甲酯,α-(2-腈乙基)丙烯醛等等。
在本发明的另一实施例中,反应混合物包括前面形成的第二中间体和具有结构式Ⅲ的α,β-不饱和醛或酮,可用一种脱氢催化剂处理,诸如这方面常规用的,包括铂,钯,钌,铱,镍,铁,铜,锑,钴,铑等的金属,或其化合物。脱氢催化剂通常是以具有脱氢作用的金属或其化合物沉积在合适的载体上,如氧化铝,碳,粘土,沸石,氧化铬,氧化锆等等。
应用本发明的方法时,具有4,5和6位取代基的吡啶-2,3-二羧酸酯可以方便地通过在适当的溶剂中将具有结构式Ⅱ的二氯代琥珀酸二烷基酯与至少等摩尔数的脱卤化氢剂掺合制备,可也可不滤除不溶物质,用无水氨处理滤液或未经过滤的反应混合物,可也可不加热该反应混合物直到烯胺中间体的形成完全,可也可不滤去不溶物,向滤液或未过滤的反应混合物加入一种酸,如一种无机酸,硫酸,磷酸,有机酸,如甲酸,乙酸或丙酸等,用至少等摩尔数具有结构式Ⅲ的α,β-不饱和醛或酮处理,加或不加脱卤化氢催化剂,所得反应混合物可加热也可不加热,直到具有结构式Ⅰ的吡啶二羧酸酯的形成完全。
反应完全后,所需吡啶-2,3-羧酸酯可用常规方法分离和提纯,如萃取,蒸镏,重结晶,层析法等等。
烯胺第二中间体和具有结构式Ⅰ的产物的形成速率依赖于反应温度,即通过加热反应混合物到45℃或更高温度,可以有效地缩短反应时间。
为了便于进一步理解本发明,提供下面例子主要是为了说明本发明的某些更具体的细节,本发明并不被视为受其所限,术语1HNMR和IR分别表示质子核磁共振和红外。除非另外说明,所有的量均以重量计。
实例1
用乙酸铵从二氯代琥珀酸二乙酯制备5-乙基-2,3-吡啶二羧酸二乙酯。
在无水乙醇中的二氯代琥珀酸二乙酯(12.2g,0.05mol)和乙酸铵(15.4g,0.20mol)搅拌混合物,在60℃加热6小时,冷却至20℃,用过量的无水氨处理(5.0g0.29mol),在60℃加热4 1/2 小时,部分镏除过量的氨,冷却至30℃,过滤。用乙醇洗涤滤块,合并滤液并在真空下浓缩。在这样浓缩的反应溶液中加入乙酸,在70℃1 1/2 小时内滴加2-乙基丙烯醛的乙醇溶液,在70℃继续加热4小时(直到用气相色谱分析出反应完全为止),并在真空下浓缩得到粗的油状残留物。将该油状物蒸镏得标题产物为褐色油状物,沸点151-152℃(2mmHg)。
实例2
用三乙胺从二氯代琥珀酸二乙酯制备5-乙基-2,3-吡啶二羧酸二乙酯
在5分钟内往二氯代琥珀酸二乙酯(24.6g,0.10mol)的乙醇溶液中加入三乙胺(12.2g,0.12mol),在室温搅拌12小时,在20℃用无水氨(7.3g,0.43mol)处理,在45-50℃加热3小时,过滤。用乙醇洗涤滤块,合并滤液并真空浓缩以除去溶剂和过量氨。所得粘稠油状物用乙醇和乙酸稀释,加入2-乙基丙烯醛(19.5g,0.232mol),在70℃加热6小时,再在60℃真空蒸镏以除去溶剂。将所得锅中液体溶于甲苯中,水洗,真空浓缩得到粗油状残留物。将油状物真空蒸镏得标题产物为褐色油状物,沸点151-152℃(2mmHg)。
实例3
从二氯代琥珀酸二烷基酯制备取代-2,3-吡啶二羧酸二烷基酯
用与实例2所述基本相同的步骤,换用适当的二氯代琥珀酸二烷基酯和合适的α,β-不饱和醛,得如下具有结构式Ⅰ的吡啶二羧酸酯。
Figure 91103904X_IMG7
X  Y  Z  R
H CH3H C2H5
H CH2OCH3H CH3
H CH2Cl H C2H5
H H H C2H5
上述化合物是用1HNMR和IR光谱分析法鉴定的。

Claims (7)

1、一种制备以结构式Ⅰ为特征的化合物的方法,
Figure 91103904X_IMG1
其中R是C1-C6的烷基;X和Z分别是氢,卤素,C1-C4的烷基,C1-C4的烷氧基或C2-C5的烯基;Y是氢,卤素,被也可不被1到3个卤素,羟基,C1-C4的烷氧基或C1-C4的烷硫基取代的C1-C6的烷基,C1-C4的烷氧羰基,氨基羰基,苯硫基,取代苯硫基,苯氧基,取代苯氧基,苯基或取代苯基,其特征在于包括具有结构式Ⅱ的二氯代琥珀酸二烷基酯,
其中R是C1-C6的烷基,与脱卤化氢剂在溶剂存在下反应形成第一中间体,该第一中间体与氨源反应形成第二中间体,该第二中间体与具有结构式Ⅲ的α,β-不饱和醛或酮,
其中X、Y和Z如前所述,及酸在溶剂存在下反应,形成具有结构式Ⅰ的吡啶二羧酸酯化合物。
2、如权利要求1的制备以结构式Ⅰ为特征的吡啶二羧酸酯的方法,其特征在于X和Z是氢,Y是氢,卤素或被也可不被1至3个卤素、C1-C4的烷氧基或C1-C4的烷硫基取代的C1-C4的烷基。
3、如权利要求1的方法,其特征在于脱卤化氢剂是一种铵盐,溶剂是一种极性溶剂,酸是乙酸,第二中间体是在45℃或更高温度下形成的。
4、如权利要求1的方法,其特征在于具有结构式Ⅰ的吡啶二羧酸酯化合物是在45℃或更高温度下形成的。
5、如权利要求1的方法,其特征在于具有结构式Ⅲ的α,β-不饱和醛或酮的存在量为至少1摩尔当量。
6、如权利要求2所述方法,其特征在于制得的具有结构式Ⅰ的化合物是选自由下列组成的一组物质,吡啶-2,3-二羧酸二烷基酯,5-甲基-2,3-吡啶二羧酸二烷基酯,5-乙基-2,3-吡啶二羧酸二烷基酯,5-(甲氧基甲基)-2,3-吡啶二羧酸二烷基酯和5-(氯代甲基)-2,3-吡啶二羧酸二烷基酯。
7、如权利要求6所述方法,其特征在于制得的具有结构式Ⅰ的化合物是选自由下列组成的一组物质,吡啶-2,3-二羧酸二乙酯,5-甲基-2,3-吡啶二羧酸二乙酯,5-乙基-2,3-吡啶二羧酸二乙酯,5-(甲氧基甲基)-2,3-吡啶二羧酸二乙酯和5-(氯代甲基)-2,3-吡啶二羧酸二乙酯。
CN91103904A 1990-06-15 1991-06-05 二氯代琥珀酸二烷基酯制备吡啶-2,3-二羧酸二烷基酯的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1038414C (zh)

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ES2091260T3 (es) 1996-11-01
HUT57724A (en) 1991-12-30
BR9102467A (pt) 1992-01-21
KR920000722A (ko) 1992-01-29
JPH04230261A (ja) 1992-08-19
DE69121639T2 (de) 1997-02-06
FI912894A (fi) 1991-12-16
IL98126A (en) 1995-05-26
GR3020896T3 (en) 1996-11-30
CA2044498C (en) 2002-06-11
KR100211629B1 (ko) 1999-08-02
FI103883B (fi) 1999-10-15
JP3083348B2 (ja) 2000-09-04
ZA914580B (en) 1992-03-25
DK0461403T3 (da) 1996-09-16
PT97942A (pt) 1992-03-31
PT97942B (pt) 1998-11-30
ATE141916T1 (de) 1996-09-15
CZ282695B6 (cs) 1997-09-17
FI103883B1 (fi) 1999-10-15
CA2044498A1 (en) 1991-12-16
IE912027A1 (en) 1991-12-18
AU7841891A (en) 1991-12-19
DE69121639D1 (de) 1996-10-02
EP0461403B1 (en) 1996-08-28
AR248395A1 (es) 1995-08-18
DE69121639T4 (de) 1998-01-15
IL98126A0 (en) 1992-06-21
IE76729B1 (en) 1997-11-05
EP0461403A1 (en) 1991-12-18
CN1038414C (zh) 1998-05-20
HU211773B (en) 1995-12-28
SG47713A1 (en) 1998-04-17

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