CN105493884B - A kind of cultural method of ganoderma lucidum - Google Patents
A kind of cultural method of ganoderma lucidum Download PDFInfo
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- CN105493884B CN105493884B CN201510667738.8A CN201510667738A CN105493884B CN 105493884 B CN105493884 B CN 105493884B CN 201510667738 A CN201510667738 A CN 201510667738A CN 105493884 B CN105493884 B CN 105493884B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/60—Cultivation rooms; Equipment therefor
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of place flexibly to select, cement pit is built with practicality and can realize the cultural method of bacteria stick and the completely isolated ganoderma lucidum of soil, selection step, the construction step of greenhouse, the construction of cement pit and cement pit plantation ganoderma lucidum step including place, realize the flexibility of place election, the practicality that the permanent and cement pit that greenhouse is built is built；The cultivation of standardization can be achieved using the present invention, on the one hand by planted in cement pit ganoderma lucidum bacteria stick realize with soil it is completely isolated, so that bacteria stick realizes completely isolated with soil, influence of the pollution sources to bacteria stick in soil, such as heavy metal-polluted soil, pesticide residue are effectively controlled；On the other hand pollution of the bacteria stick to soil has been prevented, has avoided cultivation next time from changing planting site, effectively using land resource, save man power and material；Using this method produce ganoderma lucidum pollution rate is small, yield is high, fructification neat appearance is easy to collect conidia powder, and cost is low without deformity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to edible and medical fungi technical field of cultivation, specifically a kind of high yield and high quality, cultivation condition are controllable
Ganoderma lucidum cultivation method.
Background technology
Ganoderma lucidum (scientific name：Ganoderma Lucidum Karst), profile is in umbrella, cap kidney shape, semicircle or nearly circle
Shape, it is the fructification of On Polyporaceae ganoderma lucidum.Modern medicine proves：Ganoderma lucidum contains several physiological active substances, can adjust,
Strengthen body immunity, have to neurasthenia, rheumatic arthritis, coronary heart disease, hypertension, hepatitis, diabetes, tumour etc. well
Synergistic therapeutic action.Therefore, the cultivation of ganoderma lucidum also just turns into one of main farming of China's hill farmer.The high temperatures bacterium of Ganoderma
Class, it can be grown between 18~35 DEG C, thermophilic is 25~30 DEG C.Fructification can grow in the range of 18~32 DEG C, but
Former base is broken up and the optimum temperature of fruit body development is 25~28 DEG C.Less than 25 DEG C, sporophore growth is slow, cot color and luster
Difference；Higher than 35 DEG C, fructification can be dead.Ganoderma lucidum growth needs higher humidity.With the increase of day and night temperature, the long purseful of mycelia
Time lengthening.Growth period of hypha, it is desirable to which moisture content in medium is 55%~60%, relative air humidity 70%.Fructification
Puberty, relative air humidity requirement is 90%~95%.If less than 80%, fructification meeting growth quality is bad, cap side
The young tender growing point of edge will become dark gray or crineous.Ganoderma lucidum is aerobic fungi, in its whole growth and development process
It is required for ozone.It is the especially sporophore growth stage of development, more sensitive to carbon dioxide.Work as Carbon Dioxide in Air
When content is up to 1%, fruit body development is abnormal, without any tissue differentiation, forms the deformities such as deer horn shape.Ganoderma lucidum was growing
Very sensitive to light in journey, light has obvious inhibitory action to mycelial growth, and the unglazed dark condition speed of growth is most fast, when
When illumination increases to 3000 lux, the speed of growth only has the half under completely black dark condition.Sporophore growth development is indispensable
Illumination, in 1500~5000 luxs, stem, cap growth are rapid, and sturdy, lid is thick.
It is entirely at present to be carried out in the greenhouse built in outdoor in the cultivation of China mountain area ganoderma lucidum, because planting technology has more
Bacteria stick and the contaminated situation of soil, it is therefore desirable to cultivation area is changed every year, so not only labor intensive, material resources and financial resources,
Prior is due to long-term plantation, and disease pest generation is heavier, is difficult to find suitable cultivation place again for cultivation family.
Therefore, it is necessary to which developing a kind of place can flexibly select, cement pit is built with practicality and can realize bacteria stick
The cultural method of completely isolated ganoderma lucidum with soil.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of place and can flexibly selected, and cement pit, which is built, has practicality
Property and the cultural method that bacteria stick and the completely isolated ganoderma lucidum of soil can be realized.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is, including the selection step in place, greenhouse are built
Step, the construction step of cement pit and cement pit plantation ganoderma lucidum step, the selection step in the place is made to refer to：Built in vacant lot
Cement court, the cement court build three layers successively from bottom to up, and bottom is real using plain soil pressure, and intermediate layer is paved with 100~
200mm rubbles, upper strata use 100~200mm C30 concrete；The construction step of the greenhouse refers to：Canopy is built using reinforcing bar
Frame, greenhouse 20~40m of length, 3~6m of width, 2.65~2.95m of height set cement pit in canopy, on frame from the bottom to top successively
Anti-fogging Film and thermal insulation plastic film are covered, described one overall sunshade of greenhouse peripheral hardware, sunshade is 1~5 layer, apart from greenhouse surrounding
Each 1~5 meter, cover all greenhouses, the both ends of greenhouse set the relative door in two positions, the door set gradually from inside to outside for
Plastic foil door and gauze door；Willow sunshade forest belt and gutter are sequentially provided with from the inside to the outside outside sunshade；The cement pit is built
Step is made to refer to：Cement pit is built in greenhouse on the cement court；The cement pit plantation ganoderma lucidum step refers to：Institute
State first layer overlay river sand in cement pit, flatten, a part of film will be removed below ganoderma lucidum bacteria stick and uprightly cultivated, ranks away from for
10~50cm × 10~50cm, then river sand is covered with, river sand height, bacteria stick put height with cement pit height in a horizontal plane
On, need to keep ventilation 1-10 days after having planted, then cut off sack, and keep closed in canopy, led to according to the temperature in canopy
Wind is adjusted；When treating that ganoderma lucidum bacteria stick largely grows ganoderma lucidum mushroom flower bud, its surface can be watered and carry out dredging flower bud, leave behind 1
The good ganoderma lucidum mushroom flower bud of~5 growing ways；Spread mulch film and the corresponding position opening on mulch film with the growth of ganoderma lucidum mushroom flower bud；Treat spirit
Sesame mushroom flower bud keeps ventilation when growing to 1~15cm, promotes ganoderma lucidum parachute-opening；When ganoderma lucidum growth and maturity will go out conidia powder, in cement pit
Upper construction Small plastic shed frame simultaneously covers non-woven fabrics on the Small plastic shed frame；Start to harvest after ganoderma lucidum is dusted 1~50 day, during harvesting
Ganoderma lucidum mushroom is cut with shrub and hedge trimmer from the base portion of ganoderma lucidum mushroom handle, then the conidia powder on cap is cleaned down with brush, while uses dust catcher
Collect the conidia powder on mulch film.
Pass through above-mentioned technical proposal, cement court is built on the vacant lot of spaciousness, and build greenhouse and cement pit progress ganoderma lucidum
Cultivation, realize the flexibility of place election, the practicality that the permanent and cement pit that greenhouse is built is built；Using this hair
The cultivation of bright achievable standardization, effectively using land resource, saves man power and material；By planting ganoderma lucidum in cement pit
So that bacteria stick realizes completely isolated with soil, the pollution of soil is effectively controlled, has prevented heavy metal-polluted soil, pesticide residue
Influence to bacteria stick, so this greenhouse can be used forever；Ganoderma lucidum pollution rate that this method is cultivated is small, yield is high, and son is real
Body neat appearance is easy to collect conidia powder, and cost is low without deformity.Wherein sunshade forest belt uses willow or tall trees wood shape
Into the ventilative effect of sunshade can be played；The covering of Anti-fogging Film and thermal insulation plastic film can play the effect of insulation, and and can allows canopy
In receive uniform scattering light, be advantageous to the growth of ganoderma lucidum because ganoderma lucidum is high temperature modification fungi, mycelial growth temperature scope 18
~32 DEG C, optimal temperature is 22~25 DEG C；22~30 DEG C of fruit body development temperature, with 25~28 DEG C to be the most suitable, therefore
Need to divulge information in time after temperature is more than 35 DEG C, be just advantageous to the growth of ganoderma lucidum；Set two positions relative at the both ends of greenhouse
Door, the door set gradually as plastic foil door and gauze door from inside to outside；, can be to greenhouse by the relative door in two positions
Regulation is inside aerated, while the management for facilitating grower to plant ganoderma lucidum；The growth divulged information for ganoderma lucidum is extremely important, ganoderma lucidum
It is aerobic fungi, carbon dioxide is very big to fructification growth effect；When the concentration 1% of carbon dioxide, fruit body development pole
It is abnormal, therefore a direct ventilation need to be kept when ganoderma lucidum mushroom flower bud grows to 1~15cm or so, be so just advantageous to the growth of ganoderma lucidum；
By spreading mulch film and construction Small plastic shed frame and covering non-woven fabrics on the Small plastic shed frame, Reishi sporule can be effectively collected
Powder.
Further improve be, vacant lot described in the selection step in the place is available place, including soil
The area of resource poor.Such place election is more flexible, also more convenient, and is effectively utilized land resource.
Further improve is that the barren area of the soil resource is salt-soda soil or punja.Such place choosing
Selecting can be promoted in the barren area of the soil resources such as salt-soda soil, punja, further effectively utilize land resource.
Further improve is that the construction quantity of greenhouse described in the construction step of the greenhouse is 3~6, described
3~6 cement pits are built in one greenhouse.Material and manpower can be so saved, reduces cost.
Further improve is that the specification of the cement pit is：Long 18~28m, wide 1~2m, high 100~200mm, water
100~200mm of mud sump wall thickness.The cement pit of so specification is advantageous to the growth of ganoderma lucidum, and is beneficial to manual operation.
Further improve is that each cement pit leaves 1~5 discharge outlet, and does filter screen using screen of screen window,
And each cement pit need to have 1~5 water pipe to be used to observe pool inner water position height.It is such be provided with beneficial to plantation ganoderma lucidum when
Draining and be advantageous to provide moisture needed for it for ganoderma lucidum growth, filter screen its material feedstock is done using screen of screen window and is available anywhere,
Cost is low, and can filter out a large amount of particulate matters.
Further improve and be, the construction of the water pipe：The bottom of each cement pit is respectively mounted 1~5 water pipe,
1~3 valve is filled on the side of the cement pit, the water pipe drills every 10~100cm.Such be provided with is beneficial to be ganoderma lucidum
Growth provides moisture, and effectively regulating pondage size.
As the preferred scheme of the present invention, used when being harvested in the cement pit plantation ganoderma lucidum step from the base portion of ganoderma lucidum mushroom handle
Shrub and hedge trimmer cut ganoderma lucidum mushroom.
It is higher 10~45cm than cement pit as the preferred scheme of the present invention, the height of the Small plastic shed frame.
Further improve is that the sunshade combines covering using single net and nethike embrane, and the sunshade of the sunshade is close
Degree is at least 80%.Due to ganoderma lucidum in growth and development process it is very sensitive to light, its mycelia does not like illumination, in berlin black
The speed of growth is most fast under conditions of dark；The differentiation and growth of fructification are needed compared with strong scattering light, in 1500~5000 luxs,
Stem, cap growth are rapid, and sturdy, cap is thicker, therefore the sunshade net so set can play good sunshade effect
While play the effect of taking shelter from rain, be more beneficial for the cultivation of ganoderma lucidum.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：(1) using plastic foil be layered on the ground be used for completely cut off soil with
The contact of bacteria stick, but during river sand is spread, instrument can cause the destruction of plastic foil；The process of yellow sand is changed after having harvested
In, artificial will also result in the secondary breakage of plastic foil；The mode of this spreading can not possibly completely cut off connecing for soil and bacteria stick completely
Touch；And contact of the soil with bacteria stick then can be completely avoided with cement pit using cement court, can forever it use；(2) make
With cement court, influence of the rainwater weather to greenhouse can be prevented, land resource can be effectively utilized, be advantageous to the vehicles
Come in and go out, effectively save human and material resources；The cultivation of standardization can be achieved using the present invention, effectively using land resource, save people
Power and material resources；On the one hand it is completely isolated make it that bacteria stick realizes with soil, effectively controls in soil pollution sources to the shadow of bacteria stick
Ring, such as heavy metal-polluted soil, pesticide residue；On the other hand also prevent pollution of the bacteria stick to soil, avoid cultivation next time more
Planting site is changed, human and material resources is greatlyd save, is also effectively saved soil resource.Polluted using the ganoderma lucidum of this method production
Rate is small, and fructification neat appearance is easy to collect conidia powder, and cost is low without deformity.
Brief description of the drawings
It is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings with embodiments of the present invention：
Fig. 1 is the state diagram that ganoderma lucidum mushroom flower bud of the present invention is formed；
Fig. 2 is that the state diagram after flower bud is dredged in ganoderma lucidum growth course of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the state diagram after being exposed after ganoderma lucidum mushroom flower bud of the present invention grows by mulch film opening；
Fig. 4 is the state diagram for building Small plastic shed frame after ganoderma lucidum parachute-opening of the present invention on cement pit；
Fig. 5 is the state diagram that the present invention covers nonwoven collection conidia powder on Small plastic shed frame.
Embodiment
Embodiment：The cultural method of the ganoderma lucidum, including the selection step in place, the construction step of greenhouse, cement pit are built
Step and cement pit plantation ganoderma lucidum step are made, the selection step in place refers to：Cement court is built in vacant lot, vacant lot is one small
The vacant lot in mountain villa, the long 67.6m of the cement court of construction, wide 48.2m, cement court build three layers successively from bottom to up, bottom
Real using plain soil pressure, intermediate layer is paved with 100mm rubbles, and upper strata uses 150mm C30 concrete；The construction step of greenhouse refers to：
Frame is built using reinforcing bar, builds together and sets three rows, six greenhouses, greenhouse length 26.5m, width 6m, height 2.65m, sets water in canopy
Mud sump, cover Anti-fogging Film and thermal insulation plastic film, described one overall sunshade of greenhouse peripheral hardware, sunshade on frame successively from the bottom to top
Canopy is 2 layers, and the sunshade combines covering using single net and nethike embrane, and the sunshade density of the sunshade is 80%, apart from greenhouse
Each 1m of surrounding, covers all greenhouses, and the both ends of greenhouse set the relative door in two positions, the door set gradually from inside to outside for
Plastic foil door and gauze door；The outer surrounding of sunshade is sequentially provided with willow sunshade forest belt cultivation area and gutter from the inside to the outside；Cement
The construction step in pond refers to：Cement pit is built in greenhouse on cement court；3 cement pits, cement are built in one greenhouse
The specification in pond is：Long 24.75m, wide 1m, high 180mm, cement pit wall thickness 120mm；Each cement pit is at intervals of 0.5m；Each water
Mud sump stays 3 discharge outlet, and does filter screen using screen of screen window；Each cement pit need to have water level in more than one water pipe monitoring pool
Highly；The construction of water pipe：The bottom of each cement pit fills 2cm water pipe, and a valve is built on cement pool side；Water pipe is every
50cm drills；Cement pit plantation ganoderma lucidum step refers to：600 bacteria sticks are planted in each cement pit；First spread in cement pit first
Last layer river sand, leveling, will remove a part of film and uprightly cultivates below ganoderma lucidum bacteria stick, ranks away from for 20cm × 20cm, then
River sand is covered with, river sand height, bacteria stick put height should be with cement pit height on a horizontal plane；Need to keep divulging information after having planted
7~10 days, sack (needing in fine weather operation) is then cut off, cut off sack needs to keep closed in canopy later, works as temperature
Needed after more than 33 DEG C in time to being aerated in canopy；Treat that ganoderma lucidum is most of when all budding (as shown in Figure 1), can be to its table
Face is watered and dredges flower bud at any time, leaves behind the preferable ganoderma lucidum mushroom flower bud (as shown in Figure 2) of 1~2 growing way；Then mulch film is spread, and
With the corresponding position opening of ganoderma lucidum mushroom flower bud growth on mulch film, ganoderma lucidum mushroom flower bud is set to go out to grow flower bud (such as Fig. 3 institutes in mulch film opening
Show)；Need to keep long-term ventilation after ganoderma lucidum mushroom flower bud grows to more than 10cm, allow ganoderma lucidum parachute-opening；Treat that ganoderma lucidum maturation soon goes out conidia powder
When, Small plastic shed frame (as shown in Figure 4) is built, the height of Small plastic shed frame is higher by cement pit 32cm and covers nonwoven on Small plastic shed frame
Cloth, concentrate conidia powder and be scattered on the mulch film in Small plastic shed, be easy to collect (as shown in Figure 5)；Opened after ganoderma lucidum is dusted 35 days
Begin harvesting, cut ganoderma lucidum mushroom with shrub and hedge trimmer from the base portion of ganoderma lucidum mushroom handle during harvesting；The conidia powder on cap is cleaned down with brush again,
Simultaneously the conidia powder on mulch film is collected with dust catcher.
The ganoderma lucidum cultivated using this method has the characteristics of stable yields and high yield, has reached 400 kgs/acre of ganoderma lucidums.
General principle, the main features and advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above.The technical staff of the industry should
Understand, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, the original for simply illustrating the present invention described in above-described embodiment and specification
Reason, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and modifications of the present invention are possible, these changes and improvements
It all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention is by appended claims and its equivalent circle
It is fixed.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of cultural method of ganoderma lucidum, including the selection step in place, the construction step of greenhouse, the construction step of cement pit and
Cement pit plants ganoderma lucidum step, it is characterised in that the selection step in the place refers to：Cement court is built in vacant lot, it is described
Cement court builds three layers successively from bottom to up, and bottom is real using plain soil pressure, and intermediate layer is paved with 100~200mm rubbles, and upper strata is adopted
With 100~200mm C30 concrete；The construction step of the greenhouse refers to：Frame is built using reinforcing bar, greenhouse length 20~
40m, 3~6m of width, 2.65~2.95m of height, cement pit is set in canopy, Anti-fogging Film and insulation are covered successively from the bottom to top on frame
Plastic foil, described one overall sunshade of greenhouse peripheral hardware, sunshade are 1~5 layer, each 1~5 meter apart from greenhouse surrounding, cover institute
There is greenhouse, the both ends of greenhouse set the relative door in two positions, and the door sets gradually as plastic foil door and gauze from inside to outside
Door；Sunshade forest belt and gutter are sequentially provided with from the inside to the outside outside sunshade；The construction step of the cement pit refers to：In the water
Cement pit is built in greenhouse on mud place；The cement pit plantation ganoderma lucidum step refers to：One is first spread in the cement pit
Layer river sand, leveling, a part of film will be removed below ganoderma lucidum bacteria stick and uprightly cultivated, ranks away from for 10~50cm × 10~
50cm, then river sand is covered with, river sand height, bacteria stick are put highly with cement pit height on a horizontal plane, need to protect after having planted
Hold ventilation 1~10 day, then cut off sack, and keep closed in canopy, regulation is aerated according to the temperature in canopy；Treat Ganoderma Lucidum
When rod largely grows ganoderma lucidum mushroom flower bud, its surface is watered and carries out dredging flower bud, leaves behind the good ganoderma lucidum mushroom of 1~5 growing way
Flower bud；Spread mulch film and the corresponding position opening on mulch film with the growth of ganoderma lucidum mushroom flower bud；When ganoderma lucidum mushroom flower bud grows to 1~15cm
Ventilation is kept, promotes ganoderma lucidum parachute-opening；When ganoderma lucidum growth and maturity will go out conidia powder, Small plastic shed frame is built on cement pit and in institute
State and cover non-woven fabrics on Small plastic shed frame；Start to harvest after ganoderma lucidum is dusted 1~50 day, from the base portion of ganoderma lucidum mushroom handle with repairing during harvesting
Secateurs cuts ganoderma lucidum mushroom, then the conidia powder on cap is cleaned down with brush, while collects the conidia powder on mulch film with dust catcher.
2. the cultural method of ganoderma lucidum according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described in the selection step in the place
Vacant lot is available place, including the area that soil resource is barren.
3. the cultural method of ganoderma lucidum according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the barren area of the soil resource is salt
Alkali or punja.
4. the cultural method of the ganoderma lucidum according to any one of claims 1 to 3, it is characterised in that the construction step of the greenhouse
The construction quantity of the greenhouse in rapid is 3~6, and 3~6 cement pits are built in a greenhouse.
5. the cultural method of ganoderma lucidum according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the specification of the cement pit is：Long by 20~
40m, wide 1~2m, high 100~200mm, 100~200mm of cement pit wall thickness.
6. the cultural method of ganoderma lucidum according to claim 5, it is characterised in that leave 1 in each cement pit bottom
~5 discharge outlet, and filter screen is done using screen of screen window, and each cement pit need to have 1~5 water pipe to be used to observe pool inner water position
Highly.
7. the cultural method of ganoderma lucidum according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the setting of the water pipe：Each water
The bottom of mud sump is respectively mounted 1~5 water pipe, 1~3 valve is filled on the side of the cement pit, the water pipe is every 10~100cm
Drilling.
8. the cultural method of ganoderma lucidum according to claim 7, it is characterised in that adopted in the cement pit plantation ganoderma lucidum step
Time receiving cuts ganoderma lucidum mushroom from the base portion of ganoderma lucidum mushroom handle with shrub and hedge trimmer.
9. the cultural method of ganoderma lucidum according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the height of the Small plastic shed frame compares cement pit
High 10~45cm.
10. the cultural method of ganoderma lucidum according to claim 9, it is characterised in that the sunshade uses single net and nethike embrane
With reference to covering, the sunshade density of the sunshade is at least 80%.
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| CN110122178A (en) * | 2019-06-18 | 2019-08-16 | 江苏道诚生物科技有限公司 | A kind of method of salt-soda soil cultivating and growing ganoderma lucidum |
| CN110663416A (en) * | 2019-11-24 | 2020-01-10 | 雷明龙 | Planting pool |
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| CN112586270A (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2021-04-02 | 安徽省康美来大别山生物科技有限公司 | Lucid ganoderma double-film bag-clamping cultivation method |
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| CN102138435A (en) * | 2010-12-29 | 2011-08-03 | 广东侨微生物科技有限公司 | Ecological cultivation method for ganoderma |
| CN102283051A (en) * | 2011-07-21 | 2011-12-21 | 天津市金三农农业科技开发有限公司 | Edible mushroom planting greenhouse in Gobi desert |
| CN103125273A (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2013-06-05 | 安徽省康美来大别山生物科技有限公司 | Ganoderma lucidum cultivation method |
| CN103609330A (en) * | 2013-11-11 | 2014-03-05 | 金华寿仙谷药业有限公司 | Big-field-facility ganoderma lucidum cultivation and ganoderma lucidum spore powder acquisition method |
| CN104041330A (en) * | 2014-07-09 | 2014-09-17 | 通化吉通实业有限公司 | Ganoderma tsugae imitating wild short-cut wood cultivation method |
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