CN105601660B - 一种丙基三异丙烯氧基硅烷的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种丙基三异丙烯氧基硅烷的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- DOEHJNBEOVLHGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(propyl)silane Chemical compound CCC[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl DOEHJNBEOVLHGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- PYOKUURKVVELLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl orthoformate Chemical compound COC(OC)OC PYOKUURKVVELLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical group Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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- 239000004312 hexamethylene tetramine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000010299 hexamethylene tetramine Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- RLAHWVDQYNDAGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanetriol Chemical compound OC(O)O RLAHWVDQYNDAGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
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- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 13
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000005046 Chlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 1
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021626 Tin(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KOPOQZFJUQMUML-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorosilane Chemical compound Cl[SiH3] KOPOQZFJUQMUML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006114 decarboxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001434 methanylylidene group Chemical group [H]C#[*] 0.000 description 1
- NGDSBQHTMKGUQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methenamine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C([N@@](C1)C2)[N@]3C[N@@]2C[N@@]1C3 NGDSBQHTMKGUQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010092 rubber production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000260 silastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001119 stannous chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011150 stannous chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- ILWRPSCZWQJDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylazanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CCN(CC)CC ILWRPSCZWQJDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/18—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages as well as one or more C—O—Si linkages
- C07F7/1804—Compounds having Si-O-C linkages
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/18—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages as well as one or more C—O—Si linkages
- C07F7/1804—Compounds having Si-O-C linkages
- C07F7/1872—Preparation; Treatments not provided for in C07F7/20
- C07F7/188—Preparation; Treatments not provided for in C07F7/20 by reactions involving the formation of Si-O linkages
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/20—Purification, separation
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种丙基三异丙烯氧基硅烷的制备方法,属精细化工技术领域,本发明以丙基三氯硅烷和丙酮为原料,六次甲基四胺为盐酸吸附剂,氯化钯为催化剂,原甲酸三甲酯为除水剂,在70℃‑90℃温度范围内反应,合成含有丙基三异丙烯氧基硅烷反应物,再经过过滤、减压蒸馏得到丙基三异丙烯氧基硅烷产品,本发明工艺简单,反应效率高,可适合工业化规模生产,与现有异丙烯氧基硅烷制备方法相比缩短了反应时间,提高反应效率,另外,除水剂的使用,减少了副反应的发生,提高了产品质量收率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种丙基三异丙烯氧基硅烷的制备方法,属精细化工技术领域。
背景技术
丙基三异丙烯氧基硅烷是一种交联剂,主要应用于单组分室温硫化硅橡胶(RTV-1)中,其是缩合型液体硅橡胶的主要产品之一,自20世纪60年代问世以来,因具有室温下无需加热即可硫化的特点,迅速成为有机硅产品的一个重要组成部分。根据硫化时产生的副产物,RTV-1硅橡胶可分为脱醇型、脱羧型、脱酮肟型、脱胺型、脱酰胺型以及脱丙酮型等。这几类RTV-1硅橡胶的共同特点是混合均匀的胶料挤出后,在常温常压下遇湿气即可硫化为弹性体,使用特别方便;同时,其黏度及流变性很少受温度的影响,硫化时不吸热、不放热,并可以通过根据要求配成无色透明或任意颜色的产品。其中,脱醇型硅橡胶的贮存稳定性低、硫化速度慢、粘接性能差等缺点严重影响了其发展;脱酸型硅橡胶虽然耐热性优于脱醇型硅橡胶,但存在一定的腐蚀性及刺鼻的气味,使其应用受到一定限制;脱酮肟型硅橡胶的耐热性优于脱醇型硅橡胶, 但其粘接性能不如脱酸型硅橡胶;脱胺型硅橡胶虽然硫化速度快,但存在胺味、毒性、腐蚀性及容易泛黄性等缺点;脱酰胺型硅橡胶无毒无味,粘接性能中等,但硫化后产品的模量较低。而脱丙酮型硅橡胶具有使用安全、无腐蚀性、耐热性好、贮存稳定、不但硫化速度快且容易硫化完全等优点,应用范围较广;但由于目前其异丙烯氧基硅烷交联剂的合成工艺较复杂,成本较高,导致产品价格较贵,故尚未大量使用。
因此,一般认为,脱丙酮型RTV-1硅橡胶生产的关键是交联剂异丙烯氧基硅烷的制备。异丙烯氧基硅烷的通式如下所示:
RnSi(OCCH3=CH2)4-n
式中,R 为氢基、烷基、芳基、链烯基等;n为0-3。它们多由相应的硅官能有机硅烷转化而制备得到。
从资料的报道来看,异丙烯氧基硅烷的合成方法为氯硅烷与丙酮在氯化氢吸收剂、催化剂作用下反应而得,反应方程式如下:
大多数合成方法中的催化剂选择为氯化亚铜或金属碳酸盐等,盐酸吸附剂为三乙胺,上述合成方法的主要问题为反应时间长,一般需要20h以上,即使在高压条件下也需要16h,另外,副产物三乙胺盐酸盐亦不好过滤。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于:针对目前异丙烯氧基硅烷合成工艺存在的诸多不足,提供一种既能克服现有制备工艺的不足,又能适合工业化批量生产的丙基三异丙烯氧基硅烷的制备方法。
本发明的技术方案是:
一种丙基三异丙烯氧基硅烷的制备方法,其特征在于:它包括以下步骤:
1)、在连接有磁力搅拌、球型冷凝管、氮气导气管、恒压滴液漏斗的四口烧瓶中,加入丙酮、二氯化钯、六次甲基四胺、原甲酸三甲酯;
2)、在恒压滴液漏斗加入丙基三氯硅烷,接通氮气,在100~120转/分的搅拌速度下升温至70~90℃,滴加恒压漏斗中的丙基三氯硅烷,丙基三氯硅烷滴加时间为6小时;
3)、丙基三氯硅烷滴加完毕后,保持70~90℃的温度反应2h,反应全程通氮气保护,反应压力为常压;反应完毕后得丙基三异丙烯氧基硅烷粗品;
4)、将丙基三异丙烯氧基硅烷粗品降温至20℃以下,然后在氮气的保护下,将副生成的六次甲基四胺盐酸盐经过滤去除得到透明滤液;
5)、将透明滤液先在压力-0.08MPa、温度0-100℃条件下进行减压蒸馏,回收原甲酸三甲酯及过量丙酮,然后在压力-0.095MPa、温度100-130℃条件下进行减压蒸馏,收集到的无色透明液体即为丙基三异丙烯氧基硅烷产品成品。
所述的氯化钯加入量为丙基三氯硅烷投料量的0.0002%~0.0005%。
本发明的反应方程式如下:
本发明的有益效果为:
本发明以丙基三氯硅烷和丙酮为原料,六次甲基四胺为盐酸吸附剂,氯化钯为催化剂,原甲酸三甲酯为除水剂合成丙基三异丙烯氧基硅烷产品,催化剂加入量为丙基三氯硅烷投料量的0.0002%~0.0005%,丙基三氯硅烷在6h时间内滴入丙酮中反应,反应温度控制在70~90℃之间,丙基三氯硅烷滴加完毕后保持该温度反应2h后,降温至20℃以下,过滤分离出六次甲基四胺盐酸盐,得到透明滤液,然后将透明滤液在压力-0.08MPa、温度0-100℃条件下进行减压蒸馏,回收除水剂及过量丙酮,继续在压力-0.095MPa、温度100-130℃条件下进行减压蒸馏,得到丙基三异丙烯氧基硅烷产品,产品检测含量≥98.5%,游离氯≤30ppm,质量收率(以丙基三氯硅烷投料量计算)≥110%,本发明克服现有制备工艺的不足,又能适合工业化批量生产。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
在连接有磁力搅拌、球型冷凝管、氮气导气管、恒压滴液漏斗的四口烧瓶中,加入232g(4mol)丙酮、0.0004g二氯化钯、105g(0.75mol)六次甲基四胺、2g原甲酸三甲酯,在恒压滴液漏斗加入177.5g(1mol)丙基三氯硅烷,接通氮气,在100转/分的搅拌速度下升温至80℃,滴加恒压漏斗中的丙基三氯硅烷,6小时滴加完毕,丙基三氯硅烷滴加完毕后,保持该温度反应2h,反应全程通氮气保护,反应压力为常压,反应完毕后得丙基三异丙烯氧基硅烷粗品,将丙基三异丙烯氧基硅烷粗品降温至20℃以下,然后在氮气的保护下,将副生成的六次甲基四胺盐酸盐经过滤去除得到透明滤液,最后将透明滤液先在压力-0.08MPa、温度0-100℃条件下进行减压蒸馏,回收原甲酸三甲酯及过量丙酮,再在压力-0.095MPa、温度100-130℃条件下进行减压蒸馏,收集到的无色透明液体即为丙基三异丙烯氧基硅烷产品201g,产品含量:98.6%,游离氯:8ppm,质量收率:113.2%。
实施例2:
在连接有磁力搅拌、球型冷凝管、氮气导气管、恒压滴液漏斗的四口烧瓶中,加入812g(14mol)丙酮、0.003g二氯化钯、420g(3mol)六次甲基四胺、6g原甲酸三甲酯,在恒压滴液漏斗加入710g(4mol)丙基三氯硅烷,接通氮气,在120转/分的搅拌速度下升温至90℃,滴加恒压漏斗中的丙基三氯硅烷,6小时滴加完毕,丙基三氯硅烷滴加完毕后,保持该温度反应2h,反应全程通氮气保护,反应压力为常压,反应完毕后得丙基三异丙烯氧基硅烷粗品,将丙基三异丙烯氧基硅烷粗品降温至20℃以下,然后在氮气的保护下,将副生成的六次甲基四胺盐酸盐经过滤去除得到透明滤液,最后将透明滤液先在压力-0.08MPa、温度0-100℃条件下进行减压蒸馏,回收原甲酸三甲酯及过量丙酮,再在压力-0.095MPa、温度100-130℃条件下进行减压蒸馏,收集到的无色透明液体即为丙基三异丙烯氧基硅烷产品854g,产品含量:98.7%,游离氯:9ppm,质量收率:120.3%。
实施例3:
在连接有磁力搅拌、球型冷凝管、氮气导气管、恒压滴液漏斗的四口烧瓶中,加入1914g(33mol)丙酮、0.006g二氯化钯、1050g(7.5mol)六次甲基四胺、18g原甲酸三甲酯,在恒压滴液漏斗加入1775g(10mol)丙基三氯硅烷,接通氮气,在110转/分的搅拌速度下升温至85℃,滴加恒压漏斗中的丙基三氯硅烷,6小时滴加完毕,丙基三氯硅烷滴加完毕后,保持该温度反应2h,反应全程通氮气保护,反应压力为常压,反应完毕后得丙基三异丙烯氧基硅烷粗品,将丙基三异丙烯氧基硅烷粗品降温至20℃以下,然后在氮气的保护下,将副生成的六次甲基四胺盐酸盐经过滤去除得到透明滤液,最后将透明滤液先在压力-0.08MPa、温度0-100℃条件下进行减压蒸馏,回收原甲酸三甲酯及过量丙酮,再在压力-0.095MPa、温度100-130℃条件下进行减压蒸馏,收集到的无色透明液体即为丙基三异丙烯氧基硅烷产品2107g,产品含量:98.9%,游离氯:4ppm,质量收率:118.7%。
Claims (1)
1.一种丙基三异丙烯氧基硅烷的制备方法,其特征在于:它包括以下步骤:
1)、在连接有磁力搅拌、球型冷凝管、氮气导气管、恒压滴液漏斗的四口烧瓶中,加入丙酮、二氯化钯、六次甲基四胺、原甲酸三甲酯;
2)、在恒压滴液漏斗加入丙基三氯硅烷,接通氮气,在100~120转/分的搅拌速度下升温至70~90℃,滴加恒压漏斗中的丙基三氯硅烷,丙基三氯硅烷滴加时间为6小时;
3)、丙基三氯硅烷滴加完毕后,保持70~90℃的温度反应2h,反应全程通氮气保护,反应压力为常压;反应完毕后得丙基三异丙烯氧基硅烷粗品;
4)、将丙基三异丙烯氧基硅烷粗品降温至20℃以下,然后在氮气的保护下,将副生成的六次甲基四胺盐酸盐经过滤去除得到透明滤液;
5)、将透明滤液先在压力-0.08MPa、温度0-100℃条件下进行减压蒸馏,回收原甲酸三甲酯及过量丙酮,然后在压力-0.095MPa、温度100-130℃条件下进行减压蒸馏,收集到的无色透明液体即为丙基三异丙烯氧基硅烷产品成品;
所述的氯化钯加入量为丙基三氯硅烷投料量的0.0002%—0.0005%。
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