CN105533690A - 冬青叶山楂营养粉的加工方法 - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
- A23L2/70—Clarifying or fining of non-alcoholic beverages; Removing unwanted matter
- A23L2/84—Clarifying or fining of non-alcoholic beverages; Removing unwanted matter using microorganisms or biological material, e.g. enzymes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种冬青叶山楂营养粉的加工方法,其特征在于:所述的冬青叶山楂营养粉以冬青叶、山楂味主要原料,由原料预处理、复合酶处理、调配、均质、脱气、灭菌、真空浓缩、真空干燥、粉碎、过滤、包装等步骤加工而成。采用本发明方法加工的冬青叶山楂营养粉,通过蒸汽杀青能够去除原料中的涩味,改善成品营养粉的口感于品质,通过复合酶处理,能够充分析出冬青叶、山楂中的营养物质,提高了冬青叶、山楂的利用率及营养价值,产品为颗粒状粉,既可冲水作为饮料,又可以加适量水搅拌成营养糊,食用方式多样,具有强筋补肾、利尿镇静、软化血管、降低血压和胆固醇等功效。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种营养粉的加工方法,尤其是涉及一种冬青叶山楂营养粉的加工方法。
背景技术
冬青叶为冬青科植物冬青的叶片,味苦涩、性寒,冬青叶含两种抑菌成分,其中之一是原儿茶酸,另含挥发油、黄酮类。治烫伤,溃疡久不愈合,闭塞性脉管炎,急、慢性支气管炎,肺炎,尿路感染,菌痢,外伤出血,冻瘃,皲裂。《本草图经》记载:“烧灰,面膏涂之,治皲瘃殊效,兼灭瘢疵。”《江西草药》记载:“凉血止血,治外伤出血,鲜叶捣敷。”具有补肝强筋、补肾健骨、降低血压、抗肿瘤等作用。
山楂又名红果、山里果,是蔷薇科山楂属落叶乔木山楂的成熟果实,味甘、性温微酸。可食用植物,核果类水果,质硬,果肉薄,味微酸涩。《纲目》记载:“化饮食,消肉积,症瘕,痰饮痞满吞酸,滞血痛胀。”山楂能防治心血管疾病,具有扩张血管、强心、增加冠脉血流量、改善心脏活力、兴奋中枢神经系统、降低血压和胆固醇、软化血管及利尿和镇静作用;防治动脉硬化,防衰老、抗癌的作用。
目前,冬青叶除了被加工成药品外,在其他产品中应用较少,山楂除了被作为一种水果直接食用外,还被加工成糕点、饮料、果酱、茶等产品,如申请号为201310748590.1的专利公开了一种山药山楂分散片及制备方法,该山药山楂分散片由将原料粉碎、混合、配制等步骤制备而成,在此制备方法中存在着山楂营养物质不能充分析出的不足,导致山楂的利用效率不高。
发明内容
本发明针对现有冬青叶的产品种类较少,山楂在加工过程中存在的营养物质不能充分析出、山楂利用效率不高的问题,提供一种具有营养健康、味道可口等优点的冬青叶山楂营养粉的加工方法,丰富了冬青叶的产品种类,提高了山楂的利用效率。
本发明解决其技术问题所采取的技术方案是:
一种冬青叶山楂营养粉的加工方法,其特征在于:包括原料预处理→复合酶处理→调配→均质→脱气、灭菌→真空浓缩→真空干燥→粉碎、过滤→包装;
具体步骤为:
a.冬青叶处理:选取无病虫害的冬青嫩叶、栝楼嫩叶、枇杷嫩芽、雏菊叶,用清水清洗后进行蒸汽杀青,杀青温度为133℃,杀青时间为20s,杀青后立即摊凉散热,向杀青后的10kg冬青嫩叶、1.5kg栝楼嫩叶、0.5kg香椿嫩芽、1kg枇杷嫩芽、0.5kg雏菊叶混合物中加入10kg浓度为2.5%的抗坏血酸钠溶液,混合均匀后打浆,制得冬青浆液;
b.山楂预处理:挑选成熟、无病虫害的山楂,清洗、去核后切成山楂片,向10kg山楂片中加入6kg冬青浆液、1kg牛甘果汁、1kg雪莲果汁、1kg的杜梨汁,混合均匀后进行打浆,制成原料浆液;
c.复合酶处理:向10kg原料浆液中加入0.07kg的果胶酶、0.05kg的纤维素酶、0.03kg的蛋白酶,混合均匀,温度控制为44℃,时间为5h;
d.调配:向酶处理后的10kg原料浆液中加入3kg果葡糖浆、2kg的草莓汁、2kg的无花果汁、1kg的海枣汁、0.7kg的柠檬酸、0.08kg的黄原胶混合均匀,制得混合液;
e.均质:将调配好的混合液在62℃、38MPa的压力下均质,均质3次;
f.脱气、灭菌:将均质后的混合浆液采用真空脱气机脱气,真空度在102千帕进行脱气15min,脱气结束后在128℃条件下进行高温瞬时灭菌,时间9s;
g.真空浓缩:将灭菌后的混合浆液在0.13MPa,温度54℃条件下进行真空浓缩,制得水分含量为32%的混合浓缩物;
h.真空干燥:设定干燥曲线,干燥时间为20h,将混合浓缩物加热至85℃并保持30min,然后快速冷却至58℃,保持30min后,快速冷却至75℃,保持30min后,再将物料自然冷却至52℃、抽真空至90Pa干燥,得到冬青叶山楂干品;
i.粉碎、过滤:将冬青叶山楂干品在相对湿度为40%、温度为24℃的封闭车间内,用破碎机将冻干半成品打成均匀的颗粒物,并将颗粒物经过110目的筛网过滤,制得冬青叶山楂营养粉;
j.包装:将冬青叶山楂营养粉采用食品级包装材料进行包装,检验合格后,入通风干燥环境中保存。
有益效果:采用本方法加工的冬青叶山楂营养粉,通过蒸汽杀青能够去除原料中的涩味,改善成品营养粉的口感于品质,通过复合酶处理,能够充分析出冬青叶、山楂中的营养物质,提高了冬青叶、山楂的利用率及营养价值,产品为颗粒状粉,既可冲水作为饮料,又可以加适量水搅拌成营养糊,食用方式多样,具有强筋补肾、利尿镇静、软化血管、降低血压和胆固醇等功效。
具体实施方式
实施例一:
一种冬青叶山楂营养粉的加工方法,其特征在于,采用以下步骤:
a.冬青叶处理:选取无病虫害的冬青嫩叶、冬青果,用清水清洗后进行蒸汽杀青,杀青温度为124℃,杀青时间为30s,杀青后立即摊凉散热,向杀青后的10kg冬青嫩叶、2kg冬青果中加入7kg浓度为5%的维生素C溶液,混合均匀后打浆,制得冬青浆液;
b.山楂预处理:挑选成熟、无病虫害的山楂,清洗、去核后切成山楂片,将山楂片将放入质量分数为0.1%的枸橼酸、0.06%的碳酸钙混合溶液中,浸泡20min后进行护色处理,将护色处理后的山楂片取出、清洗,向10kg清洗后的山楂片中加入5kg冬青浆液,混合均匀后进行打浆,制成原料浆液;
c.酶处理:向10kg原料浆液中加入0.05kg的果胶酶、0.07kg的纤维素酶,混合均匀,温度控制为42℃,时间为5h;
d.调配:向酶处理后的10kg原料浆液中加入2.3kg的果葡糖浆、2kg的玉竹汁、1kg的刺梨汁、0.5kg的柠檬酸、0.08kg的魔芋胶混合均匀,制得混合液;
e.均质:将调配好的混合液在65℃、34MPa的压力下均质,均质3次;
f.脱气、灭菌:将均质后的混合浆液采用真空脱气机脱气,真空度在108千帕进行脱气12min,脱气结束后在126℃条件下进行高温瞬时灭菌,时间10s;
g.真空浓缩:将灭菌后的混合浆液在0.1MPa,温度58℃条件下进行真空浓缩,制得水分含量为38%的混合浓缩物;
h.真空干燥:设定干燥曲线,干燥时间为18h,将混合浓缩物加热至88℃并保持30min,然后快速冷却至60℃,保持30min后,快速冷却至76℃,保持30min后,再将物料自然冷却至54℃、抽真空至85Pa干燥,得到冬青叶山楂干品;
i.粉碎、过滤:将冬青叶山楂干品在相对湿度为47%、温度为22℃的封闭车间内,用破碎机将冻干半成品打成均匀的颗粒物,并将颗粒物经过130目的筛网过滤,制得冬青叶山楂营养粉;
j.包装:将冬青叶山楂营养粉采用食品级包装材料进行包装,检验合格后,入通风干燥环境中保存。
实施例二:
一种冬青叶山楂营养粉的加工方法,其特征在于,采用以下步骤:
a.冬青叶处理:选取无病虫害的冬青嫩叶、苦荞嫩叶,用清水清洗后进行蒸汽杀青,杀青温度为126℃,杀青时间为25s,杀青后立即摊凉散热,向杀青后的10kg冬青嫩叶、3kg苦荞嫩叶混合物中加入8kg浓度为6%的维生素C溶液,混合均匀后打浆,制得冬青浆液;
b.山楂预处理:挑选成熟、无病虫害的山楂,清洗、去核后切成山楂片,将山楂片将放入质量分数为0.4%的枸橼酸溶液中,浸泡25min后进行护色处理,将护色处理后的山楂片取出、清洗,向10kg清洗后的山楂片中加入4kg冬青浆液、1kg蛇莓汁、1kg余甘子汁,混合均匀后进行打浆,制成原料浆液;
c.酶处理:向10kg的原料浆液中加入0.06kg的果胶酶、0.05kg的纤维素酶,混合均匀,温度控制为48℃,时间为3h;
d.调配:向10kg的酶处理后的原料浆液中加入2kg木糖醇、1kg的番杏汁、1kg菠萝汁、1kg的嘉宝果汁、1kg的刺梨汁、0.8kg的地耳汁、0.08kg的苹果酸、0.02kg的明胶、0.01kg卡拉胶混合均匀,制得混合液;
e.均质:将调配好的混合液在74℃、46MPa的压力下均质,均质2次;
f.真空干燥:设定干燥曲线,干燥时间为8h,将物料加热至95℃并保持30min,然后快速冷却至82℃,保持30min后,快速冷却至75℃,保持30min后,再将物料自然冷却至65℃、抽真空至98Pa干燥,得到冬青叶山楂干品;
g.粉碎:将冬青叶、山楂干品在相对湿度为52%、温度为27℃的封闭车间内,用破碎机将冻干半成品打成均匀的颗粒状;
h.过滤:将粉碎好的冬青叶山楂干品经过100目的筛网过滤,制得冬青叶山楂营养粉;
i.包装:将冬青叶山楂营养粉包装检验后,入通风干燥环境中保存。
实施例三:
一种冬青叶山楂营养粉的加工方法,其特征在于,采用以下步骤:
a.冬青叶处理:选取无病虫害的冬青嫩叶,用清水清洗后进行蒸汽杀青,杀青温度为124℃,杀青时间为30s,杀青后立即摊凉散热,向杀青后的10kg冬青嫩叶中加入7kg浓度为5%的维生素C溶液,混合均匀后打浆,制得冬青浆液;
b.山楂预处理:挑选成熟、无病虫害的山楂,清洗、去核后切成山楂片,将山楂片将放入质量分数为0.1%的枸橼酸、0.06%的碳酸钙混合溶液中,浸泡20min后进行护色处理,将护色处理后的山楂片取出、清洗,向10kg清洗后的山楂片中加入5kg冬青浆液,混合均匀后进行打浆,制成原料浆液;
c.酶处理:向10kg原料浆液中加入0.05kg的果胶酶、0.07kg的纤维素酶,混合均匀,温度控制为42℃,时间为5h;
d.调配:向酶处理后的10kg原料浆液中加入2.3kg的果葡糖浆、2kg的玉竹汁、1kg的刺梨汁、0.5kg的柠檬酸、0.08kg的魔芋胶混合均匀,制得混合液;
e.均质:将调配好的混合液在65℃、34MPa的压力下均质,均质3次;
f.脱气、灭菌:将均质后的混合浆液采用真空脱气机脱气,真空度在108千帕进行脱气12min,脱气结束后在126℃条件下进行高温瞬时灭菌,时间10s;
g.真空浓缩:将灭菌后的混合浆液在0.1MPa,温度58℃条件下进行真空浓缩,制得水分含量为38%的混合浓缩物;
h.真空干燥:设定干燥曲线,干燥时间为18h,将混合浓缩物加热至88℃并保持30min,然后快速冷却至60℃,保持30min后,快速冷却至76℃,保持30min后,再将物料自然冷却至54℃、抽真空至85Pa干燥,得到冬青叶山楂干品;
i.粉碎、过滤:将冬青叶山楂干品在相对湿度为47%、温度为22℃的封闭车间内,用破碎机将冻干半成品打成均匀的颗粒物,并将颗粒物经过130目的筛网过滤,制得冬青叶山楂营养粉;
j.包装:将冬青叶山楂营养粉采用食品级包装材料进行包装,检验合格后,入通风干燥环境中保存。
实施例四:
一种冬青叶山楂营养粉的加工方法,其特征在于,采用以下步骤:
a.原料预处理:挑选成熟、无病虫害的冬青叶、山楂、罗汉果、芍药花、牡丹花,取10kg冬青叶、4kg山楂、3kg罗汉果、1kg芍药花、1kg牡丹花去核、切碎混合均匀后制得混合原料,将混合原料进行蒸汽杀青,蒸汽温度126℃,杀青时间8s,将杀青后的混合果粒后放入质量分数为0.5%的枸橼酸抗坏血酸钠溶液中,浸泡50min后进行打浆,制成原料浆液;
b.酶处理:向10kg原料浆液中加入0.06kg的果胶酶、0.07kg的纤维素酶,混合均匀,温度控制为48℃,时间为3.5h;
c.调配:向酶处理后的10kg原料浆液中加入2kg果葡糖浆、1kg莲雾汁、1kg榅桲汁、1kg黑枸杞汁、1kg灯笼果汁、0.5kg的苹果酸、0.08kg的黄原胶、0.003kg无水磷酸氢二钠混合均匀,制得混合液;
d.均质:将调配好的混合液在78℃、40MPa的压力下均质,均质3次;
e.脱气、灭菌:将均质后的混合浆液采用真空脱气机脱气,真空度在115千帕进行脱气10min,脱气结束后在131℃条件下进行高温瞬时灭菌,时间5s;
f.真空浓缩:将灭菌后的混合浆液在0.12MPa,温度63℃条件下进行真空浓缩,制得水分含量为42%的混合浓缩物;
g.真空干燥:设定干燥曲线,干燥时间为19h,将混合浓缩物加热至90℃并保持30min,然后快速冷却至68℃,保持30min后,快速冷却至75℃,保持30min后,再将物料自然冷却至50℃、抽真空至80Pa干燥,得到冬青叶山楂干品;
h.粉碎、过滤:将冬青叶山楂干品在相对湿度为22%、温度为27℃的封闭车间内,用破碎机将冻干半成品打成均匀的颗粒物,并将颗粒物经过130目的筛网过滤,制得冬青叶山楂营养粉;
i.包装:将冬青叶山楂营养粉采用食品级包装材料进行包装,检验合格后,入通风干燥环境中保存。
实施例五:
一种冬青叶山楂营养粉的加工方法,其特征在于,采用以下步骤:
a.冬青叶处理:选取无病虫害的冬青嫩叶、构树嫩叶、桑树嫩叶、山葡萄叶、金银花,用清水清洗后进行蒸汽杀青,杀青温度为125℃,杀青时间为40s,杀青后立即摊凉散热,向杀青后的10kg冬青嫩叶、0.5kg构树嫩叶、1kg桑树嫩叶、1kg山葡萄叶、0.3kg金银花混合物中加入12kg浓度为70%的苹果酸溶液,混合均匀后打浆,制得冬青浆液;
b.山楂预处理:挑选成熟、无病虫害的山楂,清洗、去核后切成山楂片,向10kg山楂片中加入4kg冬青浆液、0.5kg醋栗汁、1kg刺泡汁、0.4kg拐枣汁、0.2kg的鸡爪梨汁,混合均匀后进行打浆,制成原料浆液;
c.酶处理:向10kg原料浆液中加入0.1kg的果胶酶、0.3kg的纤维素酶、0.05kg的淀粉酶,混合均匀,温度控制为48℃,时间为2.5h;
d.调配:向酶处理后的10kg原料浆液中加入2.2kg果葡糖浆、1kg栝楼汁、1kg沙枣汁、1kg癞葡萄汁、1kg的羊奶果汁、0.1kg的苹果酸、0.01kg的魔芋胶、0.01kg的卡拉胶、0.004kg无水磷酸氢二钠混合均匀,制得混合液;
e.均质:将调配好的混合液在72℃、45MPa的压力下均质,均质4次;
f.脱气、灭菌:将均质后的混合浆液采用真空脱气机脱气,真空度在116千帕进行脱气8min,脱气结束后在125℃条件下进行高温瞬时灭菌,时间18s;
g.真空浓缩:将灭菌后的混合浆液在0.15MPa,温度68℃条件下进行真空浓缩,制得水分含量为58%的混合浓缩物;
h.真空干燥:设定干燥曲线,干燥时间为12h,将物料加热至85℃并保持20min,然后快速冷却至75℃,保持30min后,快速冷却至65℃,保持30min后,再将物料自然冷却至50℃、抽真空至84Pa干燥,得到冬青叶山楂干品;
i.粉碎、过滤:将冬青叶山楂干品在相对湿度为35%、温度为35℃的封闭车间内,用破碎机将冻干半成品打成均匀的颗粒物,并将颗粒物经过100目的筛网过滤,制得冬青叶山楂营养粉;
j.包装:将冬青叶山楂营养粉采用食品级包装材料进行包装,检验合格后,入通风干燥环境中保存。
本发明未涉及部分均与现有技术相同或可采用现有技术加以实现。
Claims (1)
1.一种冬青叶山楂营养粉的加工方法,其特征在于:包括原料预处理→复合酶处理→调配→均质→脱气、灭菌→真空浓缩→真空干燥→粉碎、过滤→包装;
具体步骤为:
a.冬青叶处理:选取无病虫害的冬青嫩叶、栝楼嫩叶、枇杷嫩芽、雏菊叶,用清水清洗后进行蒸汽杀青,杀青温度为133℃,杀青时间为20s,杀青后立即摊凉散热,向杀青后的10kg冬青嫩叶、1.5kg栝楼嫩叶、0.5kg香椿嫩芽、1kg枇杷嫩芽、0.5kg雏菊叶混合物中加入10kg浓度为2.5%的抗坏血酸钠溶液,混合均匀后打浆,制得冬青浆液;
b.山楂预处理:挑选成熟、无病虫害的山楂,清洗、去核后切成山楂片,向10kg山楂片中加入6kg冬青浆液、1kg牛甘果汁、1kg雪莲果汁、1kg的杜梨汁,混合均匀后进行打浆,制成原料浆液;
c.复合酶处理:向10kg原料浆液中加入0.07kg的果胶酶、0.05kg的纤维素酶、0.03kg的蛋白酶,混合均匀,温度控制为44℃,时间为5h;
d.调配:向酶处理后的10kg原料浆液中加入3kg果葡糖浆、2kg的草莓汁、2kg的无花果汁、1kg的海枣汁、0.7kg的柠檬酸、0.08kg的黄原胶混合均匀,制得混合液;
e.均质:将调配好的混合液在62℃、38MPa的压力下均质,均质3次;
f.脱气、灭菌:将均质后的混合浆液采用真空脱气机脱气,真空度在102千帕进行脱气15min,脱气结束后在128℃条件下进行高温瞬时灭菌,时间9s;
g.真空浓缩:将灭菌后的混合浆液在0.13MPa,温度54℃条件下进行真空浓缩,制得水分含量为32%的混合浓缩物;
h.真空干燥:设定干燥曲线,干燥时间为20h,将混合浓缩物加热至85℃并保持30min,然后快速冷却至58℃,保持30min后,快速冷却至75℃,保持30min后,再将物料自然冷却至52℃、抽真空至90Pa干燥,得到冬青叶山楂干品;
i.粉碎、过滤:将冬青叶山楂干品在相对湿度为40%、温度为24℃的封闭车间内,用破碎机将冻干半成品打成均匀的颗粒物,并将颗粒物经过110目的筛网过滤,制得冬青叶山楂营养粉;
j.包装:将冬青叶山楂营养粉采用食品级包装材料进行包装,检验合格后,入通风干燥环境中保存。
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