CN112824354B - Nutrient solution for soilless culture of small golden diamond apples and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Nutrient solution for soilless culture of small golden diamond apples and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application provides a nutrient solution for soilless culture of golden diamond apples, which comprises metal inorganic salt, organic salt, nitrogen fertilizer, boron fertilizer and a root promoting agent, wherein the metal inorganic salt comprises ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and manganese sulfate tetrahydrate, the content of the ferrous sulfate heptahydrate is the same as that of the organic salt, the content of the manganese sulfate tetrahydrate is 2-3mg, the organic salt is EDTA, the EDTA and the ferrous sulfate heptahydrate react to obtain chelated iron, and the root promoting agent comprises 3.2-4.8mg of indolebutyric acid and 0.64-0.96mg of naphthylacetic acid. The nutrient solution for soilless culture of the small golden diamond apples can promote the growth of roots, stems and leaves of the small golden diamond apples, particularly increase of new root systems, realize the conversion from soil culture or matrix culture root systems to water culture root systems in a short time, and ensure that the small golden diamond apples reform a complete and robust plant suitable for water culture. The application also provides a preparation method and application of the nutrient solution for soilless culture of the golden diamond small apples.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of soilless culture, in particular to a nutrient solution for soilless culture of golden diamond small apples and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The golden diamond small apple, the scientific name golden diamond vine green velvet, Philodentron 'con-go' Araceae (Araceae), Hippon taro, perennial evergreen herbaceous plants, has thick and emerald leaves, bright and rigid leaf surfaces, long and thick leaf stalks, warm and humid half-yin environment, aversion to severe cold and strong light, and the growth temperature is 20-30 ℃. It should be placed in the semiyin area to avoid direct burning in summer and prevent burning leaves. When the air is dry in summer and autumn, the plant should be sprayed with water for keeping moisture and cooling. The Jinzuanjin green velvet can also absorb various toxic gases such as sulfur dioxide, sulfur trioxide, nitric oxide and the like, plays a role in purifying air, is called as a disease-preventing king, and is widely applied to places such as homes, office buildings, hotels and the like nowadays. The potted plant is cultivated with peat and pearlite to compound nutritious soil, and its breeding process adopts cuttage and plant division method and mainly adopts tissue culture technology.
Traditional golden diamond small apple potted plant plants mainly utilize the matrix cultivation to go on, this kind of planting mode growth rate is slow, and the number of times of fertilizeing is many monthly, and nitrogen fertilizer is executed on a bias and easily causes plant petiole length and weak, is difficult for standing upright and loses the sight, plants for a long time because the interior matrix board knot of basin and salinization can lead to vegetation bad, and traditional planting is one to two years after, will change the matrix, carries out the root system and prunes just can keep the growth and the sight of plant.
The nutrient solution culture mode in the soilless culture can well solve the defects of matrix culture, reduce the work of replacing the matrix, make the trimming management of the root system convenient and easy, supplement the nutrient deficiency in the culture in time, and reduce the links of fertilization, watering, transplanting and the like in the culture management. The soilless culture water culture technology can also realize the cleanness of ornamental plant culture, convenient management and expansion of the plant planting area. Compared with the traditional soil cultivation or matrix cultivation, the soilless cultivation has light weight, can be used for three-dimensional planting on stone walls and wall bodies by matching with a proper container, enlarges the planting region of plants, realizes the three-dimensional greening design of tall buildings, enhances the capability of golden diamond apples to absorb sulfur dioxide, sulfur trioxide and nitric oxide, reduces air pollutants, and really realizes the construction of ecological environment-friendly cities.
The existing main propagation mode of the small apple (golden diamond) seedlings is mainly to utilize a tissue culture technology or plant division to form small seedlings, and the soilless culture nutrient solution is utilized to plant and culture large seedlings, but the cultivation time is long (a pot with ornamental property can be formed only one year), the management period is long, the production cost is high, and the popularization and the application of the soilless culture water culture technology of the small apples (golden diamonds) are not facilitated.
The water culture of the small apples (golden diamonds) by utilizing the conventional common broad-spectrum nutrient solution can also cause the phenomena of softening and rotting, browning of the edges of new leaves, curling of the new leaves and the like, which are caused by the condition that the proportion of nutrient substances is not suitable for plant growth and the excess of nitrogen nutrition. Therefore, the research of a special nutrient solution formula suitable for the growth of small apples (golden diamond) is a key technology for realizing water culture. Meanwhile, the special nutrient solution for the small apples (golden diamonds) and the special formula of the rooting nutrient solution are developed, so that the rapid growth of seedling root systems (about 30 days) is realized, the planting of the water-cultured small apples (golden diamonds) is popularized to enter families, office places, factories, stone walls and places with poor wall illuminance, and the application prospect for realizing ecological cities is great.
Content of application
The application aims at providing a nutrient solution for soilless culture of golden diamond small apples, which can promote the growth of roots and stems and leaves of the golden diamond small apples, particularly increase of new roots, realize the short-time transfer from a soil culture or a substrate root culture system to a water culture root system, and ensure that the golden diamond small apples re-form a complete and robust plant suitable for water culture.
The applicant of the application discovers in research that the stem of the small golden diamond apple is short, the leaf quality is thick, the leaf type is large, the growth is rapid, and the growth of the rhizome, the branch and the leaf can be promoted only by searching a nutrient solution meeting the characteristics of the small golden diamond apple, so that the root system can be converted from the soil culture or the substrate culture into the water culture root system in a short time. Through research and exploration, the water culture nutrient solution for the Jinzui small apples is provided, the growth of roots, stems, branches and leaves can be promoted in a short time, the branches and leaves grow vigorously, and the leaf shapes are uniformly distributed and attractive. The nutrient solution for soilless culture of the golden diamond apples comprises, by per liter of water, 4173mg of metal inorganic salt 2782, 19.2-28.8mg of organic salt, 80-120mg of nitrogen fertilizer, 0.992-1.488mg of boron fertilizer and a root promoting agent, wherein the metal inorganic salt comprises ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and manganese sulfate tetrahydrate, the content of the ferrous sulfate heptahydrate is the same as that of the organic salt, the content of the manganese sulfate tetrahydrate is 2-3mg, the organic salt is EDTA, the EDTA and the ferrous sulfate heptahydrate react to obtain chelated iron, and the root promoting agent comprises 3.2-4.8mg of indolebutyric acid and 0.64-0.96mg of naphthylacetic acid.
The nutrient solution for soilless culture of the small golden diamond apples realizes the growth promotion of roots and stems and leaves in a short time, particularly the increase of new roots by strictly controlling the respective contents of metal inorganic salt, organic salt, nitrogen fertilizer, boron fertilizer and root promoting agent. Specifically, the organic salt is EDTA, the content of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate is the same as that of the organic salt, the EDTA and the ferrous sulfate heptahydrate react to obtain chelated iron, and the EDTA can enable iron ions to form a stable water-soluble iron complex, so that the phenomenon that the iron ions form precipitates due to other factors, the absorption of iron elements is influenced, and iron deficiency is caused is avoided. The content of manganese sulfate tetrahydrate is 2-3mg, the content of manganese in a common nutrient solution is not more than 1.5, the content of manganese sulfate tetrahydrate is increased, and due to thick leaf quality and large leaf shape of the golden diamond apple, the demand of mesophyll cells on manganese is large. 3.2-4.8mg of indolebutyric acid and 0.64-0.96mg of naphthylacetic acid are controlled in the nutrient solution for the soilless culture of the small golden diamond apples, under the condition of ensuring that the plant type and the leaf color of the small golden diamond apples are not changed and even can continue to grow, strong and numerous new root systems can grow, the small golden diamond apples are ensured to form a complete and strong plant suitable for water culture again, simultaneously the content of the indolebutyric acid is controlled to be higher than that of the naphthylacetic acid, the indolebutyric acid can induce the formation of root protomer, promote the differentiation and the division of cells, be beneficial to the generation of new roots and the differentiation of vascular bundle systems, promote the formation of adventitious roots of cuttings, so that the content of the indolebutyric acid is high, the new root systems are more, the naphthylacetic acid is low, but the naphthylacetic acid can enter the plant body through the large leaves of the small golden diamond apples, and is guided to action parts along with nutrient flow to promote the growth of the root systems, the content of the root promoting agent is not too high easily, so that the influence on the growth of branches and leaves caused by the excessive number of root systems is avoided, and the regeneration of a complete and robust plant by the golden diamond small apple (which is rich and noble) is ensured.
Further, the weight ratio of the indolebutyric acid to the naphthylacetic acid is 5.
Further, the nitrogen fertilizer is urea.
Further, the boric fertilizer is boric acid.
Further, the sum of the weight of the metal inorganic salt and the organic salt is < 3600 mg. The stem of the small golden diamond apple is short, and salt with too high concentration is accumulated in the short stem of the small golden diamond apple, so that the phenomena of leaf rot and death and old root rot are caused.
Further, the metal inorganic salt also comprises one or more of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, copper sulfate heptahydrate, zinc sulfate heptahydrate and ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate. Provides a plurality of metal salts to meet the growth requirements of stems and leaves of the golden diamond small apples, and the used compounds have better solubility, and can avoid a large amount of precipitation and accumulation in the time slot during soilless culture planting.
Furthermore, the content of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate is 1152-1728mg, the content of potassium chloride is 720-1080mg, the content of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate is 384-576mg, the content of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 504-756mg, the content of copper sulfate heptahydrate is 0.24-0.36mg, the content of zinc sulfate heptahydrate is 0.544-0.816mg and the content of ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate is 0.08-0.12 mg.
Specifically, the amount of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate may be 1152mg, 1253mg, 1360mg, 1450mg, 1570mg, 1620mg, 1728mg, potassium chloride may be 720mg, 810mg, 930mg, 1080mg, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate may be 384mg, 435mg, 487mg, 534mg, 576mg, nitrogen fertilizer may be 80mg, 90mg, 100mg, 110mg, 120mg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate may be 504mg, 545mg, 612mg, 656mg, 705mg, 756mg, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate may be 19.2mg, 22.4mg, 26.2mg, 28.8mg, EDTA may be 19.2mg, 22.4mg, 26.2mg, 28.8mg, tetrahydrate may be 2mg, 2.4mg, 2.6mg, 2.8mg, 3mg, copper sulfate heptahydrate may be 0.24mg, 0.28mg, 0.32mg, 0.36mg, boron fertilizer may be 0.2 mg, 2.4mg, 2.6mg, 2.8mg, 3mg, 0.24mg, 0.26.26.8 mg, 3mg, 3.8 mg, 3mg, 3.26.8 mg, 3mg, 3.26.8 mg, 3.8 mg, 3mg, 3.26.8 mg, 3.8, 2mg, 3.8, 3, 3.8, 3, 2, 3, 2, 18, 2, 3, 3.26.8, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 1.9, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 18, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, and 18, 1.9, 2, 18, 2, 1.9, 2, 18, 1.9, 2, 1.9, 2, 18, 3, 1.9, 2, 18, 2, 1.9, 2, 1.9, 2, 1, 3.6mg, 4.0mg, 4.4mg, 4.8mg, naphthylacetic acid may be 0.64mg, 0.72mg, 0.80mg, 0.88mg, 0.96 mg.
Preferably, the content of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate is 1440mg, the content of potassium chloride is 900mg, the content of urea is 100mg, the content of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate is 480mg, the content of monopotassium phosphate is 630mg, the content of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate is 24mg, the content of EDTA is 24mg, the content of boric acid is 1.24mg, the content of manganese sulfate tetrahydrate is 2.5mg, the content of copper sulfate heptahydrate is 0.3mg, the content of zinc sulfate heptahydrate is 0.68mg, the content of ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate is 0.1mg, the content of indolebutyric acid is 4mg and the content of naphthylacetic acid is 0.8mg in each liter of water.
In another aspect, the application provides a preparation method of the nutrient solution for soilless culture of the golden diamond apples, wherein the metal inorganic salt, the organic salt, the nitrogen fertilizer, the boron fertilizer and the root promoting agent in the nutrient solution for soilless culture of the golden diamond apples are uniformly mixed in water, and the pH is adjusted to be neutral. When the nutrient solution for soilless culture of the small golden diamond apples is prepared, various metal inorganic salts, organic salts, nitrogen fertilizers, boron fertilizers and root promoters can be sequentially added into water to be dissolved, and one substance is dissolved and then the other substance is dissolved; or dissolving the components in water respectively and then mixing uniformly to obtain the soilless culture nutrient solution for the Jinzui small apples. In order to facilitate transportation and carrying, the nutrient solution for soilless culture of the small golden diamond apples can also be prepared into a concentrated solution, the formula amount of various metal inorganic salts, organic salts, nitrogen fertilizers, boron fertilizers and root promoters is divided into a plurality of parts, each part is dissolved in a small amount of water, and when the nutrient solution is used, the dissolved parts are mixed and diluted to the required concentration for soilless culture. The pH can be adjusted by dilute hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide solution.
For example, the soilless culture nutrient solution for the small golden diamond apples is prepared into a concentrated nutrient solution with the volume of 100 times, and when the soilless culture nutrient solution is used, water is added to dilute the nutrient solution with the volume of 100 times into a planting working solution, and then the planting working solution is used for planting plants. As the concentrated nutrient solution is directly prepared according to the formula, the concentration of the compound is too high, the concentration product among various ions is too high, water-insoluble compounds can be generated, and the concentrated nutrient solution is not suitable for plant cultivation after dilution, so that the concentrated nutrient solution is prepared according to the components of the nutrient solution in a classification way, the concentrated nutrient solution is divided into a plurality of parts according to whether the ions in the compounds can react with each other or not, and the reaction does not occur among the parts. The concentrated nutrient solution prepared by 100 times of the soilless culture nutrient solution for the small golden diamond apples, which is composed of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, potassium chloride, urea, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, EDTA, boric acid, manganese sulfate tetrahydrate, copper sulfate heptahydrate, zinc sulfate heptahydrate, ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate, indolebutyric acid and naphthylacetic acid, is divided into A, B, C parts, and the preparation process is as follows:
(1) calculating the consumption of each component and water according to the concentration multiple and the preparation volume, and dividing the water into 3 equal parts;
(2) preparing a solution A: weighing calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, potassium chloride and urea, and uniformly stirring in water for later use;
(3) preparing a solution B: weighing magnesium sulfate heptahydrate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and uniformly stirring in water for later use;
(4) preparing a solution C: weighing ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, EDTA, boric acid, manganese sulfate tetrahydrate, copper sulfate heptahydrate, zinc sulfate heptahydrate, ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate, indolebutyric acid and naphthylacetic acid, and uniformly stirring in water for later use.
When in use, A, B, C parts are evenly mixed and diluted to 100 times.
In another aspect, the application provides the application of the nutrient solution for the soilless culture of the golden diamond small apples, most root systems of the soil-cultured golden diamond small apples are pruned, the nutrient solution for the soilless culture of the small golden diamond apples is adopted for water culture, most root systems of large soil-cultured seedlings are pruned to prevent the root systems of the soil culture from rotting when the large soil-cultured seedlings are planted in water, the absorption of the root systems to the water culture nutrient solution can be met only through a few untrimmed root systems, and through the combination of various salts and the root promoting agent in the water culture nutrient solution, can ensure that the plant type and the leaf color of the golden diamond small apple are not changed and even can continue to grow, strong and numerous new hydroponic root systems grow on the basis of uncut hydroponic root systems in a short period, namely, the soil culture root system is converted into a water culture root system so as to ensure that the golden diamond small apple seedlings can grow into the golden diamond small apple seedlings which can be planted in water culture and meet the ornamental requirement.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the growth of a golden diamond small apple without soilless culture of the golden diamond small apple soilless culture nutrient solution of example 1.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the growth of the golden diamond apples after being subjected to soilless culture for 30 days by the soilless culture nutrient solution for the golden diamond apples in example 1.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the third plant from left to right in FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the third plant from left to right in FIG. 2.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the growth of a golden diamond small apple without soilless culture with the nutrient solution for soilless culture of the golden diamond small apple of example 2.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the growth of a golden diamond small apple after 30 days of soilless culture with the soilless culture nutrient solution for the golden diamond small apple in example 2.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the growth of a golden diamond small apple without soilless culture with the nutrient solution for soilless culture of the golden diamond small apple of example 3.
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the growth of the golden diamond apples after being subjected to soilless culture for 30 days by the soilless culture nutrient solution for the golden diamond apples in example 3.
FIG. 9 is a diagram of the growth of a golden diamond small apple without soilless culture of the nutrient solution for soilless culture of the golden diamond small apple of comparative example 1.
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the growth of the golden diamond apples in soilless culture by the soilless culture nutrient solution for the golden diamond apples in comparative example 1.
FIG. 11 is an enlarged view of the first plant from left to right in FIG. 9.
FIG. 12 is an enlarged view of the first plant from left to right in FIG. 10.
FIG. 13 is a diagram of the growth of a golden diamond small apple without soilless culture of the nutrient solution for soilless culture of the golden diamond small apple of comparative example 2.
FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the growth of the golden diamond apples in soilless culture by the soilless culture nutrient solution for the golden diamond apples in comparative example 2.
Fig. 15 is an enlarged view of the fifth plant from left to right in fig. 13.
FIG. 16 is an enlarged view of the fifth plant from left to right in FIG. 14.
Detailed Description
The technical means of the present invention will be further described below by way of specific examples, and the starting materials in the examples of the present invention are commercially available.
Example 1
Preparing a nutrient solution, namely taking 28.8g of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 18g of potassium chloride, 2g of urea, 9.6g of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 12.6g of monopotassium phosphate, chelated iron (EDTA0.48g, 0.48g of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate), 0.0248g of boric acid, 0.050g of manganese sulfate tetrahydrate, 0.006g of copper sulfate heptahydrate, 0.0136g of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 0.002g of ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate, 0.08g of indolebutyric acid, 0.016g of naphthylacetic acid and 20L of water, uniformly mixing, adjusting the pH value to be neutral by using dilute sulfuric acid, and uniformly stirring to obtain the nutrient solution for soilless culture of the golden diamond apples.
Example 2
Preparing a nutrient solution, namely taking 23.04g of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 14.4g of potassium chloride, 2g of urea, 7.68g of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 10.08g of monopotassium phosphate, chelated iron (EDTA0.384g and ferrous sulfate heptahydrate 0.384g), 0.0248g of boric acid, 0.040g of manganese sulfate tetrahydrate, 0.0048g of copper sulfate heptahydrate, 0.01088g of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 0.0016g of ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate, 0.08g of indolebutyric acid, 0.016g of naphthylacetic acid and 20L of water, uniformly mixing, adjusting the pH value to be neutral by using dilute sulfuric acid, and uniformly stirring to obtain the nutrient solution for soilless culture of the golden diamond apples.
Example 3
Preparing nutrient solution, namely taking 28.8g of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 18g of potassium chloride, 2g of urea, 9.6g of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 12.6g of monopotassium phosphate, chelated iron (EDTA0.48g, 0.48g of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate), 0.0248g of boric acid, 0.050g of manganese sulfate tetrahydrate, 0.006g of copper sulfate heptahydrate, 0.0136g of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 0.002g of ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate, 0.064g of indolebutyric acid, 0.0128g of naphthylacetic acid and 20L of water, uniformly mixing, adjusting the pH value to be neutral by using dilute sulfuric acid without soil, and uniformly stirring to obtain the nutrient solution for cultivating the golden diamond small apples.
Example 4
Preparing nutrient solution, namely taking 34.56g of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 21.6g of potassium chloride, 2g of urea, 11.52g of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 15.12g of monopotassium phosphate, chelated iron (EDTA0.576g, 0.576g of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate), 0.0248g of boric acid, 0.060g of manganese sulfate tetrahydrate, 0.0072g of copper sulfate heptahydrate, 0.01632g of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 0.0024g of ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate, 0.08g of indolebutyric acid, 0.016g of naphthylacetic acid and 20L of water, mixing, adjusting the pH value to be neutral by using dilute sulfuric acid or sodium hydroxide, mixing, and uniformly stirring to obtain the planting nutrient solution.
Comparative example 1
Preparing a nutrient solution, namely taking 28.8g of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 18g of potassium chloride, 2g of urea, 9.6g of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 12.6g of monopotassium phosphate, chelated iron (EDTA0.48g, 0.48g of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate), 0.0248g of boric acid, 0.050g of manganese sulfate tetrahydrate, 0.006g of copper sulfate heptahydrate, 0.0136g of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 0.002g of ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate and 20L of water, uniformly mixing, adjusting the pH value to be neutral by using dilute sulfuric acid, and uniformly stirring to obtain the nutrient solution for soilless culture of the golden diamond apples.
Comparative example 2
Preparing a nutrient solution, namely taking 28.8g of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 18g of potassium chloride, 2g of urea, 9.6g of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 12.6g of monopotassium phosphate, chelated iron (EDTA0.48g, 0.48g of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate), 0.0248g of boric acid, 0.050g of manganese sulfate tetrahydrate, 0.006g of copper sulfate heptahydrate, 0.0136g of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 0.002g of ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate, 0.04g of indolebutyric acid, 0.08g of naphthylacetic acid and 20L of water, uniformly mixing, adjusting the pH value to be neutral by using dilute sulfuric acid, and uniformly stirring to obtain the nutrient solution for soilless culture of the golden diamond apples.
Comparative example 3
Preparing nutrient solution, namely taking 28.8g of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 18g of potassium chloride, 2g of urea, 9.6g of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 12.6g of monopotassium phosphate, chelated iron (EDTA0.48g, 0.48g of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate), 0.0248g of boric acid, 0.050g of manganese sulfate tetrahydrate, 0.006g of copper sulfate heptahydrate, 0.0136g of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 0.002g of ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate, 0.16g of indolebutyric acid, 0.032g of naphthylacetic acid and 20L of water, uniformly mixing, adjusting the pH value to be neutral by using dilute sulfuric acid, and uniformly stirring to obtain the soilless culture nutrient solution for the golden diamond apples.
Comparative example 4
Preparing a nutrient solution, namely taking 40.32g of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 25.2g of potassium chloride, 2g of urea, 13.44g of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 17.64g of monopotassium phosphate, chelated iron (EDTA0.672g, 0.672g of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate), 0.0248g of boric acid, 0.070g of manganese sulfate tetrahydrate, 0.0084g of copper sulfate heptahydrate, 0.01904g of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 0.0028g of ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate, 0.08g of indolebutyric acid, 0.016g of naphthylacetic acid and 20L of water, uniformly mixing, adjusting the pH value to be neutral by using dilute sulfuric acid, and uniformly stirring to obtain the nutrient solution for soilless culture of the small golden diamond apples.
The same batch of large golden diamond apple seedlings are purchased from a nursery, after the root systems are cut off (only 2-5 soil culture root systems are left to meet the requirement of plants on the absorption of the soilless culture nutrient solution), soilless culture is carried out at normal temperature by using the soilless culture nutrient solution for golden diamond small apples prepared in examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-4, each group of nutrient solution is used for treating the large golden diamond small apple seedlings with the root systems removed, the new root number of the large golden diamond small apples is measured after 30 days of soilless culture, the result is shown in table 1, and the new root number is the average value of 6 plants. The number of new leaves growing and the growth of branches and leaves were measured at the same time, and the results are shown in Table 2, and the number of new leaves growing was the average of 6 plants.
TABLE 1 growth of a soilless culture of apples with new roots after 30 days
| Examples | Main root | Lateral root | Total up to |
| Example 1 | 10 | 123 | 130 |
| Example 2 | 9 | 110 | 119 |
| Example 3 | 8 | 94 | 102 |
| Example 4 | 10 | 114 | 124 |
| Comparative example 1 | 4 | 48 | 52 |
| Comparative example 2 | 6 | 67 | 73 |
| Comparative example 3 | 7 | 74 | 81 |
| Comparative example 4 | 8 | 76 | 84 |
TABLE 2 growth number of new leaves after 30 days of soilless culture of golden diamond apples and observation of growth conditions of roots, branches and leaves
As is clear from the results in Table 1, the number of new elements in examples 1 to 4 of the present application is larger than that in comparative examples 1 to 4. As can be seen from the combination of the figures 1 to 4, the number of new roots of the small golden diamond apples after the soilless culture treatment by the nutrient solution of the embodiment 1 is large, and the main roots and the lateral roots grow more densely. Referring to FIGS. 5 to 6, it was found that the number of new roots in example 2 is less than that in example 1, because the salt concentration is lower, and not only the decay of mesophyll cells is easily induced, but also the amount of new roots is reduced. In addition, the results of fig. 7 to 8 show that the number of new roots in example 3 is less than that in example 1, because the concentration of the root promoting agent is lower, the effect of promoting rooting is not as good as that in example 1. As can be seen from fig. 9 to 12, the number of new roots in comparative example 1 was not increased much, mainly because no root-promoting agent for promoting root growth was present in comparative example 1. It is found from FIGS. 13 to 16 that in comparative example 2, the root growth is sparse, and the number of new roots of the apple trees is not as large as that of example 1, because the content of indolebutyric acid is lower than that of naphthylacetic acid.
As is clear from the results in Table 2, the rotten leaves were observed in the leaves of example 2 because the salt concentration was low in example 2. In comparative example 3, rotting of old roots and leaves occurred, mainly in the case of high concentration of indolebutyric acid and naphthylacetic acid. In comparative example 3, the old root rot phenomenon occurred, mainly the total salt content was too high.
The nutrient solution for soilless culture of the small golden diamond apples realizes the growth promotion of roots and stems and leaves in a short time, particularly the increase of new roots by strictly controlling the respective contents of metal inorganic salt, organic salt, nitrogen fertilizer, boron fertilizer and root promoting agent. Specifically, the organic salt is EDTA, the content of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate is the same as that of the organic salt, the EDTA and the ferrous sulfate heptahydrate react to obtain chelated iron, and the EDTA can enable iron ions to form a stable water-soluble iron complex, so that the phenomenon that the iron ions form precipitates due to other factors, the absorption of iron elements is influenced, and iron deficiency is caused is avoided. The content of the manganese sulfate tetrahydrate is 2-3mg, the content of manganese in a common nutrient solution is not more than 1.5, the content of the manganese sulfate tetrahydrate is increased, and the requirement of mesophyll cells on manganese is high due to thick leaf quality and large leaf shape of the Jinzui small apples. 3.2-4.8mg of indolebutyric acid and 0.64-0.96mg of naphthylacetic acid are controlled in the nutrient solution for the soilless culture of the small golden diamond apples, under the condition of ensuring that the plant type and the leaf color of the small golden diamond apples are not changed and even can continue to grow, strong and numerous new root systems can grow, the small golden diamond apples are ensured to form a complete and strong plant suitable for water culture again, simultaneously the content of the indolebutyric acid is controlled to be higher than that of the naphthylacetic acid, the indolebutyric acid can induce the formation of root protomer, promote the differentiation and the division of cells, be beneficial to the generation of new roots and the differentiation of vascular bundle systems, promote the formation of adventitious roots of cuttings, so that the content of the indolebutyric acid is high, the new root systems are more, the naphthylacetic acid is low, but the naphthylacetic acid can enter the plant body through the large leaves of the small golden diamond apples, and is guided to action parts along with nutrient flow to promote the growth of the root systems, the content of the root promoting agent is not easy to be too high so as to avoid the generation of excessive root system number to influence the growth of branches and leaves and ensure that the golden diamond apples (rich and noble) are reformed into a complete and robust plant.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments illustrate rather than limit the scope of the invention, and that those skilled in the art, upon reading this disclosure, will be able to modify various equivalent forms of the invention without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. The nutrient solution for soilless culture of the golden diamond small apples is characterized by comprising, by per liter of water, 2782-4173mg of metal inorganic salt, 19.2-28.8mg of organic salt, 80-120mg of nitrogen fertilizer, 0.992-1.488mg of boron fertilizer and a root promoting agent,
the composition of the metal inorganic salt is as follows by each liter of water: 19.2 to 28.8mg of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 2 to 3mg of manganese sulfate tetrahydrate, 1728mg of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 1080mg of potassium chloride, 384-576mg of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 504-756mg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.24 to 0.36mg of copper sulfate heptahydrate, 0.544 to 0.816mg of zinc sulfate heptahydrate and 0.08 to 0.12mg of ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate,
the content of the ferrous sulfate heptahydrate is the same as that of the organic salt, the organic salt is EDTA, the EDTA and the ferrous sulfate heptahydrate react to obtain chelated iron, the root promoting agent comprises 3.2-4.8mg of indolebutyric acid and 0.64-0.96mg of naphthylacetic acid, the content of the indolebutyric acid is higher than that of the naphthylacetic acid, the sum of the weight of the metal inorganic salt and the organic salt is less than 3600mg, and the nitrogen fertilizer is urea.
2. The nutrient solution for soilless culture of golden diamond apples according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the indolebutyric acid to the naphthylacetic acid is 5.
3. The nutrient solution for soilless culture of golden diamond small apples according to claim 1, wherein the boric fertilizer is boric acid.
4. The nutrient solution for soilless culture of golden diamond apples according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient solution comprises, per liter of water, 1440mg of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 900mg of potassium chloride, 100mg of urea, 480mg of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 630mg of monopotassium phosphate, 24mg of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 24mg of EDTA, 1.24mg of boric acid, 2.5mg of manganese sulfate tetrahydrate, 0.3mg of copper sulfate heptahydrate, 0.68mg of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 0.1mg of ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate, 4mg of indolebutyric acid and 0.8mg of naphthylacetic acid.
5. A preparation method of a nutrient solution for soilless culture of golden diamond apples is characterized in that the metal inorganic salt, the organic salt, the nitrogen fertilizer, the boron fertilizer and the root promoting agent in the nutrient solution for soilless culture of golden diamond apples according to any one of claims 1 to 4 are uniformly mixed in water, and the pH is adjusted to be neutral.
6. The application of the nutrient solution for the soilless culture of the small golden diamond apples is characterized in that most root systems of the small golden diamond apples cultured in soil are pruned, and the nutrient solution for the soilless culture of the small golden diamond apples, which is disclosed by any one of claims 1 to 4, is adopted for water culture.
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