CN106818559B - A kind of non-hungry tame and docile food method of Mandarin fish - Google Patents
A kind of non-hungry tame and docile food method of Mandarin fish Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106818559B CN106818559B CN201710073175.9A CN201710073175A CN106818559B CN 106818559 B CN106818559 B CN 106818559B CN 201710073175 A CN201710073175 A CN 201710073175A CN 106818559 B CN106818559 B CN 106818559B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- tame
- food
- docile
- mandarin fish
- pond
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of non-hungry tame and docile food method of Mandarin fish.The method of the present invention include tame and docile food pond (case), disinfection, oxygenation, water quality requirement, put in a suitable place to breed and sterilize and tame and docile eat etc. main contents and step, have the characteristics that method is simple, it is short to tame and docile the food time, it is high, small to Mandarin fish growth effect to tame and docile food rate, the Mandarin fish of 5 7cm can start cluster through 45 days tame and docile foods and ingest artificial diet, once domestication rate repeats to tame and docile food rate more than 90% up to more than 75%.The present invention will change at present with the industry Situation of live bait cultivation Mandarin fish, have huge conversion demand and wide application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of aquaculture, the non-starvation for being related to a kind of artifical compound feed of Mandarin fish tames and dociles food side
Method.
Background technology
Mandarin fish is also known as mandarin fish, belongs to mandarin fish section, mandarin fish category, it is widely distributed with China's fresh water rivers and lakes, species have Mandarin fish,
Spot mandarin fish, Siniperca kneri, dark mandarin fish etc., wherein the most universal with Mandarin fish.Mandarin fish is full of nutrition, fine and tender taste, delicious flavour, element with
Rare fish are famous, the Tang Dynasty poet Zhang Zhi and the praise verse for once writing " egression flies Cisse in front of the mountains, peach blossom flowing water mandarin fish fertilizer ".
It is mainly Mandarin fish in addition to a small amount of Siniperca kneri, spot mandarin fish in China mandarin fish cultivates.Mandarin fish belongs to typical fierce
Violent property fish.From the eighties in last century, China different regions have successively started the artificial propagation that mandarin fish is wherein mainly Mandarin fish
With cultivating and having grasped artificial breeding technology, 1992 annual outputs are up to 3500 tons or so.Development through more than 20 years, Mandarin fish is at me
There are cultivation, wherein 2,014 29.3 ten thousand tons of annual outputs, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan and Zhejiang in state's major part province
The ground such as river are main culturing area, it has also become one of important emerging aquaculture kind in China.
Mandarin fish is typical predacious fish, using fishes and shrimps living as food in natural water area, it is difficult to tame and docile food.To being at present
Only, cultivation Mandarin fish is substantially all using live bait cultural method, is intended to feed enough and suitable living baits in each cultivation stages.
Therefore, the supporting agreeable to the taste bait for specially cultivating pool cultivated Mandarin fish is wanted in Mandarin fish cultivation, general bait aquaculture pond is with sticking up mouth
The ratio between mandarin fish aquaculture pond is about 4:1, bait problem becomes the bottleneck of Mandarin fish cultivation sustainable development.
It is one of key technology for breaking through Mandarin fish artifical compound feed that Mandarin fish, which tames and dociles food technology and method,.Predacious fish
It is typically using the progressively method of domestication transition of first stopping eating again in tame and docile food, often the tame and docile food time is longer for this method, influences to tame and docile
Eat growth and the survival rate of object, carry out under non-starvation taming and dociling at present there has been no mandarin fish food report (though tame and docile food in mandarin fish
There are some reports, be related to hungry, feed attractant).The present invention uses artifical compound feed under the conditions of not stopping eating to Mandarin fish
Carry out taming and dociling food, breach and tame and docile food technology with the key of the traditional live bait aquaculture model of mixed feed replacement, establish Mandarin fish and support
Grow and tame and docile tame and docile the food method and technology of the slitless connection between food.The present invention is with method is simple, the tame and docile food time is short, domestication rate is high
The characteristics of, the application of patent is of great significance China's Mandarin fish aquaculture development, and prospect is very wide.
The content of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of non-hungry tame and docile food method of Mandarin fish.
The present invention carries out tame and docile food that is, under the situation do not stopped eating using non-hungry tame and docile food method using artitificial food.
The method of the present invention include tame and docile food pond (case), disinfection, oxygenation, water quality requirement, put in a suitable place to breed and sterilize and tame and docile food etc. mainly
Content and step, have the characteristics that method is simple, it is short to tame and docile the food time, tame and docile food rate height, is few to Mandarin fish growth effect, Mandarin fish warp
4~5 days tame and docile foods can start cluster and ingest artificial diet, and once domestication rate is up to more than 75%, repeat to tame and docile food rate and exist
More than 90%.
Step (1), tame and docile food pond (case) preparation
Food is tamed and dociled for Mandarin fish, should not be too large, preferably uses indoor pond or common net cage.
Tank interior shape square or rectangular, 5~10m of area2, the high 1.0~1.2m in pond, bottom of pond inclination, if into
The pipeline of draining；
Net cage size is 3m × 3m × 2m (length × width × height), or 2.5m × 3m × 2m (length × width × height), mesh 1cm,
Net cage bottom is molded with stent support made of network interface surrounding galvanized pipe or other materials.
Step (2), tame and docile food pond (case) disinfection
Sterilized before putting in a suitable place to breed using quick lime formula bleaching powder；
Tame and docile food pond 250-300g/m2Quick lime 10-15g/m2Bleaching powder full pool spilling head disinfection, after 2-3 days injection newly
Water, new water 20mg/L lime disinfections；
Net cage uses 200-250mg/L lime water soaking disinfections before use, and 100- is used in the pond of intercropping net cage per acre
150kg lime disinfections.
Step (3), tame and docile food pond (case) oxygenation
Tame and docile food pond inflator pump oxygenation, one aeration head of every square metre of setting；
Pond aerator and the bottom oxygenation of net cage are set, and it is 1.0-1.5kw to configure power per acre；
Step (4), water quality requirement
Water nonpollution, 25~35cm of transparency, pH value are 7.0~8.5, and dissolved oxygen is more than 5mg/L.
Step (5), put in a suitable place to breed and fry disinfection
The Mandarin fish fry for selecting specification to be 4~more than 5cm put in a suitable place to breed with taming and dociling food, the preferably fry of 5~7cm of specification；
The breeding density of Mandarin fish fry will properly increase when taming and dociling food, and specification is the fry of 5~7cm, and breeding density is in room
With 300~500 tails/m in interior pond2, 500~800 tails/m in net cage2It is advisable.
When putting in a suitable place to breed, Mandarin fish fry 20mg/L liquor potassic permanganates, which soak 3~5 minutes, to be sterilized.
Step (6), tame and docile food
Mandarin fish is fed on the day of putting in a suitable place to breed using live bait, uses the mode that Articial bait making progressively substitutes live bait from next day instead
It is timed fixed point to feed, in the morning 6:00~7:00, afternoon 17:30~18:30 respectively feed once.When tame and docile food, open
Tame and docile food pond (case) bottom oxygenation or inflator pump.
During food is tamed and dociled, bait composition is altered in steps, through the tame and docile food of 4~5 days, Mandarin fish had begun to cluster intake people
Work mixed feed.
Cultivated through 2 weeks or so, the Mandarin fish for having absorbed mixed feed and the Mandarin fish individual for not yet absorbing mixed feed are big
Small existing notable difference, can carry out point foster at this time.The Mandarin fish fry that specification is big, belly is full is filtered out and tames and dociles food pond and turns
Enter to cultivating pool or net cage and cultivated with mixed feed, small then the taming and dociling again of specification is eaten 5-7 days.Above-mentioned artifical compound feed is powder
Shape feed, main nutrient composition are:Crude protein content 46%-48%, crude fat 5%-7%, coarse ash 16%-17%, it is thick fine
1.0%-2%, calcium 2.0%-2.5%, phosphorus 1.5%-1.8% are tieed up, powdered granule more than moisture≤10%, 90% passes through 80 mesh
Standard screen；Main component is:High-quality fish meal 50%-60%, alphalise starch 15%-20%, fermented bean dregs 10%-15% and other match somebody with somebody
Material and suitable vitamin, trace mineral supplement etc., soft pellet diet, 2~3mm of particle diameter, grain are made after adding about 40% water
Long 8~10mm.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) method of the invention uses non-hungry tame and docile food method, tames and dociles food success rate height, once tames and dociles food rate up to more than 75%, then
Secondary tame and docile food rate is up to more than 90%.
(2) the tame and docile food method of the present invention has no substantial effect on the normal growth of Mandarin fish.The method of the present invention is not being stopped eating
Under the conditions of carry out tame and docile food, Mandarin fish is completed the conversion of feeding habits under normal feeding state, considerably reduce tame and docile eat to it
The influence for growing and surviving.
Embodiment
The present invention is further analyzed with reference to specific embodiment.
Example below frequently with artifical compound feed be mash feed, main nutrient composition is:Crude protein content
46%-48%, crude fat 5%-7%, coarse ash 16%-17%, crude fibre 1.0%-2%, calcium 2.0%-2.5%, phosphorus
1.5%-1.8%, powdered granule more than moisture≤10%, 90% pass through 80 mesh standard sieves；Main component is:High-quality fish meal
50%-60%, alphalise starch 15%-20%, fermented bean dregs 10%-15% and other dispensings and suitable vitamin, trace element
Additive etc., soft pellet diet, 2~3mm of particle diameter, 8~10mm of grain length are made after adding about 40% water.
Embodiment 1.
Step (1), tame and docile the preparation of food pond
Tank interior shape square or rectangular, 5~10m of area2, the high 1.0~1.2m in pond, bottom of pond inclination, if into
The pipeline of draining；
Step (2), tame and docile the disinfection of food pond
Tame and docile food pond 250-300g/m2Quick lime 10-15g/m2Bleaching powder full pool spilling head disinfection, after 2-3 days injection newly
Water, new water 20mg/L lime disinfections；
Step (3), tame and docile food pond oxygenation
Tame and docile food pond inflator pump oxygenation, one aeration head of every square of setting；
Step (4), water quality requirement
Water nonpollution, 25~35cm of transparency, pH value are 7.0~8.5, and dissolved oxygen is more than 5mg/L.
Step (5), put in a suitable place to breed and fry disinfection
The Mandarin fish fry for selecting specification to be 5~more than 7cm put in a suitable place to breed with taming and dociling food；Breeding density indoors in pond with
300~500 tails/m2It is advisable.
When putting in a suitable place to breed, Mandarin fish fry 20mg/L liquor potassic permanganates, which soak 3~5 minutes, to be sterilized.
Step (6), tame and docile food
Mandarin fish is fed on the day of putting in a suitable place to breed using live bait, uses the mode that Articial bait making progressively substitutes live bait from next day instead
It is timed fixed point to feed, in the morning 6:00~7:00, afternoon 17:30~18:30 respectively feed once.When tame and docile food, open
Tame and docile food bottom of pond inflator pump.
During food is tamed and dociled, bait composition is altered in steps, through the tame and docile food of 4~5 days, Mandarin fish had begun to cluster intake people
Work mixed feed.Cultivated through 2 weeks or so, absorbed the Mandarin fish of mixed feed with not yet absorbing the Mandarin fish individual of mixed feed
Size has notable difference, can carry out point supporting at this time.The Mandarin fish fry that specification is big, belly is full is filtered out and tames and dociles food pond
It is transferred to cultivating pool or net cage is cultivated with mixed feed, small then the taming and dociling again of specification is eaten 5-7 days.Once domestication rate can for this method
Up to more than 75%, repeat to tame and docile food rate more than 90%.
Embodiment 2.
Step (1), tame and docile food case preparation
Net cage size is 3m × 3m × 2m (length × width × height), or 2.5m × 3m × 2m (length × width × height), mesh 1cm,
Net cage bottom is molded with stent support made of network interface surrounding galvanized pipe or other materials.
Step (2), tame and docile food case disinfection
Net cage uses 200-250mg/L lime water soaking disinfections before use, and 100- is used in the pond of intercropping net cage per acre
150kg lime disinfections.
Step (3), tame and docile food case oxygenation
Pond aerator and the bottom oxygenation of net cage are set, and it is 1.0-1.5kw to configure power per acre；
Step (4), water quality requirement
Water nonpollution, 25~35cm of transparency, pH value are 7.0~8.5, and dissolved oxygen is more than 5mg/L.
Step (5), put in a suitable place to breed and fry disinfection
The Mandarin fish fry for selecting specification to be 5~more than 7cm put in a suitable place to breed with taming and dociling food；Breeding density 500 in net cage~
800 tails/m2It is advisable.
When putting in a suitable place to breed, Mandarin fish fry 20mg/L liquor potassic permanganates, which soak 3~5 minutes, to be sterilized.
Step (6), tame and docile food
Mandarin fish is fed on the day of putting in a suitable place to breed using live bait, uses the mode that Articial bait making progressively substitutes live bait from next day instead
It is timed fixed point to feed, in the morning 6:00~6:30, afternoon 18:00~18:30 respectively feed once.When tame and docile food, open
Tame and docile food bottom of pond inflator pump.
During food is tamed and dociled, bait composition is altered in steps, through the tame and docile food of 5 days or so, Mandarin fish had begun to cluster intake
Artifical compound feed.Cultivated through 2 weeks or so, Mandarin fish fry Individual Size have notable difference, can carry out at this time point foster.Will
The Mandarin fish fry that specification is big, belly is full, which filters out, tames and dociles that food case is transferred to cultivating pool or net cage is cultivated with mixed feed,
Small then the taming and dociling again of specification is eaten 5-7 days.Once domestication rate up to more than 75%, repeats to tame and docile food rate more than 90% to this method.
It is that the present invention is not limited only to above-described embodiment, as long as meeting for limitation of the invention that above-described embodiment, which is not,
Application claims, belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of non-hungry tame and docile food method of Mandarin fish, it is characterised in that the method comprising the steps of：
(1) prepare before taming and dociling food
Before putting Mandarin fish in a suitable place to breed, tame and docile food pond or tame and docile food net cage carries out disinfection, and tame and docile food pond or tame and docile to eat in net cage and set oxygen increasing equipment；Water quality
It is required that：Water nonpollution, 25~35cm of transparency, pH value are 7.0~8.5, and dissolved oxygen is more than 5mg/L；
(2) food process is tamed and dociled
Mandarin fish is fed on the day of putting in a suitable place to breed using live bait, is determined from next day by the way of Articial bait making progressively substitutes live bait
Shi Dingdian is fed；
When tame and docile food, open the oxygen increasing equipment tamed and dociled food pond or tamed and dociled in food net cage and carry out oxygenation, and be always maintained at opening；
Through the tame and docile food of 2 weeks and cultivation, Mandarin fish fry Individual Size have notable difference, can carry out at this time point foster；By specification
The Mandarin fish fry big, belly is full, which filters out, tames and dociles that food pond is transferred to cultivating pool or net cage is cultivated with mixed feed, specification
Food is tamed and dociled in small then progress again；
(3) food is tamed and dociled to terminate
After the tame and docile successful Mandarin fish point of food raises, fed using complete artifical compound feed.
A kind of 2. non-hungry tame and docile food method of Mandarin fish as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the tame and docile food pond shape
Using square or rectangular, 5~10m of area2, the high 1.0~1.2m in pond, bottom of pond tilts, if the pipeline into draining.
3. the non-hungry tame and docile food method of a kind of Mandarin fish as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the tame and docile food net cage is big
Small is 3m × 3m × 2m or 2.5m × 3m × 2m, mesh 1cm, net cage bottom and network interface surrounding galvanized pipe or other materials system
Into stent support shaping.
A kind of 4. non-hungry tame and docile food method of Mandarin fish as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that tame and docile food pond using 250~
300g/m2Quick lime and 10~15g/m2Bleaching powder carry out full pool spilling head disinfection, inject new water after 2~3 days, new water is used
20mg/L lime disinfections；
Food net cage is tamed and dociled before use with 200~250mg/L lime water soaking disinfections, the pond of intercropping net cage per acre with 100~
150kg lime disinfections.
5. the non-hungry tame and docile food method of a kind of Mandarin fish as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that tame and docile the oxygen increasing equipment in food pond
For inflator pump, one aeration head of every square metre of setting.
6. the non-hungry tame and docile food method of a kind of Mandarin fish as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the oxygenation for taming and dociling food net cage is set
Standby is aerator and bottom oxygenation, and it is 1.0~1.5kw to configure power per acre.
7. the non-hungry tame and docile food method of a kind of Mandarin fish as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that water nonpollution, transparency
25~35cm, pH value are 7.0~8.5, and dissolved oxygen is more than 5mg/L.
8. the non-hungry tame and docile food method of a kind of Mandarin fish as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that selection specification is 5~7cm
Mandarin fish fry, breeding density is in pond is raised and train with 300~500 tails/m2, raise and train 500~800 tails in net cage/m2It is advisable.
9. the non-hungry tame and docile food method of a kind of Mandarin fish as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that tame and docile set-up procedure before food：
Before tame and docile food is put in a suitable place to breed, Mandarin fish fry 20mg/L liquor potassic permanganates, which soak 3~5 minutes, to be sterilized.
10. the non-hungry tame and docile food method of a kind of Mandarin fish as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that artifical compound feed is powder
Shape feed, 46%~48 ﹪ of crude protein content in feed.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710073175.9A CN106818559B (en) | 2017-02-10 | 2017-02-10 | A kind of non-hungry tame and docile food method of Mandarin fish |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710073175.9A CN106818559B (en) | 2017-02-10 | 2017-02-10 | A kind of non-hungry tame and docile food method of Mandarin fish |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN106818559A CN106818559A (en) | 2017-06-13 |
| CN106818559B true CN106818559B (en) | 2018-04-17 |
Family
ID=59121765
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710073175.9A Active CN106818559B (en) | 2017-02-10 | 2017-02-10 | A kind of non-hungry tame and docile food method of Mandarin fish |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN106818559B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108432672A (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2018-08-24 | 浙江省水产技术推广总站 | A kind of method of mixed feed intensive culture mandarin fish |
| CN110178758A (en) * | 2019-05-06 | 2019-08-30 | 通威股份有限公司 | A kind of grass carp fishing breeding pond mandarin fish cage type intercropping method |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104585547A (en) * | 2015-01-24 | 2015-05-06 | 华中农业大学 | Special taming feed for mandarin fish, and mating taming method |
| CN104839071A (en) * | 2015-06-09 | 2015-08-19 | 高卓豪 | Mandarin fish compound feed cultivating method |
| CN105475186A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-04-13 | 安乡绿健水产科技有限公司 | Culture method of mandarin fish |
-
2017
- 2017-02-10 CN CN201710073175.9A patent/CN106818559B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104585547A (en) * | 2015-01-24 | 2015-05-06 | 华中农业大学 | Special taming feed for mandarin fish, and mating taming method |
| CN104839071A (en) * | 2015-06-09 | 2015-08-19 | 高卓豪 | Mandarin fish compound feed cultivating method |
| CN105475186A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-04-13 | 安乡绿健水产科技有限公司 | Culture method of mandarin fish |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN106818559A (en) | 2017-06-13 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN100539833C (en) | Scale breeding method of jade perch | |
| CN106508763A (en) | Ecological high-efficient poly-culturing method of river crab, South America white shrimp and freshwater shrimp | |
| CN107581106B (en) | A kind of artificial fecundation method of platax orbicularis | |
| CN105994067B (en) | A kind of perch cultural method | |
| CN106561517A (en) | Crayfish propagating and breeding method | |
| CN103444600A (en) | Two-stage efficient rearing method for freshwater shrimp fry | |
| CN103404453A (en) | Freshwater shrimp and river crab double main farming method | |
| CN104247687A (en) | Large-scale adult fish farming method of 'All-male No. 1' type Pelteobagrus fulvidracos | |
| CN111543363A (en) | Method for breeding and raising seedlings of red swamp crayfish | |
| CN103609498A (en) | Loach larva cultivating method | |
| CN109601434A (en) | A method of Micropterus salmoides conversion of food habit is cultivated suitable for small size pond | |
| CN106489801A (en) | A kind of half pierces thick lip fish artificial seedling rearing's method | |
| CN109548716A (en) | A kind of strain line hippocampus is young, juvenile fish stage biological breeding method | |
| CN105475193A (en) | Family pond intercropping method for channel catfish and mandarin fish | |
| CN104542407A (en) | Two-stage cultivation method for loach offspring seeds | |
| CN106900609A (en) | A kind of cultural method of carp | |
| CN106665427B (en) | Pond greenhouse overwintering polyculture method for takifugu obscurus parents and scatophagus argus | |
| CN106818559B (en) | A kind of non-hungry tame and docile food method of Mandarin fish | |
| CN113040071B (en) | Method for cultivating fries of opsariichthys bidens | |
| CN112568159A (en) | Disease prevention and control method for organic shrimp culture | |
| CN106942106A (en) | A kind of Macrobrachium rosenbergii seedling in greenhouse method | |
| CN101933470A (en) | Parent cultivation method for batch production of ricefield eel offspring seeds | |
| CN103918594A (en) | Loach breeding method | |
| CN109511589A (en) | A kind of Macrobrachium rosenbergii and Bellamya sp pond polyculture method | |
| CN101773083A (en) | Breeding and cultivation method of hybrid Oxyeleotris marmoratus Bleeker |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |