CN103918588B - A kind of Holothuria scabra seed ginseng wintering method - Google Patents
A kind of Holothuria scabra seed ginseng wintering method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of wintering method of Holothuria scabra seed ginseng, this Holothuria scabra seed ginseng wintering method comprises the survive the winter selection of seed ginseng and process, Holothuria scabra seed ginseng of Holothuria scabra and to survive the winter the construction of system, the input of seed ginseng, environmental management of surviving the winter, bait throwing in management, the step such as regulating and controlling water quality and disease control, and this system of surviving the winter comprises wintering pond, roof insulating and culvert system.Present invention accomplishes Holothuria scabra seed ginseng to survive the winter required various requirement, enable Holothuria scabra seed ginseng safe overwintering, this wintering method can increase substantially the overwintering survival rate of Holothuria scabra seed ginseng, its survival rate can reach more than 90%, body weight gain rate reaches more than 23%, and gonad development quality is good, and the method and system effectively can solve current Holothuria scabra seed ginseng and to survive the winter a difficult problem, for Holothuria scabra artificial breeding provides healthy and strong seed ginseng, effectively realize culture benefit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to holothruian cultures field, particularly relate to a kind of Holothuria scabra seed ginseng wintering method.
Background technology
Holothuria scabra (
holothuria Scabra) be a kind of tropical sea cucumber, be commonly called as bright jade ginseng, BAISHASHEN, be mainly distributed in India-region, Western Pacific, be mainly distributed in Xisha, Nansha and Hainan Island and Xuwen, Guangdong one band in China.Holothuria scabra not only has very high nutritive value, more has high medical value, is one of well received edible precious marine product of south China.
In recent years, because excessive adopting is caught, the quantity of Holothuria scabra declines year by year, and supply falls short of demand in market, and for solving the contradiction in market and resource, artificial breeding and the cultivation of Holothuria scabra are arisen at the historic moment at the coastal south.What first the artificial breeding of sea cucumber will overcome is exactly adopts and catches or cultivate individual large, healthy and strong seed ginseng that fish brood amount maturity that is many, ovum is good as parent, and the cultivation of seed ginseng is directly connected to the success of artificial breeding and the quality of seed.The most suitable growth water temperature due to Holothuria scabra is 20 ~ 30 DEG C; when water temperature is lower than 15 DEG C; Holothuria scabra feeding activity reduces and even stops ingesting; body weight no longer increases or occurs negative growth; and when the coastal south water temperature in winter often has lower than 10 DEG C, therefore, the breeding that Holothuria scabra seed ginseng success is survived the winter directly affects next year is produced; form the large-scale production of Holothuria scabra, first will solve a difficult problem of surviving the winter for Holothuria scabra seed ginseng.
At present, special Holothuria scabra seed ginseng is not also had to survive the winter facility and method, conventional method is that culturing pool Holothuria scabra seed ginseng being moved to firing equipment is survived the winter, and because this winter condition is relatively simple and crude, is difficult to the demand of surviving the winter meeting Holothuria scabra, Holothuria scabra is often caused to occur higher M & M at overwintering period, survival rate is only 50% ~ 60%, and meanwhile, the seed ginseng sexual gland after surviving the winter is degenerated, Quality Down, directly causes fry quality low failed with artificial breeding.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of Holothuria scabra seed ginseng wintering method, meet the various environmental demand of surviving the winter of Holothuria scabra seed ginseng, reduce the incidence of disease and the lethality of Holothuria scabra overwintering period, Holothuria scabra is successfully survived the winter, finally for Holothuria scabra artificial breeding and cultivation provide healthy and strong seed ginseng.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of Holothuria scabra seed ginseng wintering method, comprise the following steps:
(1) Holothuria scabra is survived the winter the selection of seed ginseng;
(2) Holothuria scabra seed ginseng is survived the winter the construction of system: within the scope of distance seashore 100 m to 150 m, dig and build a cement feed coefficient as wintering pond, the above ground portion above wintering pond builds a roof insulating, in addition, arrange a culvert system to connect with wintering pond, the other end connects with seawater;
(3) input of seed ginseng;
(4) daily management:
1. to survive the winter environmental management
2. bait throwing in management;
3. regulating and controlling water quality;
4. disease control.
Described Holothuria scabra is survived the winter the step of selection of seed ginseng, be select that body weight>=180 g, muscle are full, body surface without wound, irritant reaction is fast to external world healthy Holothuria scabra as seed ginseng; The input of described seed ginseng is when natural waters water temperature is lower than 18 DEG C, the Holothuria scabra seed ginseng selected is moved into system of surviving the winter, before entering pond, first carries out the sterilization of seed ginseng body surface with disinfectant; The breeding density of seed ginseng controls at 2 ~ 5/m
2;
Described daily management step, comprises following content:
1. to survive the winter environmental management: overwintering period, reduce the noise that manual operation brings, keep intensity of illumination at 300 ~ 800Lx, wintering pond water temperature controls between 22 ~ 25 DEG C, keeps oxygen in water at more than 5.5mg/L;
2. bait throwing in management: seed ginseng is moved to wintering pond not bait throwing on the same day, within 2 ~ 5 days afterwards, increase daily ration, feeding quantity gradually, adapt to survive the winter after system environments to Holothuria scabra seed ginseng, Holothuria scabra seed ginseng body weight of throwing something and feeding every day 2% Holothuria scabra special compound feed, the shallow sea silt of splashing once fresh every 2 days, every 50m
2the water surface is once splashed the fresh silt of 1kg;
3. regulating and controlling water quality: Holothuria scabra seed ginseng wintering pond water is husky filter sterilization and the nature seawater of sterilizing, seed ginseng is moved to wintering pond and do not change water the same day, 2 ~ 5 day afterwards every day changed water 2 times, total quantity of exchanged water is 10% of total Water in wintering pond, after seed ginseng conforms, change water 15 ~ 20% altogether twice daily in morning and evening; Control the fertile degree of water, if liquid manure or water thin, then microorganism water transfer preparation regulating reservoir water of suitably splashing;
4. disease control: make regular check on algae phase and bacterium phase in the system of surviving the winter, guarantee that useful algae and beneficial bacterium are occupied an leading position in the system of surviving the winter, reduces the generation of disease; Check Holothuria scabra seed ginseng active situation every day, once the discovery state of an illness, find quality problem, courses of infection or other reasons in time, take corresponding water transfer, pond, dipping in time or disinfect measure, mix bait with vitamin and strong ginseng element afterwards to throw something and feed, conditioning enteron aisle.
System of surviving the winter described in the wintering method of Holothuria scabra seed ginseng provided by the invention, comprise wintering pond, the roof insulating with ventilating opening, venetian shutters and door and the culvert system with filter sterilization device, described roof insulating is positioned at above described wintering pond, described culvert system connects described wintering pond, sea sand is covered with bottom described wintering pond, bottom is equipped with several deflector and gas exhausting stone, is equipped with Thermostatic water heaters in wintering pond.Described wintering pond is cement feed coefficient, and the roof insulating with ventilating opening, venetian shutters and door regularly can realize the convection current of canopy inner air and outer air, keeps air in canopy fresh, also can effectively adjust light in canopy.With the culvert system of filter sterilization device, the direct seawater from transferring out in the sea can be carried out disinfection, can effectively reduce the seed ginseng incidence of disease and lethality.Water in wintering pond promotes to same direction (clockwise or counterclockwise) by the air-flow that deflector guides, and makes to form clockwise or counterclockwise uniform and stable current in wintering pond, guarantees that in pond, dissolved oxygen is fully balanced.
Described wintering pond pool wall becomes inclined-plane to arrange, and is provided with a ladder inside wintering pond, and under facilitating poultry feeders, pond operates.
Described sea sand height is 5 ~ 10cm, can meet the habit that Holothuria scabra perches the husky end, and sterile-processed.
Described gas exhausting stone is connected with air pump by tracheae, plays oxygenation and under deflector effect, forms the effect of slow-flowing stream.
Described roof insulating top is made up of heat-barrier material, can effectively keep temperature in the system of surviving the winter.
Described culvert system also comprises suction pump, water inlet pipe and drainpipe, and water inlet pipe one end connects with suction pump, and the other end connects with wintering pond, and drainpipe is positioned at wintering pond lower center position, can run up to central foul discharge wintering pond after circulating; Be provided with described filter sterilization device in the middle of described water inlet pipe, water inlet pipe enters wintering pond by after suction pump extraction nature seawater after filtration chlorination equipment.
The system of surviving the winter of the present invention is built within the scope of bank 100 m to 150 m off sea, is introduce nature seawater for convenience, the more important thing is that seed ginseng of surviving the winter can sense tide bulge and fall, makes the environment of wintering pond closer to nature.
System of surviving the winter of the present invention, the dark and area in pond can design according to different demand, 1.5 ~ 2.0m as dark in pond, area 10 ~ 500m
2not etc., or the wintering pond that differs of multiple area be connected.
The ventilating opening of roof insulating of the present invention and venetian shutters number and large I design according to actual conditions.
The suction pump of culvert system of the present invention can select immersible pump or dried up pump according to actual needs.
By the design to each building block different size, the needs of different environment of surviving the winter, object and quantity can be met, expand the scope of application of this system of surviving the winter.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: Holothuria scabra seed ginseng wintering method of the present invention, to be survived the winter by Holothuria scabra the selection of seed ginseng, Holothuria scabra seed ginseng is survived the winter the construction of system, the input of seed ginseng, to survive the winter environmental management, bait throwing in manages, regulating and controlling water quality, the methods such as disease control, meet Holothuria scabra seed ginseng to survive the winter required various requirement, enable Holothuria scabra seed ginseng at a proper temperature, bait throwing in is reasonable, survive the winter under the environment of water quality safety, improve Holothuria scabra seed ginseng overwintering survival rate and seed ginseng quality, the method effectively can solve current Holothuria scabra seed ginseng and to survive the winter a difficult problem, for Holothuria scabra artificial breeding provides healthy and strong seed ginseng, effectively realize culture benefit.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that in the present invention, Holothuria scabra seed ginseng is survived the winter entire system schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is schematic diagram when Holothuria scabra seed ginseng survives the winter in the wintering pond of system gas exhausting stone water conservancy diversion in the present invention.
Reference numeral
1-wintering pond, 2-roof insulating, 4-ground
11-sea sand, 12--Thermostatic water heaters 13-seed ginseng
14-gas exhausting stone, 15-deflector, 16-ladder
21-door, 22-ventilating opening, 23-venetian shutters
24-heat insulation ceiling 31-suction pump, 32-water inlet pipe
33-filter sterilization device, 34-drainpipe.
Embodiment
For the ease of the understanding of those skilled in the art, below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the present invention is described further, and the content that embodiment is mentioned not is limitation of the invention.
See Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the present embodiment Holothuria scabra seed ginseng is survived the winter the construction of system: within the scope of distance seashore 100 m to 150 m, dig and build a dark 1.5 ~ 2.0m, area 10 ~ 500m
2and bottom be the cement feed coefficient of rectangle as wintering pond 1, wintering pond 1 is built within the scope of bank 100 m to 150 m off sea, is introduce nature seawater for convenience, the more important thing is that seed ginseng of surviving the winter can sense tide bulge and fall, makes the environment of wintering pond closer to nature; Wintering pond 1 pool wall is that inclined-plane is arranged, and has ladder 16 in one side, and under facilitating poultry feeders, pond operates.Wintering pond 1, after cleaning is disinfected, spreads a layer height and is 5 ~ 10cm and sterile-processed sea sand 11 bottom it, to meet the habit that Holothuria scabra perches the husky end, is equipped with a Thermostatic water heaters 12 in wintering pond 1, in addition, this system of surviving the winter also has one to connect with wintering pond 1 with the culvert system of filter sterilization device 33, described culvert system also comprises suction pump 31, water inlet pipe 32 and drainpipe 34, water inlet pipe 32 one end connects with suction pump 31, the other end connects with wintering pond 1, drainpipe 34 is positioned at wintering pond 1 lower center position, described filter sterilization device 33 is provided with in the middle of described water inlet pipe 32, water inlet pipe 32 extracts nature seawater by suction pump 31 and enters wintering pond 1 after chlorination equipment 33 after filtration, the depth of water 60 ~ 80cm, open Thermostatic water heaters 12 and water temperature is transferred to 22 ~ 25 DEG C, and keep certain water temperature, bottom wintering pond, the same side (the unified left side or the right) at four angles respectively arranges one piece of deflector 15, the inner side of deflector 15 is provided with gas exhausting stone 14, gas exhausting stone 14 is connected on air pump by tracheae, when air pump works, as shown in Figure 2, pool inner water body rotates under the water conservancy diversion of deflector 15 along same direction, is formed and stablizes slow-flowing stream, and keep the dissolved oxygen of more than 5.5mg/L.But, the bottom shape of this wintering pond is not to be arranged to rectangle, can arrange according to specific needs, several deflector is set bottom wintering pond, described gas exhausting stone is positioned at the same side of deflector, namely several gas exhausting stone is all positioned at the left side of deflector or is all positioned at the right side of deflector, thus is convenient to water conservancy diversion.
Above ground portion above wintering pond 1 has the roof insulating 2 of a high 2.0 ~ 3.0m, roof insulating 2 comprises a door 21, multiple ventilating opening 22 and venetian shutters 23, roof insulating 2 top is the heat insulation ceiling 24 that heat-barrier material is made, Holothuria scabra seed ginseng 13 is transported in wintering pond 1 and raises, open ventilating opening 22 according to actual conditions and make the convection current of canopy inner air and outer air, adjustment venetian shutters 23 controls light in wintering pond 1, each environmental condition controlled to survive the winter in demand substantially meeting Holothuria scabra seed ginseng, its cultivation dirt discharges wintering pond 1 through drainpipe 34.
In an embodiment, employ the wintering method of above-mentioned system of surviving the winter, comprise the following steps:
(1) Holothuria scabra is survived the winter the selection of seed ginseng: select body weight >=180g, preferred body weight be about 205g, muscle is full, body surface without wound, to external world irritant reaction fast (contracting muscles rapidly after touching) healthy Holothuria scabra totally 300 as seed ginseng;
(2) Holothuria scabra seed ginseng is survived the winter the construction of system: as described in embodiment above;
(3) input of seed ginseng: when natural waters water temperature is lower than 18 DEG C, carefully moves into A, B two wintering ponds in the system of surviving the winter, wherein A wintering pond area 30m by the Holothuria scabra seed ginseng selected
2, put seed ginseng 100, B wintering pond area 50m
2, put seed ginseng 200, before entering pond, first with disinfectant, body surface sterilization carried out to seed ginseng.
(4) daily management:
to survive the winter environmental management: overwintering period, system environments peace and quiet of surviving the winter should be kept, reduce the noise etc. that manual operation brings, simultaneously, Holothuria scabra is more responsive to illumination, should intensity of illumination be reduced, after indoor sunshade, keep intensity of illumination proper at 300 ~ 800Lx, light should be soft, avoid direct sunlight, wintering pond water temperature should control between 22 ~ 25 DEG C, keeps oxygen in water at more than 5.5mg/L.
2. bait throwing in management: Holothuria scabra seed ginseng overwintering period, activity is little, and appetite is corresponding minimizing also, and overwintering period bait throwing in strategy mainly controls daily ration, feeding quantity, ensures bait high-quality and nutrition; Move to wintering pond not bait throwing on the same day, within 2 ~ 5 days afterwards, increase daily ration, feeding quantity gradually, after survive the winter system environments to the adaptation of Holothuria scabra seed ginseng, throw something and feed by normal daily ration, feeding quantity, 2% Holothuria scabra special compound feed of Holothuria scabra seed ginseng body weight of throwing something and feeding every day, the shallow sea silt of splashing once fresh every 2 days, the amount of splashing depending on the wintering pond water surface, general 50m
2the water surface fresh silt of 1kg of once splashing is proper.
regulating and controlling water quality: Holothuria scabra seed ginseng wintering pond water should be husky filter sterilization and the nature seawater of sterilizing, overwintering period quantity of exchanged water is little, keep water quality pure and fresh, pollution-free, move to wintering pond and do not change water the same day, 2 ~ 5 day afterwards every day changed water 2 times, total quantity of exchanged water is 10% of total Water in wintering pond,, after seed ginseng conforms, change water 15 ~ 20% altogether twice daily in morning and evening, meanwhile, suitably to splash microorganism water transfer preparation (mainly containing EM bacterium, photosynthetic bacteria, the raw element of profit etc.) regulating reservoir water depending on pond water water colour.
4. disease control: make regular check on algae phase and bacterium phase in the system of surviving the winter, inoculate useful algae (being mainly benthic diatom) and a certain amount of microorganism formulation of splashing (main containing EM bacterium, photosynthetic bacteria and bacillus etc.) as the case may be to adjust, useful algae and beneficial bacterium are occupied an leading position in the system of surviving the winter, reduces the generation of disease; Check Holothuria scabra seed ginseng active situation every day, once the discovery state of an illness, find quality problem, courses of infection or other reasons in time, take the treatment measures such as corresponding water transfer, pond, dipping or sterilization depending on concrete condition in time, mix bait with vitamin, strong ginseng element etc. afterwards to throw something and feed, conditioning enteron aisle.
The system of surviving the winter of building according to the method described above carries out the winter test of Holothuria scabra seed ginseng, and on November 24th, 2012 starts, and in 26, on March of precision management to 2013, concrete outcome is as follows:
, find on inspection, about 80% seed ginseng gonad development is full meanwhile, and enriched nutritive was raised to mid-April, carried out artificial propagation smoothly.
Above embodiment is just in order to describe the present invention in detail, and do not limit the present invention, technical scheme of the present invention is applicable to any tropical sea cucumber seed ginseng and survives the winter.
Claims (8)
1. a Holothuria scabra seed ginseng wintering method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) Holothuria scabra is survived the winter the selection of seed ginseng;
(2) Holothuria scabra seed ginseng is survived the winter the construction of system: in distance seashore 100m to 150m scope, dig and build a cement feed coefficient as wintering pond, above ground portion above wintering pond builds a roof insulating, in addition, arrange a culvert system one end to connect with wintering pond, the other end connects with seawater;
(3) input of seed ginseng;
(4) daily management:
1. to survive the winter environmental management;
2. bait throwing in management;
3. regulating and controlling water quality;
4. disease control;
Described Holothuria scabra is survived the winter the step of selection of seed ginseng, be select that body weight>=180g, muscle are full, body surface without wound, irritant reaction is fast to external world healthy Holothuria scabra as seed ginseng; The input of described seed ginseng is when natural waters water temperature is lower than 18 DEG C, the Holothuria scabra seed ginseng selected is moved into system of surviving the winter, before entering pond, first carries out the sterilization of seed ginseng body surface with disinfectant; The breeding density of seed ginseng controls at 2 ~ 5/m
2; Described daily management step, comprises following content:
1. to survive the winter environmental management: overwintering period, reduce the noise that manual operation brings, keep intensity of illumination at 300 ~ 800Lx, wintering pond water temperature controls between 22 ~ 25 DEG C, keeps oxygen in water at more than 5.5mg/L;
2. bait throwing in management: seed ginseng is moved to wintering pond not bait throwing on the same day, within 2 ~ 5 days afterwards, increase daily ration, feeding quantity gradually, adapt to survive the winter after system environments to Holothuria scabra seed ginseng, Holothuria scabra seed ginseng body weight of throwing something and feeding every day 2% Holothuria scabra special compound feed, the shallow sea silt of splashing once fresh every 2 days, every 50m
2the water surface is once splashed the fresh silt of 1kg;
3. regulating and controlling water quality: Holothuria scabra seed ginseng wintering pond water is husky filter sterilization and the nature seawater of sterilizing, seed ginseng is moved to wintering pond and do not change water the same day, 2 ~ 5 day afterwards every day changed water 2 times, total quantity of exchanged water is 10% of total Water in wintering pond, after seed ginseng conforms, change water 15 ~ 20% altogether twice daily in morning and evening; Control the fertile degree of water, if liquid manure or water thin, then microorganism water transfer preparation regulating reservoir water of suitably splashing;
4. disease control: make regular check on algae phase and bacterium phase in the system of surviving the winter, guarantee that useful algae and beneficial bacterium are occupied an leading position in the system of surviving the winter; Check Holothuria scabra seed ginseng active situation every day, once the discovery state of an illness, find quality problem, courses of infection or other reasons in time, take corresponding water transfer, pond, dipping in time or disinfect measure, mix bait with vitamin and strong ginseng element afterwards to throw something and feed, conditioning enteron aisle.
2. a kind of Holothuria scabra seed ginseng wintering method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the described Holothuria scabra seed ginseng system of surviving the winter comprises wintering pond, the roof insulating with ventilating opening, venetian shutters and door and the culvert system with filter sterilization device; Described roof insulating is positioned at above described wintering pond, and described culvert system connects described wintering pond, is covered with sea sand bottom described wintering pond, and bottom is equipped with several deflector and gas exhausting stone, is equipped with Thermostatic water heaters in described wintering pond.
3. a kind of Holothuria scabra seed ginseng wintering method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described wintering pond pool wall is that inclined-plane is arranged.
4. a kind of Holothuria scabra seed ginseng wintering method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, the inner side of described wintering pond is provided with a ladder.
5. a kind of Holothuria scabra seed ginseng wintering method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the height of described sea sand is 5 ~ 10cm.
6. a kind of Holothuria scabra seed ginseng wintering method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described gas exhausting stone is connected with air pump by tracheae.
7. a kind of Holothuria scabra seed ginseng wintering method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described roof insulating top is made up of heat-barrier material.
8. a kind of Holothuria scabra seed ginseng wintering method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described culvert system also comprises suction pump, water inlet pipe and drainpipe, water inlet pipe one end connects with suction pump, the other end connects with wintering pond, drainpipe is positioned at wintering pond lower center position, is provided with described filter sterilization device in the middle of described water inlet pipe.
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| CN108207719A (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2018-06-29 | 丹阳市香逸林果专业合作社 | A kind of wintering method of freshwater mussel |
| CN109169433A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-01-11 | 福海县海龙民贸贸易发展有限公司 | Assist parent population oviposition system |
| CN112704031A (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2021-04-27 | 深圳市太丰东方海洋生物科技有限公司 | Seedling raising and breeding method for holothuria fuscogilva |
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| CN101919358A (en) * | 2010-07-19 | 2010-12-22 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Method for breeding tilapia at two seasons in one year |
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| CN103355232A (en) * | 2013-07-10 | 2013-10-23 | 丹阳市淸云农业发展有限公司 | Overwintering method for ampullaria gigas |
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