CN101518213B

CN101518213B - High efficient culturing process of Chinese sturgeon

Info

Publication number: CN101518213B
Application number: CN2008100338578A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 庄平; 章龙珍; 刘鉴毅; 张涛; 黄晓荣; 赵峰; 冯广朋
Original assignee: East China Sea Fishery Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
Current assignee: East China Sea Fishery Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
Priority date: 2008-02-25
Filing date: 2008-02-25
Publication date: 2011-01-26
Anticipated expiration: 2028-02-25
Also published as: CN101518213A

Abstract

A high efficient culturing process of Chinese sturgeons relates to the seed culturing of Chinese sturgeons, requiring establishing a set of culturing process from the age of 0 day old to the accomplishment of the feeding habit transformation to improve the survival rate of the seeds. The culturing process comprises a culturing pond, light irradiation, flowing water, water depth, a hidden place andfeeding habit domestication and is characterized in that 1200 to 1500 lx light intensity, water flowing speed of 1 to 2 cm/sec, and water depth of 60 to 80 centimeters are provided when the Chinese s turgeon is from 0 day old to 7 days old; the hidden place is provided or the light intensity is reduced to full dark at the age from 8 days old to 18 days old; the background color of the young seed cultivating pool is changed to light color or white after the Chinese sturgeon is 19 days old; and weaning food is provided at the age from 11 days old to 12 days old; and feeding habit domestication begins at the age from 26 days old to 28 days old, the food of the young seeds is adjusted, and food change domestication is carried out as follows: artificial feed accounts for 5 percent of total feeding amount in the first day, then the proportion of the artificial feed increases by 5 percent on the basis of the original artificial feed when one day passes, full artificial feed is fed at the twentieth day, and the water flowing speed is increased to be 15cm/sec during the period.

Description

Mandarin sturgeon high efficiency seedling cultivating technology

Technical field:

The present invention relates to mandarin sturgeon seed rearing technology.

Background technology:

Mandarin sturgeon (A.sinensis Gray) belongs to Gadiformes, and sturgeon section, sturgeon belong to, and is the large-scale fish of a kind of river sea migration, simultaneously, also is a kind of ancient Chondrostei, about so far more than 200,000,000 years, has the title of " living fossil ".As few survivors's kind that the Cretaceous period left behind, divide cloth cover narrow, the quantity rareness, resource constantly fails, and now has been in Critical Condition.Mandarin sturgeon is a kind of age at sexual maturity fish in evening, the female 16-18 that needs, and the male 9-16 that needs just can reach sexual maturity.The annual 7-8 month, the mandarin sturgeon parent population in entering maturing stage enters the entrance of Changjiang River, trace back the river and on, arrive Upper Yangtze River Jinsha jiang River section egg reproduction in the 10-11 month in next year.1981; because the building of Ge Zhou Ba river construction has been blocked the egg-laying migration passage of mandarin sturgeon; force the river section egg reproduction of 7 kilometers of the parent populations of small part in the downstream, Ge Zhou Ba; part parent population sexual gland is degenerated irreproducible; a small amount of fish-egg of output is because the eating in a large number of predator fish (only less than 10% fish-egg can incubation of membrane); mandarin sturgeon wild stocks stock number constantly descends; from 1981 to 1999 19 in the period of; young sturgeon recruitment stock and the close sturgeon recruitment stock of mandarin sturgeon have reduced 80% and 90% respectively; resource is among the serious decline, is listed in animals under first-class state protection in 1988.Nineteen eighty-two, the tackling key problem through scientific research has realized the artificial propagation of mandarin sturgeon under the Ge Zhou Ba.Improve incubation rate of mandarin sturgeon and the survival rate of seedling by artificial propagation.Yet owing to the specificity of its kind, breed by late autumn in cultivating process for the mandarin sturgeon seedling, cultivate winter, a little less than the seed premunition, large batch of death occurs in the fry rearing process, the survival rate of seedling only is 10-30%, and this has become " bottleneck " factor of restriction artificial culture mandarin sturgeon.Though the seed rearing facility is transformed; and take some relative measures; put the density of seed in a suitable place to breed as adjustment; the water temperature in pond is cultivated in control; guarantee sufficient dissolved oxygen; keep good condition of water quality etc.; in these traditional methods; all only pay attention to the extrinsic factor of seed rearing link, fundamentally do not understand inner behavior habit in its natural environment, provide in the different phase of seed rearing to be fit to the needed environmental condition of specific growth; fundamentally do not solve the cultivation key issue of seedling; make that the survival rate of seedling is extremely unstable, this gives the protection of mandarin sturgeon species, and the propagation of germ plasm resource amount produces influence greatly.

Summary of the invention

The technical issues that need to address of the present invention are according to the mandarin sturgeon early stage history of life and behavioural characteristic, and best habitat is provided in good time, set up one and overlap since 0 age in days to finishing the cultivating technique that feeding habits transform, the raising survival rate of young.

Cultivating technique of the present invention comprises cultivates pond, illumination, flowing water, the depth of water, sheltered situation, domestication, it is characterized in that the 0-7 age in days provides 1200-1500lx intensity of illumination, 1-2cm/sec water velocity, depth of water 60-80cm; The 8-18 age in days provides the sheltered situation or reduces illuminance for complete black; The background color that changes the seedling culture pond behind 19 ages in days is a light color or white; The 11-12 age in days provides open-mouthed bait; The 26-28 age in days begins domestication, adjust the bait of seedling and change the food domestication: the 1st day, artitificial food accounts for 5% of the total amount of throwing something and feeding, later every increase by 1 day, the ratio of artitificial food is 5%, the 20 day total man worker's bait of throwing something and feeding of corresponding increase on former basis, through 20 days domestication, change the food rate and reach more than 90%, improving water flow velocity during this is 15cm/sec.

Technology of the present invention is to formulate according to early stage history of life of mandarin sturgeon and early stage growth behavior habit, metamorphosis; meet the requirement of mandarin sturgeon seedling culture; greatly improved the survival rate of seedling large-scale cultivation, survival rate of young is brought up to more than 80%.

Embodiment

Mandarin sturgeon prelarva behind the demoulding has the light of becoming at the 0-7 age in days, typical behavioural characteristic such as make progress the end of from swimming and migration etc., increase suitable intensity of illumination in the fry rearing room, the seedling pond increases the current of water, intensity of illumination is 1200-1500lx, the flow velocity of water is 1-2cm/sec, the prelarva happiness of this period is perched at water at the middle and upper levels, and seed rearing pond keeps the shallow slightly water level of 60-80cm during this, to reduce coercing seed.

At the 8-17 age in days, the mandarin sturgeon prelarva has the behavioural characteristic of concealing, and fry has stopped migration during this, according to this habit, reduces the stimulation of flowing water.Mandarin sturgeon prelarva covert behavior is the critical period of developmental stage, and the many crucial growth course behind the embryo is to finish in this stage, provides the sheltered situation, cave very necessary.Because the hidden time is longer, at nursery pond support is set, uses the black cloth shading, form complete black, spacious sheltered situation, satisfy early stage behavioral requirements, the accumulation of avoiding seeking a large amount of prelarvas of causing the sheltered situation simultaneously produces local anoxic and extruding causes seedling death.The mandarin sturgeon prelarva is hidden a spot of 15% covert behavior to occur since 7 ages in days, all hidden to 8,9,10 ages in days, 11 age in days prelarvas have 50% to come out from the shelter, 12,13,14 ages in days have 65% prelarva to come out from the shelter, the prelarva that comes out is subsequently increased gradually, 18 ages in days, prelarva all comes out from the sheltered situation.In this process, handle progressively covers black cloth the raising gradually of cultivating on the pond, provides illumination to the prelarva that comes out earlier, and this is that prelarva grows a very important important step, and is extremely important to the survival rate that improves seedling.

The 11-12 age in days has 50% mandarin sturgeon prelarva to come out from things concealed, and prelarva all has the habit of the white habitat of hobby, this habit and the direct relation of having ingested.This period the open-mouthed bait of in time throwing something and feeding, behind 18 ages in days, treat that prelarva all comes out from the sheltered situation after, cultivate the background color in pond and select light color or white, help prelarva and find food, improve the grazing rate of seedling, the water of cultivating the pond added be deep to 130-150cm.According to the diel movement rhythm and pace of moving things of prelarva, the motion frequency on daytime is stronger than the night behind the initial feeding, increases the feeding volume on daytime.

The 26-28 age in days carries out the seedling domestication, and the 1st day, artitificial food accounted for 5% of the total amount of throwing something and feeding, later every increase by 1 day, and the ratio of artitificial food is 5%, the 20 day total man worker's bait of throwing something and feeding of corresponding increase on former basis.Through 20 days domestication, change the food rate and reach more than 90%, improving water flow velocity during this is 15cm/sec.

Claims

1. the mandarin sturgeon seedling raising process comprises and cultivates pond, illumination, flowing water, the depth of water, sheltered situation, domestication, it is characterized in that the 0-7 age in days provides 1200-1500lx intensity of illumination, 1-2cm/sec water velocity, depth of water 60-80cm; The 8-18 age in days provides the sheltered situation or reduces illuminance for complete black; The background color that changes the seedling culture pond behind 19 ages in days is a light color; The 11-12 age in days provides open-mouthed bait; The 26-28 age in days begins domestication, adjust the bait of seedling and change the food domestication: the 1st day, artitificial food accounts for 5% of the total amount of throwing something and feeding, later every increase by 1 day, the ratio of artitificial food is 5%, the 20 day total man worker's bait of throwing something and feeding of corresponding increase on former basis, through 20 days domestication, change the food rate and reach more than 90%, improving water flow velocity during this is 15cm/sec.

2. mandarin sturgeon seedling raising process according to claim 1, it is characterized in that treating that prelarva all comes out from the sheltered situation after, the water of cultivating the pond added be deep to 130-150cm.