CN1057456A - 由二氯代马来酸二烷基酯制备吡啶-2,3-二羧酸二烷基酯及其衍生物的方法 - Google Patents

由二氯代马来酸二烷基酯制备吡啶-2,3-二羧酸二烷基酯及其衍生物的方法 Download PDF

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CN1057456A
CN1057456A CN91103905A CN91103905A CN1057456A CN 1057456 A CN1057456 A CN 1057456A CN 91103905 A CN91103905 A CN 91103905A CN 91103905 A CN91103905 A CN 91103905A CN 1057456 A CN1057456 A CN 1057456A
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dicarboxylic acid
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艾伯特·安东尼·塞瓦斯科
乔治·阿内罗·基亚雷罗
威廉·弗雷德里克·里克尔
罗伯特·F·德纳·Jr
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Wyeth Holdings LLC
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    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D213/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/60Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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    • C07D213/80Acids; Esters in position 3
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    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
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    • C07C229/02Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C229/30Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and unsaturated

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Abstract

提供一种由二氯马来酸二烷基酯与氨源和适当 取代的α,β-不饱和醛或酮反应制备取代或无取代 -2,3-吡啶二羧酸酯的方法。

Description

吡啶-2,3-二羧酸酯是制造具有高效除草性的2-(2-咪唑啉-2-基)烟酸、酯或盐的有用的中间体。咪唑啉基烟酸酯及其衍生物是施用量低的高效除草剂,显示在主要农作物存在下能选择性地控制害草,并且表现出对哺乳类极低的毒性。
本发明的目的是提供一种用二氯代马来酸二烷基酯、脱卤化氢剂、氨源和适当取代的α、β-不饱和醛或酮制备取代或无取代-2,3-吡啶二羧酸酯的高效而实际的方法。
在此描述的本发明涉及一种新颖的制备具有结构式Ⅰ的取代或无取代-2,3-吡啶二羧酸酯的方法,
Figure 911039058_IMG7
其中,R为C1-C6的烷基;X和Z分别是H,卤素,C1-C4的烷基,C1-C4的烷氧基或C2-C5的烯基;Y是H,卤素,被也可不被1到3个卤素、羟基、C1-C4的烷氧基或C1-C4的烷硫基取代的C1-C6的烷基,C1-C4的烷氧基羰基,氨基羰基,苯基,取代苯基,苯氧基,取代苯氧基,苯硫基或取代苯硫基。具有结构式Ⅰ的化合物是制备具有除草作用的2-(2-咪唑啉-2-基)烟酸酯的有用的中间体。制备该除草性烟酸酯的方法在美国专利4,758,667号中有所描述,如下所示,
Figure 911039058_IMG8
其中,R1是H或C1-C4的烷基;R2是H,卤素,C1-C4的烷基,C3-C6的环烷基或者R1和R2在一起成为一有或无甲基取代的C3-C6的环烷基,X、Y和Z与对结构式Ⅰ中的描述相同。
现已发现具有结构式Ⅰ的吡啶-2,3-二羧酸酯可以从具有结构式Ⅱ的二氯代马来酸二烷基酯,通过将所述马来酸酯与氨源,在溶剂,如低级烷基醇存在下反应,形成一种烯胺中间体,将该中间体与至少等摩尔数的具有结构式Ⅲ的α,β-不饱和醛或酮,其中X、Y和Z与前结构式Ⅰ所述相同,在一种酸,如乙酸存在下反应。过程如流程Ⅰ所示。
流程  Ⅰ
Figure 911039058_IMG9
氨源可以包括有机铵盐,如乙酸铵,丙酸铵等无机铵盐,如硫酸铵,碳酸铵,氨基甲酸铵,氨基磺酸铵等,季铵盐,如卤化四烷基铵,硫酸四烷基铵等。当然,在本发明的方法中,氨本身也可以用作氨源。
本发明的方法中适合使用的溶剂是极性溶剂,如醇类,腈类,如乙腈,羧酸酰胺类,如N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,N-甲基吡咯烷酮,亚砜类,如二甲基亚砜,砜类等等。
可以用于本发明的方法中的具有结构式Ⅲ的α,β-不饱和醛或酮是丙烯醛、异丁烯醛、2-乙基丙烯醛、巴豆醛、甲基乙烯基酮,α-正丁基丙烯醛、4-甲基-2-己醛、α-甲氧基异丁烯醛、α-氯代异丁烯醛、α-三氟代异丁烯醛、肉桂醛、α-乙氧基丙烯醛、α-甲酰丙烯酸甲酯、α-(2-腈乙基)丙烯醛等等。
这样,具有4,5和6位取代的吡啶-2,3-二羧酸酯可以方便地通过在适当的溶剂中掺合具有结构式Ⅱ的二烷基二氯代马来酸酯与氨源来制备,可也可不加热该混合物,直到反应基本完全,可也可不过滤反应混合物,向滤液或未过滤的反应混合物加入酸,如无机酸,硫酸,磷酸,有机酸,如乙酸或丙酸等等,使pH值至少降到4,加入至少等摩尔数的具有结构式Ⅲ的α,β-不饱和醛或酮,可也可不加热所得反应混合物直到具有结构式Ⅰ的吡啶二羧酸酯形成完全。反应产物可用标准纯化技术分离,如分馏,重结晶,萃取,液相色谱等等。
烯胺中间体和具有结构式Ⅰ的吡啶二羧酸酯的形成速率依赖于温度,即通过加热反应混合物到45℃或更高温度,可以有效地缩短反应时间。
在本发明的一实施例中,烯胺中间体可以在与具有结构式Ⅲ的α,β-不饱和醛或酮反应之前预先制备并分离,然后再与具有结构式Ⅲ的化合物反应得到具有结构式Ⅰ的吡啶-2,3-二羧酸酯。例如,在极性溶剂及加热条件下,氯代草酰乙酸二烷基酯可与至少等摩尔数的氨基磺酸铵反应制得所期望的具有结构式Ⅳ的烯胺化合物。反应如流程Ⅱ所示,其中R是C1-C6的烷基。
流程  Ⅱ
Figure 911039058_IMG10
在溶剂存、有或无酸存在条件下,具有结构式Ⅳ的烯胺化合物与至少等摩尔数的α,β-不饱和醛或酮反应制得所期望的具有结构式Ⅰ的吡啶二羧酸酯。反应如流程Ⅲ所示:
流程  Ⅲ
Figure 911039058_IMG11
适用的溶剂如以上对流程Ⅰ所述的相同。通过将反应混合物加热到45℃或更高温度,可以有效地缩短反应时间。
为了便于进一步理解本发明,提供下面例子主要是为了说明本发明的某些更具体的细节,本发明并不被视为受其所限。术语1HNMR和IR分别表示质子核磁共振和红外。术语HPLC代表高效液相色谱。除非另外说明,所有的量均以重量计。
实例1
5-乙基-2,3-吡啶二羧酸二乙酯的制备
用总量(5.9克,0.35摩尔)的无水氨处理二氯代马来酸二乙酯(4.78g,0.02mol)的乙醇溶液,加热到50℃直到薄层色谱测出反应完全。过滤反应混合物,用乙酸和2-乙基丙烯醛(4.61g,0.06mol)处理滤液,加热到70℃直到色谱分析结果反应已完全。反应混合物真空浓缩,用二氯甲烷稀释并过滤。滤液分馏得标题产物为褐色油状,沸点151-152℃(2mmHg)。
实例2
取代-2,3-吡啶二羧酸二烷基酯的制备
用与实例1中所述基本相同的步骤,换用适当的α,β-不饱和醛或酮以及二氯代马来酸二烷基酯,得到如下吡啶二羧酸酯。产物用高效液相色谱分离并用1HNMR和IR光谱分析法鉴定。
Figure 911039058_IMG12
X  Y  Z  R
H CH3H C2H5
H CH2OCH3H CH3
H CH2Cl H C2H5
H H H C2H5
实例3
氨基氯代丁烯二酸二乙酯的制备
Figure 911039058_IMG13
在回流温度加热在无水乙醇中的氯代草酰乙酸二乙酯(22.5g,0.10mol)与氨基磺酸铵(34.2g,0.30mol)的混合物16小时,冷却至室温并真空浓缩得残留物。将残留物在乙醚与水中分配。有机相用MgSO4干燥并真空浓缩得油状残留物。经色谱分离(硅胶,己烷/乙醚4∶1为冲洗剂),得标题化合物为灰白色固体,熔点85-86℃。
实例4
5-(甲氧基甲基)-2,3-吡啶二羧酸二乙酯的制备
Figure 911039058_IMG14
2-(甲氧基甲基)丙烯醛(2.65g,0.025mol)的甲醇溶液与氨基氯代丁烯二酸(2.15g,0.010mol)的甲醇溶液同时在1小时内加入到70℃的甲醇与乙酸的混合物中。反应混合物70℃加热16小时,真空蒸馏除去甲醇和乙酸后,得标题产物为树胶状,用HPLC鉴定。
实例5
从氨基氯代丁烯二酸二乙酯制备5-乙基-2,3-吡啶二羧酸二乙酯
Figure 911039058_IMG15
在回流温度下加热在无水乙醇中的氨基氯代丁烯二酸二乙酯(1.1g,5.0mmol)与2-乙基-丙烯醛(0.42g,5.0mmol)的混合物72小时,冷却并真空浓缩得标题产物为树胶状,用1HNMR分析法鉴定。

Claims (6)

1、一种制备以结构式Ⅰ为特征的化合物的方法
其中R是C1-C6的烷基;X和Z分别是氢,卤素,C1-C4的烷基,C1-C4的烷氧基或C2-C5的烯基;Y是氢,卤素,有或无1至3个卤素、羟基、C1-C4的烷氧基或C1-C4的烷硫基取代的C1-C6的烷基,C1-C4的烷氧羰基,氨基羰基,苯硫基,取代苯硫基,苯氧基,取代苯氧基,苯基或取代苯基,其特征在于包括具有结构式Ⅱ的二氯代马来酸二烷基酯,
Figure 911039058_IMG2
其中R是C1-C6的烷基,与氨源在溶剂存在下反应形成烯胺中间体,可滤去也可不滤去不溶物,该中间体与具有结构式Ⅲ的α,β-不饱和醛或酮,
Figure 911039058_IMG3
其中X、Y和Z如前所述,及酸在溶剂存在下反应,形成具有结构式Ⅰ的吡啶二羧酸酯化合物。
2、如权利要求1所述制备具有结构式Ⅰ特征的化合物的方法,其特征在于X和Z是氢,Y是氢,卤素或C1-C6的被也可不被1到3个卤素、C1-C4的烷氧基或C1-C4的烷硫基取代的烷基。
3、如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于制得的具有结构式Ⅰ的化合物是选自由下列组成的一组物质,吡啶-2,3-二羧酸二烷基酯,5-甲基-2,3-吡啶二羧酸二烷基酯,5-乙基-2,3-吡啶二羧酸二烷基酯,5-(甲氧基甲基)-2,3-吡啶二羧酸二烷基酯和5-(氯代甲基)-2,3-吡啶二羧酸二烷基酯。
4、如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于制得的具有结构式Ⅰ的化合物是选自由下列组成的一组物质,吡啶-2,3-二羧酸二乙酯,5-甲基-2,3-吡啶二羧酸二乙酯,5-乙基-2,3-吡啶二羧酸二乙酯,5-(甲氧基甲基)-2,3-吡啶二羧酸二乙酯和5-(氯代甲基)-2,3-吡啶二羧酸二乙酯。
5、一种制备以结构式Ⅰ为特征的化合物的方法,
Figure 911039058_IMG4
其中R是C1-C6的烷基;X和Z分别是氢,卤素,C1-C4的烷基,C1-C4的烷氧基或C2-C5的烯基,Y是氢,卤素,被也可不被1到3个卤素、羟基、C1-C4的烷氧基或C1-C4的烷硫基取代的C1-C6的烷基,C1-C4的烷氧羰基,氨基羰基,苯硫基,取代苯硫基,苯氧基,取代苯氧基,苯基或取代苯基,其特征在于包括将具有结构式Ⅳ的氨基氯代丁烯二酸二烷基酯,
Figure 911039058_IMG5
其中R是C1-C6的烷基,在溶剂存在,有或无酸的条件下与至少等摩尔数的具有结构式Ⅲ的α,β-不饱和醛或酮反应,
其中,X,Y和Z同前所述。
6、如权利要求5所述方法,其特征在于制得的具有结构式Ⅰ的化合物是选自由下列组成的一组物质,吡啶二羧酸二烷基酯,5-乙基-2,3-吡啶羧酸二烷基酯,5-甲基-2,3-吡啶二羧酸二烷基酯,5-(甲氧基甲基)-2,3-吡啶二羧酸酯和5-(氯代甲基)-2,3-吡啶二羧酸酯。
CN91103905A 1990-06-15 1991-06-05 由二氯代马来酸二烷基酯制备吡啶-2,3-二羧酸二烷基酯及其衍生物的方法 Pending CN1057456A (zh)

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CN107759516A (zh) * 2016-08-16 2018-03-06 沈阳化工研究院有限公司 一种烷基醚取代吡啶‑2,3‑二羧酸衍生物的制备方法

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CN107759516A (zh) * 2016-08-16 2018-03-06 沈阳化工研究院有限公司 一种烷基醚取代吡啶‑2,3‑二羧酸衍生物的制备方法
CN107759516B (zh) * 2016-08-16 2021-04-27 沈阳化工研究院有限公司 一种烷基醚取代吡啶-2,3-二羧酸衍生物的制备方法

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BR9102468A (pt) 1992-01-21
HUT58700A (en) 1992-03-30
EP0461401A1 (en) 1991-12-18
CS183491A3 (en) 1992-01-15
IL98125A0 (en) 1992-06-21
HU911984D0 (en) 1991-12-30

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