CN105724205B - A kind of method of water culture - Google Patents

A kind of method of water culture Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105724205B
CN105724205B CN201610079376.5A CN201610079376A CN105724205B CN 105724205 B CN105724205 B CN 105724205B CN 201610079376 A CN201610079376 A CN 201610079376A CN 105724205 B CN105724205 B CN 105724205B
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root
planting stock
acclimation
planting
water
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CN105724205A (en
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宰童童
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of water culture methods, the described method comprises the following steps:1) vegetable seeds is trained planting stock in matrix;2) cleaning planting stock root;3) acclimation is carried out to planting stock, it is made to grow water root;4) mill water culture nutrient solution is used to cultivate the planting stock after acclimation;Wherein, the acclimation is that the root of the planting stock after acclimation is immersed in the aqueous solution of chitin to cultivate 10 20 days.Compared with prior art, the unique acclimation method of use of the invention can lure that planting stock gradually grows the water root of suitable water planting into, therefore, growth that can be more healthy in subsequent mill water culture nutrient solution;The ciltivating process of the present invention is applied widely, and the method that various plants can be through the invention carries out water planting.

Description

A kind of method of water culture
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of plant cultivation, in particular to a kind of method of water culture.
Background technology
Water planting is to use modern biotechnology, with physics, chemistry, biological engineering means, to common plant, flower Grass is tamed.Because carrying and looking after convenient, cheap, clean, floral leaf healthy growth, fish fry can be reached enjoy together picture. So being liked by most people.
The problem of water culture technique generally existing investment at present is greatly, benefit is low, technology requires height, is difficult to promote.And China Market allow people to worry very much.Because there is the presence of false water culture technique, derived from this problem, there are this test intendeds to be spent from vegetable aquaculture A kind of easier, practical, easy to spread vegetable aquaculture flower culture pattern is explored in the nursery of grass, domestication, field planting etc.. Essential variation has occurred when water culture technique introduces China derived from some flourishing western countries in water culture technique.China certain A little businessman, without domestication and biological engineering means, directly save into cleaned plant into the water for interests This, such plant seemed at that time will not be dead, but the leaf of hydroponic plant starts gradually to turn yellow after a few days, finally results in water planting plant Object is slowly die.It is not only not responsible to customer in this way, but also be pernicious to real water planting industry.
For the generation of this phenomenon, the operating method of a set of really suitable hydroponic plant is now had studied.
Invention content
The first object of the present invention is to provide a kind of water culture method, and the method uses unique acclimation hand Section, by using the aqueous solution naturalized plant root system of chitin, makes the planting stock of plant gradually adapt to the environment of mill water culture nutrient solution, The water root with ventilative tissue is grown, followed by using nutrient solution to carry out water planting, is conducive to the healthy growth of plant.
The second object of the present invention is to provide application of the method in plant culture, described to have wide range of applications, Suitable for various types of plant.
In order to realize that the above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, spy use following technical scheme:
One aspect of the present invention is related to a kind of water culture method, the described method comprises the following steps:
1) vegetable seeds is trained planting stock in matrix;
2) cleaning planting stock root;
3) acclimation is carried out to planting stock, it is made to grow water root;
4) mill water culture nutrient solution is used to cultivate the planting stock after acclimation;
Wherein, the acclimation is that the root of the planting stock after acclimation is immersed in the aqueous solution of chitin to cultivate 10-20 days.
The present invention provides a kind of methods of water culture, and compared with prior art, the present invention is using mill water culture nutrient solution Before cultivating planting stock, acclimation first is carried out to planting stock, it is made to grow water root, water root has aerating tissue, Ke Yirang Plant adapts to the aquatic environment with nutrient solution.Therefore, acclimation is conducive to healthy growth of the planting stock in subsequent step.This Outside, method of the invention is relatively simple, and good economy performance is easy to spread.
Preferably, seed is cultivated in the step 1) in matrix, the matrix is seedling nutritious soil, the nursery nutrition The porosity of soil is 50%-70%, pH=6-7.
Preferably, available phosphorus contents are more than 100mg/kg in the matrix, and quick-acting potassium content is more than 100mg/kg, available nitrogen Content is more than 150mg/kg.
Preferably, the concrete operations of the step 2) are, by being placed in clear water for planting stock at all, to stand 7-8 days, gently Rocking makes matrix fall off.
The cleaning of planting stock carries out in being put in the container for fill clear water, first stand 7--8 days or so, after gently shake Make the soil natural being adhered on root system fall off again to rinse entire plant well, soil can't be carried, be first easy pollution Second water quality carries the germs of a disease, easily cause rotten.
According to the different characteristics for the plant cultivated in practical application, it is sometimes desirable to primary of planting stock is trimmed, After trimming, planting stock root is immersed in the thiophanate methyl solution or carbendazim solution of 3%-5% and is sterilized 20-40 minutes, Put again shady place dry it is spare.
Preferably, the detailed process of the acclimation in the step 3) is:Root will be cleaned in the step 2) Planting stock is placed in clear water, and chitin nutrient solution is added into the clear water, cultivates the planting stock 10-20 days.
During domestication root system require unfold, be preferably put into induction pond in growth, unconditional person can also make by oneself tame basin or Case.
Preferably, the aqueous solution of the chitin used in the acclimation is 5% chitin solution dilution Aqueous solution after 300-500 times.
Chitin has following some functions:
1) promote root system.Advance germination of seeds, strength hestening rooting, enhancing plant can be promoted to inhale fertilizer, water suction, drought resisting, resist The ability of lodging, strengthen immunity, robust plant high yield.
2) activating rhizosphere.Chitin can fully activate crop rhizosphere state, digest nutrient molecule, it is molten to quickly form soil Liquid enables the nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium to obtain the sufficiently effective absorption of crop.
3) casing coupling is sturdy.Chitin adjusts development of plants, promotes stem pole shorten, is sturdy vigorous, is conducive to nutrient supply;Chela Trace Elements in Soil is closed, is more easy to absorb for fruit, increases protein, amino acid content, fundamentally improve fruit quality.
4) strong disinfecting.Chitin has the germ on soil, seed an extremely strong killing effect, and inhibit as downy mildew, The development of the harmful fungoids mycelia such as cyst bacterium.
5) enhancing is immune.Chitin is known as " plant vaccine ", and the anti-bacteria and anti-virus ability of crop can be made to significantly increase, changed Become plant growth mechanism, enhances systemic immunity, ensure the healthy growth of plant.
6) improving quality increases yield.Chitin can promote crop yield to improve, and improve crop quality, it is made to restore certainly Right flavor, fruit maturation is full, storage tolerance, while also reducing persticide residue.
Therefore, chitin, which is added, in the present invention during domestication can give full play to the various functions of chitin, and induction is planted Object grows water root and promotes growth.After the completion of domestication, in cultivating process, the content of chitin is still kept in nutrient solution, And add other must component.
Preferably, in the step 3), the planting stock is cultivated 13-17 days.
Preferably, in the step 3), during acclimation, wipe out the planting stock daily rotten, and rinse dry Only.
It needs to handle root during domestication, for certain plants, it is also necessary to trim or remove its shape in the soil At primary.
Preferably, in the step 4), the 1/2 to 3/4 of the root system of the planting stock is immersed in the mill water culture nutrient solution.
Preferably, the plant is herbaceous plant and xylophyta.
Preferably, the plant is tomato, spring plumage or sago cycas.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1) the unique acclimation method of use of the invention, can lure that planting stock gradually grows suitable water planting into Water root simultaneously promotes growth, therefore, the growth that plant can be more healthy in subsequent mill water culture nutrient solution;
(2) ciltivating process of the invention is applied widely, and the method that various plants can be through the invention carries out water Training.
Specific implementation mode
Embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment, but those skilled in the art will Understand, the following example is merely to illustrate the present invention, and is not construed as limiting the scope of the invention.It is not specified in embodiment specific Condition person carries out according to conventional conditions or manufacturer's recommended conditions.Reagents or instruments used without specified manufacturer is The conventional products that can be obtained by commercially available purchase.
Embodiment 1
The water planting of tomato
The herbaceous plant tomato referred to as " set ", the high about 2-2.5m of plant, every plant of 40-50 square metres of tree crown area.At present 1 plant of China, tomato tree annual bearing number is up to 10000.People can't help admiration tomato tree growth ability so unexpectedly, closely The cultivation of tomato tree is quietly risen over year.The cultivation of tomato tree is that the intelligence of facilities environment height and cultivation technique without soil high level are real A kind of integrated technology being combined is applied, is the concentrated reflection of China's economic strength and scientific and technological level, so-called tomato tree is actually It is to be cultivated using common tomato seeds, gains the name at tree-like through special branch-finishing and pruning.Since tomato tree is under controllable environment Can the genetic potential of tomato be changed into productivity to the maximum extent, common similar vegetable crop is excavated for further seeking Productive potentialities have certain theory and realistic meaning.Simultaneously because the novelty of tomato tree growthform, novelty, are allowed into For the fabulous selection project of sightseeing and tour agriculture garden.
Israel's R144 tomato seeds are chosen, is sowed, is seeded in matrix seed plate in late July.Its mesostroma is Seedling nutritious soil, porosity 50%, pH=6, in substrate soil, the available potassium of rapid available phosphorus, 100mg/kg containing 100mg/kg And the available nitrogen of 150mg/kg.
It can be colonized when tomato seedling grows to 5-6 leaves.Matrix tomato seedling takes out from matrix seed plate, places it in and fills clearly In the container of water, keep its stationary, starts lightly to shake plant after 3 days, make its root ground movement, and take off naturally It falls, continues to cultivate, and slowly shake, until soil all falls off naturally, then entire tomato plant rushed into Xian clean, entire cleaning Process is 6 days.
Tomato plant after cleaning is put in the clear water for filling 5% 400 times of dilutions of chitin liquid, root system requires to relax Exhibition, makes it grow naturally 10 days or so, plant will slowly adapt to aquatic growing environment, and grow the aerial root of part.
Nutrient solution is prepared, the root system 2/3 of the tomato planting stock after being tamed using culture solution culture, planting stock immerses nutrient solution In, stay a small amount of root system to become aerial root in air.By planting stock by with size be placed in the field planting basket of respective model it is fixed.
Embodiment 2
The water planting of spring plumage
Spring plumage is also known as spring taro, plumage split happiness woods taro, camplotheca acuminata any of several broadleaf plants, the climing green suede of spring plumage, is that Araeceae Philodendron is perennial often This foliage plant of greenweed.Spring rhaehis is orthostatic, is in lignifying, there is many aerial roots;Plant is tall and big, up to 1.5 meters or more. Leaf is fasciation type, is born in stem end;Leaf be it is wide heart-shaped, full leaf pinniform drastic crack like palmation, up to 60 centimetres, it is 40 centimetres wide, Keratin, strong green are glossy;Petiole is strong and elongated, up to 80-100 centimetres.
Spring plumage originates in the tropical rain forest of South America Brazil, grows nonparasitically upon another plant in woods and is setting greatly, and the aerial root of brown is from aerial Hang down to ground or it is raw on trunk.The pyrophilous how wet environment of spring plumage, shade tolerant and be afraid of strong light direct beam.Spring plumage grows thermophilic 15-28 DEG C, cold-hartliness is slightly strong, and overwintering temperature is 2 DEG C or so.Spring plumage is not tight to light requirement, in addition to the environment of atomic decreased light Outside, the generally well-grown under other light, particularly suitable for indoor growing;But summer and autumn will avoid strong light direct beam, in order to avoid It burns blade.
Spring plumage seed is sowed in matrix seed plate, wherein matrix is seedling nutritious soil, porosity 60%, pH=6.5, In substrate soil, the available potassium of rapid available phosphorus, 120mg/kg containing 120mg/kg and the available nitrogen of 160mg/kg.
After being trained spring plumage planting stock, choose well-grown, no disease and pests harm healthy spring plumage planting stock female parent material.Spring plumage After female parent is chosen, loose basin soil is first clapped, spring plumage seedling is taken out, places it in the container for filling clear water, keep its stationary, after 7 days Start lightly to shake plant later, makes its root ground movement, and fall off naturally, continue to cultivate, and slowly shake, until mud It is native all to fall off naturally, then entire spring plumage plant rushes to Xian is clean, and entire cleaning process lasts 8 days.
The spring old root of plumage plant rinsed well is cut short into 2/3-3/4, withered, weak, old root wipes out from base portion without exception;It repaiies After cutting, spring pen feather portion is immersed in the thiophanate methyl solution or carbendazim solution of 3%-5% and sterilized 10 minutes.
Spring plumage plant after disinfection is put in the clear water for filling 5 percent 500 times of dilutions of chitin liquid, root system It is required that unfolding case.It is set to grow naturally 15 days, plant will slowly adapt to aquatic growing environment, and grow the aerial root of part.
Suitable field planting basket is selected according to the size of plant root, its root is completely put in field planting basket, it is desirable that root System unfolds, completely.Then make domestication basin with the sizable plastic barrel of field planting basket, field planting basket is put on plastic barrel, in bucket Replace clear water until being dipped into field planting basket bottom with nutrient solution, the 1/2 of the root system of spring plumage planting stock is immersed in the nutrition at this time In liquid.Spring plumage seedling is put in cloudy canopy, during which often sprays water and check inner bucket water position to blade, water level can not be too low excessively high, loses Remove the growing environment of fully adaptation nutrient solution.
Embodiment 3
Cycadaceae Cycas evergreen needle-leaved tree.Latin name C.revolute, source area south China, Indonesia, print The Southern Asias such as degree area, alias sago cycas, cycad, inflammable any of several broadleaf plants.Warm, moistening and sufficient sunlight, but also resistance to half shade are liked, the summer is avoided Ji Lie exposures, drought-enduring, planting environment needs well-ventilated.It is 24-27 DEG C to grow thermophilic, and temperature is less than 0 DEG C easily by freeze injury.Sago cycas Slow-growing, the annual spring and summer of plant of average 3 years age of trees or autumn just grow 1-2 wheel young leaves.Sago cycas is bloomed difficulty, more than life in 20 years Plant can bloom as long as maintenance is proper;Plant more than source area, life in 10 years, can almost blossom and have seeds.It is restricted to open Colored principal element:First, accumulated temperature, the accumulated temperature that general sago cycas is bloomed at least wants 3000 to 4000 DEG C or more.Second is that light application time, Sago cycas is short-day plant, and pregnant flower bud can be undoubtedly influenced under long-day conditions and is bloomed.The aquatic induction of sago cycas has environment temperature High requirement, temperature just influence its rooting rate when being less than 15 DEG C.Under natural conditions, selection carries out sago cycas in late spring to early autumn Aquatic induction.
Cycas seed is sowed in matrix seed plate, wherein matrix is seedling nutritious soil, porosity 70%, pH=7, base In matter soil, the available potassium of rapid available phosphorus, 100mg/kg containing 100mg/kg and the available nitrogen of 150mg/kg.Cultivate Cycas seed As planting stock.
Choose well-grown, no disease and pests harm female parent material of the healthy planting stock as water planting.After female parent is chosen, first cut Except the blade that shape is poor, then loose basin soil is clapped, takes out planting stock, place it in the container for filling clear water, keep its stationary, Start lightly to shake plant after 5-6 days, makes its root ground movement, and fall off naturally, continue to cultivate, and slowly shake, directly It all falls off naturally to soil, then that entire plant rushed Xian is clean.Entire cleaning process lasts 7 days.
The original soil for the sago cycas rinsed well is taken root and is wiped out without exception, part root base is only retained;After trimming, root is immersed Sterilized 30 minutes in the thiophanate methyl solution or carbendazim solution of 3%-5%, then put shady place dry it is spare.
Sago cycas plant after disinfection is put in the clear water for filling 5 percent 300 times of dilutions of chitin liquid, makes it Naturally it grows 30 days or so, plant will slowly adapt to aquatic growing environment, and grow 2-3 centimetres of water root.
Suitable field planting basket is selected according to the size of plant root, its root is completely put in field planting basket, it is desirable that root System unfolds, completely.Then make domestication basin with the sizable plastic barrel of field planting basket, field planting basket is put on plastic barrel, in bucket Replace clear water until being dipped into field planting basket bottom with nutrient solution, the 3/4 of the root system of sago cycas planting stock is immersed in the nutrition at this time In liquid.Sago cycas seedling is put in cloudy canopy, during which often sprays water and check inner bucket water position to blade, water level can not be too low excessively high, loses Remove the growing environment of fully adaptation nutrient solution.
Embodiment 4
Acclimation method check experiment
1 material and method
1.1 material
There are the white palm and Apollo for examination flowers
1.2 method
1.2.1 domestication aqueous solution not is configured
Two kinds of nutrient solutions are configured on the basis of garden examination standard recipe
Tame nutrient solution A:Clear water
Tame nutrient solution B:5% chitin solution dilutes the aqueous solution after 400 times
Mill water culture nutrient solution:5% chitin solution dilutes the aqueous solution after 400 times, 0.44 grams per liter of potassium dihydrogen phosphate;Sulphur 0.14 grams per liter of sour potassium;0.59 grams per liter of calcium nitrate;0.19 grams per liter of ammonium nitrate;0.53 grams per liter of magnesium sulfate;2 milliliters of trace element; Fe-EDTA2 milliliters.
1.2.2 for the processing of examination flowers
Choose well-grown, no disease and pests harm female parent material of the healthy plant as water planting.After female parent is chosen, loose basin is first clapped Soil takes out flower seedling, places it in the container for filling clear water, keep its stationary, starts lightly to shake after about one week and plant Strain, makes its root ground movement, and fall off naturally, continues to cultivate, and slowly shake, until soil all falls off naturally, then will It is clean that entire plant rushes Xian, can't carry soil, first be easy pollution water quality, second carry the germs of a disease, easily cause rotten.
One, the old root of the plant rinsed well is cut short 2/3-3/4, withered, weak, old root wipes out from base portion without exception;It repaiies After cutting, root is immersed in the thiophanate methyl solution or carbendazim solution of 3%-5% and sterilized 10 minutes.
Planting stock for trying flowers, which is placed on after the completion of the cleaning of root in different domestication nutrient solutions, raises and train 15 days, during which every It is wiped out rotten and cleans up, and root system requires to unfold during domestication.The charge weight that nutrient solution is added after the completion of domestication is to flood Do not have subject at the 2/3 or 1/2 of plant root, remaining is exposed in air, and according to the habit of plant suitable Culture 60 days or so is carried out under temperature, humidity and illumination condition, changes one time of nutrition liquid, two kinds of nutrition every 15 days during this period Liquid, which synchronizes, to carry out,
2 results and analysis
Influence of the 2.1 Different Nutrition liquid to flowers root
Influence of the Different Nutrition liquid to root after Flower Plants in Hydroponic Culture
3 conclusions
By the cultivation results analysis for observing two kinds of plants of Different Nutrition liquid pair, it is seen that use chitin water soluble liquid as tame and docile Change nutrient solution to be tamed the growth to root system of plant to plant and prevent rotten effect from having prodigious facilitation effect.
Although illustrate and describing the present invention with specific embodiment, it will be appreciated that without departing substantially from the present invention's Many other change and modification can be made in the case of spirit and scope.It is, therefore, intended that in the following claims Including belonging to all such changes and modifications in the scope of the invention.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of method of water culture, which is characterized in that the described method comprises the following steps:
1) vegetable seeds is trained planting stock in matrix;
The matrix is seedling nutritious soil, and the porosity of the seedling nutritious soil is 50%-70%, pH=6-7, in the matrix Available phosphorus contents are more than 100mg/kg, and quick-acting potassium content is more than 100mg/kg, and quick-acting nitrogen contents are more than 150mg/kg;
2) cleaning planting stock root;
The concrete operations of the cleaning planting stock root are that the root carrying substrates of planting stock are placed in clear water, stand 7-8 days, Jiggling makes matrix fall off;
3) acclimation is carried out to planting stock, it is made to grow water root;The acclimation is that the root of planting stock is immersed in first It is cultivated 10-20 days in the aqueous solution of shell element;
The aqueous solution of the chitin used in the acclimation be 5% chitin solution dilute 300-500 times after Aqueous solution;
During the acclimation, wipe out the planting stock daily rotten, and rinse well;
4) mill water culture nutrient solution is used to cultivate the planting stock after acclimation;
The 1/2 to 3/4 of the root system of the planting stock is immersed in the mill water culture nutrient solution;
The mill water culture nutrient solution is:5% chitin solution dilutes the aqueous solution after 400 times, 0.44 grams per liter of potassium dihydrogen phosphate; 0.14 grams per liter of potassium sulfate;0.59 grams per liter of calcium nitrate;0.19 grams per liter of ammonium nitrate;0.53 grams per liter of magnesium sulfate;2 milli of trace element It rises;2 milliliters of Fe-EDTA.
CN201610079376.5A 2016-02-04 2016-02-04 A kind of method of water culture Expired - Fee Related CN105724205B (en)

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CN110122303A (en) * 2019-06-13 2019-08-16 江苏花名堂农业科技发展有限公司 The ciltivating process of penjing plant
CN112824354B (en) * 2019-11-20 2022-08-19 东莞市祥青智能绿化工程有限公司 Nutrient solution for soilless culture of small golden diamond apples and preparation method and application thereof
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