CN105580620A - Afforestation method for arid region secondary salinization land - Google Patents
Afforestation method for arid region secondary salinization land Download PDFInfo
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- CN105580620A CN105580620A CN201510959916.4A CN201510959916A CN105580620A CN 105580620 A CN105580620 A CN 105580620A CN 201510959916 A CN201510959916 A CN 201510959916A CN 105580620 A CN105580620 A CN 105580620A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/02—Watering arrangements located above the soil which make use of perforated pipe-lines or pipe-lines with dispensing fittings, e.g. for drip irrigation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
Abstract
The invention relates to an afforestation method for arid region secondary salinization land. The method mainly comprises the steps of species selection, species allocation mode selection, species planting time selection, species planting mode selection and irrigation mode selection. In the method, by selecting reasonable allocation and planting modes and a reasonable irrigation mode of different plants of arbors, shrubs and grass, a phytocoenosium with an arbor, shrub and grass structure is created on the secondary salinization land with the total salt content of 6.58-9.30 g/L, meanwhile, the purposes of soil salt elimination and soil fertilization are achieved, the survival rate of the arbors in the secondary salinization land is increased, and it is guaranteed that afforestation in the arid region secondary salinization land can be rapidly achieved. By means of the method, the problems that salinity improvement on the arid region salinization land is difficult, fertility of the salinization land is low, and the survival rate of plants in the salinization land is low are solved, and a new method is provided for rapid improvement on the secondary salinization land, fertilization of the secondary salinization land and afforestation in the salinization land.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of arid biogeographic zone secondary salinization soil method of forestation, be specifically related to the method for forestation of Lower Reaches of Tarim Desert Regions secondary salinization soil.
Background technology
Approximately near 1O hundred million hm of whole world salinized soil area2, be distributed in arid area, different continents, mainly concentrate on Eurasia, Africa, western part, America. The saline and alkaline soil of China reaches 9,913 ten thousand hm2, Agriculture, forestry And Animal Husbandry land used is subject to the land area of salinization of soil harm to have 3,630 ten thousand hm2, 9,210,000 hm wherein plough2, forest land 4,120,000 hm2, meadow 2,320 ten thousand hm2. Mainly be distributed in Huang-Huai-Hai plain, loess plateau and inland area, Northwest, China, Northeast plain and coastal area also have large-area salt-soda soil. China also has potential saline and alkaline soil approximately 1,733 ten thousand hm2, northeast, the Inner Mongol and Northwest inland salinization of soil are the most serious. Xinjiang salinization of soil approximately 133.33 ten thousand hm that plough2, nearly 1/3 tilth salinization, more than 80% is wherein Soil Secondary salinization of soil. Xinjiang is except Ili River Valley, Altay Prefecture and some areas, Tacheng salinization of soil are light, and other Soils In The Regions all have salinization of soil in various degree, and southern foot, Tianshan Mountains, irrigated area, Tarim Basin are the most serious. Due to Secondary Saline aggravation, a large amount of arable land is forced to become old-field. Soil alkaline harm cause a large amount of in, low-yield land and peasant's poverty, make large area soil resource be difficult to utilize, agriculture, forestry integrated production capacity decline, and have a strong impact on the raising of agriculture, production of forestry development and life of farmers level.
But the landform at saline-alkali soil place is smooth, soil layer is deep, be suitable for tractor-ploughing, has potential fertility, is a kind of land resource of preciousness. Develop salt-soda soil and not only can bring more land under cultivation, increase crop yield per unit area, thereby raising total output of grain, alleviate pressure, and can expand fast, sustainably economic forest and ecological forest area, increase economic efficiency long-pending with vegetated surface, improvement ecological environment and raising resident's living standard. Therefore, how successfully to carry out salinization of soil improvement and improvement has become a global problem, and along with the continuous expansion of salt-soda soil, world area, the mankind will face increasing challenge.
In decades, country and local a large amount of manpowers, financial resources and the material resources transformation salinity ground of dropping into. Especially in Xinjiang, the comprehensive regulation work in Efforts To Develop salt-soda soil has become one of Xinjiang Eleventh Five-Year Plan key content. Although, along with the development of China's saline and alkali land improvement method and research, utilize all many-sides such as method and measure to have new development and breakthrough at soil salt Law of Cause of Formation and feature, farmland water-saving irrigation water salt operation mechanism, alkaline land improving, but, alkaline land improving utilization facts have proved, salt-soda soil prevention and to administer be the comprehensive management engineering of a system, the mankind are controlling soil secondary salinization and are improveing and utilize aspect primary saline-alkali soil still the also progress of achieving no breakthrough property. Especially most saline and alkali land improvement method measure is all carried out based on arable land, less to the research of the forest land such as the ecological forest and economic forest alkaline land improving. But in Xinjiang, afforestation, raising vegetation cover, containment desertification process, is important support and the guarantee of oasis farming and social economy's sustainable development. Given this, the present invention is intended to research and develop and a kind ofly can realizes the method for afforestation fast at Lower Reaches of Tarim River, Xinjiang and even whole Northwest arid district secondary salinization of land, provide technical method for improving the forest development of arid biogeographic zone salt-soda soil and Ecological Restoration.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, a kind of arid biogeographic zone secondary salinization soil method of forestation is provided. The method is mainly completed by option of species, species configuration mode, species implantation time, species planting patterns and irrigation method step. The method is by selecting reasonable disposition cropping pattern and the Irrigation between Qiao, filling, careless different plants, on the secondary salinization soil of total salt content < 10.0g/L, build the phytobiocoenose with Qiao, filling, grass structure, reach the object of soil salt discharge and improvement of soil fertility simultaneously, improve the survival rate of arbor in secondary salinization soil, guarantee arid biogeographic zone secondary salinization soil can be realized afforestation fast. The method has solved the problem that the improvement of arid biogeographic zone salinization land salinity is difficult, salinization land fertility is barren, salinization land plant survival rate is low, for secondary salinization soil quick improvement, foster and apply fertilizer and realize in saline soil afforestation on the ground a kind of new method is provided.
Arid biogeographic zone secondary salinization of the present invention soil method of forestation, follows these steps to carry out:
A, option of species: select four class plant-arbors (1), shrub (4), salt sward this (2) and high quality forage (3), wherein arbor (1) option of species 2-3 is raw, root system is complete or it is little to damage, base footpath is at diversiform-leaved poplar, arrow-leaved oleaster or the Xinjiang poplar of 5cm; Shrub (4) option of species 2-3 life, well developed root system, base footpath are at Chinese tamarisk, sacsaoul or the red sand of 3-5cm; Salt sward these (2) selects to have the seed of secreting the salsola collina of salt functional, colored bavin, foliated kalidium or saltbush; High quality forage (3) selects habitat wide, easily graminous pasture splendid achnatherum, bromegrass, three-awn or the Grass seed of survival;
B, species configuration mode: salt sward these (2), high quality forage (3) and shrub (4) were planted in the 3-4 month in spring, plant in autumn by the 9-10 month for arbor (1), by plantation order be: laterally for arbor (1) OK-salt sward these (2) OK-high quality forage (3) OK-shrub (4) OK-high quality forage (3) OK-salt sward originally (2) OK-arbor (1) goes and replaces and plant successively, be longitudinally arbor (1) OK-salt sward these (2) OK-high quality forage (3) OK-salt sward originally (2) OK-arbor (1) goes and replaces and plant successively, laterally the total spacing between one end arbor (1) row and other end arbor (1) row is 3m, spacing between each row plant is 50cm, longitudinally the total spacing between one end arbor (1) row and other end arbor (1) row is 2m, spacing between each row plant is 50cm,
C, species planting patterns: the secondary salinization soil of selecting soil total salt content 6.58-9.30g/L, March by topsoil 0-30cm turn over, airing, the seed of salt sward basis and high quality forage in water, is soaked 6-8 hour by the 3-4 month, then be placed in azospirillum or Bai Yelinke Salmonella or ditch millet nitrogen-fixing bacteria, make seed top layer wrap one deck nitrogen-fixing microorganism, then by the seeding row spacing shown in step b, seed is sowed in the soil after turning over; Be transplanted to by the seeding row spacing of step b the shrub seedling choosing in 50cm × 50cm hole the same period; Early August, salt sward basis and high quality forage are cradled; The 9-10 month is positioned over the arbor sapling choosing in degradable plastic material container, by the seeding row spacing shown in step b, the container of placing arbor sapling is put into the dell of 70cm × 70cm, and at sawdust and the fertilizer mixture of cheating bottom and periphery stacking 10cm, reclaimed soil afterwards, fixes nursery stock;
D, irrigation method: longitudinally laying drip irrigation zone (5) between arbor (1) row and each row, dropper pipe adopts caliber 16mm, aperture 8mm, the conventional PE pipe of aperture spacing 50cm, be laid in earth's surface, fixing a little with soil every 30cm, sowing and plant after immediately irrigate once, irrigate duration 36 hours, after one month and three months, respectively irrigate once more respectively afterwards, irrigate duration 24-36 hour, treat arbor (1), shrub (4), after salt sward these (2) and the successful field planting of high quality forage (3), annual irrigation four times, irrigation time is respectively mid or late March, mid or late May, July early and middle ten days and late October, each irrigation time 24-36 hour, guarantee to irrigate the 60-70% of rear soil moisture content at field capacity.
Fertilizer in step c is to be processed by the high quality forage cradling (3), the high quality forage cradling (3) is cut into 2-3cm segment, by weight 1:1:1 by herbage section: water: sheep excrement or cow dung are mixed thoroughly, put into polybag or vat, plastic bag mouth or cylinder mouth are tightened to sealing with plastic sheeting, at constant temperature 30-35 DEG C, can use through the fermentation of 1-2 month.
Degradation plastic containers size in step c: diameter × height=60cm × 60cm, container bottom sealing, top open-ended, bottom and chamber wall are opened the aperture of a diameter 1cm in length and breadth every 5cm.
Arid biogeographic zone secondary salinization of the present invention soil method of forestation, the azospirillum relating in the method or Bai Yelinke Salmonella or ditch millet nitrogen-fixing bacteria are commercially available prod, are purchased from rich many (sub-Pingning) the biotechnology Development Co., Ltds in Shanghai in March, 2014.
A kind of arid biogeographic zone secondary salinization of the present invention soil method of forestation, the distinguishing feature of the method is:
One, on the secondary salinization soil of soil total salt content 6.58-9.30g/L, build the phytobiocoenose with Qiao, filling, careless three-decker simultaneously, improve fast vegetation coverage, make group do sth. in advance closing, to reduce soil evaporation, prevent the soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil.
Two, in species configuration, arbor selects to have drought-enduring cold-resistant local advantage species, and water consumption is little, rising few, can effectively save ecological water; Shrub is selected to have extroversion and secretes the Chinese tamarisk of salt functional, sacsaoul and red sand, can effectively absorb the salinity in soil, and separate salinity by blade transpiration, thereby reduce soil salt content; This selection of salt sward has introversion and secretes the salsola collina of salt functional, colored bavin, foliated kalidium and saltbush, can quickly and efficiently soil salt be taken away to soil by the mode cradling after maturation; High quality forage mainly selects to be soaked with the grass of nitrogen-fixing microorganism simultaneously, can realize the efficient association nitrogen fixation of herbaceous plant and nitrogen-fixing microorganism, increases fast Soil Nitrogen Content, realizes soil and in salt reduction, plays fertilization effect. In addition, the draft cradling can also or be used for making fertilizer as livestock herbage, plays the effect of recycling.
Three, before afforestation, first 0-30cm soil is turned over, airing, can cut off like this soil capillary water migration, reduce deep soil to topsoil migration and accumulation salinity, afterwards by shrub, herbaceous plant and arbor are planted at times, be conducive to effectively improve salinized soil before arbor plantation, reduce its soil salt content, culture fertility, arbor is positioned in container and transplants to being mixed with in the hole of sawdust and fertilizer mixture more simultaneously, this can ensure that arbor setting date is not subject to the stimulation of soil salt because of mixture layer every salt getting fat effect, can effectively improve the survival rate of arbor.
Four, after afforestation, adopt drip irrigation, the soil salt that makes top layer downwards and sideways diffusion, stopping due to the separation layer every salt getting fat like this, the salinity of arbor periphery will be diffused into depth of soils or the raw herbs and shrubs periphery of salt effectively, then absorbed to plant by the raw herbs and shrubs of salt, reach the object of effective pressure salt and reduction soil salt; After field planting, only need every year drip irrigation four times, respectively before plant germination, when stripping, before growth busy season and dormancy, so both met the needs of plant growth and development process to moisture, effective saving water resource again.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is species configuration cropping pattern schematic diagram of the present invention, and wherein 1 is arbor species, and 2 is these species of salt sward, and 3 is high quality forage species, and 4 is shrub species, and 5 is drip irrigation zone.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
At Lower Reaches of Tarim English Soviet Union section, soil salt content is to plant on the secondary salinization soil of 9.30g/L, total nitrogen content 0.14g/L:
A, option of species: select four class plant-arbors 1, shrub 4, salt sward this 2 and high quality forage 3, wherein arbor 1 option of species 2-3 is raw, root system is complete or it is little to damage, base footpath is the diversiform-leaved poplar of 5cm; Shrub 4 option of species 2-3 lifes, well developed root system, base footpath are the Chinese tamarisk of 3-5cm; This 2 selection of salt sward has the seed of the salsola collina that secretes salt functional; High quality forage 3 selects habitat wide, easily the graminous pasture splendid achnatherum seed of survival;
B, species configuration mode: be by plantation order: be laterally this salsola collina of this salsola collina of arbor diversiform-leaved poplar 1 row-salt sward 2 row-high quality forage splendid achnatherum 3 row-shrub Chinese tamarisk 4 row-high quality forage splendid achnatherum 3 row-salt sward 2 row-arbor diversiform-leaved poplar 1 row successively alternately plantation, it is longitudinally the alternately plantation successively of this salsola collina of this salsola collina of arbor diversiform-leaved poplar 1 row-salt sward 2 row-high quality forage splendid achnatherum 3 row-salt sward 2 row-arbor diversiform-leaved poplar 1 row, laterally the total spacing between arbor diversiform-leaved poplar 1 row and other end arbor diversiform-leaved poplar 1 row of one end is 3m, spacing between each row plant is 50cm, longitudinally the total spacing between arbor diversiform-leaved poplar 1 row and other end arbor diversiform-leaved poplar 1 row of one end is 2m, spacing between each row plant is 50cm, (see figure 1),
C, at Lower Reaches of Tarim English Soviet Union section, soil salt content is 9.30g/L, on the secondary salinization soil of total nitrogen content 0.14g/L, mid-March, topsoil 0-30cm is turned over, airing, soak the seed of this salsola collina of salt sward 2 and high quality forage splendid achnatherum 36 hours mid-April in water, then be placed in azospirillum, make the seed top layer of this salsola collina of salt sward 2 and high quality forage splendid achnatherum 3 wrap one deck nitrogen-fixing microorganism, then by the seeding row spacing shown in step b, the seed of this salsola collina of salt sward 2 and high quality forage splendid achnatherum 3 is sowed in the soil after turning over, be transplanted to by seeding row spacing described in step b shrub Chinese tamarisk 4 seedlings that choose in 50cm × 50cm hole the same period, early August, this salsola collina of salt sward 2 and high quality forage splendid achnatherum 3 are cradled, the 9-10 month is positioned over arbor diversiform-leaved poplar 1 sapling choosing in degradable plastic material container, degradation plastic containers size: diameter × height=60cm × 60cm, container bottom sealing, top open-ended, bottom and chamber wall are opened the aperture of a diameter 1cm in length and breadth every 5cm, by the seeding row spacing shown in step b, the container of placing arbor sapling is put into the dell of 70cm × 70cm, and at sawdust and the fertilizer mixture of cheating bottom and periphery stacking 10cm, wherein fertilizer is to be processed by the high quality forage splendid achnatherum 3 cradling, the high quality forage splendid achnatherum 3 cradling is cut into 2-3cm segment, by weight 1:1:1 by herbage section: water: sheep excrement is mixed thoroughly, put into polybag or vat, plastic bag mouth or cylinder mouth are tightened to sealing with plastic sheeting, at constant temperature 30-35 DEG C through the fermentation of 1-2 month, reclaimed soil afterwards, nursery stock is fixed,
D, irrigation method: longitudinally laying drip irrigation zone 5 between arbor diversiform-leaved poplar 1 row and each row, dropper pipe adopts caliber 16mm, aperture 8mm, the conventional PE pipe of aperture spacing 50cm, be laid in earth's surface, fixing a little with soil every 30cm, sowing and plant after immediately irrigate once, irrigate duration 36 hours, after one month and three months, respectively irrigate once more respectively afterwards, irrigate duration 24 hours, treat arbor diversiform-leaved poplar 1, shrub Chinese tamarisk 4, after this salsola collina of salt sward 2 and the successful field planting of high quality forage splendid achnatherum 3, annual irrigation four times, irrigation time is respectively mid or late March, mid or late May, July early and middle ten days and late October, each irrigation time 24 hours, guarantee to irrigate the 60-70% of rear soil moisture content at field capacity.
Embodiment 2
34 of Lower Reaches of Tarim, soil salt content is to plant on the secondary salinization soil of 6.58g/L, total nitrogen content 0.21g/L:
A, option of species: select four class plant-arbors 1, shrub 4, salt sward this 2 and high quality forage 3, wherein arbor 1 option of species 2-3 is raw, root system is complete or it is little to damage, base footpath is at the arrow-leaved oleaster of 5cm; Shrub 4 option of species 2-3 lifes, well developed root system, base footpath are at the sacsaoul of 3-5cm; This 2 selection of salt sward has the seed of the colored bavin of secreting salt functional; High quality forage 3 selects habitat wide, easily the graminous pasture bromegrass seed of survival;
B, species configuration mode: be by plantation order: be laterally the originally originally colored bavin 2 row-arbor arrow-leaved oleaster 1 row alternately plantation successively of colored bavin 2 row-high quality forage bromegrass 3 row-shrub sacsaoul 4 row-high quality forage bromegrass 3 row-salt sward of arbor arrow-leaved oleaster 1 row-salt sward, it is longitudinally the originally originally colored bavin 2 row-arbor arrow-leaved oleaster 1 row alternately plantation successively of colored bavin 2 row-high quality forage bromegrass 3 row-salt sward of arbor arrow-leaved oleaster 1 row-salt sward, laterally the total spacing between one end arbor arrow-leaved oleaster 1 row and other end arbor arrow-leaved oleaster 1 row is 3m, spacing between each row plant is 50cm, longitudinally the total spacing between one end arbor arrow-leaved oleaster 1 row and other end arbor arrow-leaved oleaster 1 row is 2m, spacing between each row plant is 50cm, (see figure 1),
C, species planting patterns: be chosen in 34 of Lower Reaches of Tarim, soil salt content is 6.58g/L, on the secondary salinization soil of total nitrogen content 0.21g/L, turn over topsoil 0-30cm March, airing, the 3-4 month by salt sward originally the seed of colored bavin 2 and high quality forage bromegrass 3 in water, soak 7 hours, then be placed in ditch millet nitrogen-fixing bacteria, make salt sward originally wrap one deck nitrogen-fixing microorganism in the seed top layer of colored bavin 2 and high quality forage bromegrass 3, then by the seeding row spacing shown in step b by salt sward originally the seed of colored bavin 2 and high quality forage bromegrass 3 sow in the soil after turning over, be transplanted to by the seeding row spacing of step b shrub sacsaoul 4 seedlings that choose in 50cm × 50cm hole the same period, early August, by salt sward, originally colored bavin 2 and high quality forage bromegrass 3 cradle, the 9-10 month is positioned over arbor arrow-leaved oleaster 1 sapling choosing in degradable plastic material container, degradation plastic containers size: diameter × height=60cm × 60cm, container bottom sealing, top open-ended, bottom and chamber wall are opened the aperture of a diameter 1cm in length and breadth every 5cm, by the seeding row spacing shown in step b, the container of placing arbor arrow-leaved oleaster 1 sapling is put into the dell of 70cm × 70cm, and at sawdust and the fertilizer mixture of cheating bottom and periphery stacking 10cm, fertilizer is to be processed by the high quality forage bromegrass 3 cradling, the high quality forage bromegrass 3 cradling is cut into 2-3cm segment, by weight 1:1:1 by herbage section: water: cow dung is mixed thoroughly, put into polybag or vat, plastic bag mouth or cylinder mouth are tightened to sealing with plastic sheeting, at constant temperature 30-35 DEG C through the fermentation of 1-2 month, reclaimed soil afterwards, nursery stock is fixed,
D, irrigation method: longitudinally laying drip irrigation zone 5 between arbor arrow-leaved oleaster 1 row and each row, dropper pipe adopts caliber 16mm, aperture 8mm, the conventional PE pipe of aperture spacing 50cm, be laid in earth's surface, fixing a little with soil every 30cm, sowing and plant after immediately irrigate once, irrigate duration 36 hours, after one month and three months, respectively irrigate once more respectively afterwards, irrigate duration 36 hours, treat arbor arrow-leaved oleaster 1, shrub sacsaoul 4, salt sward is originally after colored bavin 2 and the successful field planting of high quality forage bromegrass 3, annual irrigation four times, irrigation time is respectively mid or late March, mid or late May, July early and middle ten days and late October, each irrigation time 36 hours, guarantee to irrigate the 60-70% of rear soil moisture content at field capacity.
Embodiment 3
33 of Lower Reaches of Tarim, soil salt content is to plant on the secondary salinization soil of 8.65g/L, total nitrogen content 0.33g/L:
A, option of species: select four class plant-arbors 1, shrub 4, salt sward this 2 and high quality forage 3, wherein arbor 1 option of species 2-3 is raw, root system is complete or it is little to damage, base footpath is at the Xinjiang poplar of 5cm; Shrub 4 option of species 2-3 lifes, well developed root system, base footpath are at the red sand of 3-5cm; This 2 selection of salt sward has the seed of the foliated kalidium of secreting salt functional; High quality forage 3 selects habitat wide, easily the graminous pasture three-awn seed of survival;
B, species configuration mode: be by plantation order: be laterally this foliated kalidium of this foliated kalidium of arbor Xinjiang poplar 1 row-salt sward 2 row-high quality forage three-awn 3 row-shrub red sand 4 row-high quality forage three-awn 3 row-salt sward 2 row-arbor Xinjiang poplar 1 row successively alternately plantation, it is longitudinally the alternately plantation successively of this foliated kalidium of this foliated kalidium of arbor Xinjiang poplar 1 row-salt sward 2 row-high quality forage three-awn 3 row-salt sward 2 row-arbor Xinjiang poplar 1 row, laterally the total spacing between arbor Xinjiang poplar 1 row and row is 3m, spacing between each row plant is 50cm, longitudinally the total spacing between arbor Xinjiang poplar 1 row and row is 2m, spacing between each row plant is 50cm, (see figure 1),
C, species planting patterns: be chosen in 33 of Lower Reaches of Tarim, soil salt content is 8.65g/L, the secondary salinization soil of total nitrogen content 0.33g/L, turn over topsoil 0-30cm March, airing, the 3-4 month soaks the seed of this foliated kalidium of salt sward 2 and high quality forage three-awn 38 hours in water, then be placed in Bai Yelinke Salmonella, make the seed top layer of this foliated kalidium of salt sward 2 and high quality forage three-awn 3 wrap one deck nitrogen-fixing microorganism, then by the seeding row spacing shown in step b, the seed of this foliated kalidium of salt sward 2 and high quality forage three-awn 3 is sowed in the soil after turning over, be transplanted to by the seeding row spacing of step b shrub red sand 4 seedlings that choose in 50cm × 50cm hole the same period, early August, this foliated kalidium of salt sward 2 and high quality forage three-awn 3 are cradled, the 9-10 month is positioned over arbor Xinjiang poplar 1 sapling choosing in degradable plastic material container, degradation plastic containers size: diameter × height=60cm × 60cm, container bottom sealing, top open-ended, bottom and chamber wall are opened the aperture of a diameter 1cm in length and breadth every 5cm, by the seeding row spacing shown in step b, the container of placing arbor Xinjiang poplar 1 sapling is put into the dell of 70cm × 70cm, and at sawdust and the fertilizer mixture of cheating bottom and periphery stacking 10cm, fertilizer is to be processed by the high quality forage three-awn 3 cradling, the high quality forage three-awn 3 cradling is cut into 2-3cm segment, by weight 1:1:1 by herbage section: water: sheep excrement or cow dung are mixed thoroughly, put into polybag or vat, plastic bag mouth or cylinder mouth are tightened to sealing with plastic sheeting, at constant temperature 30-35 DEG C through the fermentation of 1-2 month, reclaimed soil afterwards, nursery stock is fixed,
D, irrigation method: longitudinally laying drip irrigation zone 5 between arbor Xinjiang poplar 1 row and each row, dropper pipe adopts caliber 16mm, aperture 8mm, the conventional PE pipe of aperture spacing 50cm, be laid in earth's surface, fixing a little with soil every 30cm, sowing and plant after immediately irrigate once, irrigate duration 36 hours, after one month and three months, respectively irrigate once more respectively afterwards, irrigate duration 30 hours, treat arbor Xinjiang poplar 1, shrub red sand 4, after this foliated kalidium of salt sward 2 and the successful field planting of high quality forage three-awn 3, annual irrigation four times, irrigation time is respectively mid or late March, mid or late May, July early and middle ten days and late October, each irrigation time 30 hours, guarantee to irrigate the 60-70% of rear soil moisture content at field capacity.
Embodiment 4
33 of Lower Reaches of Tarim, soil salt content is to plant on the secondary salinization soil of 7.55g/L, total nitrogen content 0.30g/L:
A, option of species: select four class plant-arbors 1, shrub 4, salt sward this 2 and high quality forage 3, wherein arbor 1 option of species 2-3 is raw, root system is complete or it is little to damage, base footpath is the diversiform-leaved poplar of 5cm; Shrub 4 option of species 2-3 lifes, well developed root system, base footpath are at the sacsaoul of 3-5cm; This 2 selection of salt sward has the seed of the saltbush that secretes salt functional; High quality forage 3 selects habitat wide, easily the graminous pasture Grass seed of survival;
B, species configuration mode: be by plantation order: be laterally this saltbush of this saltbush of arbor diversiform-leaved poplar 1 row-salt sward 2 row-high quality forage dogstail 3 row-shrub sacsaoul 4 row-high quality forage dogstail 3 row-salt sward 2 row-arbor diversiform-leaved poplar 1 row successively alternately plantation, it is longitudinally the alternately plantation successively of this saltbush of this saltbush of arbor diversiform-leaved poplar 1 row-salt sward 2 row-high quality forage dogstail 3 row-salt sward 2 row-arbor diversiform-leaved poplar 1 row, laterally the total spacing between one end arbor diversiform-leaved poplar 1 row and other end arbor diversiform-leaved poplar 1 row is 3m, spacing between each row plant is 50cm, longitudinally the total spacing between one end arbor 1 row and other end arbor diversiform-leaved poplar 1 row is 2m, spacing between each row plant is 50cm, (see figure 1),
C, species planting patterns: be chosen in 33 of Lower Reaches of Tarim, soil salt content is 7.55g/L, total nitrogen content 0.30g/L secondary salinization soil, March by topsoil 0-30cm turn over, airing, the 3-4 month soaks the seed of this saltbush of salt sward 2 and high quality forage dogstail 36 hours in water, then be placed in azospirillum, make the seed top layer of this saltbush of salt sward 2 and high quality forage dogstail 3 wrap one deck nitrogen-fixing microorganism, then by the seeding row spacing shown in step b, the seed of this saltbush of salt sward 2 and high quality forage dogstail 3 is sowed in the soil after turning over, be transplanted to by the seeding row spacing of step b shrub sacsaoul 4 seedlings that choose in 50cm × 50cm hole the same period, early August, by cradling of this saltbush of salt sward 2 and high quality forage dogstail 3, the 9-10 month is positioned over arbor diversiform-leaved poplar 1 sapling choosing in degradable plastic material container, by the seeding row spacing shown in step b, the container of placing arbor diversiform-leaved poplar 1 sapling is put into the dell of 70cm × 70cm, and at sawdust and the fertilizer mixture of cheating bottom and periphery stacking 10cm, fertilizer is to be processed by the high quality forage dogstail 3 cradling, the high quality forage dogstail 3 cradling is cut into 2-3cm segment, by weight 1:1:1 by herbage section: water: sheep excrement or cow dung are mixed thoroughly, put into polybag or vat, plastic bag mouth or cylinder mouth are tightened to sealing with plastic sheeting, at constant temperature 30-35 DEG C through the fermentation of 1-2 month, reclaimed soil afterwards, nursery stock is fixed,
D, irrigation method: longitudinally laying drip irrigation zone 5 between arbor diversiform-leaved poplar 1 row and each row, dropper pipe adopts caliber 16mm, aperture 8mm, the conventional PE pipe of aperture spacing 50cm, be laid in earth's surface, fixing a little with soil every 30cm, sowing and plant after immediately irrigate once, irrigate duration 36 hours, after one month and three months, respectively irrigate once more respectively afterwards, irrigate duration 36 hours, treat arbor diversiform-leaved poplar 1, shrub sacsaoul 4, after this saltbush of salt sward 2 and the successful field planting of high quality forage dogstail 3, annual irrigation four times, irrigation time is respectively mid or late March, mid or late May, July early and middle ten days and late October, each irrigation time 24 hours, guarantee to irrigate the 60-70% of rear soil moisture content at field capacity.
Press embodiment 1-4 any one, after transplant planting 1 year, arbor survival rate on average reaches more than 85%, Qiao Guancao group vegetation coverage reaches more than 75%, soil salt and nutrient determination test result prove: total nitrogen content of soil is brought up to respectively 0.38g/L, 0.51g/L, 0.68g/L, 0.65g/L in embodiment 1,2,3,4, soil fertility has on average improved 50%, total salt content drops to respectively 2.0g/L, 3.5g/L, 3.1g/L, 3.0g/L in embodiment 1,2,3,4, soil salt has all declined more than 60%, and soil salt reduction soil fertilities is good.
Claims (2)
1. an arid biogeographic zone secondary salinization soil method of forestation, is characterized in that following these steps to carrying out:
A, option of species: select four class plant-arbors (1), shrub (4), salt sward this (2) and high quality forage (3), wherein arbor (1) option of species 2-3 is raw, root system is complete or it is little to damage, base footpath is at diversiform-leaved poplar, arrow-leaved oleaster or the Xinjiang poplar of 5cm; Shrub (4) option of species 2-3 life, well developed root system, base footpath are at Chinese tamarisk, sacsaoul or the red sand of 3-5cm; Salt sward these (2) selects to have the seed of secreting the salsola collina of salt functional, colored bavin, foliated kalidium or saltbush; High quality forage (3) selects habitat wide, easily graminous pasture splendid achnatherum, bromegrass, three-awn or the Grass seed of survival;
B, species configuration mode: salt sward these (2), high quality forage (3) and shrub (4) were planted in the 3-4 month in spring, plant in autumn by the 9-10 month for arbor (1), by plantation order be: laterally for arbor (1) OK-salt sward these (2) OK-high quality forage (3) OK-shrub (4) OK-high quality forage (3) OK-salt sward originally (2) OK-arbor (1) goes and replaces and plant successively, be longitudinally arbor (1) OK-salt sward these (2) OK-high quality forage (3) OK-salt sward originally (2) OK-arbor (1) goes and replaces and plant successively, laterally the total spacing between one end arbor (1) row and other end arbor (1) row is 3m, spacing between each row plant is 50cm, longitudinally the total spacing between one end arbor (1) row and other end arbor (1) row is 2m, spacing between each row plant is 50cm,
C, species planting patterns: the secondary salinization soil of selecting soil total salt content 6.58-9.30g/L, March by topsoil 0-30cm turn over, airing, the seed of salt sward basis and high quality forage in water, is soaked 6-8 hour by the 3-4 month, then be placed in azospirillum or Bai Yelinke Salmonella or ditch millet nitrogen-fixing bacteria, make seed top layer wrap one deck nitrogen-fixing microorganism, then by the seeding row spacing shown in step b, seed is sowed in the soil after turning over; Be transplanted to by the seeding row spacing of step b the shrub seedling choosing in 50cm × 50cm hole the same period; Early August, salt sward basis and high quality forage are cradled; The 9-10 month is positioned over the arbor sapling choosing in degradable plastic material container, by the seeding row spacing shown in step b, the container of placing arbor sapling is put into the dell of 70cm × 70cm, and at sawdust and the fertilizer mixture of cheating bottom and periphery stacking 10cm, reclaimed soil afterwards, fixes nursery stock;
D, irrigation method: longitudinally between arbor (1) row and each row, laying drip irrigation zone (5), dropper pipe adopts the conventional PE pipe of caliber 16mm, aperture 8mm, aperture spacing 50cm, is laid in earth's surface, fixing a little with soil every 30cm; Sowing and plant after immediately irrigate once, irrigate duration 36 hours, after one month and three months, respectively irrigate once more respectively afterwards, irrigate duration 24-36 hour, after arbor (1), shrub (4), salt sward these (2) and the successful field planting of high quality forage (3), to irrigate every year four times, irrigation time is respectively mid or late March, mid or late May, July early and middle ten days and late October, each irrigation time 24-36 hour, guarantees to irrigate the 60-70% of rear soil moisture content at field capacity.
2. arid biogeographic zone secondary salinization soil method of forestation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the fertilizer in step c is to be processed by the high quality forage cradling (3), the high quality forage cradling (3) is cut into 2-3cm segment, by weight 1:1:1 by herbage section: water: sheep excrement or cow dung are mixed thoroughly, put into polybag or vat, plastic bag mouth or cylinder mouth are tightened to sealing with plastic sheeting, at constant temperature 30-35 DEG C, can use through the fermentation of 1-2 month.
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