CN105453953B - A kind of crop in cruciferae cultivation mulch mini greenhouse and its application - Google Patents
A kind of crop in cruciferae cultivation mulch mini greenhouse and its application Download PDFInfo
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- CN105453953B CN105453953B CN201610005209.6A CN201610005209A CN105453953B CN 105453953 B CN105453953 B CN 105453953B CN 201610005209 A CN201610005209 A CN 201610005209A CN 105453953 B CN105453953 B CN 105453953B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of crop in cruciferae cultivation mulch mini greenhouse and its applications.A kind of crop in cruciferae cultivation mulch mini greenhouse, including ditch is provided in furrow, bottom of trench is provided with sowing cave, sows and covers earthing on cave, ditch upper edge laying plastic, and the space that the side wall of mulch, earthing and ditch surrounds constitutes mulch mini greenhouse.Crop in cruciferae disclosed by the invention cultivates mulch mini greenhouse, is conducive to seed germinating growth under early spring severe cold drought condition, and can prevent seedling and be burnt and be scalded ", it can be used for spring sowing baby cabbage evening bolting business breeding practice.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of crop in cruciferae cultivation mulch mini greenhouse and its applications, belong to plant breeding teclmiques neck
Domain.
Background technology
Baby cabbage (Baby Chinese cabbage), also known as miniature Chinese cabbage belong to Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa
L.ssp.pekinensis a type), shape is consistent with common Chinese cabbage, but size just corresponds to the four of common Chinese cabbage
1/1 mono- to five, " the emulation miniature version " of similar common Chinese cabbage.Baby cabbage also known as Chinese cabbage originate from China,
Variety type is extremely abundant, is the special vegetable (Ke Guilan, 2010) of China.Currently, the great Bai of South Korea, Japan and other countries plantation
Dish is passed to by China earliest.For a long time, Chinese cabbage is always the backbone vegetables of China and East Asian countries, critical role
It is that other vegetables are difficult to compare with production area.
For a long time, due to being limited by kind and cultivation technique, Chinese cabbage is mainly as autumn vegetable cultivation.In recent years
Come, with the development that vegetable at protected field is cultivated, the situation that Chinese cabbage is also supplied from autumn production, half a year has gradually turned to more than a year
Stubble cultivation, year-round supply new frame.With the improvement of living standards, consumer proposes the appearance and flavor quality of baby cabbage
Requirements at the higher level.Due to the variation of family structure, demand of the market to big plant type Chinese cabbage is constantly reduced, and to spring sowing, summer sowing
It is increasingly urgent to the demand of the small-sized baby cabbage of autumn sowing.The demand of consumer and market to spring sowing baby cabbage is increasingly urgent to.At present
The sale for baby cabbage of sowing in spring in major, the medium and small wholesale vegetable market in the whole nation and supermarket.Spring baby cabbage available on the market
Kind is essentially from the imports kind such as South Korea, Japan, although these kind Late boltings are very strong, because of its heat resistance and viral diseases
Ability is poor.The existing spring sowing baby cabbage kind in China, although antiviral property is strong, Late bolting is poor, and shortening stem easily extends, leaf
The commodity of ball is poor.Therefore, selection and breeding are suitable for the extremely strong baby cabbage new varieties of Late bolting of China's spring sowing, are China vegetables
One of the vital task that dish industry faces.The core of spring baby cabbage breed breeding is the strong Late bolting breeding material of acquisition, and strong
The key that Late bolting breeding material obtains is high-throughput, Rapid identification bolting resistant property technology application.
The Late bolting of brassicaceous vegetable includes wanting basic nutrition growth type (such as wild cabbage), low temperature requirements type and long-day
Seek type three categories.Baby cabbage and the seed vernalization crop that turnip is basic nutrition growth phase, are typical low temperature requirements types, kind
After sub- vernalization, you can induction low temperature (Ke Guilan, 2010).Turnip is stringenter to low temperature requirements than baby cabbage, shows as extremely late bolting.
Hybridized with baby cabbage using turnip, the baby cabbage kind for being bred as anti-clubroot simultaneously, also the late bolting gene of turnip is transferred to
In baby cabbage, which can be applied to baby cabbage evening bolting breeding (Yui, 2003).Breeds of Chinese cabbage is slow May, and bolting is opened
Flower needs low temperature vernalization and longer sunshine condition.Hybridized with Chinese cabbage using baby cabbage, can isolate and only require in offspring
Long day, and the material insensitive to low temperature, which, which is applied to breeding, still prodigious distance (Yui, 1991,1992).
Bud differentiation is the key that baby cabbage bolting phenomenon occurs.The device of photoperiodic signal is experienced in baby cabbage bud differentiation
Official is blade, and the organ for receiving low temperature vernalization treatment signal is stem apex.Baby cabbage belongs to vernalization type, after seed maturity, radicle
Just there is the ability for experiencing low temperature after appearance.There are many reports for inducing baby cabbage vernalization optimum temperature.In general, doll
Dish seed vernalization temperature sensor is 0-13 DEG C.The requirement of different breeding material counterglow length is different with the requirement to temperature,
For some to day long sensitivity, some is then only temperature sensitive.Long-day can promote bolting and bloom.It is handed in the duration of day and temperature
In interaction, low temperature vernalization is the determinant of baby cabbage bud differentiation and bolting, in incomplete vernalization, the photoperiod amount of playing
Cumulative function.According to the cultivation practices of baby cabbage, baby cabbage bolting is acted on by low temperature vernalization, also receives the shadow of photoperiod
It rings.Above-mentioned principle is exactly that we establish the theory of the identification method of baby cabbage breeding material Late bolting in breeding cultivation production
Basis.
It is reported according to previous literature, Late bolting identification method has very much.Mero etc. (1984) is existed using 2-3 leaf tinkling of pieces of jade seedling
It is handled 6-7 weeks under 5 DEG C of cryogenic conditions, investigates squaring period or shortening stem length identifies Late bolting.Yu Yangjun etc. (1996) is utilized
Indirect indexes of the number of sheets as evaluation breeding material Late bolting when blooming.Cheng Fei etc. (1999) thinks that baby cabbage bolting is early
Evening and Floral initiation significant positive correlation can replace bolting sooner or later, in breeding time with Floral initiation
Interior progress Late bolting shape selection.The above research, the judgement to bolting use the discrimination method of bud differentiation morning and evening.So
And after bud differentiation, bolting process is also influenced by temperature and photoperiod, and the different kind of counterglow length requirement is compared, flower
Bud differentiation is more early, and to be not meant as bolting more early.2004, remaining sun person of outstanding talent etc. by 3 DEG C of germinating seed low temperature vernalization treatment 20 days, and
After be seeded in 20-22 DEG C of greenhouse, night fluorescent lamp light filling to 16 hours photoperiods, 108-144 μm of ol/ (m2 of light filling light intensity
s)；Integrated survey buddings, bolting, situation of blooming, using bolting index as the morphological index of the late bolting of evaluation.Bolting index (%)
Algorithm be：(∑ series × strain number at different levels) × 100/ (9 × investigation total strain number).Bolting index evaluation cycle is about 45 days.On
The method for stating identification Late bolting has the advantages that respective, also there is respective limitation.These methods it is accurate whether, will also be by big
Field plants to examine, because they cannot cover all field low temperature and photoperiod integrated environment condition.
Since the country of China lacks the antiviral germplasm of baby cabbage evening bolting, strong Late bolting is imported to the parent of viral diseases
It is one of the important channel of late bolting breeding material selection and breeding in material.Using this approach, disease-resistant, late bolting is excellent obtaining for we
While benign shape, it can also increase the genetic diversity of breeding material.This approach includes hybridization, selfing or backcrossing and field
The processes such as Single-plant selection cannot carry out effectively evaluating identification using the method being documented to offspring's breeding material.
Invention content
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of crop in cruciferae cultivation mulch mini greenhouse and its answer
With especially a kind of mulch mini greenhouse new technology suitable for spring sowing baby cabbage breeding of new variety and Production of Large Fields.
A kind of crop in cruciferae cultivation mulch mini greenhouse, including the ditch of deep 6.0~7.0cm, bottom of trench are provided in furrow
It is provided with sowing cave, spacing is 20~30cm between sowing cave, sows the earthing that 0.6~0.7cm is covered on cave, and ditch upper edge is laid with
Mulch, the distance between earthing and mulch are 5~6cm, and the space that the side wall of mulch, earthing and ditch surrounds constitutes the miniature temperature of mulch
Room.
According to currently preferred, the depth of the ditch is 6.5cm.
According to currently preferred, the distance between earthing and mulch are 5.5cm.
Above-mentioned crop in cruciferae cultivation mulch mini greenhouse is cultivating bolting resistant property crop in cruciferae or Cruciferae
Application in the identification of crop bolting resistant property.
It is baby cabbage according to currently preferred, described crop in cruciferae.
According to currently preferred, above application, steps are as follows：
(1) it will be flattened after the fertilising of sowing plot, whole furrow, moisture creating；
(2) early March, the interior ditch for digging 6.0~7.0cm depths of furrow, ditch 25~35cm of spacing, the interior watering of ditch, seed is along bottom of trench
Bunch planting presses 5~6/bunch planting kind into sowing cave, the earthing of 0.6~0.7cm thickness is then covered on seed, is capped mulch, earthing
With at a distance from mulch be 5~6cm；
(3) thinning 2~3 times in time after emerging, final singling when 4~5 true leaves, carries out normal field management.
According to currently preferred, in the step (1), furrow are south-north direction, the wide 1.5~2.0m of furrow face, and the furrow ridge is wide by 15
~25cm.
According to currently preferred, in the step (1), 25~35cm of ditch spacing.
According to currently preferred, in the step (1), watering in ditch, water depth is not less than 3cm.
According to currently preferred, in the step (1), the spacing in adjacent sowing cave is 20~30cm.
According to currently preferred, in the step (2), the depth of ditch is 6.5cm；The distance between earthing and mulch are
5.5cm。
Advantageous effect
1, crop in cruciferae disclosed by the invention cultivates mulch mini greenhouse, is conducive to seed under early spring severe cold drought condition
Germinating growth, and seedling can be prevented and burnt and scalded ", it can be used for spring sowing baby cabbage evening bolting business breeding practice；
2, crop in cruciferae disclosed by the invention cultivates mulch mini greenhouse, not only in late bolting baby cabbage germ plasm resource
More existing general planting mode has significant effect in terms of screening, spring baby cabbage breeding practice and the late bolting breeding material of identification
Fruit, and it is antiviral to utilize which cultivation crop in cruciferae also to have the characteristics that, to which effect of increasing production is apparent.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1, it is the structural schematic diagram that crop in cruciferae of the present invention cultivates mulch mini greenhouse；
In figure：1, mulch, 2, mulch mini greenhouse, 3, earthing, 4, sowing cave, 5, ditch；
Fig. 2, to be March 2 be broadcast live using mulch mini greenhouse, white No. 3 of the white resource 3 in Shandong and spring treasure budding and bolting compared with
Photo；
In figure：Left side is that spring precious white No. 3 Chou tai are buddingged, shortening stem 6.0cm；Right side is the white resource 3 in Shandong, shortening stem 3.0cm；
Fig. 3, it is to be broadcast live using mulch mini greenhouse March 22, the white resource 3 in Shandong photo compared with spring precious white No. 3 boltings；
In figure：Left side is precious white No. 3 of spring, shortening stem 4.5cm；Right side is the white resource 3 in Shandong, shortening stem 2.5cm；With red arrow
Head instruction shortening stem；
The leaf-head cross sectional photograph of Fig. 4, part single plant Adult plant；
In figure：Row single plant from left to right above：The white resource in the white resource 1 in Shandong, Huang Qi, Shandong 2；A row is single from left to right below
Strain：The white resource 4 in Shandong, the white resource 3 in Shandong, Beijing are small by miscellaneous 56；
The cross sectional photograph of the mini Chinese cabbage of excellent combination 2 of Fig. 5, extremely late bolting.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is described further with reference to embodiment and attached drawing, but institute's protection domain of the present invention is without being limited thereto.
Biological material source
Beijing is small miscellaneous 56, Huang Qi, the white resource 1 in Shandong, the white resource 2 in Shandong, the white resource 3 in Shandong, the white resource 4 in Shandong are purchased from Shandong Deng Hai kinds
Industry limited liability company west is by seed branch company.
Embodiment 1
A kind of crop in cruciferae cultivation mulch mini greenhouse, including the ditch 5 of deep 6.5cm, ditch spacing are provided in furrow
30cm, bottom of trench are provided with sowing cave 4, and spacing is 25cm between sowing cave 4, the earthing 3 that 0.65cm is covered on cave 4 is sowed, on ditch 5
Along laying plastic 1, the distance between earthing 3 and mulch 1 are 5.5cm, the space structure that the side wall of mulch 1, earthing 3 and ditch 5 surrounds
At mulch mini greenhouse 2.
Embodiment 2
A kind of crop in cruciferae cultivation mulch mini greenhouse, including the ditch 5 of deep 6.0cm, ditch spacing are provided in furrow
25cm, bottom of trench are provided with sowing cave 4, and spacing is 20cm between sowing cave 4, the earthing 3 that 0.6cm is covered on cave 4 is sowed, on ditch 5
Along laying plastic 1, the distance between earthing 3 and mulch 1 are 5.0cm, the space structure that the side wall of mulch 1, earthing 3 and ditch 5 surrounds
At mulch mini greenhouse 2.
Embodiment 3
A kind of crop in cruciferae cultivation mulch mini greenhouse, including the ditch 5 of deep 7.0cm, ditch spacing are provided in furrow
35cm, bottom of trench are provided with sowing cave 4, and spacing is 30cm between sowing cave 4, the earthing 3 that 0.7cm is covered on cave 4 is sowed, on ditch 5
Along laying plastic 1, the distance between earthing 3 and mulch 1 are 7.0cm, the space structure that the side wall of mulch 1, earthing 3 and ditch 5 surrounds
At mulch mini greenhouse 2.
Embodiment 4
Crop in cruciferae described in embodiment 1 cultivates mulch mini greenhouse in cultivating bolting resistant property crop in cruciferae
Using steps are as follows：
(1) it will be flattened after 4000 kgs/acre of organic fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields in sowing plot, whole furrow, furrow are south-north direction, and furrow face is wide
1.5m, the wide 15cm in the furrow ridge sow first 8 days watering moisture creatings, and water, which is subject to, to be watered with；
(2) March 1 to March 6 is sowed, and the ditch of 6.5cm depths, ditch spacing 30cm, the interior watering of ditch, water depth are dug in furrow
5cm；The spacing of then bottom of trench bunch planting seed, adjacent sowing cave is 25cm；Into sowing cave by 5~6/bunch planting kind spring treasure white 3
Number and the white resource 3 in Shandong, then on seed cover 0.65cm thickness earthing, be capped mulch, earthing at a distance from mulch be 5.5cm；
(3) thinning 2~3 times in time after emerging, final singling when 4~5 true leaves, carries out normal field management.
Comparative example 1
Respectively in March 3, two periods of March 22, spring precious white No. 3 and the white resource 3 in Shandong are selected, traditional plantation side is utilized
(Zhang Zhen is virtuous, Wang Shaohui, remaining positive person of outstanding talent write, technique for cultivating celery cabbage question and answer, 2007, China Agricultyre University Press, 106- for method
Page 110), epiphragma live streaming.After growth 60 days, the form of cripetura neck is observed.
Interpretation of result
A, epiphragma on March 22 is broadcast live, and is planted using conventional method, after growth 60 days, spring precious white No. 3 and the white resource in Shandong 3
Shortening stem difference unobvious, the spring, precious white No. 3 no Chou tai were buddingged.It is planted using the method for the present invention, after growing 60 days, spring treasure white 3
Number and the white resource in Shandong 3 shortening stem difference it is apparent, the spring, precious white No. 3 Yi Chou tai were buddingged, but white 3 shortening stem of resource in Shandong is rounded.Cause
This, the present invention has significant technique effect in terms of identifying the tai of Nai Chou.
B, sowing on March 6 epiphragma live streaming, is planted using conventional method, spring precious white No. 3 and white 3 uneven emergence of resource in Shandong, seedling
There is burn seedlings phenomenon in phase.After growth 60 days, the spring shortening stem difference of precious white No. 3 and the white resource in Shandong 3 is apparent, still, the two growth is poor,
There is dead phenomenon.Therefore, traditional cultivation method technique effect in terms of identifying the tai of Nai Chou is poor.
Embodiment 5
Crop in cruciferae cultivation mulch mini greenhouse is in the identification of crop in cruciferae bolting resistant property described in embodiment 2
Using steps are as follows：
(1) it will be flattened after 5000 kgs/acre of organic fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields in sowing plot, whole furrow, furrow are south-north direction, and furrow face is wide
2.0m, the wide 25cm in the furrow ridge sow first 10 days watering moisture creatings, and water, which is subject to, to be watered with；
(2) March 3 was sowed.Dig the ditch of 6cm depth in furrow, ditch spacing 25cm, seed is along bottom of trench bunch planting, adjacent cave of sowing
Spacing is 30cm；Into sowing cave by 5~6/bunch planting kind Beijing small miscellaneous 50, Huang Qi, the white resource 1 in Shandong, the white resource 2 in Shandong, Lu Bai
Then resource 3 and Lu Bai resources 4 cover the earthing of 0.6cm thickness on seed, be capped mulch, and earthing is at a distance from mulch
5.0cm；
(3) thinning 2~3 times in time after emerging, final singling when 4~5 true leaves, carries out normal field management.
The criterion reference of the presence or absence of shortening stem (newel) length and bud《Chinese cabbage thremmatology》(Ke Gui
Orchid, 2010).
The results are shown in Table 1 in field.
1 baby cabbage evening bolting germplasm identification the selection result of table
Interpretation of result
Crop in cruciferae of the present invention cultivation mulch mini greenhouse can it can be seen from above-mentioned evaluation and screening result
Go out the bolting of sample with precise Identification.
Embodiment 6
Using the selection result of embodiment 5, the white resource 3 (see Fig. 2) in baby cabbage resource material Shandong of extremely late bolting is picked out.
Hybridized with the white resource 1 (antiviral) in Shandong using the white resource 3 in Shandong, by microspores culture, obtains 50 homozygous lines altogether.Using this
The method of invention carries out Late bolting identification to these homozygous lines, and Fig. 3 is the sectional view of part single plant Adult plant.
By the further selfing pole Late bolting identification of the single plant 5 of extremely late bolting, obtains extremely late bolting and be sheerly mini pure lines
1.Hybridize using mini pure lines 1 as parent with other late bolting pure lines, method using the present invention carries out evening to all combinations
Bolting is identified, the mini Chinese cabbage 2 (as shown in Figure 4) of excellent combination of extremely late bolting has been filtered out.
In order to verify the effect of the bolting resistant property, yield and mulch mini greenhouse of mini Chinese cabbage 2 in early spring sowing planting,
Early experiment of sowing in spring in continuous 3 years is carried out to mini Chinese cabbage 2.In early experiment of sowing in spring, make in such a way that tradition draws ditch overlay film direct-seeding planting
For control, compared with using 5 mode of embodiment, tradition draws ditch overlay film direct-seeding planting mode stroke trench depth 3cm or so and (belongs to shallow
Ditch), ditch covering film of after planting raking in ditch, mini greenhouse cannot be formed by covering between the earthing of seed and mulch, remaining operation
With mulch mini greenhouse direct-seeding.
3 years test results show to be broadcast live using the mulch mini greenhouse early spring of traditional early spring direct-seeding and the application
Mode plants mini Chinese cabbage 2, and the length of the shortening stem of strain is held in 2.5~3.1cm；But utilize two kinds of plantation sides
The volume variance that formula is harvested is notable, and mulch mini greenhouse early spring direct-seeding draws ditch overlay film early spring direct-seeding planting mode than tradition
Yield is high by 10~20%, and the results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2
Note：Random district's groups, are repeated 3 times, plot area：66m2, unit：Kilogram；Each repeating groups left column is tradition side
Formula, the right side are classified as mode of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. it is resistance in cultivation bolting resistant property crop in cruciferae or crop in cruciferae that crop in cruciferae cultivates mulch mini greenhouse
Application in bolting identification, which is characterized in that crop in cruciferae cultivates mulch mini greenhouse, including depth is provided in furrow
The ditch of 6.0~7.0cm, bottom of trench be provided with sowing cave, sow cave between spacing be 20~30cm, sow cave on covering 0.6~
The earthing of 0.7cm, ditch upper edge laying plastic, the distance between earthing and mulch are 5~6cm, and the side wall of mulch, earthing and ditch encloses
At space constitute mulch mini greenhouse.
2. application as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the depth of the ditch is 6.5cm.
3. application as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the distance between earthing and mulch are 5.5cm.
4. application as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the crop in cruciferae is baby cabbage.
5. application as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that steps are as follows：
（1）It will be flattened after the fertilising of sowing plot, whole furrow, moisture creating；
（2）Early March, digs the ditch of 6.0~7.0cm depth in furrow, ditch 25~35cm of spacing, waters in ditch, seed along bottom of trench bunch planting,
5~6/bunch planting kind is pressed into sowing cave, the earthing of 0.6~0.7cm thickness is then covered on seed, is capped mulch, earthing and ground
The distance of film is 5~6cm；
（3）Timely thinning 2~3 times after emergence, final singling when 4~5 true leaves, carry out normal field management.
6. application as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that the step（1）In, furrow are south-north direction, furrow face is wide by 1.5~
2.0m, the wide 15~25cm in the furrow ridge.
7. application as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that the step（1）In, 25~35cm of ditch spacing.
8. application as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that the step（1）In, water depth is not less than 3cm.
9. application as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that the step（1）In, the spacing in adjacent sowing cave is 20~30
cm。
10. application as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that the step（2）In, the depth of ditch is 6.5cm；Earthing with
The distance between mulch is 5.5cm.
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