CN105453953A - Brassicaceae crop cultivation mulch miniature greenhouse and application thereof - Google Patents
Brassicaceae crop cultivation mulch miniature greenhouse and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105453953A CN105453953A CN201610005209.6A CN201610005209A CN105453953A CN 105453953 A CN105453953 A CN 105453953A CN 201610005209 A CN201610005209 A CN 201610005209A CN 105453953 A CN105453953 A CN 105453953A
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- mulch film
- ditch
- earthing
- crop
- cruciferae
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
Abstract
The invention relates to a brassicaceae crop cultivation mulch miniature greenhouse and application thereof. According to the brassicaceae crop cultivation mulch miniature greenhouse, furrows are arranged in trenches, seeding holes are formed in the bottoms of the furrows and covered with covering soil, mulch is laid on the upper edges of the furrows, and the mulch miniature greenhouse is formed by the space defined by the mulch, the covering soil and the side walls of the furrows. The brassicaceae crop cultivation mulch miniature greenhouse facilitates seed germination and growth under the severe cold and draught condition of the early spring, young seedlings can also be prevented from being burnt, and the brassicaceae crop cultivation mulch miniature greenhouse can be used for commercial breeding practice of late bolting of baby cabbages sown in spring.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of crop in cruciferae cultivation mulch film mini greenhouse and application thereof, belong to field of plant variety breeding technology.
Background technology
Baby cabbage (BabyChinesecabbage), also known as miniature Chinese cabbage, belong to a type of Chinese cabbage (BrassicarapaL.ssp.pekinensis), profile is consistent with common Chinese cabbage, but size is only equivalent to 1/1 to five/4th of common Chinese cabbage, " the emulation miniature version " of similar common Chinese cabbage.Baby cabbage, has another name called Chinese cabbage, originates from China, and variety type is very abundant, is the special vegetable (Ke Guilan, 2010) of China.At present, the Chinese cabbage of Korea S, Japan and other countries plantation is imported into by China the earliest.For a long time, Chinese cabbage is the key vegetables of China and East Asian countries always, and its critical role is that other vegetables are difficult to compare with production area.
For a long time, due to the restriction by kind and culture technique, Chinese cabbage is mainly as growing vegetables in autumn.In recent years, along with the development of vegetable at protected field cultivation, Chinese cabbage has also progressively turned to the new frame of stubble cultivation more than a year, year-round supply from the situation that autumn produces, half a year supplies.Along with growth in the living standard, consumer proposes requirements at the higher level to the outward appearance of baby cabbage and flavor quality.Due to the change of family structure, the demand of market to large plant type Chinese cabbage constantly reduces, and to sowing in spring, the demand of the small-sized baby cabbage of summer sowing and autumn sowing is day by day urgent.Consumer and market day by day urgent to the demand of spring sowing baby cabbage.The sale of baby cabbage of all sowing in spring in each large, medium and small type wholesale vegetable market in the current whole nation and supermarket.Market is sold spring baby cabbage kind mainly from the import kind such as Korea S, Japan, although these kind Late boltings are very strong, because of its warm tolerance and viral diseases ability poor.China's existing spring sowing baby cabbage kind, although antiviral property is strong, Late bolting is poor, and shortening stem easily extends, and the commodity of leaf-head is poor.Therefore, seed selection is suitable for the extremely strong baby cabbage new varieties of the Late bolting of sowing in China spring, is one of vital task of facing of China's vegetables industry.The core of spring baby cabbage breed breeding obtains strong Late bolting breeding material, and the key that strong Late bolting breeding material obtains is the application of high flux, Rapid identification bolting resistant property technology.
The Late bolting of brassicaceous vegetable comprises basic nutrition vegetative form (as wild cabbage), low temperature requirements type and long-day requirement type three major types.Baby cabbage and turnip are the seed vernalization crop of basic nutrition vegetative stage, are typical low temperature requirements types, after presprouting of seeds, can respond to low temperature (Ke Guilan, 2010).Turnip is stricter to low temperature requirements than baby cabbage, shows as extremely late bolting.Utilize turnip and baby cabbage to hybridize, being bred as the baby cabbage kind of anti-club root simultaneously, also proceeded in baby cabbage by the late bolting gene of turnip, this transformation material can be applicable to baby cabbage bolting breeding in evening (Yui, 2003).Breeds of Chinese cabbage is slow for May, and bolting is bloomed needs low temperature vernalization and longer sunshine condition.Utilize baby cabbage and Chinese cabbage to hybridize, as long as can isolate day of rectificating in offspring, and to the insensitive material of low temperature, this materials application still has very large distance (Yui, 1991,1992) in breeding.
Flower bud differentiation is the key that baby cabbage bolting phenomenon occurs.Baby cabbage flower bud differentiation, the organ experiencing photoperiodic signal is blade, and the organ accepting low temperature vernalization signal is stem apex.Baby cabbage belongs to vernalization type, and after seed maturity, radicle just has the ability experiencing low temperature after occurring.Have multiple to the report of baby cabbage vernalization induction optimum temperature.In general, baby cabbage seed vernalization temperature sensor is 0-13 DEG C.The requirement of different breeding material counterglow length is different with to the requirement of temperature, have to day long sensitivity, have then only to responsive to temperature.Long-day can promote bolting and bloom.In the duration of day and temperature interaction, low temperature vernalization is the decisive factor of baby cabbage flower bud differentiation and bolting, when incomplete vernalization, and the cumulative function of the photoperiod amount of playing.According to the cultivation practices of baby cabbage, baby cabbage bolting, by the effect of low temperature vernalization, also receives photoperiodic impact.Above-mentioned principle is exactly the theoretical foundation that we set up the authentication method of baby cabbage breeding material Late bolting in breeding cultivation is produced.
According to previous literature report, Late bolting authentication method has a lot.Mero etc. (1984) adopt 2-3 leaf tinkling of pieces of jade seedling to process 6-7 week under 5 DEG C of cryogenic conditions, investigation squaring period or shortening stem length qualification Late bolting.Yu Yangjun etc. (1996) utilize number of sheets when blooming as the indirect indexes of evaluation breeding material Late bolting.Cheng Fei etc. (1999) think, baby cabbage bolting morning and evening and Floral initiation significant positive correlation, can replace bolting sooner or later with Floral initiation, carry out the selection of Late bolting shape within breeding time.More than study, to the judgement of bolting, have employed flower bud differentiation discrimination method sooner or later.But after flower bud differentiation, bolting process is also by the impact in temperature and light cycle, and compare the kind that counterglow length requirement is different, flower bud differentiation more not means bolting more early.2004, Yu Yangjun etc., by germinating seed 3 DEG C of low temperature vernalization 20 days, were then seeded in 20-22 DEG C of greenhouse, night with fluorescent lamp light filling to 16 hours photoperiods, light filling light intensity 108-144 μm ol/ (m2s); Integrated survey is buddingged, bolting, situation of blooming, using bolting index as the morphological index evaluating late bolting.The algorithm of bolting index (%) is: (∑ progression × strain number at different levels) × 100/ (9 × investigate total strain number).Bolting index evaluation cycle is about 45 days.The method of above-mentioned qualification Late bolting has respective advantage, also has respective limitation.These methods whether accurate, also will be checked by field planting, because they can not cover all fields low temperature and photoperiod integrated environment condition.
Due to the disease-resistant seed culture of viruses matter of China's domestic shortage baby cabbage bolting in evening, being imported by strong Late bolting in the parent material of viral diseases is one of important channel of late bolting breeding material seed selection.Utilize this approach, we, while disease-resistant, the late bolting merit of acquisition, also can increase the genetic diversity of breeding material.This approach comprises hybridization, selfing or backcrosses and the process such as field Single-plant selection, and the method utilizing existing document to record can not carry out effectively evaluating qualification to offspring's breeding material.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of crop in cruciferae cultivation mulch film mini greenhouse and application, particularly a kind of mulch film mini greenhouse new technology being suitable for spring sowing baby cabbage breeding of new variety and Production of Large Fields.
A kind of crop in cruciferae cultivation mulch film mini greenhouse, comprise in furrow the ditch being provided with dark 6.0 ~ 7.0cm, bottom of trench is provided with sowing cave, between sowing cave, spacing is 20 ~ 30cm, sowing cave covers the earthing of 0.6 ~ 0.7cm, along laying plastic on ditch, the distance between earthing and mulch film is 5 ~ 6cm, and the space that the sidewall of mulch film, earthing and ditch surrounds forms mulch film mini greenhouse.
Preferred according to the present invention, the degree of depth of described ditch is 6.5cm.
Preferred according to the present invention, the distance between earthing and mulch film is 5.5cm.
Above-mentioned crop in cruciferae cultivation mulch film mini greenhouse is cultivating the application in bolting resistant property crop in cruciferae or the qualification of crop in cruciferae bolting resistant property.
Preferred according to the present invention, described crop in cruciferae is baby cabbage.
Preferred according to the present invention, above-mentioned application, step is as follows:
(1) will flatten after the fertilising of sowing plot, whole furrow, moisture creating;
(2) early March, digs the ditch that 6.0 ~ 7.0cm is dark in furrow, ditch spacing 25 ~ 35cm, water in ditch, seed, along bottom of trench bunch planting, presses 5 ~ 6/bunch planting kind in sowing cave, then seed covers the thick earthing of 0.6 ~ 0.7cm, add a cover mulch film, the distance of earthing and mulch film is 5 ~ 6cm;
(3) timely thinning 2 ~ 3 times after emerging, final singling during 4 ~ 5 true leaves, carries out normal field management.
Preferred according to the present invention, in described step (1), furrow are south-north direction, furrow face width 1.5 ~ 2.0m, the wide 15 ~ 25cm in the furrow ridge.
Preferred according to the present invention, in described step (1), ditch spacing 25 ~ 35cm.
Preferred according to the present invention, in described step (1), water in ditch, water depth is not less than 3cm.
Preferred according to the present invention, in described step (1), the spacing in adjacent sowing cave is 20 ~ 30cm.
Preferred according to the present invention, in described step (2), the degree of depth of ditch is 6.5cm; Distance between earthing and mulch film is 5.5cm.
Beneficial effect
1, crop in cruciferae disclosed by the invention cultivation mulch film mini greenhouse, is beneficial to seed germinating growth under severe cold drought condition in early spring, can prevents and treats again seedling and be burnt boiling hot ", can be used for spring sowing baby cabbage bolting business in evening breeding practice;
2, crop in cruciferae cultivation mulch film mini greenhouse disclosed by the invention, not only at late bolting baby cabbage Screening of Germplasm, spring baby cabbage breeding practice with identify that in late bolting breeding material, more existing general planting mode has significant effect, and utilize which cultivation crop in cruciferae also to have antiviral feature, thus effect of increasing production is obvious.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1, be the structural representation of crop in cruciferae of the present invention cultivation mulch film mini greenhouse;
In figure: 1, mulch film, 2, mulch film mini greenhouse, 3, earthing, 4, sowing cave, 5, ditch;
Fig. 2, be utilized mulch film mini greenhouse live March 2, precious white No. 3 of the white resource in Shandong 3 and spring buddings and bolting compares photo;
In figure: left side is that precious white No. 3 Chou of spring are buddingged, shortening stem 6.0cm; Right side is the white resource 3 in Shandong, shortening stem 3.0cm;
Fig. 3, be utilized mulch film mini greenhouse live March 22, the white resource in Shandong 3 compares photo with spring precious white No. 3 boltings;
In figure: left side is precious white No. 3 of spring, shortening stem 4.5cm; Right side is the white resource 3 in Shandong, shortening stem 2.5cm; Shortening stem is indicated with red arrow;
The leaf-head cross sectional photograph of Fig. 4, part individual plant Adult plant;
In figure: one arrange individual plant from left to right above: the white resource in Shandong 1, Huang Qi, the white resource 2 in Shandong; One arrange individual plant from left to right below: the white resource in Shandong 4, the white resource in Shandong 3, Beijing are little by assorted 56;
The cross sectional photograph of the mini Chinese cabbage 2 of excellent combination of Fig. 5, extremely late bolting.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the present invention is described further, but institute of the present invention protection domain is not limited thereto.
Biological material source
Beijing little assorted 56, Huang Qi, the white resource in Shandong 1, the white resource in Shandong 2, the white resource in Shandong 3, the white resource 4 in Shandong purchased from Shandong Denghai Seeds Co., Ltd west by seed branch company.
Embodiment 1
A kind of crop in cruciferae cultivation mulch film mini greenhouse, comprise in furrow the ditch 5 being provided with dark 6.5cm, ditch spacing 30cm, bottom of trench is provided with sowing cave 4, between sowing cave 4, spacing is 25cm, sowing cave 4 covers the earthing 3 of 0.65cm, along laying plastic 1 on ditch 5, distance between earthing 3 and mulch film 1 is 5.5cm, and the space that mulch film 1, earthing 3 surround with the sidewall of ditch 5 forms mulch film mini greenhouse 2.
Embodiment 2
A kind of crop in cruciferae cultivation mulch film mini greenhouse, comprise in furrow the ditch 5 being provided with dark 6.0cm, ditch spacing 25cm, bottom of trench is provided with sowing cave 4, between sowing cave 4, spacing is 20cm, sowing cave 4 covers the earthing 3 of 0.6cm, along laying plastic 1 on ditch 5, distance between earthing 3 and mulch film 1 is 5.0cm, and the space that mulch film 1, earthing 3 surround with the sidewall of ditch 5 forms mulch film mini greenhouse 2.
Embodiment 3
A kind of crop in cruciferae cultivation mulch film mini greenhouse, comprise in furrow the ditch 5 being provided with dark 7.0cm, ditch spacing 35cm, bottom of trench is provided with sowing cave 4, between sowing cave 4, spacing is 30cm, sowing cave 4 covers the earthing 3 of 0.7cm, along laying plastic 1 on ditch 5, distance between earthing 3 and mulch film 1 is 7.0cm, and the space that mulch film 1, earthing 3 surround with the sidewall of ditch 5 forms mulch film mini greenhouse 2.
Embodiment 4
Described in embodiment 1, crop in cruciferae cultivation mulch film mini greenhouse is cultivating the application in bolting resistant property crop in cruciferae, and step is as follows:
(1) will flatten after fertilizer 4000 kgs/acre is spread fertilizer over the fields in sowing plot, whole furrow, furrow are south-north direction, furrow face width 1.5m, the wide 15cm in the furrow ridge, sow first 8 days moisture creatings of watering, and the water yield is as the criterion to water foot;
(2) sowing on March 1 to March 6, dig the ditch that 6.5cm is dark in furrow, ditch spacing 30cm, waters in ditch, water depth 5cm; Then bottom of trench bunch planting seed, the spacing in adjacent sowing cave is 25cm; In sowing cave, press 5 ~ 6/bunch planting kind spring precious white No. 3 and the white resource 3 in Shandong, then seed covers the thick earthing of 0.65cm, add a cover mulch film, the distance of earthing and mulch film is 5.5cm;
(3) timely thinning 2 ~ 3 times after emerging, final singling during 4 ~ 5 true leaves, carries out normal field management.
Comparative example 1
Respectively in March 3, two periods of March 22, select spring precious white No. 3 and the white resource 3 in Shandong, (Zhang Zhen virtuous, Wang Shaohui, Yu Yangjun write to utilize traditional cultivation method, technique for cultivating celery cabbage question and answer, 2007, China Agricultyre University Press, 106-110 page), epiphragma is live.Grow after 60 days, observe the form of cripetura neck.
Interpretation of result
A, March 22 epiphragma live, utilize conventional method plantation, grow after 60 days, the spring shortening stem difference of precious white No. 3 and the white resource 3 in Shandong is not obvious, and white No. 3 of spring treasure does not take out and buddings.Using the method of the invention to grow, grow in 60 days, Jane white 3 and 3 LuBai resources in the spring of shortening stem difference is obvious, Jane white smoke has 3 spring budding, but 3 shortening stem assumes the circular LuBai resources.Therefore, the present invention has significant technique effect at the qualification of Nai Chou aspect.
B, sowing on March 6 epiphragma are live, adopt conventional method plantation, and precious white No. 3 of spring emerges uneven with the white resource in Shandong 3, has seedling stage and burns seedling phenomenon.Grow after 60 days, the spring shortening stem difference of precious white No. 3 and the white resource 3 in Shandong is obvious, but the two growth is poor, have dead phenomenon.Therefore, traditional cultivation method is in the qualification of Nai Chou aspect technique effect difference.
Embodiment 5
The application of crop in cruciferae cultivation mulch film mini greenhouse in the qualification of crop in cruciferae bolting resistant property described in embodiment 2, step is as follows:
(1) will flatten after fertilizer 5000 kgs/acre is spread fertilizer over the fields in sowing plot, whole furrow, furrow are south-north direction, furrow face width 2.0m, the wide 25cm in the furrow ridge, sow first 10 days moisture creatings of watering, and the water yield is as the criterion to water foot;
(2) sowing on March 3.Dig the ditch that 6cm is dark in furrow, ditch spacing 25cm, seed is along bottom of trench bunch planting, and the spacing in adjacent sowing cave is 30cm; By 5 ~ 6/bunch planting kind Beijing little assorted 50, Huang Qi, the white resource in Shandong 1, the white resource in Shandong 2, the white resource 3 in Shandong and Lu Bai resource 4 in sowing cave, then seed covers the thick earthing of 0.6cm, add a cover mulch film, the distance of earthing and mulch film is 5.0cm;
(3) timely thinning 2 ~ 3 times after emerging, final singling during 4 ~ 5 true leaves, carries out normal field management.
With presence or absence of shortening stem (newel) length and bud, criterion is with reference to " Chinese cabbage thremmatology " (Ke Guilan, 2010).
Field result is as shown in table 1.
Table 1 baby cabbage bolting germplasm identification in evening the selection result
Interpretation of result
As can be seen from above-mentioned evaluation and screening result, crop in cruciferae of the present invention cultivation mulch film mini greenhouse can go out the bolting of sample by precise Identification.
Embodiment 6
Adopt the selection result of embodiment 5, pick out the white resource 3 (see Fig. 2) in baby cabbage resource material Shandong of extremely late bolting.Utilize the white resource in Shandong 3 and the white resource in Shandong 1 (antiviral) to hybridize, through microspores culture, obtain 50 homozygous lines altogether.Adopt method of the present invention to carry out Late bolting qualification to these homozygous lines, Fig. 3 is the profile of part individual plant Adult plant.
By the selfing pole Late bolting qualification further of the individual plant 5 of extremely late bolting, obtain extremely late bolting and be sheerly mini pure lines 1.Utilize mini pure lines 1 to be sheerly as parent and other late bolting to hybridize, adopt method of the present invention to carry out Late bolting qualification to all combinations, filter out the mini Chinese cabbage 2 (as shown in Figure 4) of excellent combination of extremely late bolting.
In order to verify the bolting resistant property of mini Chinese cabbage 2, output and the mulch film mini greenhouse effect in early spring sowing planting, test of sowing in spring the morning that mini Chinese cabbage 2 is carried out continuous 3 years.Early sow in spring in test, ditch overlay film direct-seeding planting mode is drawn in contrast with tradition, compared with employing embodiment 5 mode, tradition is drawn ditch overlay film direct-seeding planting mode and is drawn about trench depth 3cm (belonging to shallow ridges), after planting to rake in ditch ditch covering film, cover between the earthing of seed and mulch film and can not form mini greenhouse, all the other operations are with mulch film mini greenhouse direct-seeding.
The result of the test of 3 years shows, utilize the mulch film mini greenhouse direct-seeding in early spring of tradition direct-seeding in early spring and the application to plant mini Chinese cabbage 2, the length of the shortening stem of its strain all remains on 2.5 ~ 3.1cm; But the volume variance utilizing two kinds of planting patternss to gather in the crops is remarkable, mulch film mini greenhouse direct-seeding in early spring is higher by 10 ~ 20% than tradition stroke ditch overlay film direct-seeding planting in early spring mode output, and result is as shown in table 2.
Table 2
Note: random district group, repeats 3 times, plot area: 66m
2, unit: kilogram; Each repeating groups left column is traditional approach, and the right side is classified as mode of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a crop in cruciferae cultivation mulch film mini greenhouse, it is characterized in that, comprise in furrow the ditch being provided with dark 6.0 ~ 7.0cm, bottom of trench is provided with sowing cave, between sowing cave, spacing is 20 ~ 30cm, sowing cave covers the earthing of 0.6 ~ 0.7cm, along laying plastic on ditch, distance between earthing and mulch film is 5 ~ 6cm, and the space that the sidewall of mulch film, earthing and ditch surrounds forms mulch film mini greenhouse.
2. crop in cruciferae cultivation mulch film mini greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the degree of depth of described ditch is 6.5cm.
3. crop in cruciferae cultivation mulch film mini greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the distance between earthing and mulch film is 5.5cm.
4. described in claim 1, crop in cruciferae cultivation mulch film mini greenhouse is cultivating the application in bolting resistant property crop in cruciferae or the qualification of crop in cruciferae bolting resistant property.
5. apply as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, described crop in cruciferae is baby cabbage.
6. apply as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, step is as follows:
(1) will flatten after the fertilising of sowing plot, whole furrow, moisture creating;
(2) early March, digs the ditch that 6.0 ~ 7.0cm is dark in furrow, ditch spacing 25 ~ 35cm, water in ditch, seed, along bottom of trench bunch planting, presses 5 ~ 6/bunch planting kind in sowing cave, then seed covers the thick earthing of 0.6 ~ 0.7cm, add a cover mulch film, the distance of earthing and mulch film is 5 ~ 6cm;
(3) timely thinning 2 ~ 3 times after emerging, final singling during 4 ~ 5 true leaves, carries out normal field management.
7. apply as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, in described step (1), furrow are south-north direction, furrow face width 1.5 ~ 2.0m, the wide 15 ~ 25cm in the furrow ridge.
8. apply as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, in described step (1), ditch spacing 25 ~ 35cm.
9. apply as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, in described step (1), water depth is not less than 3cm; Preferably, in described step (1), the spacing in adjacent sowing cave is 20 ~ 30cm.
10. apply as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, in described step (2), the degree of depth of ditch is 6.5cm; Distance between earthing and mulch film is 5.5cm.
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| CN106879342A (en) * | 2017-03-14 | 2017-06-23 | 张掖市农业科学研究院 | A kind of the Northwest's baby cabbage implantation methods |
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