CN112119974A - Method for increasing later-stage survival rate of bullfrog tadpoles - Google Patents
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the later-stage survival rate of bullfrog tadpoles, which belongs to the technical field of cultivation and comprises four aspects of cultivation pond environment control, seedling release, feeding and water quality management. Aiming at the characteristics of the bullfrog in the later period of tadpoles, the invention optimizes the culture mode of the tadpoles from the black bean period to the metamorphosis period, correspondingly improves the culture environment, the water quality control and the feeding mode, improves the later survival rate of the tadpoles to 92 percent, and ensures that the specifications of froglets after metamorphosis are 60/jin; compared with the existing survival rate of about 70 percent and the specification of 70-80 kg/kg, the method has obvious advantages.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of breeding, in particular to a method for improving the later-stage survival rate of bullfrog tadpoles.
Background
Bullfrog belongs to vertebrate phylum, belongs to Amphinaceae of Annelida; the meat quality is white and tender, the nutritive value is high, the taste is delicious, and the high-grade nutritional food contains high protein and low fat.
The growth of bullfrog tadpoles can be divided into early and later stages: wherein prophase is about 0-40 days after hatching from the egg; the later period is about 40 days until the tadpole tails disappear and grow into froglets; the distinguishing standard of the early stage and the later stage is the body shape of the bullfrog tadpoles, and the bullfrog tadpoles enter the later stage when growing into black beans.
The feeding rate of tadpoles is gradually increased from the black bean period to the metamorphosis period, and the feeding mode mainly based on powder has large pollution and much waste on water; because the powder is water-soluble, the content of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in the water body is easily increased, and the eating condition of tadpoles is difficult to observe and control; in addition, the feeding area can cause larger powder waste, so that uneven feeding and uneven eating are easily caused, and the enteritis, digestive system diseases and ascites of tadpoles are caused by excessive feeding of part of tadpoles; resulting in low survival rate and large physical variation among individuals.
The tadpoles sink to the water bottom and do not eat materials in the metamorphosis period from the tadpoles to the four feet, the nutrient substances in the body are consumed, the metabolite is discharged to pollute the water body, meanwhile, if the substrate is poor, the tadpoles die in the metamorphosis period or the metamorphosis tadpoles are poor in physique, the growth of the tadpoles is influenced, in addition, the poor feeding in the period can cause the waste of the feed, because the metamorphosis tadpoles are not eaten normally, and the metamorphosis tadpoles do not eat materials.
Therefore, improvement needs to be carried out on the tadpole culture mode in the later stage, the specification uniformity of the tadpoles is improved, and the survival rate in the later stage is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at the problems in the prior art, provides a method for improving the survival rate of bullfrog tadpoles in the later period, and aims at the period from hatching to growing of limbs of the bullfrog tadpoles.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the method is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for improving the survival rate of bullfrog tadpoles in the later period comprises the following steps:
controlling the environment of the culture pond: the water depth in the culture pond is more than or equal to 50 cm; a sunshade net is arranged above the culture pond; controlling the pH value of the pond water to be 7-8; the water temperature is 20-28 ℃; the nitrite content is less than or equal to 0.1 mg/ml; the ammonia nitrogen content is less than or equal to 0.3mg/ml, and the dissolved oxygen is more than or equal to 5 m/L;
seedling releasing: tadpoles are placed in the culture pond with the density of 400-2；
Feeding: feeding the tadpole with feed accounting for 2% -8% of the tadpole weight every day; the feed comprises powder and an expanded material; feeding for 2-3 times every day; the feeding area is less than or equal to 20 percent of the water surface area each time;
water quality management: the water change amount is less than or equal to 20 percent of the total water amount every day; and when the pH value, the water temperature, the nitrite content, the ammonia nitrogen content and the dissolved oxygen of the pond water exceed the ranges, the water change amount is increased until the pond water returns to the numerical value range.
Preferably, in the feeding step: along with the increase of the tadpole cultivation time, the proportion of the expanded feed in the feed is gradually increased; when all tadpoles are in the metamorphosis period, the proportion of the expanded feed in the feed is 100 percent.
Preferably, in the seedling releasing step: the tadpoles need to be screened, and the screening standards are that the length of the tadpole head is more than or equal to 2cm, the tail length is more than or equal to 3cm, and the weight is 150 plus 200 pieces/jin.
Preferably, in the step of controlling the environment of the culture pond, the pond water needs to be disinfected after being put into the pond water.
Preferably, in the step of controlling the environment of the culture pond, an interception net is arranged on the side of the culture pond.
Preferably, in the feeding step: when the eating speed exceeds 30min or the belly becomes transparent; reducing feeding or stopping feeding; and simultaneously splashing enrofloxacin or florfenicol into the culture pond.
Preferably, in the feeding step: spraying VC phosphate ester and beta-1 and 3D glucan in the culture pond every day 1-3 days before culture; the dosage of VC phosphate ester and beta-1, 3D glucan is not less than 10g/m3。
Preferably, in the water quality management step: and cleaning excrement and solid sundries at the bottom of the culture pond every 2 days.
Preferably, in the water quality management step: putting the calcium peroxide, the chlorine dioxide and the sodium humate chelating agent into the culture pond once every week; the adding amount of the calcium peroxide is more than or equal to 1g/m2(ii) a The adding amount of the chlorine dioxide is more than or equal to 1g/m2(ii) a The adding amount of the sodium humate chelating agent is 4-6 kg/mu.
Aiming at the characteristics of the bullfrog in the later period of tadpoles, the invention optimizes the culture mode of the tadpoles from the black bean period to the metamorphosis period, correspondingly improves the culture environment, the water quality control and the feeding mode, improves the later survival rate of the tadpoles to 92 percent, and ensures that the specifications of froglets after metamorphosis are 60/jin; compared with the existing survival rate of about 70 percent and the specification of 70-80 kg/kg, the method has obvious advantages.
Detailed Description
The following specific examples are provided to further illustrate the present invention so that those skilled in the art may better understand the invention and practice it, but the examples are not intended to limit the invention. Other various modifications, substitutions and alterations of the above-described structures of the present invention will occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the basic technical spirit of the invention as described herein.
The growth stages of bullfrogs are sequentially divided into:
ovum → tadpole → long hind limb → long forelimb → young frog (tail disappearance) → adult frog.
Wherein it takes 4-5 days for the eggs to hatch into tadpoles; the tadpoles need to grow into froglets for 3-5 months; about 3 months are required for young frogs to become frogs of 0.6-0.7 jin, and about one month is required for becoming frogs of 0.6-0.7 jin to become bullfrogs which can be sold on the market.
The invention is directed to the stage from black bean size to froglet before the eggs are hatched into tadpoles 40. After the bullfrog tadpoles are hatched for 40 days, the black bean stage is defined as the size of black beans; the stage from long hind limb to tail disappearance is the metamorphosis phase.
The four culture ponds are numbered as No. 1, No. 2, No. 3 and No. 4 respectively; the culture conditions and the management mode of each culture pond are the same.
Preparing the environment in the culture pond before culture:
the width of the pool is 6 meters, the length of the pool is 12 meters, and the depth of the pool is 1 meter; putting 50-70cm of water; intercepting nets are arranged around the culture pond; a sunshade net is arranged above the culture pond; the intercepting net and the sunshade net can play the roles of intercepting birds and sundries and properly shading sunlight.
After water is discharged, quicklime is used for disinfecting pool water, and the using amount is 100g/m2(ii) a Then controlling the pH value of the pond water to be 7-8; the water temperature is 20-28 ℃; the nitrite content is less than or equal to 0.1 mg/ml; the content of ammonia nitrogen is less than or equal to 0.3 mg/ml.
The bottom of the tank is matched with a 2KW oxygenation pump; each oxygenation pump is provided with 20 microporous discs which are distributed in the pool for aeration, and the dissolved oxygen is kept to be more than or equal to 5 m/L.
Seedling releasing:
selecting a head length of more than or equal to 2cm, a tail length of more than or equal to 3cm, a weight of 150 plus 200 tails/jin, breeding 16 thousands of bullfrog tadpoles in the black bean period in a breeding pond, wherein 4w tails of each pond are equivalent to 555 tails/m2(ii) a 400-2The culture density of (2).
Feeding with feed:
the feed feeding of tadpoles in the later period is to gradually reduce the feeding amount of the tadpoles, wherein the feeding amount of the tadpoles in each day is 2-8% of the weight of the tadpoles, and the feed feeding method specifically comprises the following steps:
in the black bean period, the feed amount of about 8 percent of the tadpole fed with the tadpole every day is equivalent to 10 kg/ten thousand of tails;
gradually reducing the transition stage when partial tadpoles begin to enter the metamorphosis period to 5% of the body weight of the tadpoles fed every day; equivalent to 6-10 kg/ten thousand tails;
when all tadpoles enter the metamorphosis period, gradually reducing the weight of the tadpoles to about 2% of the weight of the tadpoles fed every day; equivalent to 2-4 kg/ten thousand tails.
When the feed is fed every day, the feed amount required every day is fed for 2-3 times, and the water surface area of the splashing area of each feed is less than or equal to 20 percent.
Observing the states of the tadpoles during feeding each time, and when the tadpoles eat for more than 30min each time, or the tadpoles gather to the edge of the culture pond, or the belly becomes transparent; feeding needs to be stopped or the feeding amount needs to be reduced, half of feeding amount is reduced in the first day of disease incidence, meanwhile, enrofloxacin or florfenicol is used for feeding with the mixture, and the dosage is 1g/kg of feed; stopping feeding when tadpoles die; and (5) feeding normally until the tadpole state is recovered to be normal.
The feed formula comprises:
the feed for tadpoles consists of powder and puffed material; the tadpole is fed with full powder in the early stage; the requirements in the early stage and the later stage of the cultivation are different; if the whole powder is still used for feeding in the later period, water body pollution and insufficient nutrient content are easily caused. Therefore, expanded feed needs to be added in the later period of cultivation to meet the requirement of nutrition and reduce waste.
During feeding, expansion material domestication is needed for tadpoles; namely, the proportion of the expanded feed in the feed is gradually added, which specifically comprises the following steps:
feeding the powder completely in the first three days;
from the fourth day, the mass ratio of the powder material to the expanded material in the feed is 80% to 20%, and then the mass ratio of 5% of the expanded material is increased every day until the mass ratio of the expanded material reaches 60%;
and when 80% of tadpoles in the culture pond enter the metamorphosis period, continuously increasing the proportion of the expanded materials every day, and after 3-5 days, completely using the expanded materials.
The formula of the powder material is as follows: 40 parts of fish meal, 25 parts of fermented soybean meal, 20 parts of flour, 12.8 parts of rice bran, 0.2 part of Tongwei multivitamin F11V 0.2 and 29M 2 parts of Tongwei multiore F.
The production process of the powder comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing all the components, and then performing puffing granulation; then carrying out superfine grinding; pulverizing, and sieving with 80 mesh sieve.
The formula of the expanded material is as follows: 25-35 parts of fish meal, 5-10 parts of enzymolysis chicken powder, 15-25 parts of fermented soybean meal, 15-30 parts of 46CP soybean meal, 15-25 parts of flour, 5-10 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 2-4 parts of fish oil, 2-4 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.2 part of Tongwei multi-vitamin F11V 0.2, and 29M 2 parts of Tongwei multi-mineral F29
The production process of the expanded material comprises the following steps: the components are uniformly mixed and then are subjected to puffing granulation, and the puffing degree is between 1.6 and 1.7.
Meanwhile, in order to increase the resistance of tadpoles, 0.5kg of VC phosphate ester, 0.5kg of beta-1 and 0.5kg of 3D glucan are splashed in the culture pond every day on the 1 st to 3 rd days of culture; from day 4, 0.5kg of VC phosphate ester and 0.5kg of beta-1 and 3D glucan are sprinkled into the culture pond every other day.
Monitoring water quality:
after seedling release, the water amount is changed to be 20% of the total water amount every day, and the pH value, the water temperature, the nitrite content, ammonia nitrogen and dissolved oxygen are monitored in real time; and when the index exceeds the range, increasing the water exchange amount until the index is recovered to be normal.
And cleaning the excrement at the bottom of the culture pond every 2 days.
Sterilizing with 0.5g/m chlorine dioxide once per week2(ii) a The calcium peroxide is used for changing the bottom once a week, and the dosage is 1g/m2(ii) a Using a sodium humate chelating agent to purify debris and germs in the water body every week; the dosage of the sodium humate chelating agent is 4-6 kg/mu.
After all tadpoles cultured in No. 1, 2, 3 and 4 culture ponds are changed into froglets, the survival rates of the tadpoles are respectively 92%, 95%, 90% and 92%; the average survival rate is 92.25%. Meanwhile, the size of the frogs is 60/jin. Compared with the average survival rate of 70% of the prior art, the froglet has a size of 70-80 tails/jin which is greatly improved.
Claims (9)
1. A method for improving the survival rate of bullfrog tadpoles in the later period is characterized by comprising the following steps:
controlling the environment of the culture pond: the water depth in the culture pond is more than or equal to 50 cm; a sunshade net is arranged above the culture pond; controlling the pH value of the pond water to be 7-8; the water temperature is 20-28 ℃; the nitrite content is less than or equal to 0.1 mg/ml; the ammonia nitrogen content is less than or equal to 0.3mg/ml, and the dissolved oxygen is more than or equal to 5 m/L;
seedling releasing: tadpoles are placed in the culture pond with the density of 400-2；
Feeding: feeding the tadpole with feed accounting for 2% -8% of the tadpole weight every day; the feed comprises powder and an expanded material; feeding for 2-3 times every day; the feeding area is less than or equal to 20 percent of the water surface area each time;
water quality management: the water change amount is less than or equal to 20 percent of the total water amount every day; and when the pH value, the water temperature, the nitrite content, the ammonia nitrogen content and the dissolved oxygen of the pond water exceed the ranges, the water change amount is increased until the pond water returns to the numerical value range.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said method comprises the steps of: the feeding step comprises the following steps: along with the increase of the tadpole cultivation time, the proportion of the expanded feed in the feed is gradually increased; when all tadpoles are in the metamorphosis period, the proportion of the expanded feed in the feed is 100 percent.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein said method comprises the steps of: the seedling releasing step comprises: the tadpoles need to be screened, and the screening standards are that the length of the tadpole head is more than or equal to 2cm, the tail length is more than or equal to 3cm, and the weight is 150 plus 200 pieces/jin.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein said method comprises the steps of: in the step of controlling the environment of the culture pond, the pond water needs to be disinfected after being put into the pond water.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein said method comprises the steps of: in the step of controlling the environment of the culture pond, an interception net is arranged on the side of the culture pond.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein said method comprises the steps of: the feeding step comprises the following steps: when the eating speed exceeds 30min or the belly becomes transparent; reducing feeding or stopping feeding; and simultaneously splashing enrofloxacin or florfenicol into the culture pond.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein said method comprises the steps of: the feeding step comprises the following steps: spraying VC phosphate ester and beta-1 and 3D glucan in the culture pond every day 1-3 days before culture; the dosage of VC phosphate ester and beta-1, 3D glucan is not less than 10g/m3。
8. The method of claim 1, wherein said method comprises the steps of: the water quality management step comprises: and cleaning excrement and solid sundries at the bottom of the culture pond every 2 days.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein said method comprises the steps of: the water quality management step comprises: putting the calcium peroxide, the chlorine dioxide and the sodium humate chelating agent into the culture pond once every week; the adding amount of the calcium peroxide is more than or equal to 1g/m2(ii) a The adding amount of the chlorine dioxide is more than or equal to 1g/m2(ii) a The adding amount of the sodium humate chelating agent is 4-6 kg/mu.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115500318A (en) * | 2022-10-18 | 2022-12-23 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | Method for industrially cultivating young bullfrogs indoors |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| KR20070118500A (en) * | 2006-06-12 | 2007-12-17 | 양우진 | A method for farming immature american bullfrogs and a method for using immature american bullfrogs as feed |
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| CN115500318A (en) * | 2022-10-18 | 2022-12-23 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | Method for industrially cultivating young bullfrogs indoors |
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