CN114651657A - Desert ecological restoration system and restoration method thereof - Google Patents
Desert ecological restoration system and restoration method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/17—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing slag
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a desert ecological restoration system and a desert ecological restoration method, wherein the desert ecological restoration method comprises the following steps: step 1, opening a first planting zone at one side of a vegetation zone, and sowing grass seeds in spring; step 2, in spring of the second year, shrubs are planted in the first planting zone, arbor planting positions are set, a second planting zone is opened on one side of the first planting zone, and grass seeds are sown; step 3, in spring of the third year, planting trees at the tree planting positions of the first planting zone, planting shrubs in the second planting zone, opening a third planting zone and sowing grass seeds, so that a complete planting zone containing grass, shrubs and trees is formed; and 4, sequentially opening up N planting zones to realize ecological restoration from the vegetation zone to the deep part of the desert zone. The ecological restoration system comprises arbors, shrubs and grass, fully utilizes environmental nutrition on the premise of ensuring ecological diversity, and plays a role in good sand fixation, so that desert ecology is restored.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of desert control, in particular to a desert ecological restoration system and a desert ecological restoration method.
Background
The desert ecosystem refers to an ecosystem which is distributed in arid regions and is dominated by extremely drought-tolerant plants. Due to lack of moisture, vegetation is extremely sparse, even with large bare lands, plant types are monotonous, biological production is low, and energy flow and material circulation are slow. The Chinese desert is a sparse ecosystem type which develops in the extreme drought habitat with rare rainfall, strong evaporation and is mainly distributed in northwest arid regions of China, and the desert and Gobi area is about more than 100 ten thousand square kilometers and occupies 1/5 of the Chinese soil area. Xinjiang has the largest desert area in China, and the types of the ecological systems can be divided into 4 types according to the vegetation composition: small arbor deserts, shrub deserts, half-shrubs, small half-shrub deserts, and cushion-like small half-shrub (alpine) deserts.
The desert ecosystem of the western region is intensively distributed in the northwest arid region, belongs to the temperate zone desert, and is characterized by drought, sand blown by the wind, saline and alkaline, barren and sparse vegetation. Wherein the area distribution is widest in Sinkiang, and next in inner Mongolia, Qinghai, Gansu and Tibet. In the southwest region, subtropics and tropical zones with distinct dry and wet seasons, such as hot and dry valleys in Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou, which are subjected to the action of an incinerator (a type of local wind), there are sporadic new tropical deserts.
Most desert ecosystems in China are distributed in old, few, marginal and poor areas, natural conditions are poor, and economic development is relatively laggard. Under the restriction of natural conditions, residents are basically concentrated in regions such as oasis, valley, mountain plains and the like, the population density of the farming areas of the oasis in many regions exceeds the national level, some regions have 500 persons per square kilometer, and the smoke of wide desert, gobi and grassland regions is rare.
The desert ecosystem plays an irreplaceable role in fixing quicksand, weakening wind erosion and improving the environment. Many desert herbs and shrubs are nutritious pastures, and many have medicinal value. In recent years, driven by great economic utilization, unreasonable human activities such as medicine digging, firewood harvesting, transition hunting and the like in various desert regions are often prohibited, a large number of sand-fixing plants such as haloxylon and rose willow are damaged, the situation of disorder and difficult control is caused, the rapid expansion of desertification is caused, biological resources in the desertification regions are damaged, and the consequences of rapid reduction of biological diversity are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a desert ecology recovery method aiming at the problems that in the prior art, biological resources in a desertification region are damaged and biodiversity is sharply reduced.
The invention also aims to provide a desert ecological restoration system.
The technical scheme adopted for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
a desert ecological restoration method comprises the following steps:
step 2:
step 2.1, planting shrubs in the first planting zone in the spring of the second year after the grass seeds in the step 1 grow for one year, namely conserving the first planting zone for one year, and reserving an arbor planting position every 3-5 shrubs;
2.2, opening a second planting zone on one side of the first planting zone in spring of the same year, and sowing grass seeds;
and step 3:
step 3.1, in spring of the third year, planting arbor in the arbor planting position of the first planting zone;
3.2, planting shrubs in the second planting zone in spring of the same year by the same method as the step 2.1;
3.3, opening a third planting zone on the other side of the second planting zone in spring of the same year, and sowing grass seeds;
after the steps 1-3 are completed, planting grass, shrubs and trees on the first planting belt, and sequentially opening up planting belts according to the method, so that the grass, the shrubs and the trees are planted on each planting belt to form a completed planting belt;
and 4, sequentially opening up N planting zones to realize ecological restoration from the vegetation zone to the deep part of the desert zone.
In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for restoring ecology in desert, comprising the steps of:
step 2:
step 2.1, planting shrubs in the first planting zone in the spring of the second year after the first planting zone is kept for one year by the growth of the Chinese herbal medicine in the step 1;
2.2, a second planting belt is arranged on one side of the first planting belt in spring of the same year, when shrubs are planted in the first planting belt, the dug soil with grass is placed on the edge, far away from the first planting belt, of the second planting belt to serve as a protective edge, and grass seeds are sown in the rest positions by the same method in the step 1;
and step 3:
step 3.1, digging an arbor planting position every 3-5 shrubs in the first planting zone in spring of the third year, digging out the shrubs in the arbor planting position, and planting arbors on the arbor planting position;
step 3.2, in spring of the same year, transplanting the shrubs excavated from the first planting belt to the edge zone of the second planting belt to serve as a protective edge, planting the shrubs in the second planting belt at the rest positions by adopting the same method in the step 2.1,
3.3, opening a third planting zone on the other side of the second planting zone in spring of the same year, arranging a protective edge on the third planting zone by adopting the same method in the step 2.2, and sowing grass seeds;
after the steps 1-3 are completed, planting grass, shrubs and trees on the first planting belt, and sequentially opening up planting belts according to the method, so that the grass, the shrubs and the trees are planted on each planting belt to form a completed planting belt;
and 4, sequentially opening up N planting zones to realize ecological restoration from vegetation zones to deep desert zones.
In the technical scheme, the width of the planting belt is 10-50m, 4-20 rows of shrubs are planted on each planting belt, the interval between every two rows of shrubs is 2-4m, the interval between every two shrubs in each row of shrubs is 1-3 m, an arbor planting position is arranged every 3-5 shrubs in each row of shrubs for planting an arbor, and the rest positions of the planting belt are planted with grass.
According to another aspect of the invention, an ecological restoration system obtained by using the desert ecological restoration method comprises N planting zones, and each planting zone is planted with grass, shrubs and trees.
In the technical scheme, the ecological restoration system further comprises a physical sand fixing module, the physical sand fixing module comprises a fixing basket for fixing the arbor, sand fixing plates for planting grass or shrubs and fixing wedges, the fixing wedges can fix two adjacent sand fixing plates or fix the adjacent sand fixing plates and the fixing basket, the fixing basket is arranged in a planting pit dug in the arbor planting position, the sand fixing plates are grid sand fixing plates, and the holes of the grid are used for planting grass or shrubs;
when the shrub or grass is transplanted, the shrub or grass is transplanted together with the sand-fixing plate in which the shrub or grass is planted.
In the technical scheme, the fixed basket comprises an upper frame, a connecting rod fixed at the bottom of the upper frame and a lower frame fixed at the bottom of the connecting rod, the fixed basket is of a prismatic table-shaped structure, the side length of the lower frame of the fixed basket is larger than that of the upper frame, the side length of the upper frame is 2-4m, the upper frame is made of high polymer materials, the connecting rod and the lower frame are formed by compressing sawdust or straws, a support frame is further arranged on the fixed basket and detachably connected with the fixed basket, and the top of the support frame is annular and used for fixing the arbor;
preferably, the fixed basket is further provided with a breathable waterproof membrane, the breathable waterproof membrane comprises a side breathable waterproof membrane and a bottom breathable waterproof membrane, the side breathable waterproof membrane is a trapezoidal membrane, the top of the side breathable waterproof membrane is fixed to one edge of the upper frame, the two sides of the side breathable waterproof membrane are fixed to the corresponding edge of the connecting rod, the bottom of the side breathable waterproof membrane is fixed to one edge of the lower frame, the bottom breathable waterproof membrane is rectangular and fixed to the bottom of the lower frame, and the breathable waterproof membrane is made of degradable materials.
In the technical scheme, the sand fixing plate is made of cement or high polymer materials, sand and soil required by cement are collected from the local area, the sand fixing plate is a rectangular, square or triangular grid plate, each edge of the sand fixing plate and each edge of the upper frame are provided with rectangular grooves or dovetail grooves, the rectangular grooves or the dovetail grooves are used for inserting and locking fixing wedges, the side length of the sand fixing plate is 2-4m, the side length of the sand fixing plate is equal to that of the upper frame, and the side length of grids on the sand fixing plate is 0.2-0.5 m.
In the technical scheme, when the arbor planting position is set, firstly digging a planting pit, wherein the depth of the planting pit is 0.5-1.5m, laying a degradable waterproof layer at the bottom of the planting pit, laying coal cinder above the degradable waterproof layer, the thickness of the coal cinder is 10-50cm, nutrient soil is arranged in a fixed basket, the nutrient soil comprises desert original soil, humus and a water-retaining agent, the desert original soil is taken out from the dug planting pit, preferably, the desert original soil is taken out from the dug planting pit until the depth is 0.3-1.0m, the ratio of the soil, the humus and the water-retaining agent is 1 (0.05-0.1): 0.02-0.2), the soil, the humus and the water-retaining agent are uniformly mixed, the nutrient soil further comprises microorganisms, and the humus is decomposed to provide nutrition for the root of a plant;
planting a tree in the planting hole by:
step a1, digging a planting pit, and paving a degradable waterproof layer at the bottom of the planting pit;
step a2, paving coal cinder on the degradable waterproof layer, paving a layer of desert original soil on the coal cinder to form a soil layer, sticking a breathable waterproof film to a fixed basket, placing plants into the fixed basket, placing the fixed basket into a planting pit to enable the plants to be located on the soil layer, enabling the bottom surface of an upper frame to be flush with the ground, and enabling the upper frame to protrude out of the ground to fix sand;
step a3, adopting an alternate filling mode to prevent the air-permeable waterproof membrane from being damaged, filling nutrient soil from the top opening of the fixed basket, and simultaneously filling desert original soil into the planting pits to be level with the ground;
and step a4, circulating the steps to finish the arrangement of a row of fixed baskets.
In the above technical scheme, the sand-fixation agent further comprises a chemical sand-fixation module, the chemical sand-fixation module is a degradable sand-fixation agent, the degradable sand-fixation agent is sprayed after grass seeds are sowed, and preferably, the sand-fixation agent comprises polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, silica sol, nano calcium carbonate, sodium tetraborate or itaconic acid, acrylic acid, absolute ethyl alcohol, thionyl chloride, 15% sodium hydroxide solution, aminoguanidine, kaolin, calcium oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, spider silk, kaolin and an initiator.
In the technical scheme, the device further comprises a pouring module and a power module, wherein the pouring module comprises a pouring pipeline and a deep well, the pouring pipeline is connected with the deep well, and a pouring pump is connected to the pouring pipeline;
the power module comprises a solar cell panel and a storage battery, the solar cell panel is electrically connected with the storage battery, and the storage battery is electrically connected with the irrigation pump to supply power to the irrigation pump.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the ecological restoration system comprises arbors, shrubs and grass, fully utilizes environmental nutrition on the premise of ensuring ecological diversity, and plays a role in good sand fixation, so that desert ecology is restored. Meanwhile, the physical sand fixation module and the chemical sand fixation module are combined with the ecological sand fixation module, and the three modules have synergistic effects, so that the problem of long time required by single biological sand fixation is solved, a better sand fixation effect can be achieved, and ecological restoration is accelerated.
2. The fixing basket structure in the physical sand fixation module is similar to the upper structure of the plant root system, the development of the root of the arbor to two sides and a deep part is not influenced, meanwhile, after the plant grows to a mature stage, the root system penetrates out of the hole between the connecting rods, the formed anchoring effect further stabilizes the plant, and the inclination is prevented. Go up the frame and be the high molecular polymer material, connecting rod and lower frame are sawdust or straw material, go up the frame and set up to play the effect of fixing sand in the soil surface, connecting rod and lower frame play the fixed stay effect, and simultaneously, the material of sawdust or straw decomposes gradually under the microbial action, provides organic matter for soil. Fixed basket still is provided with ventilative water proof membrane, arbor growth earlier stage ventilative water proof membrane plays the moisturizing effect, pricks deeply gradually along with the arbor root system, ventilative water proof membrane degrades gradually to for the root system provides sufficient growth space, do not influence the growth of root system.
3. The sand needed by the sand fixing plate is collected from the local, the cost is further reduced, and meanwhile, after the plant grows and forms to play a role in biological sand fixing, the sand fixing plate for planting grass can be detached for recycling, and the sand fixing plate for transplanting shrubs is transplanted together with shrubs for recycling.
4. The planting pit is internally provided with the degradable waterproof layer and the coal cinder, and the degradable waterproof layer and the coal cinder can effectively store the water required by the growth initial stage of the arbor.
Drawings
Fig. 1a is a schematic view of the setting of the ecological restoration module a, and fig. 1b is a schematic view of desert restoration.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the planting belt arrangement.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of the fixed basket and the sand-fixing plate.
Fig. 4 shows a top view of the fixing basket.
Fig. 5 is a front view showing a fixing basket provided with a breathable waterproof film.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the components of the planting furrow.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the support frame.
In the figure: 1-a first planting zone, 2-a second planting zone, 3-a third planting zone, 4-a vegetation zone, 5-a fixed basket, 6-a sand fixing plate, 7-a fixed wedge, 8-an upper frame, 9-a connecting rod, 10-a lower frame, 11-a breathable waterproof film, 12-a degradable waterproof layer, 13-coal cinder, 14-nutrient soil, 15-a support frame, 16-shrub, 17-a tree planting position and 18-a planting pit;
a-ecological restoration module and b-desert zone.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
1.1
A desert ecological restoration method comprises the following steps:
Step 2:
step 2.1, after the Chinese herbal medicine growth in the step 1 is kept in the first planting zone 1 for one year, shrubs 16 are planted in the first planting zone 1 in the spring of the second year, 4-20 rows of shrubs 16 are planted, the interval between every two rows of shrubs 16 is 2-4m, the interval between every two shrubs 16 in every two rows of shrubs 16 is 1-3 m, an arbor planting position 17 is formed in every 3-5 shrubs 16, the side length of the arbor planting position 17 is 2-4m,
and 2.2, opening a second planting zone 2 on one side of the first planting zone 1 in spring in the same year, and sowing the grass seeds by adopting the same method as the step 1.
And step 3:
step 3.1, in spring of the third year, planting arbor in the arbor planting position 17 of the first planting zone 1;
3.2, planting shrubs 16 on the second planting belt 2 in spring of the same year by the same method as the step 2.1;
and 3.3, opening a third planting zone 3 on the other side of the second planting zone 2 in spring of the same year, and sowing grass seeds in the third planting zone 3 by adopting the same method in the step 2.2.
After three years, the first planting belt 1 is planted with grass, shrubs and trees to form a small ecological sand stabilization belt, and according to the method, the planting belts are sequentially opened up, so that the grass, shrubs and trees are planted on each planting belt to form a large ecological sand stabilization module a.
The widths of the first planting belt, the second planting belt and the third planting belt are 10-50m, so that standard planting and operation are facilitated.
The planting time of each planting zone is the period of abundant rainwater in spring, and the planting zones are suitable for plant growth.
And 4, sequentially opening up N ecological restoration modules a to realize ecological restoration from the vegetation zone 4 to the depth of the desert zone b, as shown in fig. 1 b.
1.2 an ecological desert restoration method, comprising the following steps:
And 2, step:
and 2.1, after the first planting zone 1 is nurtured for one year by the growth of the Chinese herbs in the step 1, planting shrubs 16 in the first planting zone 1 in the spring of the second year, wherein 4-20 rows of the shrubs 16 are planted, the interval between every two adjacent shrubs 16 is 2-4m, and the interval between every two adjacent shrubs 16 in every row of the shrubs 16 is 1-3 m.
And 2.2, opening a second planting belt 2 on one side of the first planting belt 1 in spring in the same year, when shrubs are planted in the first planting belt 1, arranging the excavated soil with grass on the edge, far away from the first planting belt 1, of the second planting belt 2 to serve as a protection edge, enabling a strip between the protection edge and the first planting belt 1 to be more favorable for grass growth, enabling the protection edge and the first planting belt 1 to have other protection effects on the strip, and sowing grass seeds in the rest positions by adopting the same method in the step 1.
And step 3:
3.1, in spring of the third year, setting an arbor planting position 17 every 3-5 shrubs 16, wherein the side length of the arbor planting position 17 is 2-4m, digging out the shrubs in the arbor planting positions 17 of the first planting zone 1, and planting arbors;
3.2, planting the shrubs 16 dug out from the first planting belt 1 in the same spring as a protection edge in the edge zone of the second planting belt 2, planting the shrubs 16 in the second planting belt 2 in the rest positions by the same method as the step 2.1,
and 3.3, opening a third planting belt 3 on the other side of the second planting belt 2 in spring of the same year, and arranging a protective edge on the third planting belt 3 by adopting the same method in the step 2.2. The first planting zone 1, the second planting zone 2 and the third planting zone 3 form an ecological restoration module a for sowing grass seeds.
And 4, opening up planting zones according to the steps 1-3 in sequence to form N ecological restoration modules a, and realizing ecological restoration from the vegetation zone 4 to the depth of the desert zone b, as shown in figure 1 b.
Example 1.2 differs from 1.1 in that the arbor planting site 17 plants shrubs 16 in the second year, without gaps, and vegetation growing every last year at the position where other plants need to be planted is planted in the next planting module and is planted at intervals to form a protective edge, and the transplanted large plants can effectively protect newly planted seedlings and can better prevent sand, thereby providing favorable protection. Further improve the survival rate of each plant.
Example 2
An ecological restoration system based on embodiment 1 comprises N planting zones, each of which is arranged as shown in fig. 2 after three years of restoration, and grass, shrubs 16 and trees are planted in each planting zone. The rooted arbor can better resist the harsh desert environment. The arbor, shrub 16 and grass fully utilize environmental nutrition on the premise of ensuring ecological diversity and play a good role in sand fixation, and when the arbor, shrub 16 and grass play a role in restoration independently, the arbor, shrub 16 and grass also have a mutual promotion effect, so that desert ecology is restored. However, the biological sand fixation formed by the ecological restoration system takes a long time, so the physical sand fixation module and the ecological restoration module a are combined and have a synergistic effect, so that a better sand fixation effect can be achieved, and the ecological restoration is accelerated.
2.1
As shown in fig. 3, the physical sand fixation module includes a fixed basket 5 for fixing the tree, a sand fixation plate 6 and a fixed wedge 7 which can be spliced with the fixed basket 5, the fixed wedge 7 can fix the adjacent sand fixation plate 6 or the adjacent sand fixation plate 6 and the fixed basket 5, and the fixed basket 5 is arranged in a planting pit 18 dug in the tree planting position 17.
As shown in fig. 4, fixed basket 5 includes last frame 8, is fixed in go up the connecting rod 9 of 8 bottoms of frame and be fixed in the lower frame 10 of connecting rod 9 bottom, fixed basket 5 is prismoid column structure, the length of side of the lower frame 10 of fixed basket 5 is greater than the length of side of last frame 8, the length of side of going up frame 8 is 2-4m, and during plant roots grows, preferentially pricks root all around in the below and centre, is similar to the spindle form, and fixed basket 5 structure is similar with plant roots superstructure, does not influence the root of arbor and develops to both sides and depths, simultaneously, plant development to the maturity stage after, the root system is worn out from the hole between the connecting rod 9, and the anchor of formation is used for the root system of further firm plant. Go up frame 8 and be the high molecular polymer material, connecting rod 9 and lower frame 10 form for sawdust or straw compression, go up frame 8 and set up to play the effect of fixing sand in the soil surface, when treating the root system and wear out the space between connecting rod 9 and the lower frame 10, connecting rod 9 and lower frame 10 play the fixed stay effect, and simultaneously, the material of sawdust or straw decomposes under the microbial action gradually, provides organic matter for soil.
2.2
As shown in fig. 5, the fixing basket 5 is further provided with a breathable waterproof membrane 11, the breathable waterproof membrane 11 includes a side breathable waterproof membrane and a bottom breathable waterproof membrane, the side breathable waterproof membrane is a trapezoidal membrane, the top of the side breathable waterproof membrane is fixed on one edge of the upper frame 8, the two sides of the side breathable waterproof membrane are fixed on the corresponding edge of the connecting rod 9, the bottom of the side breathable waterproof membrane is fixed on one edge of the lower frame 10, and the bottom breathable waterproof membrane is rectangular and fixed on the bottom of the lower frame 10. The trees are watered from the opening at the top of the fixed basket 5 in the early planting stage, and the breathable waterproof film 11 can keep the moisture required in the early growth stage of the plants.
The breathable waterproof film 11 is made of degradable materials, is gradually degraded in the arbor development process, and does not pollute the environment. Arbor growth earlier stage ventilative water proof membrane 11 plays the effect of moisturizing, pricks deeply gradually along with the arbor root system, ventilative water proof membrane 11 degrades gradually to for the root system provides sufficient growth space, do not influence the growth of root system.
The sand fixing plate 6 is made of cement, required sand is collected from the local, cost is further reduced, the sand fixing plate 6 is a rectangular, square or triangular grid plate, splicing is convenient, and meanwhile, the grid structure of the grid plate can fix sand. Each side of the sand fixing plate 6 and each side of the upper frame 8 are provided with rectangular grooves or dovetail grooves, the side length of the sand fixing plate 6 is 2-4m, and the side length of the sand fixing plate 6 is equal to that of the upper frame 8. The side length of the grid on the sand fixation plate is 0.2-0.5m, and the upper frame 8 and the sand fixation plate 6 are connected and fixed through the fixed wedge 7 to form a net-shaped structure, so that the purpose of sand fixation is achieved. Meanwhile, when shrubs 16 on the planting positions 17 of transplanted trees or pits are dug on the planting positions 17 of the trees, the sand fixing plate 6 can be detached or transplanted together with the shrubs 16 for recycling.
Example 3
In order to better fix sand in the early growth stage of plants and improve the ecological environment, on the basis of the embodiment 2, the ecological restoration system is also provided with a chemical sand fixing module.
The chemical sand fixation module is a degradable sand fixation agent, the degradable sand fixation agent is sprayed after grass seeds are sown, specifically, the sand fixation agent comprises polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, silica sol, nano calcium carbonate and sodium tetraborate or itaconic acid, acrylic acid, absolute ethyl alcohol, thionyl chloride, 15% sodium hydroxide solution, aminoguanidine, kaolin, calcium oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, spider silk, kaolin and an initiator, and the sand fixation agent plays a role in fixing sand and retaining water, so that the plant seeds sowed on the first planting belt can normally germinate, and meanwhile, the sand fixation agent can be dispersed under the washing of rainwater, and the normal growth of the plants can not be influenced.
Example 4
A plant pit 18 based on embodiment 2, as shown in figure 6, when setting up the arbor planting position, excavate earlier and plant the pit, the planting pit 18 degree of depth is 0.5-1.5m, and degradable waterproof layer 12 is laid to planting pit 18 bottom, and two years back are planted to the perennial arbor, prick the root deeply and can need not irrigate, degradable waterproof layer 12 can effectively remain the required moisture of plant rooting in earlier stage in-process, prevents too much moisture infiltration, when the plant root growth pricks the root downwards to planting pit 18 bottom, degradable waterproof layer 12 decomposes, does not influence the plant and continues to prick the root downwards.
Example 5
A setting method of an ecological restoration system based on embodiment 4, comprising the steps of:
step S1, setting a sand fixing plate 6 when sowing grass seeds in the spring of the first year, and fixing the sand fixing plate 6 to form a network through a fixing wedge 7.
Step S2, planting shrubs 16 in the holes of the sand fixation plate according to intervals when planting the shrubs 16 in the next year.
Step S3, when trees are planted in the third year, the sand fixing plate 6 of the corresponding tree planting position 17 is taken down or taken out together with the shrub 16 together with the sand fixing plate 6, a planting pit 18 is dug, a waterproof layer and coal cinder 13 are placed, a fixing basket 5 is processed, perennial trees are planted, and desert raw soil is backfilled, wherein the trees adopt drought-enduring varieties such as tamarix chinensis, populus diversifolius and the like.
Example 6
A planting furrow setting method based on embodiment 4 comprises the following steps:
step a1, digging a planting pit 18, and paving a degradable waterproof layer 12 at the bottom of the planting pit 18;
step a2, paving coal cinder 13 on the degradable waterproof layer 12, then paving a layer of desert original soil on the coal cinder 13 to form a soil layer, sticking a breathable waterproof membrane 11 to the fixed basket 5, placing the fixed basket 5 into the planting pit 18 after placing plants into the fixed basket 5 to enable the plants to be located on the soil layer, wherein the bottom surface of the upper frame 8 is flush with the ground, and the upper frame 8 protrudes out of the ground to fix sand;
step a3, pouring nutrient soil 14 from the top opening of the fixed basket 5, and simultaneously filling desert original soil into the planting pits 18 to be level with the ground.
Step a4, loop step 3, complete the set up of a row of stationary baskets 5.
Example 7
The utility model provides a desolate and boundless ecological recovery system based on embodiment 2-4, still includes watering module and power module, the watering module includes watering pipeline and deep well, the deep well is connected to the watering pipeline, be connected with the irrigation pump on the watering pipeline. The power module comprises a solar cell panel and a storage battery, the solar cell panel is electrically connected with the storage battery, and the storage battery is electrically connected with the irrigation pump to supply power to the irrigation pump.
Thereby prevent that it from receiving the sand blown by the wind influence crooked in earlier stage in order to fix the arbor, still be equipped with support frame 15 on the fixed basket 5, support frame 15 with fixed basket 5 can dismantle the connection, the support frame top is the annular, is used for fixing the arbor. The support frame 15 can prevent the newly planted arbor which does not root from falling down under the sand wind.
Example 8
A desert ecological restoration method based on the desert restoration system of embodiment 1, comprising the steps of:
step b1, environmental monitoring, wherein the annual precipitation near an observation point is obtained through a China weather service bureau scientific data sharing service network (http:// cdc. cma. gov. cn), a rainfall gauge is arranged at a place needing ecological restoration, 50-200 rainfall gauges are arranged per hectare, the area needing ecological restoration is ecologically monitored, and the precipitation in different periods of different years is obtained through monitoring;
and b2, measuring the underground water level, wherein the underground water level influences the diversity of the plants, the deeper the underground water level is, the more strict the requirements on the types of the plants are, and the higher the underground water level is, the salinization of the land can be caused. When the underground water level is 2-4m, the capacity of utilizing water resources by plants is strongest, the types of the plants are the most, the biological diversity is the best, different species occupy different resource utilization positions, obvious overlapping does not exist among the species, the inter-species competition is weak, and the plants can coexist. However, when the groundwater level is more than 6m, the grass, the shrub and the arbor have obvious competitive exclusion relationship, and only tamarix plants can survive due to serious shortage of resources.
And b3, setting the distance between the shrub planting density and the planting pit 18 according to the underground water level and the precipitation measured in the steps 1 and 2.
Step b4, planting plants, and performing irregular irrigation with the plant varieties according to the precipitation obtained in the step 1.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The desert ecological restoration method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, selecting a vegetation zone in a desert as an initial starting point, opening up a first planting zone on one side of the vegetation zone, and sowing grass seeds in the spring of the first year;
and 2, step:
step 2.1, planting shrubs in the first planting zone in the spring of the second year after the grass seeds in the step 1 grow for one year, namely conserving the first planting zone for one year, and reserving an arbor planting position every 3-5 shrubs;
2.2, opening a second planting zone on one side of the first planting zone in spring of the same year, and sowing grass seeds;
and step 3:
step 3.1, in spring of the third year, planting arbor in the arbor planting position of the first planting zone;
3.2, planting shrubs in the second planting zone in spring of the same year by the same method as the step 2.1;
3.3, opening a third planting zone on the other side of the second planting zone in spring of the same year, and sowing grass seeds;
after the steps 1-3 are completed, planting grass, shrubs and trees on the first planting belt, and sequentially opening up planting belts according to the method, so that the grass, the shrubs and the trees are planted on each planting belt to form a completed planting belt;
and 4, sequentially opening up N planting zones to realize ecological restoration from the vegetation zone to the deep part of the desert zone.
2. The desert ecological restoration method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, selecting a vegetation zone in a desert as an initial starting point, and opening a first planting zone at one side of the vegetation zone;
step 2:
step 2.1, after the Chinese herbal seeds in the step 1 grow and nourish a first planting zone for one year, shrubs are planted in the first planting zone in spring of the second year;
2.2, a second planting belt is opened on one side of the first planting belt in spring of the same year, when shrubs are planted in the first planting belt, excavated soil with grass is placed on the edge, far away from the first planting belt, of the second planting belt to serve as a protection edge, and grass seeds are sown in the rest positions by the same method in the step 1;
and 3, step 3:
step 3.1, digging an arbor planting position every 3-5 shrubs in the first planting zone in spring of the third year, digging out the shrubs in the arbor planting position, and planting arbors on the arbor planting position;
step 3.2, in spring of the same year, transplanting the shrubs excavated from the first planting belt to the edge zone of the second planting belt to serve as a protective edge, planting the shrubs in the second planting belt at the rest positions by adopting the same method in the step 2.1,
3.3, opening a third planting zone on the other side of the second planting zone in spring of the same year, arranging a protective edge on the third planting zone by adopting the same method in the step 2.2, and sowing grass seeds;
after the steps 1-3 are completed, planting grass, shrubs and trees on the first planting belt, and sequentially opening up planting belts according to the method, so that the grass, the shrubs and the trees are planted on each planting belt to form a completed planting belt;
and 4, sequentially opening up N planting zones to realize ecological restoration from the vegetation zone to the deep part of the desert zone.
3. The ecological desert restoration method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the width of the planting zone is 10-50m, each planting zone is used for planting 4-20 rows of shrubs, the interval between every two rows of shrubs is 2-4m, the interval between every two shrubs in each row is 1-3 m, each row of shrubs is provided with one arbor planting position for planting one arbor every 3-5 shrubs, and the rest positions of the planting zone are used for planting grass.
4. Ecological restoration system obtained by the method for ecological restoration of desert as claimed in any one of claims 1-3, comprising N planting zones, each of which is planted with grasses, shrubs and trees.
5. The ecological restoration system according to claim 4, further comprising a physical sand fixation module, wherein the physical sand fixation module comprises a fixing basket for fixing the trees, a sand fixation plate for planting grass or shrubs, and a fixing wedge for fixing two adjacent sand fixation plates or fixing the adjacent sand fixation plates and the fixing basket, the fixing basket is arranged in a planting pit dug in the tree planting position, the sand fixation plates are grid sand fixation plates, and the holes of the grid are used for planting grass or shrubs;
when the shrubs or grass are transplanted, the shrubs or grass are transplanted together with the sand fixing plate.
6. The ecological restoration system according to claim 5, wherein the fixed basket comprises an upper frame, a connecting rod fixed at the bottom of the upper frame and a lower frame fixed at the bottom of the connecting rod, the fixed basket is of a prismatic table structure, the side length of the lower frame of the fixed basket is larger than that of the upper frame, the side length of the upper frame is 2-4m, the upper frame is made of high polymer, the connecting rod and the lower frame are made of sawdust or straw through compression, a support frame is further arranged on the fixed basket and detachably connected with the fixed basket, and the top of the support frame is annular for fixing the arbor;
preferably, the fixed basket is further provided with a breathable waterproof membrane, the breathable waterproof membrane comprises a side breathable waterproof membrane and a bottom breathable waterproof membrane, the side breathable waterproof membrane is a trapezoidal membrane, the top of the side breathable waterproof membrane is fixed to one edge of the upper frame, the two sides of the side breathable waterproof membrane are fixed to the corresponding edge of the connecting rod, the bottom of the side breathable waterproof membrane is fixed to one edge of the lower frame, the bottom breathable waterproof membrane is rectangular and fixed to the bottom of the lower frame, and the breathable waterproof membrane is made of degradable materials.
7. The ecological restoration system according to claim 6, wherein the sand fixing plate is made of cement or polymer material, sand and soil required by cement are collected from the local area, the sand fixing plate is a rectangular, square or triangular grid plate, each side of the sand fixing plate and the upper frame is provided with a rectangular groove or a dovetail groove, the rectangular groove or the dovetail groove is used for inserting and locking a fixing wedge, the side length of the sand fixing plate is 2-4m, the side length of the sand fixing plate is equal to that of the upper frame, and the side length of the grid on the sand fixing plate is 0.2-0.5 m.
8. The ecological restoration system according to claim 6, wherein when the arbor planting site is set, the planting pit is dug first, the depth of the planting pit is 0.5-1.5m, a degradable waterproof layer is laid at the bottom of the planting pit, coal slag is laid above the degradable waterproof layer, the thickness of the coal slag is 10-50cm, nutrient soil is arranged in the fixed basket, the nutrient soil comprises desert original soil, humus and a water-retaining agent, the desert original soil is taken out from the excavated planting pit, preferably, the desert original soil is taken out when the planting pit is excavated to the depth of 0.3-1.0m, the proportion of the soil, the humus and the water-retaining agent is 1: (0.05-0.1): (0.02-0.2), uniformly mixing the soil, the humus and the water-retaining agent, wherein the nutrient soil also comprises microorganisms for decomposing the humus to provide nutrition for the roots of the plants;
planting a tree in the planting hole by:
step a1, digging a planting pit, and paving a degradable waterproof layer at the bottom of the planting pit;
step a2, paving coal cinder on the degradable waterproof layer, paving a layer of desert original soil on the coal cinder to form a soil layer, sticking a breathable waterproof film to a fixed basket, placing plants into the fixed basket, placing the fixed basket into a planting pit to enable the plants to be located on the soil layer, enabling the bottom surface of an upper frame to be flush with the ground, and enabling the upper frame to protrude out of the ground to fix sand;
step a3, adopting an alternative filling mode to prevent the air-permeable waterproof membrane from being damaged, pouring nutrient soil from the top opening of the fixed basket, and simultaneously filling desert original soil into the planting pits to be level with the ground;
and step a4, circulating the steps to finish the arrangement of a row of fixed baskets.
9. The ecological restoration system according to claim 4, further comprising a chemical sand fixation module, wherein the chemical sand fixation module is a degradable sand fixation agent, the degradable sand fixation agent is sprayed after grass seeds are sown, and preferably, the sand fixation agent comprises polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, silica sol, nano calcium carbonate, sodium tetraborate or itaconic acid, acrylic acid, absolute ethyl alcohol, thionyl chloride, 15% sodium hydroxide solution, aminoguanidine, kaolin, calcium oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, spider silk, kaolin, and an initiator.
10. The ecological restoration system according to claim 4, further comprising a watering module and a power module, wherein the watering module comprises a watering pipe and a deep well, the watering pipe is connected with the deep well, and a watering pump is connected to the watering pipe;
the power module comprises a solar cell panel and a storage battery, the solar cell panel is electrically connected with the storage battery, and the storage battery is electrically connected with the irrigation pump to supply power to the irrigation pump.
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Application publication date: 20220624 |