CN102862477A - 电动汽车的四轮驱动转换器 - Google Patents

电动汽车的四轮驱动转换器 Download PDF

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CN102862477A
CN102862477A CN201210233171XA CN201210233171A CN102862477A CN 102862477 A CN102862477 A CN 102862477A CN 201210233171X A CN201210233171X A CN 201210233171XA CN 201210233171 A CN201210233171 A CN 201210233171A CN 102862477 A CN102862477 A CN 102862477A
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electrical motor
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wheel drive
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姜知熙
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Hyundai Mobis Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
    • B60L7/22—Dynamic electric resistor braking, combined with dynamic electric regenerative braking
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H1/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H1/28—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with gears having orbital motion
    • F16H1/46—Systems consisting of a plurality of gear trains each with orbital gears, i.e. systems having three or more central gears
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/02—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used
    • F16H61/0202—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric
    • F16H61/0204—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal
    • F16H61/0213—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal characterised by the method for generating shift signals

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Arrangement And Driving Of Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种电动汽车的四轮驱动转换器，电动汽车上具备的四轮驱动转换器（5）将电动机（6）和差速齿轮（4）之间排列的行星齿轮系（20）和离合器（40）同时具备而实现四轮驱动时，变速时间点以后电动机旋转数下降而在高速区段，即使不解除电动机（6）和差速齿轮（4）的连接状态，也可以实现四轮驱动且不损伤电动机（6），而且在电动汽车的整个行驶区段均能实施再生制动而大幅提高再生制动效率。

Description

电动汽车的四轮驱动转换器
技术领域
本发明涉及电动汽车，尤其是具备低速还是高速都不中断连接而提升行驶能力，在整个行驶区段均可实施再生制动的四轮驱动转换器的电动汽车。
背景技术
一般电动汽车是利用将电动机的驱动力直接传递给后轮的差速齿轮的方式实现四轮驱动。
图5是具备普通四轮驱动转换器的电动汽车结构示意图。
如图所示，电动汽车具备的发动机100将使用燃料产生的动力传给前轮111，还包括四轮驱动时与传动系连接，向连接于后轮112的差速齿轮113传递动力以驱动后轮112的带有电动机115的四轮驱动转换器114。
有关所述发动机100和前轮111驱动的所有装置一般都采用电动汽车的通常结构。
电动机115旋转速度超过一定水平时，产生超负荷而加大对与电动机115一起构成的控制部和器具部造成损坏的风险，尤其因超负荷状态下产生的反电动势，有可能造成更大的损伤。
因此电动机115需要安装可以防止所述损伤风险的安装装置。
如图5所示，四轮驱动转换器114是利用电动机115的动力实现旨在保护电动机115的安全装置。
所述四轮驱动转换器114其组成包括发生动力的电动机115，以及位于电动机115的减速器与差速齿轮113之间，对传递于后轮112的电动机115的动力选择性地实施连接，再转换为四轮驱动的离合器116。
所述离合器116以电动机115的旋转速度为准，连接或中断电动机115对差速齿轮113的连接而作为安全装置对电动机115起到保护作用。
具备所述离合器116的四轮驱动转换器114是只有在连接离合器116的减速器和差速齿轮113之间时，电动机115的动力经过离合器116和差速齿轮113传到后轮112而实现四轮驱动。
一般，离合器116是只有在低速区，将电动机115的动力连到差速齿轮113，因此四轮驱动引起的后轮接地力是只有低速状态下才能实现，高速状态下完全无法实现。
而且电动机115和差速齿轮113是只有在低速区段连接到离合器116，因此在高速行驶时实施制动，则完全不能实现再生制动。
发明内容
技术课题
鉴于所述问题，本发明是在低速区段利用离合器将电动机的动力直接传给差速齿轮，高速区段则利用行星齿轮和离合器，将电动机的动力，间接地传给差速齿轮而提供一种无论是低速行驶还是高速行驶中均实现四轮驱动，防止电动机因随电动机的转动速度上升引起的超负荷和反电动势而受到破坏的电动汽车四轮驱动转换器。
本发明是不管是低速行驶还是高速行驶均能实现四轮驱动而提供一种从低速行驶区段到高速行驶区段的整个区段都能实现再生制动而大幅提高效率的电动汽车四轮驱动转换器。
本发明是在差速齿轮之间安装电动机的同时将使用少量配件形成简单结构的行星齿轮作为变速器使用，从而提供体积和重量都比正齿轮变速系统减少且装配工艺简化，尤其电动机的设计更加自由以节省成本的电动汽车四轮驱动转换器。
技术方案
为实现所述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是，提供一种电动汽车的四轮驱动转换器，包括：
电动机，与使用燃料发生动力的发动机同时具备，具备四轮驱动时向连接后轮的差速齿轮传动力的减速器；
行星齿轮系，连接从所述电动机的减速器连接的电动机推进轴而旋转；
离合器，连接所述电动机推进轴而将所述电动机的动力传给所述差速齿轮，同时连接所述行星齿轮系而将所述电动机的动力经过所述行星齿轮系传给所述差速齿轮。
所述行星齿轮系和所述离合器在所述电动机和所述差速齿轮之间串联排列，所述行星齿轮系位于所述离合器的前端。
所述行星齿轮系与所述电动机的电动机推进轴至少以一个以上的轴承为媒介结合。
所述行星齿轮系的组成结构包括：太阳齿轮，通过所述电动机推进轴旋转；行星齿轮，与所述太阳齿轮周围外接而自转且至少由一个以上组成；架，连接于所述行星齿轮而向所述离合器传递旋转力；齿圈，与所述行星齿轮内接。
有益效果
如上所述，本发明是利用电动机和差速齿轮之间共同排列的行星齿轮和离合器，根据低速区段和高速区段，选择电动机的动力传递路径，从而避免电动机因超负荷和反电动势而受到损伤的现象。
本发明是低速行驶还是高速行驶，均可实现四轮驱动且不损坏电动机，在整个行驶区段均能实现四轮驱动而便于驾驶。
而且本发明是除离合器之外，还利用行星齿轮，在不损伤电动机的前提下，实现整个行驶区段内的四轮驱动而大幅提高从低速行驶区段至高速行驶区段的再生制动效率，并利用安装在电动机和差速齿轮之间且使用少量配件构成单纯结构的行星齿轮作为变速系统使用而体积和重量均比正齿轮变速系统减少，装配工艺也简化，尤其提高电动机的设计自由度而节省成本。
附图说明
图1是具备本发明的四轮驱动转换器的电动汽车结构图;
图2是本发明的四轮驱动转换器的变速系统原理图;
图3是在低速区段实现四轮驱动时按照本实施例的四轮驱动转换器的传动路径;
图4是在高速区段实现四轮驱动时按照本实施例的四轮驱动转换器的传动路径;
图5是具备传统的四轮驱动转换器的电动汽车结构图。
附图标记说明
1 : 发动机       2,3 : 前、后轮
4 : 差速齿轮     5 : 四轮驱动转换器
6 : 电动机       6a : 电动机推进轴
10 : 转换装置    20 : 行星齿轮系
21 : 太阳齿轮       22 : 行星齿轮
23 : 架          24 : 齿圈
30 : 轴承        40 : 离合器。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
图1是具备本实施例中四轮驱动转换器的电动汽车结构示意图。
如图所示，电动汽车具备将使用燃料发生的动力传给前轮2的发动机1，其结构包括四轮驱动时连接到传动系，将动力传给连接于后轮3的差速齿轮4而驱动后轮3的四轮驱动转换器5。
所述发动机1和前轮2的驱动相关的所有装置均按照电动汽车的普通结构形成。
所述四轮驱动转换器5由发生动力的电动机6，以及连接于电动机6的减速器连接的电动机推进轴6a而在四轮驱动时，利用传到差速齿轮113的电动机6的动力驱动后轮3的转换装置构成。
所述转换装置10由从电动机6的减速器连接的电动机推进轴6a、以一对轴承30为媒介结合而旋转的行星齿轮系20，以及连接于从电动机6的减速器连接的电动机推进轴6a的同时连接于行星齿轮系20而向差动齿轮传动力的离合器40构成。
所述行星齿轮系20是由通过从电动机6的减速器连接的电动机推进轴6a旋转的太阳齿轮21、与太阳齿轮21周围外接而自动的至少由一个以上组成的行星齿轮22，以及连接行星齿轮22而向离合器40传递旋动力的架23、与行星齿轮22内接的齿圈24组成。
所述离合器40是将电动机6的动力连接到差速齿轮113而整个行驶区段都能实现四轮驱动。
为此，所述离合器40会直接连接于从电动机6的减速器连接的电动机推进轴6a，或者连接通过电动机6旋转的行星齿轮系20。
如上所述，电动机6和差速齿轮4之间排列行星齿轮系20和离合器40，并选择性地实施连接，缓解高速行驶时向电动机6施加的超负荷和反电动势而发挥安全装置的作用，从而对电动机6实施保护。
本实施例中，四轮驱动转换器5可以按照利用太阳齿轮21和齿圈24的齿轮比的简单原理，实现变速系统，图2表示太阳齿轮21和齿圈24的齿轮比为1：2时利用四轮驱动转换器5的变速线图。
利用所述四轮驱动转换器5变速时，应根据电动机6的电动机力矩（Motor Torque）、电动机旋转数（Motor RPM）以及输出扭力（Out Torque）及其输出旋转数（Out RPM）等变量，检测其性能。
图2中图示的线图是假设电动机力矩（Motor Torque）为1后利用四轮驱动转换器5实现的变速状态，图中显示，输出扭力（Out Torque）是在电动机力矩（Motor Torque）=1的条件下，变速时间点以后减少为1/3（齿轮比1：2），输出旋转数（Out RPM）是在变速时间点以后继续增加而在高速区段也仍然传递力矩，电动机旋转数（Motor RPM）是在变速时间点以后降低而在高速区段无需解除电动机6和差速齿轮4的连接。
变速时发生的冲击是以控制电动机6的方法最小化，例如采用在变速时，使电动机旋转数（Motor RPM）与差速齿轮4的输入轴一致之后相互连接的控制方式。
图3是在低速区段实现四轮驱动时，按照本实施例的四轮驱动转换器的传动路径。
如图所示，在低速行驶区段实现四轮驱动，则电动机6的离合器40直接连接于从电动机6的减速器连接的电动机推进轴6a而将电动机6的动力传到差速齿轮113。
相反，图4是在高速区段实现四轮驱动时依照本实施例的四轮驱动转换器的传动路径。
如图所示，在高速行驶区段实现四轮驱动，则离合器40会连接通过电动机6旋转的行星齿轮系20，从而将经过架23的电动机6的动力传到差速齿轮113。
如上所述，电动机旋转数（Motor RPM）在变速时间点以后降低，因此在高速区段不需解除电动机6和差速齿轮4的连接状态，而且在所述连接状态下，电动机6也不会因超负荷和反电动势而受到损伤，依然安全实现四轮驱动。
如上所述，无论是低速还是高速行驶，均能实现四轮驱动，因此本实施例中电动汽车是从低速行驶区段到高速行驶区段的整个行驶区段均能实施再生制动而大幅提高再生制动效率。

Claims (5)

1.一种电动汽车的四轮驱动转换器，其特征在于，包括：
电动机，与使用燃料发生动力的发动机同时具备，并具备四轮驱动时向连接后轮的差速齿轮传动力的减速器；
行星齿轮系，连接从所述电动机的减速器连接的电动机推进轴而旋转；
离合器，连接所述电动机推进轴而将所述电动机的动力传给所述差速齿轮，同时连接所述行星齿轮系而将所述电动机的动力经过所述行星齿轮系传给所述差速齿轮。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电动汽车的四轮驱动转换器，其特征在于，
所述行星齿轮系和所述离合器在所述电动机和所述差速齿轮之间串联排列，所述行星齿轮系位于所述离合器的前端。
3.根据权利要求2所述的电动汽车的四轮驱动转换器，其特征在于，所述行星齿轮系与所述电动机的电动机推进轴至少以一个以上的轴承为媒介结合。
4.根据权利要求3所述的电动汽车的四轮驱动转换器，其特征在于，所述行星齿轮系的组成结构包括：
太阳齿轮，通过所述电动机推进轴旋转；
行星齿轮，与所述太阳齿轮周围外接而自转且至少由一个以上组成；
架，连接于所述行星齿轮而向所述离合器传递旋转力；
齿圈，与所述行星齿轮内接。
5.根据权利要求4所述的电动汽车的四轮驱动转换器，其特征在于，
所述太阳齿轮和所述齿圈的齿轮比为1：2。
CN201210233171XA 2011-07-06 2012-07-06 电动汽车的四轮驱动转换器 Pending CN102862477A (zh)

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