CN105579264A - 车辆牵引装置及结合有该车辆牵引装置的车辆 - Google Patents

车辆牵引装置及结合有该车辆牵引装置的车辆 Download PDF

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CN105579264A
CN105579264A CN201480052238.7A CN201480052238A CN105579264A CN 105579264 A CN105579264 A CN 105579264A CN 201480052238 A CN201480052238 A CN 201480052238A CN 105579264 A CN105579264 A CN 105579264A
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motor
main shaft
vehicle
output shaft
shaft
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CN105579264B (zh
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F·J·布拉斯科格拉西亚
U·布拉斯科格拉西亚
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    • B62M6/00—Rider propulsion of wheeled vehicles with additional source of power, e.g. combustion engine or electric motor
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    • B62M6/55—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor power-driven at crank shafts parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
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    • B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
    • B62K11/00—Motorcycles, engine-assisted cycles or motor scooters with one or two wheels
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    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M17/00—Transmissions characterised by use of rotary shaft, e.g. cardan shaft
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    • B62M7/00—Motorcycles characterised by position of motor or engine
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    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K2001/003—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units with means for cooling the electrical propulsion units
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0405—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion characterised by their position
    • B60K2001/0422—Arrangement under the front seats
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
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Abstract

主要用于陆地车辆的车辆牵引装置，这类车辆牵引装置包括马达和传动装置，其中，该马达优选地具有轴向旋转件，例如电动马达，该马达旋转件与该传动装置的主轴共面和同时动作，并且该主轴又与输出轴同轴，使得该输出轴横穿该主轴并延伸超过该主轴的端部。

Description

车辆牵引装置及结合有该车辆牵引装置的车辆
技术领域
如由名称所示，本发明的主题涉及一种主要用于陆地车辆的车辆牵引装置，这类陆地车辆包括马达和传动装置，其中，该马达优选地具有如在电动马达中的同轴旋转，并且该马达的旋转轴与该传动装置的主轴是共面的且是共同动作的。
上述主轴又与输出轴同轴，使得该输出轴横穿该主轴并且延伸超过其端部。
该主轴被视为是从马达接收力的轴，这是因为它被连接到该马达的旋转轴，并且该输出轴被视为是被通过该传动装置连接到一个或多个驱动轮的轴。
本发明可应用在车辆领域中。
背景技术
电动马达正越来越多地用在所有类型的车辆中，特别地但不限于用在陆地车辆中。
使用电动马达的主要缺点之一是需要通常大且重的电池。
在具有三个或更多个车轮的陆地车辆中，该问题并不重要，这是由于重量可被以不同的方式分布，而并不极大地影响稳定性，并且存在足够大的空间来容置电池。然而，目前，由于电池的重量和位置以及该电动马达的旋转轴的位置阻碍了其使用，因此电动马达很少在两轮车辆中使用。
两轮车辆所面对的另一问题是后轮悬架的摆动，这使该传动装置复杂化并在传动链条中产生张紧力和过载。
西班牙实用新型ES1076136U涉及一种用于电动摩托车的摆动变速箱。然而，所述摆动变速箱需要该电动马达的旋转轴平行于摩托车的悬架的摇臂的旋转轴，即，平行于后轮的旋转轴。因此，马达重量分布在车辆的两侧上必然是不均匀的，从而潜在地影响了车辆的稳定性。
另一方面，通过齿轮、滑轮和传动装置连接到多种轴的横向连接需要相当大的空间，这限制了电池可利用的空间。
欧洲专利EP2236338描述了一种混合动力车辆，其中，被结合在该混合动力车辆中的电动马达被布置成，使得其旋转轴在其运动方向上横向于车辆本体，从而具有上述负载问题。
欧洲专利EP2168861涉及一种电动摩托车，其中，该马达被锚固于摆动元件。在这种情况下，该马达旋转轴也横向于该车辆本体。
就变速箱而言，存在大量的专利文献，其中没有一篇看似包括本发明的变速箱的主要元件。
发明内容
为了解决上述缺点，作为本发明的目的的车辆牵引装置包括：
马达，优选地为电动的；
与该马达的旋转轴共面且同时动作的主轴，其中，两个所述轴彼此接合，并且该主轴从该马达直接地接收力。
输出轴，除其它功能之外，该输出轴通过带有链条、皮带轮或万向轴的齿轮将力从马达传递到一个或多个驱动轮。
该主轴与该输出轴同轴，其中，该输出轴轴向地横穿所述主轴。
在简单实施例中，该主轴和该输出轴永久地共同旋转，并且可由单个部件制成。
本发明适用于所有类型的车辆，并且特别适用于两轮车辆。因此，本发明将集中于所述车辆，在所述车辆中，更清楚地看到优点。
在所提议的本发明中，该马达的旋转轴和该传动装置的主轴共面且同时动作。所述两个轴之间的角度在不同实施例中可以不同。
由此，该马达相对于该主轴的位置可在不同实施例中有所变化。例如，除其它构造之外，其它牵引系统可被构想有一个马达、作用在同一主轴上的呈V形布置的两个马达、或并行的两个马达、或两个相对的马达。
如上所述，在简单实施例中，该牵引系统可不包括变速元件，这是由于电动马达的性能使这是切实可行的。
一种电动马达产生接近于其最大值(近乎80％)的从750转/分(RPM)到1,500RPM的转矩以及从1,500RPM到3,000RPM的最大转矩，但超过该点，它开始下降，直到最大回转状态为止。
由于这种行为，使用单个齿轮被视为是可能的；然而，随着转矩在高速回转中急剧地下降，最大速度在超出3,000RPM情况下被利用很小的加速度来获得，并且它被缓慢地到达。
该特征提出使用至少一个附加齿轮，使得从静止出发或处于低速时，该第一齿轮将提供良好的加速度，直到最大速度的一半，并且接合第二齿轮利用了该车辆的惯性以及改进的转矩输出来减少该马达的回转并获得更快的速度。
为此，本文所述的本发明的目的提供了一种变速器，包括：
主轴，其被同样理解成该马达的旋转轴通过一些接合元件直接作用在其上的轴；
永久地接合到所述主轴的至少一个副轴；
与该主轴同轴的输出轴，其中，该输出轴同轴地横穿该主轴。
一个轴横穿另一个轴的两个同轴的轴的这种布置在其接合操作和释放操作中防止轴的纵向位移，从而导致空间需求降低，特别是在该输出轴的长度方面以及因此在该传动装置的总宽度方面更是如此。
在具有摇臂的车辆中，两轮车辆通常就是这样，如前所述为同轴的该主轴和该输出轴同样与该悬架的摇臂的轴同轴；由于该传动装置的宽度减少，因此可以采用该位置，从而防止该传动装置例如由于在链条中的张紧力变化而受到磨损。
如上所述，该主轴和该副轴被永久地接合。
如果正使用第二齿轮(直接驱动)，则该输出轴被接合到该主轴，使得该副轴自由地转动，而不将其运动传递到任何其它轴。
如果使用该第一齿轮，则该副轴也被接合到该输出轴。
换档将取决于是否将该输出轴接合到该主轴或该副轴，并且在诸如伺服马达之类的电动装置的帮助下或通过机械作用，可手动地或自动地实施换档。
该变速箱可包括使用比率彼此不同的平行轴的附加齿轮，这些附加齿轮在适当时接合该输出轴。
如前所述的牵引系统允许将该马达放置在较高位置并且具有基本垂直的旋转轴，由此，所述旋转轴作用在该主轴上，该主轴与摇臂轴和输出轴同轴。这样一来，在该马达的前面留有足够大的空间以容置车辆电池。
在该马达的多种可能的位置中的大多数位置中，所述马达的侧面中的一个面对运动方向，使得通常纵向于该马达的旋转轴布置的通风片的效力受到限制。
当马达正操作时，为了优化空气的冷却作用，本发明包括横向于该马达的旋转轴设置的多个散热片，从而在车辆处于运动中时，增强空气在它们之间的通过。
附图说明
图1示出了该牵引系统的透视图，该牵引系统包括马达(1)和传动装置(9)，其中，该马达的旋转轴(2)通过接合装置(5)接合与输出轴(4)同轴的主轴(3)，该输出轴通过小齿轮(6)将来自该马达的力传递到一个或多个驱动轮。它也示出了永久地接合于该主轴的副轴(7)以及横向于该马达旋转轴的散热片(13)。
图2示出了该牵引系统的正视截面图，该牵引系统包括马达(1)和传动装置(9)，其中，该马达的旋转轴(2)通过接合装置(5)接合与输出轴(4)同轴的主轴(3)，该输出轴通过小齿轮(6)将该马达的力传递到一个或多个驱动轮。它也示出了永久地接合于该主轴的副轴(7)。
图3示出了被安装在两轮车辆(8)上的牵引装置，从而能够看到该装置允许一种布置，使得该马达(1)被容置在该传动装置(9)的上方，从而留下充足的空间用于放置电池(10)。
图4示出了被安装在两轮车辆中的该装置的放大视图，其中，电池已被移除，展示了带有散热片(13)的马达(1)、传动装置(9)和与未示出的主轴和输出轴同轴的摇臂(11)，从而示出了链条(12)，该链条将力从被示出为被覆盖的该输出轴的小齿轮(6)传递到该驱动轮。
图5示出了包括被呈V形布置的两个马达的该装置的实施例的示例。
图6示出了包括被平行布置的两个马达的该装置的实施例的示例。
图7示出了包括彼此相对布置的两个马达的该装置的实施例的示例。
在图5、图6和图7中，散热片既覆盖该传动装置又覆盖该马达本身。
具体实施方式
下文中仅出于说明的目的而非限制的意义描述了本发明的实施例。
根据本文中所提议的该实施例的车辆牵引装置包括：
1.一种电动马达(1)；
2.一种包括双速变速箱的传动元件(9)，该传动元件又包括：
·主轴(3)，该主轴与该马达的旋转轴(2)共面并且同时动作，其中，该马达(1)被布置在该传动元件(9)的上方；
·输出轴(4)，该输出轴与上述主轴(3)同轴，其中，该主轴(3)局部地环绕该输出轴(4)；
·该主轴(3)和输出轴(4)又与该车辆(11)的摇臂(11)的轴同轴，该车辆在本示例中为两轮车辆；
·接合元件，当适用时，接合元件将该主轴的运动连结到该输出轴；
·副轴(7)，该副轴被永久地接合于该主轴(3)；
·当适用时，用于将该副轴(7)接合于该输出轴(4)的元件；
·用于将该输出轴(4)的运动传递到该驱动轮(在本示例中为后轮)的元件(在本示例中为链条(12))，该输出轴结合有小齿轮(6)。
如上所述，该马达(1)被放置在该传动元件(9)的上方，从而在前面释放了充足的空间以放置电池。
使输出轴(4)与该摇臂(11)的轴同轴降低了诸如链条(12)之类的传动元件上的负载，这是因为介于该输出轴(4)与该驱动轮的轴之间的距离保持不变。
就齿轮而言，该变速箱操作如下：
在第二档位中，该主轴(3)和该输出轴(4)被接合在一起并一起转动，而该副轴(7)被永久地接合于该主轴(3)并且也转动，但并不将其运动传递到任何其它轴。
在第一档位中，该副轴(7)接合该输出轴(4)，该输出轴在接合该副轴(7)之前与该主轴(3)脱离接合。
通过小齿轮和大齿轮的级联实现了轴之间的旋转速度差。
轴可被自动或手动地接合和脱离接合；在手动进行的情况下，它可由伺服马达或由机械换档予以协助。
除了所描述的一个实施例之外，还存在许多其它可能的实施例。关于马达的布置的一个实施例的示例示于图5到图7中，并且还存在关于结合有它的车辆类型的许多选项。
为了帮助冷却该马达和传动装置，已经结合了横向于该马达的旋转轴布置的散热片(13)，使得通过该车辆的运动协助，空气容易地通过它们。

Claims (7)

1.车辆牵引装置，其特征在于，它包括：
1.至少一个马达(1)；
2.一种传动元件，包括：
a.主轴(3)，所述主轴与所述马达的旋转轴(2)共面且同时动作；
b.处于所述主轴(3)与所述马达的旋转轴(2)之间的接合元件(5)；
c.与所述主轴同轴的输出轴(4)；
d.用于暂时或永久地连结所述主轴(3)和所述输出轴(4)的旋转的装置；
e.用于将所述输出轴(4)的旋转传递到所述车辆的驱动元件的装置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆牵引装置，其特征在于，它包括：
·与所述主轴同轴并独立于所述主轴的输出轴(4)，其中，所述输出轴(4)横穿所述主轴(3)并延伸超过所述主轴的端部；
·接合到所述主轴的至少一个副轴(7)；
·用于接合所述主轴和所述输出轴的装置；
·用于接合所述副轴和所述输出轴的装置；
·用于接合所述主轴和所述输出轴的装置。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的车辆牵引装置，其特征在于，所述输出轴、所述主轴和摇臂轴同轴。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的车辆牵引装置，其特征在于，所述马达占据位于所述传动元件上方的位置。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的车辆牵引装置，其特征在于，所述马达为电动的。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的车辆牵引装置，其特征在于，它包括横向于所述马达的旋转轴布置的一系列散热片(13)。
7.一种车辆，所述车辆结合有根据前述权利要求所述的牵引装置。
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