CN105594649A - Tadpole culturing jar and culturing method for improving metamorphosis rate of Bufo gargarizans tadpoles - Google Patents
Tadpole culturing jar and culturing method for improving metamorphosis rate of Bufo gargarizans tadpoles Download PDFInfo
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- CN105594649A CN105594649A CN201610051615.6A CN201610051615A CN105594649A CN 105594649 A CN105594649 A CN 105594649A CN 201610051615 A CN201610051615 A CN 201610051615A CN 105594649 A CN105594649 A CN 105594649A
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- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 230000029052 metamorphosis Effects 0.000 title abstract description 13
- 241001415440 Bufo gargarizans Species 0.000 title abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 150
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxidochlorine(.) Chemical compound O=Cl=O OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019733 Fish meal Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004467 fishmeal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004155 Chlorine dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019398 chlorine dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001074085 Scophthalmus aquosus Species 0.000 claims description 4
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferric oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- BZSXEZOLBIJVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylsulfonylbenzoic acid Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O BZSXEZOLBIJVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004572 hydraulic lime Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 210000003194 forelimb Anatomy 0.000 description 13
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- JVMRPSJZNHXORP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ON=O.ON=O.ON=O.N Chemical compound ON=O.ON=O.ON=O.N JVMRPSJZNHXORP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 235000019784 crude fat Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000269420 Bufonidae Species 0.000 description 3
- ZKQDCIXGCQPQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Ca+2].Cl[O-].Cl[O-] ZKQDCIXGCQPQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- SCULJPGYOQQXTK-OLRINKBESA-N Cinobufagin Chemical compound C=1([C@@H]2[C@@]3(C)CC[C@@H]4[C@@]5(C)CC[C@H](O)C[C@H]5CC[C@H]4[C@@]43O[C@@H]4[C@@H]2OC(=O)C)C=CC(=O)OC=1 SCULJPGYOQQXTK-OLRINKBESA-N 0.000 description 2
- SCULJPGYOQQXTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cinobufagin Natural products CC(=O)OC1C2OC22C3CCC4CC(O)CCC4(C)C3CCC2(C)C1C=1C=CC(=O)OC=1 SCULJPGYOQQXTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000006909 Tilia x europaea Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940036811 bone meal Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000002374 bone meal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000269328 Amphibia Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000269417 Bufo Species 0.000 description 1
- XFIMEMVNMWDPRW-UHFFFAOYSA-O C1=C(OS(O)=O)C([N+](C)(C)CC2)=C3C2=CNC3=C1 Chemical compound C1=C(OS(O)=O)C([N+](C)(C)CC2)=C3C2=CNC3=C1 XFIMEMVNMWDPRW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 206010030113 Oedema Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000259 anti-tumor effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000000952 spleen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002435 venom Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001048 venom Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 231100000611 venom Toxicity 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/042—Introducing gases into the water, e.g. aerators, air pumps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a tadpole culturing jar and culturing method for improving a metamorphosis rate of Bufo gargarizans tadpoles. The culturing jar comprises a jar body; an oxygen increasing apparatus is arranged in the jar body; lands are laid at the bottom of the jar body. The method comprises the following steps: adding water into the culturing jar until the height of the water in the jar body is equal to the height of the lands; placing the tadpoles in the water in the jar body to carry out culturing; controlling conditions of the water in the jar body as follows: dissolved oxygen is 5.0 to 20.44mg/L, a pH value is 6.5 to 8.2, ammonia nitrogen content is 0.001 to 0.02mg/L, nitrite content is 0 to 0.042mg/L, hydrogen sulfide content is 0 to 0.205mg/L, a water temperature is 19.4 to 28.3 DEG C, and an average water temperature is 24.1 plus or minus 2.2 DEG C. The tadpole culturing jar and the culturing method are convenient for carry outing batch management on the tadpoles; the oxygen increasing apparatus can keep the sufficient dissolved oxygen in the water and is convenient for regulating the water quality condition in the jar; laying of the lands in the water in the culturing jar is beneficial to transition between the water and the lands in the later period of metamorphosis of the tadpoles; by controlling the water quality condition, a feeding density, a culturing feed and a food feeding quantity, the metamorphosis rate of the Bufo gargarizans tadpoles is further improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of tadpole culturing jar and cultural method that improves Chinese toad tadpole distortion ratio, belong to aquatic products and supportGrow field.
Background technology
Chinese toad Bufogargarizans is under the jurisdiction of Amphibia Amphibia Anura Anura Bufonidae BufonidaeBufo Bufo is conventional common medicinal animal. With the medicine (cinobufagin injection etc.) of toad severe edema due to hypofunction of the spleen soluble components exploitationIt is current domestic toad skin, dried venom of toads medicinal material and cinobufagin system that a large amount of toads of need of production provide toad skin, particularly Chinese toadThe main source of agent, the content of its antitumor active ingredient bufothionine is also higher, to the demand of Chinese toad day by dayIncrease. But environment in recent years is polluted and the deterioration of the ecological environment, and reduce gradually Chinese toad habitat, and wild resource sharplyDecline, ensure Chinese toad in order to protect wild resource and to meet clinical and Production requirement, carrying out to propagate artificially to becomeThe important channel in source. At present, Chinese toad artificial culture technology does not also reach standardization, causes toadlet in breeding processSurvival rate is low. The distortion ratio of toadlet survival rate and tadpole is closely related, improve the survival rate of toadlet, first will ensureTadpole will have higher distortion ratio in breeding process. Chinese toad tadpole to environmental condition particularly water quality have necessarilyRequirement, need adapt circumstance condition. Stocking density grows and physique when abnormal to tadpole, and then to becomingAfter state, the physique of the young can have a great impact. Food is the restriction factor of tadpole survival rate, also affects the metamorphosis of tadpoleRate and larva survive ratio. Propagating artificially in process, quantity and the density of the tadpole of raising are very large, depend merely on Natural WaterIn food can not meet their needs, must be to the tadpole feed of manually throwing something and feeding. Therefore, stocking density, fosterGrow feed and corresponding daily management and directly affect survival rate and the quality of tadpole.
Research adapt circumstance condition, reasonably stocking density, breeding feed and daily management, explore in a kind of raisingThe cultural method of China's toad tadpoles distortion ratio, can be for setting up standardization Chinese toad artificial culture technology system and answeringLay the first stone with popularization.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of tadpole culturing jar and cultural method that improves Chinese toad tadpole distortion ratio, shouldTadpole culturing jar can be tadpole applicable growing environment is provided, and the method is by controlling external environment, condition of water quality, raisingSupport density, breeding feed and feeding amount etc. and can improve the distortion ratio of Chinese toad tadpole.
Tadpole culturing jar provided by the invention, it comprises cylinder body, in described cylinder body, is provided with oxygen-increasing device; Described cylinder bodyBottom is equipped with land.
In above-mentioned tadpole culturing jar, the gas outlet of described oxygen-increasing device and the bottom of described cylinder body are provided with spacing, to preventThe obstruction of gas outlet.
In above-mentioned tadpole culturing jar, the area of the upper surface on described land can account for 1/3～1/2 of described cylinder base area,The height on described land can be 1/2～4/5 of described height of cylinder; Described land can adopt sand and fragment of brick to lay and form;A side of described cylinder body can be located in described land, facilitating feeding, change the measurement water quality of water and water quality; Described landCan be provided with for tadpole metamorphosis and log in the veil that the initial stage hides oneself, as small pieces of tiles; The contact position of described land and water canBe provided with slope, be convenient to the young between period of metamorphosis and log at any time He Xiashui, complete smoothly the transition between land and water; Described slopeAngle of inclination can be 27～45 degree, specifically can be 38.7 degree or 45 degree.
In above-mentioned tadpole culturing jar, described cylinder body can be cuboid, and its floor space can be 0.84～1.5m2, highlyCan be 0.5～0.6m, thickness can be 7～12mm (as 8～10mm); The material of described cylinder body can be glass.
In above-mentioned tadpole culturing jar, described cylinder body is provided with water inlet and discharge outlet, and described discharge outlet is located at described cylinder bodyThe marginal position of bottom, changes water to facilitate.
The present invention further provides and a kind ofly utilized above-mentioned tadpole culturing jar to carry out the method for tadpole cultivation, it comprises as followsStep: water flowing to the height of water in cylinder body and the height on land maintains an equal level in described culturing jar, and firm incubating tadpole is placed inIn water in described cylinder body, cultivate, the condition of controlling water in cylinder body is as follows: dissolved oxygen amount is 5.0～20.44mg/L,PH value is 6.5～8.2, and ammonia-nitrogen content is 0.001～0.02mg/L, and content of nitrite is 0～0.042mg/L, sulfurationHydrogen content is 0～0.205mg/L, and water temperature is 19.4～28.3 DEG C, and average water temperature is 24.1 ± 2.2 DEG C.
In above-mentioned method, described tadpole can be Chinese toad tadpole.
In above-mentioned method, described method also comprised the step that cylinder body is carried out disinfection before water flowing, was specially often flat20～30 grams of fresh quick limes of Fang meter Yong or 2～3 grams of bleaching powder are with water sterilization; After sterilization, rush with the water in sunning water poolWash the water yield of reinjecting and requiring after 3 times.
In above-mentioned method, dissolved oxygen amount can be controlled by the oxygen-increasing device in described cylinder body, the oxygenation of oxygen-increasing deviceThe 1.2m of providing per hour is provided measurer body3Air, maintain in the normal range (NR) of 5.0～20.44mg/L.
In above-mentioned method, described pH value can be controlled by add quick lime in water, is specially as pH in waterValue is less than at 6.5 o'clock, and every square metre is spilt 15～20 grams of quick limes, measures to pH value at 6.5～8.2 normal model while spillingIn enclosing.
In above-mentioned method, described ammonia-nitrogen content can be by 1) change water, 2) add chlorine dioxide or 3) add time chlorineAcid sodium is controlled, be specially when ammonia nitrogen in water is during higher than 0.02mg/L, by as lower any control:1) change water, 2) splash and raise in cylinder in tadpole with the chlorine dioxide of 5wt%, make the concentration of chlorine dioxide in water be5～10mg/L; 3) use clorox full pool spilling head, making the concentration of clorox in water is 0.3～0.5mg/L, finally makesIn water, ammonia nitrogen reaches the normal range (NR) of 0.001～0.02mg/L.
In above-mentioned method, described content of nitrite can be by 1) change water, 2) use zeolite powder, aluminium polychlorideOr active carbon controls, be specially when water Content of Nitrite Nitrogen is during higher than 0.042mg/L, by following 1)Or 2) control: 1) change water, 2) use zeolite powder, aluminium polychloride or active carbon to improve water quality, limit edgedMeasure, until water Nitrite Nitrogen reaches the normal range (NR) of 0～0.042mg/L.
In above-mentioned method, described hydrogen sulfide content can be controlled by add peroxidating calcium powder in water, is speciallyWhen hydrogen sulfide content in water is during higher than 0.1mg/L, the Xiang Shuizhong peroxidating calcium powder of splashing, measures while spilling, until water qualityReach the normal range (NR) of 0～0.1mg/L.
In above-mentioned method, described method also comprises the step that described culturing jar is placed in to culturing chamber, for the ease of ventilatingAnd shading, the surrounding of described culturing chamber is equipped with windowpane and supporting curtain; For the ease of keeping off the rain, when regulating illuminationBetween and temperature, the top of described culturing chamber is false ceiling, can open or close completely; Control in described culturing chamberCondition is as follows: temperature is 10.8～31.3 DEG C, and temperature on average is 19.6 ± 4.0 DEG C; Relative air humidity average out to72.6 ± 28.8% (can control by regular watering).
In above-mentioned method, the stocking density of controlling tadpole can be 500～1000/m2, specifically can be 500/m2Or 1000/m2。
In above-mentioned method, when described cultivation, at least feed 2 times every day, and feeding every day amount can be tadpole body weight8%～12% (as 10%), is specially in the first three days of firm incubating tadpole, and every day, the feeding amount of every tadpole was 0.3g,The feeding amount of every increase by 30% every day later;
In parts by weight, breeding feed is made up of the component of following umber:
28～43 parts of corn flour, 13～19 parts of beancake powders, 0～16 part of meat meal tankage, 6～17 parts of fish meal, B B-complex7～10 parts, 3～4 parts and yeast.
Combination feed after preparation is containing 25.1%～37.9% crude protein and 4.0%～5.7% crude fat.
Particularly, in parts by weight, described breeding feed can be by following 1) or 2) component of umber forms:
1) 28 parts of corn flour, 19 parts of beancake powders, 16 parts of meat meal tankages, 17 parts of fish meal, 3 parts of B B-complexes and10 parts, yeast;
2) 43 parts of corn flour, 13 parts of beancake powders, 0 part of meat meal tankage, 6 parts of fish meal, 4 parts of B B-complexes and fermentFemale 10 parts.
Before feeding, the above-mentioned combination feed preparing is added water and cooked, the time is about 30 minutes.
In the time that the abnormal later stage grows forelimb, stop feeding for tadpole; Due in same culturing jar, the growth of tadpoleHave individual difference period, therefore, in the abnormal later stage of tadpole, what the tadpole in same cylinder had grows forelimb, no longer ingest,What have does not grow forelimb, still ingest, thus should, according to the ratio that grows forelimb tadpole in culturing jar, reduce feeding amount,Until all tadpole grows after forelimb, stop feeding.
The inventive method can make Chinese toad tadpole distortion ratio reach 10.3% ± 4.62%, and does not carry out in outdoor great ChiThe distortion ratio of the Chinese toad tadpole control group that the inventive method cultivates is less than 0.1%.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) culturing jar of the present invention is convenient to tadpole to carry out job-lot control, in the time having a small amount of tadpole to occur illness, can fallThe infected danger of low other tadpoles. A certain size culturing jar is also convenient to regulate the condition of water quality in cylinder. Fill with oxygenationPut by inflating under water, can maintain dissolved oxygen amount enough in water, be conducive to maintain normal water quality index in water and toPeriod of metamorphosis tadpole provides enough oxygen supplies, improves metamorphosis and survival rate. Build 1/3 to 1/2 at the water middle berth of raising in cylinderThe land of area, is conducive to the abnormal later stage transition between land and water of tadpole, has further improved the change of Chinese toad tadpoleState survival rate.
(2) cultural method of the present invention is placed in culturing jar indoorly to carry out the raising of Chinese toad tadpole and complete its changeState process, is applicable to the environmental condition of growing indoor easy control tadpole, the less impact that is subject to extraneous mal-condition, withTime can effectively take measures to avoid the harm of natural enemy.
(3) cultural method of the present invention is controlled condition of water quality, stocking density, breeding feed and feeding amount by control and is enteredOne step has improved the metamorphosis and survival rate of Chinese toad tadpole.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of culturing jar of the present invention.
In Fig. 1, each mark is as follows:
1 cylinder body, 2 oxygen-increasing devices, 3 land, 4 veils, 5 slopes, 6 water inlets, 7 discharge outlet.
Detailed description of the invention
The experimental technique using in following embodiment if no special instructions, is conventional method.
Material, reagent etc. used in following embodiment, if no special instructions, all can obtain from commercial channels.
Mean value in following embodiment, as temperature on average, average relative humidity, average water temperature etc. are whole cultivationThe mean value of phase.
" the special efficacy lactic acid bone meal " that meat meal tankage produces purchased from Jiangsu Zheng Zheng bone meal factory; B B-complex is purchased from Dingzhou percentage one hundred" the active Jin Weita of percentage one hundred " that animal pharmaceutical estate Co., Ltd produces.
Embodiment 1, tadpole culturing jar
As shown in Figure 1, tadpole culturing jar of the present invention comprises that (floor space is 0.84～1.5m to a cuboid2, Gao Wei0.5～0.6m, thickness is 7～12mm) the material cylinder body 1 that is glass, in cylinder body 1, be provided with oxygen-increasing device 2, oxygenationThe gas outlet of device 2 and the bottom of cylinder body 1 are provided with spacing, and to prevent the obstruction of gas outlet, lay the bottom of cylinder body 1Having is highly 0.3～0.4m, and the surface area of removing slope is that the area of upper surface is 1/2～4/5 of cylinder base areaLand 3, this land 3 adopts sand and fragment of brick to lay and forms, land 3 is provided with for tadpole metamorphosis and logs in the initial stageThe veil 4 of hiding oneself, as small pieces of tiles, land 3 can be provided with slope 5 with the contact position of water, and its angle of inclination is 27～45The degree angle of cylinder base plane (with), is convenient to the young between period of metamorphosis and logs at any time He Xiashui, complete smoothly land and water itBetween transition, the sidewall of cylinder body is provided with water inlet 6, the marginal position place of bottom is provided with discharge outlet 7, to prevent water position mistakeHigh and be convenient to change water.
The cultivation of embodiment 2, Chinese toad tadpole
Adopt the tadpole culturing jar in embodiment 1 to cultivate, its floor space is 1.5m2, height is 0.6m, thickness is10mm, land height is 0.4m, the top of removing slope amasss as 0.5m2(account for cylinder bottom area 1/3), tiltedlyAngle of inclination, slope is 38.7 degree.
(1) sterilization: raise cylinder must carry out disinfection before use, sterilization method be every square metre fresh with 20～30 gramsQuick lime or 2～3 grams of bleaching powder are with water sterilization; After sterilization with the requirement of reinjecting after the water flushing in sunning water pool 3 timesThe water yield.
(2) cultivation:
The control of A, breeding environment: culturing jar is placed in culturing chamber, and the four sides of chamber has windowpane, and is equipped withCurtain, is convenient to ventilate and shading; Top is false ceiling, can open or close completely at any time to keep off the rain, regulating illuminationTime and temperature. Condition in culturing chamber is as follows: temperature keeps 10.8～31.3 DEG C, and temperature on average is 19.6 ± 4.0 DEG C,Relative air humidity average out to 72.6 ± 28.8% (controlling by regularly spreading water), atmospheric pressure average out to 1.005×105±0.015×105Pa (note: atmospheric pressure is actual measurement mean value).
The control of B, water condition: being filled to the culturing jar middle water level degree of depth is 0.4m; In cylinder, dissolved oxygen in water keeps 5.0～20.44(maintain dissolved oxygen amount enough in water with oxygen-increasing device by inflation under water 24 hours every days to mg/L, the adding of oxygen-increasing deviceOxygen amount is the 1.2m that provides per hour3Air), pH value is 6.5～8.2, in water, ammonia nitrogen is 0.001～0.02mg/L, waterNitrite Nitrogen is 0～0.042mg/L, and in water, hydrogen sulfide is 0～0.205mg/L, and water temperature is 19.4～28.3 DEG C, flatBe 24.1 ± 2.2 DEG C. Particularly,
In the time that in water, pH value is less than 6.5, every square metre is spilt 15-20 gram of quick lime, and while spilling, pH value determination is to 6.5 –8.2。
In the time that water temperature exceedes 24.1 DEG C, by shading and adding water at low temperature that water temperature is adjusted to 24.1 DEG C.
In the time of the not enough 5.0mg/L of dissolved oxygen in water, by the oxygenation of oxygen-increasing device, make dissolved oxygen in water reach 5.0 – 20.44mg/L。
When ammonia nitrogen in water is during higher than 0.02mg/L, should change in time water; Or splash and raise cylinder in tadpole with 5% chlorine dioxideIn, the concentration that makes water is 5-10mg/L; Or use clorox full pool spilling head, making water concentration is 0.3-0.5mg/L; ?Make eventually ammonia nitrogen in water reach the normal range (NR) of 0.001 – 0.02mg/L.
When water Content of Nitrite Nitrogen is during higher than 0.042mg/L, should change in time water, or use zeolite powder, polymerization chlorineChange aluminium or active carbon and improve water quality, limit edged is measured, until water Nitrite Nitrogen reaches the normal of 0 – 0.042mg/LScope.
When hydrogen sulfide content in water is during higher than 0.1mg/L, the peroxidating calcium powder of splashing in Ying Xiangshui, measures while spilling, straightReach the normal range (NR) of 0 – 0.1mg/L to water quality.
The control of C, stocking density: the stocking density of tadpole is 1000/m2。
D, breeding feed and inventory:
Breeding feed adopts combination feed, and in parts by weight, it is made up of the component of following mass fraction:
28 parts of corn flour, 19 parts of beancake powders, 16 parts of meat meal tankages, 17 parts of fish meal, 3 parts of B B-complexes and yeast10 parts.
In each component, the content of crude protein and crude fat is as shown in table 1, and before feeding, the combination feed preparing is added water and cooked,Time is 30 minutes.
The contained crude protein of each component and crude fat are as shown in table 1 below.
The content of each component crude protein and crude fat in table 1 feed
Every day feeding at least 2 times, feeding every day amount is 10% left and right of tadpole body weight, is specially the head of firm incubating tadpoleIn 3 days, every day, the feeding amount of every tadpole was 0.3g, the feeding amount of later every day of every increase by 30%. For tadpoleIn the time that the abnormal later stage grows forelimb, stop feeding. Due in same culturing jar, the developmental stage of tadpole has individual differenceDifferent, therefore, in the abnormal later stage of tadpole, what the tadpole in same cylinder had grows forelimb, no longer ingests, have do not grow beforeLimb, still ingests, thus should, according to the ratio that grows forelimb tadpole in culturing jar, reduce feeding amount, until whole KeTadpole grows after forelimb, stops feeding.
During cultivation, make regular check on, prevent that culturing jar from occurring that the anomalies such as spilling water and intensifier quit work occur.The ight soil that the dirt of periodic cleaning cultivation waters bottom and tadpole drain etc., to keep the environmental sanitation in culturing jar.Find that dead tadpole removes in time, ammonia nitrogen in pH value, water in Timing measurement temperature, water temperature, dissolved oxygen in water, water,Hydrogen sulfide in water Nitrite Nitrogen and water, keeps water quality normal, keeps a record, and pinpoints the problems and processes in time.
The distortion ratio of Chinese toad tadpole is calculated in cultivation for 75 days afterwards, wherein, and distortion ratio=(the tadpole number that survives after metamorphosis/The tadpole sum of throwing in) × 100%, result shows, Chinese toad tadpole distortion ratio reaches 10.3% ± 4.62%, andIn outdoor great Chi, do not adopt the distortion ratio of the Chinese toad tadpole control group that the inventive method cultivates to be less than0.1％。
The cultivation of embodiment 3, Chinese toad tadpole
Adopt the tadpole culturing jar in embodiment 1 to cultivate Chinese toad tadpoles, its floor space is 0.84m2, heightFor 0.5m, thickness is 8mm, and land height is 0.4m, removes the top long-pending (area of upper surface) on slopeFor 0.28m2(account for cylinder bottom area 1/3), its angle of inclination is 45 degree.
(1) sterilization: raise cylinder must carry out disinfection before use, sterilization method be every square metre fresh with 20～30 gramsQuick lime or 2～3 grams of bleaching powder are with water sterilization; After sterilization with the requirement of reinjecting after the water flushing in sunning water pool 3 timesThe water yield.
(2) cultivation:
The control of A, breeding environment: culturing jar is placed in culturing chamber, and the four sides of chamber has windowpane, has curtain,Be convenient to ventilate and shading; Top is false ceiling, can open or close completely at any time to keep off the rain, the regulating illumination time andTemperature. Condition in control culturing chamber is as follows: temperature keeps 10.8～31.3 DEG C, and temperature on average is 19.6 ± 4.0 DEG C, skyGas relative humidity average out to 72.6 ± 28.8%, atmospheric pressure average out to 1.005 × 105±0.015×105pa。
The control of B, water condition: being filled to the culturing jar middle water level degree of depth is 0.3m; In cylinder, dissolved oxygen in water keeps 5.0～20.44(maintain dissolved oxygen amount enough in water with oxygen-increasing device by inflation under water 24 hours every days to mg/L, the adding of oxygen-increasing deviceOxygen amount is the 1.2m that provides per hour3Air), pH value is 6.5～8.2, in water, ammonia nitrogen is 0.001～0.02mg/L, waterNitrite Nitrogen is 0～0.042mg/L, and in water, hydrogen sulfide is 0～0.205mg/L, and water temperature is 19.4～28.3 DEG C, flatBe 24.1 ± 2.2 DEG C. Particularly,
In the time that in water, pH value is less than 6.5, every square metre is spilt 15-20 gram of quick lime, and while spilling, pH value determination is to 6.5 –8.2。
In the time that water temperature exceedes 24.1 DEG C, by shading and adding water at low temperature that water temperature is adjusted to 24.1 DEG C.
In the time of the not enough 5.0mg/L of dissolved oxygen in water, by the oxygenation of oxygen-increasing device, make dissolved oxygen in water reach 5.0 – 20.44mg/L。
When ammonia nitrogen in water is during higher than 0.02mg/L, should change in time water; Or splash and raise cylinder in tadpole with 5% chlorine dioxideIn, the concentration that makes water is 5-10mg/L; Or use clorox full pool spilling head, making water concentration is 0.3-0.5mg/L; ?Make eventually ammonia nitrogen in water reach the normal range (NR) of 0.001 – 0.02mg/L.
When water Content of Nitrite Nitrogen is during higher than 0.042mg/L, should change in time water, or use zeolite powder, polymerization chlorineChange aluminium or active carbon and improve water quality, limit edged is measured, until water Nitrite Nitrogen reaches the normal of 0 – 0.042mg/LScope.
When hydrogen sulfide content in water is during higher than 0.1mg/L, the peroxidating calcium powder of splashing in Ying Xiangshui, measures while spilling, straightReach the normal range (NR) of 0 – 0.1mg/L to water quality.
The control of C, stocking density: the stocking density of tadpole is 500/m2。
D, breeding feed and inventory:
Breeding feed adopts combination feed, and in parts by weight, it is made up of the component of following mass fraction:
43 parts of corn flour, 13 parts of beancake powders, 0 part of meat meal tankage, 6 parts of fish meal, 4 parts of B B-complexes and yeast 10Part.
In each component, the content of crude protein and crude fat is as shown in table 1, and before feeding, the combination feed preparing is added water and cooked,Time is 30 minutes.
The contained crude protein of each component and crude fat are as shown in table 1 below.
The content of each component crude protein and crude fat in table 1 feed
Every day feeding at least 2 times, feeding every day amount is 10% left and right of tadpole body weight, is specially the head of firm incubating tadpoleIn 3 days, every day, the feeding amount of every tadpole was 0.3g, the feeding amount of later every day of every increase by 30%. For tadpoleIn the time that the abnormal later stage grows forelimb, stop feeding. Due in same culturing jar, the developmental stage of tadpole has individual differenceDifferent, therefore, in the abnormal later stage of tadpole, what the tadpole in same cylinder had grows forelimb, no longer ingests, have do not grow beforeLimb, still ingests, thus should, according to the ratio that grows forelimb tadpole in culturing jar, reduce feeding amount, until whole KeTadpole grows after forelimb, stops feeding.
During cultivation, make regular check on, prevent that culturing jar from occurring that the anomalies such as spilling water and oxygen-increasing device quit work occur.The ight soil that the dirt of periodic cleaning cultivation waters bottom and tadpole drain etc., to keep the environmental sanitation in culturing jar.Find that dead tadpole removes in time, ammonia nitrogen in pH value, water in Timing measurement temperature, water temperature, dissolved oxygen in water, water,Hydrogen sulfide in water Nitrite Nitrogen and water, keeps water quality normal, keeps a record, and pinpoints the problems and processes in time.
Cultivate after 75 days, calculate the distortion ratio of Chinese toad tadpole, result shows, Chinese toad tadpole distortion ratio reaches10.3% ± 4.62%, and in outdoor great Chi, do not adopt Chinese toad tadpole control group that the inventive method cultivatesDistortion ratio is less than 0.1%.
Above-described embodiment only for clearly illustrate a kind of cultural method that improves Chinese toad tadpole distortion ratio for example, andIt not the restriction to embodiment. For those of ordinary skill in the field, on the basis of the above description alsoCan make other multi-form variation. Here exhaustive without also giving all embodiments, and by thisThe apparent variation that method is extended out is still among protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a tadpole culturing jar, is characterized in that: it comprises cylinder body, in described cylinder body, is provided with oxygen-increasing device; InstituteThe bottom of stating cylinder body is equipped with land.
2. culturing jar according to claim 1, is characterized in that: at the bottom of the area on described land accounts for described cylinder body1/3～1/2 of portion's area, the height on described land is described height of cylinder 1/2～4/5; Described land adopt sand andFragment of brick is laid and is formed.
3. culturing jar according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described land is provided with for tadpoleMetamorphosis logs in the veil that the initial stage hides oneself; The contact position of described land and water is provided with slope.
4. according to the culturing jar described in any one in claim 1-3, it is characterized in that: described cylinder body can be cuboidShape, its floor space is 0.84～1.5m2, be highly 0.5～0.6m, thickness is 7～12mm.
5. utilize the method that in the claims 1-4, the culturing jar described in any one carries out tadpole cultivation, its bagDraw together following steps: water flowing to the height of water in cylinder body and the height on land maintains an equal level in described culturing jar, and tadpole is placed inIn water in described cylinder body, cultivate, the condition of controlling water in cylinder body is as follows: dissolved oxygen amount is 5.0～20.44mg/L,PH value is 6.5～8.2, and ammonia-nitrogen content is 0.001～0.02mg/L, and content of nitrite is 0～0.042mg/L, sulfurationHydrogen content is 0～0.205mg/L, and water temperature is 19.4～28.3 DEG C, and average water temperature is 24.1 ± 2.2 DEG C.
6. method according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described tadpole is Chinese toad tadpole.
7. according to the method described in claim 5 or 6, it is characterized in that: described pH value by adding life in waterLime is controlled, be specially every square metre and spill 15～20 grams of quick limes, measures to pH value 6.5～8.2 while spillingIn scope; Described ammonia-nitrogen content is controlled by changing water, add chlorine dioxide or adding clorox, described in addChlorine dioxide is specially with the chlorine dioxide that quality percentage composition is 5% splashes in described cylinder body, makes titanium dioxide in waterThe concentration of chlorine is 5～10mg/L, described in add clorox and be specially with clorox and splash in cylinder body, make in water timeThe concentration of sodium chlorate is 0.3～0.5mg/L; Described content of nitrite is by changing water, Zeolite Addition powder, polymerization chlorinationAluminium or active carbon are controlled; Described hydrogen sulfide content is controlled by add peroxidating calcium powder in water.
8. according to the method described in any one in claim 5-7, it is characterized in that: described method also comprises describedCulturing jar is placed in the step of culturing chamber; The surrounding of described culturing chamber is equipped with windowpane and supporting curtain, and top is for livingMoving ceiling; The condition in described culturing chamber controlled is as follows: temperature is 10.8～31.3 DEG C, and temperature on average is 19.6 ± 4.0 DEG C;Relative air humidity average out to 72.6 ± 28.8%.
9. according to the method described in any one in claim 5-8, it is characterized in that: the stocking density of controlling tadpole is500～1000/m2。
10. according to the method described in any one in claim 5-9, it is characterized in that: when described cultivation, every day extremelyFeed 2 times less, just in the first three days of incubating tadpole, every day, every tadpole feeding amount 0.3g, every of later every day increased by 30%Feeding amount; In parts by weight, breeding feed is made up of the component of following umber: 28～43 parts of corn flour, beancake powder7～10 parts, 13～19 parts, 0～16 part of meat meal tankage, 6～17 parts of fish meal, 3～4 parts of B B-complexes and yeast.
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