CN105536841A - AgSiO2核壳结构修饰改性g-C3N4光催化纤维制备方法 - Google Patents
AgSiO2核壳结构修饰改性g-C3N4光催化纤维制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种AgSiO2核壳结构修饰改性g-C3N4光催化纤维制备方法,包括以下步骤:(1)将g-C3N4超声分散在APAM水溶液中,得到含g-C3N4纳米片的分散液;(2)将PVP溶入乙二醇中,再加入AgNO3,加入过量的丙酮沉淀析出Ag颗粒,分离得到Ag纳米颗粒;(3)将Ag纳米颗粒分散到无水乙醇中,加入去离子水、氨水和含正硅酸乙酯乙醇溶液,离心得到SiO2包裹的Ag纳米颗粒;(4)将SiO2纳米包裹的Ag纳米颗粒和APAM水溶液滴加到含g-C3N4纳米片的混合液中,浓缩得到纺丝液;(5)将纺丝液纺丝获得前驱体纤维;前驱体纤维经热处理获得AgSiO2修饰的g-C3N4纤维光催化材料。该方法极大的缩短了g-C3N4的层剥离时间;制备出的光催化水处理功能纤维材料,更容易回收利用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及到一种AgSiO2修饰改性g-C3N4纤维半导体光催化材料的制备方法,属于光催化材料制备技术领域。
背景技术
在一定能量光的照射下,半导体光催化材料受激发可产生光生电子和空穴,在其表面与所吸附的物质发生氧化还原反应,这可用于氧化甚至矿化水中的有机污染物或分解水制备氢气,是实现光能转化利用与水体净化的有效途径。然而,以TiO2为代表的常规光催化剂,由于自身带隙能较宽,致使其光谱响应范围窄且光生电子空穴对极易复合,从而限制了催化剂的宽光谱响应和光量子效率的提高。因此,制备兼具可见光响应和优良光催化效率的新型光催化材料,业已成为水处理工作者十分关注的研究热点之一。
g-C3N4,也即层状石墨相的C3N4,是一种不同于氧化物、硫化物及氮氧化物的非金属聚合物半导体,也是一种新型的光催化剂。基于3-s-三嗪环稳定结构的g-C3N4晶体具有独特的性能,诸如良好的热稳定性、化学稳定性和耐光化学腐蚀能力,对可见光有一定的吸收等。尽管g-C3N4作为可见光催化剂已显示出了良好的应用前景,但其形态与性能距水处理实用化还有很长的路要走。目前,g-C3N4在水处理研究中的两种主要形式,也即微/纳米粉体和负载型光催化剂均存在着难以克服的弊端:颗粒悬浮相体系反应后分离回收难,固定相技术负载不牢且光催化效率低。此外,这种材料的光生电子与空穴复合快,因而光催化活性偏低;虽能吸收太阳光谱中波长小于475nm蓝紫光,但对长波可见及近红外光的响应有限。凡此种种,使这种新型光催化剂的实际应用受到了极大制约。不难看出,制备集悬浮相和固定相技术优势与一体且有利于回收的g-C3N4光催化纤维新材料,是推进其实用化的必由之路。
光催化纤维的研制与应用,是实现g-C3N4等光催化剂使用、回收与再利用一体化的有效途径,但催化材料本身所固有的光响应缺陷却不能因此而改善。研究表明,适量贵金属Ag的引入,可以通过形成异质结的方式对g-C3N4进行物理复合改性,借助单质Ag很强的局域表面等离子共振效应,制得具有良好可见光乃至近红外光响应的复合催化剂,但这种催化剂在光照下容易发生光腐蚀。由此可见,在拓展光谱响应、增大光催化活性的同时,还必须同步提高催化剂的稳定性,如何抑制Ag的光腐蚀,无疑是彻底解决问题的关键所在。
SiO2纳米薄层是一种惰性透光的绝缘材料,在以Ag为核、SiO2为壳所构成的核-壳结构中,可以充当单质Ag的保护剂,能够有效抑制其光腐蚀却又不影响其可见、近红外的光谱响应。因此,首先形成SiO2纳米薄层包裹Ag的AgSiO2核-壳结构,再选择适宜条件最终制备AgSiO2修饰的g-C3N4纤维,这种新材料可以同时克服当前g-C3N4光催化水处理应用方面的诸多不足,是实用化新型光催化剂研制方面的一项突破。
目前,以Ag为核、SiO2为壳共同修饰g-C3N4、制备g-C3N4连续纤维的研究文献尚未见报。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有g-C3N4光催化材料制备技术中存在的不足,提供一种AgSiO2核壳结构修饰改性g-C3N4光催化纤维制备方法,该方法旨在改变传统微/纳米级及负载型g-C3N4的光催化水处理应用形式,制备出催化效果好且易于回收再利用的g-C3N4纤维。其中,采用阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺(APAM)水溶液作为层剥离液,通过超声法获得g-C3N4纳米薄层结构是成功制备的关键工序。
本发明的AgSiO2核壳结构修饰改性g-C3N4光催化纤维制备方法,是将原料按相应质量比混合,再采用减压蒸馏浓缩混合液,首先获得均匀稳定的溶胶纺丝液,采用旋转甩丝装置并通过干法工艺纺丝(参见中国专利公开号CN2873805Y),最后经热处理获得纤维产物;包括以下步骤:
(1)按质量比0.3∶0.25∶0.25~1.75的比例,称取g-C3N4、AgNO3和PVP(聚乙烯吡咯烷酮K30);
(2)将步骤(1)称取的g-C3N4超声分散在浓度为0.4~1g/L的APAM(阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺,分子量500万)水溶液中,调节分散液pH值至1~3,分散均匀并超声处理,通过离心分离和去离子水洗涤,再分散到浓度1.7~2g/L的PVP水溶液中,得到g-C3N4纳米片分散液;
(3)将步骤(1)中称取的PVP溶入乙二醇中,再加入步骤(1)中称取的AgNO3,油浴下搅拌,设置油浴温度在20~30分钟内达到130℃,保温1小时,待冷却到室温后加入过量丙酮沉淀析出单质Ag,离心分离获得Ag纳米颗粒,备用;
(4)将Ag纳米颗粒分散到无水乙醇中,超声分散均匀,向其中加入去离子水、氨水和含正硅酸乙酯10%体积的乙醇溶液,去离子水、氨水和正硅酸乙酯乙醇溶液的体积比为20∶1.2∶0.1~0.3,密封搅拌5~7小时,离心分离,得到SiO2纳米包裹的Ag纳米颗粒;
(5)将SiO2纳米薄层包裹的Ag纳米颗粒和浓度4~7.2g/L的APAM水溶液滴加到步骤(2)制备的g-C3N4纳米片的分散液中,搅拌均匀,浓缩得到纺丝液;其中纺丝液的粘度为5Pa·S~8Pa·S;
(6)纺丝液经干法纺丝,同时辅以气流线速度10m/秒且出口温度80℃的热风喷吹,得到浅黄色前驱体纤维,以4~7℃/分钟的升温速率由室温升到500℃~600℃,并保持2~3.5小时,自然冷却至室温,获得银灰色光催化纤维。
本发明具有以下特点:
(1)与常规纳米粉体材料相比,本发明制备出的纤维材料更容易回收利用。
(2)与无水乙醇、浓硫酸等常规剥离液相比,以荷负电的APAM水溶液为剥离液,可与电性相同的g-C3N4纳米片形成静电斥力,辅以超声处理,可大大提高g-C3N4的层剥离效率。
(3)原位生成纳米SiO2薄层并作Ag纳米颗粒保护剂,可望在有效规避Ag纳米颗粒光致腐蚀的同时,最大限度地发挥其局域表面等离子共振作用。
(4)该方法制备过程简单,反应条件温和,反应中所需的化学试剂廉价易得,且原料利用率高。
附图说明
图1为本发明制备的AgSiO2核壳结构修饰的g-C3N4光催化纤维的图片。
具体实施方式
实施例1
该实施例是依据0.3g的g-C3N4,质量比为1∶7的AgNO3和PVP的混合液进行配制的,即称取0.3g的g-C3N4、0.25gAgNO3和1.75gPVP。其具体步骤如下:
(1)将0.3g的g-C3N4加入到80ml浓度0.4~1g/L的APAM水溶液中,用稀盐酸将分散液pH值调至1~3,超声30分钟分散均匀。将均匀混合液超声处理4小时,通过离心分离,去离子水洗涤,再分散到10ml浓度1.7~2g/L的PVP水溶液中,得到浓度为24.4mg/ml的g-C3N4纳米片分散液。
(2)将1.75g的PVP溶解在100ml乙二醇中,在油浴加热并搅拌的条件下,加入0.25g的AgNO3,控温使油浴在20~30分钟内温度达到130℃并保温1小时。待冷却到室温后,加入360ml的丙酮沉淀析出Ag纳米颗粒,离心分离得到Ag纳米颗粒,备用。
(3)将得到的Ag纳米颗粒分散到80ml的无水乙醇中,超声分散10分钟后,加入20ml去离子水和1.2ml氨水。密封搅拌30分钟后,缓慢加入0.27ml含正硅酸乙酯10%(体积百分比)的乙醇溶液,继续密封搅拌5~7小时,离心分离得到SiO2包裹的Ag纳米颗粒。
(4)将SiO2包裹的Ag纳米颗粒和6.6ml浓度为4~7.2g/L的APAM水溶液加入到步骤(1)制备的g-C3N4纳米片的分散液中,搅拌1小时得到均匀混合液。将该混合液通过减压蒸馏浓缩并使其粘度达到5~8Pa·S,即获得均匀、稳定且可纺性优良的纺丝液。
(5)将上述纺丝液注入到旋转甩丝装置中,在温度25℃,相对湿度30%~40%,模具转速9000r/分钟的条件下,借助离心力将纺丝液从该装置尖端、孔径0.2mm的小孔中甩出,同时辅以气流线速度10m/秒且出口温度80℃的热风喷吹,通过网状收集装置收集后即得浅黄色AgSiO2修饰的g-C3N4前驱体纤维。
(6)采用程序升温工艺对其进行热处理,即将适量的纤维放到氧化铝坩埚中盖上盖子,以4~7℃/分钟的升温速率由室温升到500℃~600℃,并保温2~3.5小时,自然降温,即可获得AgSiO2核壳结构修饰的银灰色g-C3N4纤维产物。
以水中难降解的活性染料X-3B为探针评估纤维产物的光催化活性。实验操作如下:首先将载有0.1g纤维的圆形镍网,置于直径100mm、高50mm的结晶皿距底部10mm的烧结玻璃突刺上,构成实验使用的固定床型光催化反应器;注入100mL浓度为30mg/L的X-3B模拟废水反应液,有效水深为27mm。通过蠕动泵实现反应器内模拟废水的循环流动并控制流量为40ml/min。避光条件下先运行30分钟;纤维对X-3B的吸附和脱附达到动态平衡后开启反应器正上方、距反应液面0.3m的1000W氙灯,作为太阳光模拟光源照射120分钟,定时取样分析。以X-3B最大吸收波长536nm处的浓度(C)与吸光度(A)所建立的C-A标准曲线,测定反应前后的浓度并计算降解率。
实施例2
该实施例是依据0.3g的g-C3N4,质量比为1∶6的AgNO3和PVP的混合液进行配制的,其具体步骤与实施例1所不同的是:
将AgNO3∶PVP按1∶6质量比进行混合。也即,将1.50g的PVP溶解在100ml乙二醇中,在油浴加热并搅拌下的条件下,加入0.25g的AgNO3使其溶解,控温使油浴在20~30分钟内温度达到130℃,保温1小时。待冷却到室温后,加入360ml的丙酮沉淀析出Ag纳米颗粒,离心分离得到Ag纳米颗粒。
按实施例1中所述分析方法,测定并计算本实施例得到的光催化纤维对水中X-3B的降解率。
实施例3
该实施例是依据0.3g的g-C3N4,质量比为1∶5的AgNO3和PVP的混合液进行配制的,其具体步骤与实施例1所不同的是:
将AgNO3∶PVP按1∶5质量比进行混合。首先将1.25g的PVP溶解在100ml乙二醇中,在油浴加热并搅拌的条件下,加入0.25g的AgNO3使其溶解,控温使油浴在20~30分钟内温度达到130℃,保温1小时。待冷却到室温后,加入360ml的丙酮沉淀析出Ag纳米颗粒,离心分离得到Ag纳米颗粒。
按实施例1中所述分析方法,测定并计算本实施例得到的光催化纤维对水中X-3B的降解率。
实施例4
该实施例是依据0.3g的g-C3N4,质量比为1∶3的AgNO3和PVP的混合液进行配制的,其具体步骤与实施例1所不同的是:
将AgNO3∶PVP按1∶3质量比进行混合。首先将0.75g的PVP溶解在100ml乙二醇中,在油浴加热并搅拌的条件下,加入0.25g的AgNO3使其溶解,控温使油浴在20~30分钟内温度达到130℃,保温1小时。待冷却到室温后,加入360ml的丙酮沉淀析出Ag纳米颗粒,离心分离得到Ag纳米颗粒。
按实施例1中所述分析方法,测定并计算本实施例得到的光催化纤维对水中X-3B的降解率。
实施例5
该实施例是依据0.3g的g-C3N4,质量比为1∶1的AgNO3和PVP的混合液进行配制的,其具体步骤与实施例1所不同的是:
将AgNO3∶PVP按1∶1质量比进行混合。首先将0.25g的PVP溶解在100ml乙二醇中,在油浴加热并搅拌下的条件下,加入0.25g的AgNO3使其溶解,控温使油浴在20~30分钟内温度达到130℃,保温1小时。待冷却到室温后,加入360ml的丙酮沉淀析出Ag纳米颗粒,离心分离得到Ag纳米颗粒。
按实施例1中所述分析方法,测定并计算本实施例得到的光催化纤维对水中X-3B的降解率。
在历经120分钟的可见光照射下,以各实施例所得到的AgSiO2核壳结构修饰的g-C3N4纤维为光催化剂,对X-3B模拟废水的光催化降解实验结果如下表所示:
注:对照样品S0为制备中既未引入硅源、也未引入银源者,也即单纯的g-C3N4纤维;对照样品S1为AgNO3与PVP质量比为1∶6,但制备中未引入硅源,也即未形成SiO2纳米薄层包覆的纳米Ag负载g-C3N4纤维;降解率(%)的计算公式D=1-C/C0×100。式中,D为降解率,C0和C分别表示光催化降解前后,水中X-3B的浓度。
从上表的实验结果不难看出,按照本发明所述制备方法制得的AgSiO2核壳结构修饰g-C3N4纤维具有优良的可见光光催化活性,其中又以实施例2所述样品的光催化活性为最佳,图1给出了实施例2制备的光催化纤维样品。
Claims (1)
1.一种AgSiO2核壳结构修饰改性g-C3N4光催化纤维制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)按质量比0.3∶0.25∶0.25~1.75的比例,称取g-C3N4、AgNO3和PVP;
(2)将步骤(1)称取的g-C3N4超声分散在浓度为0.4~1g/L的APAM水溶液中,调节分散液pH值至1~3,分散均匀并超声处理,通过离心分离和去离子水洗涤,再分散到浓度1.7~2g/L的PVP水溶液中,得到g-C3N4纳米片分散液;
(3)将步骤(1)中称取的PVP溶入乙二醇中,再加入步骤(1)中称取的AgNO3,油浴下搅拌,设置油浴温度在20~30分钟内达到130℃,保温1小时,待冷却到室温后加入过量丙酮沉淀析出单质Ag,离心分离获得Ag纳米颗粒,备用;
(4)将Ag纳米颗粒分散到无水乙醇中,超声分散均匀,向其中加入去离子水、氨水和含正硅酸乙酯10%体积的乙醇溶液,去离子水、氨水和正硅酸乙酯乙醇溶液的体积比为20∶1.2∶0.1~0.3,密封搅拌5~7小时,离心分离,得到SiO2纳米包裹的Ag纳米颗粒;
(5)将SiO2纳米薄层包裹的Ag纳米颗粒和浓度4~7.2g/L的APAM水溶液滴加到步骤(2)制备的g-C3N4纳米片的分散液中,搅拌均匀,浓缩得到纺丝液;其中纺丝液的粘度为5Pa·S~8Pa·S;
(6)纺丝液经干法纺丝,同时辅以气流线速度10m/秒且出口温度80℃的热风喷吹,得到浅黄色前驱体纤维,以4~7℃/分钟的升温速率由室温升到500℃~600℃,并保持2~3.5小时,自然冷却至室温,获得光催化纤维。
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