CN101971760B - Cultivation method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacle of eggplants - Google Patents
Cultivation method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacle of eggplants Download PDFInfo
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- CN101971760B CN101971760B CN2010102798234A CN201010279823A CN101971760B CN 101971760 B CN101971760 B CN 101971760B CN 2010102798234 A CN2010102798234 A CN 2010102798234A CN 201010279823 A CN201010279823 A CN 201010279823A CN 101971760 B CN101971760 B CN 101971760B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cultivation method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacle of eggplants, which is characterized by taking tomatoes or wilds tomatoes as parental stocks and taking coins as an eggplant variety; respectively culturing parental stock seedlings and coin seedlings, grafting and seedling by a cleft graft method to form eggplant graftings combining the parental stocks and the coins, fixedly planting the seedlings after the seedlings survive; making high plots or high ridges of 18cm, and fixedly planting the grafted seedlings in accordance with the row spacing of 70cm and the planting distance of 50cm, wherein the position of a grafting cutter point is 5cm higher than that of the ridge surface or the plot surface; carrying out plant adjustment by a double-rod pruning method after fixed planting to promote the germination of lateral branches, repeatedly carrying out topping treatment to generate multiple lateral branches, thus forming multiple fruits; and culturing until the eggplants mature. In the invention, the grafting and the root changing belong to the biological agronomic measures, the operation is simple, the application is convenient, no pollution is generated to environment and agricultural products during the process of production, and the high quality of the agricultural products can be maintained. The seed source of parental stocks is easily to obtain, the production cost is low, the effect on overcoming continuous cropping obstacle is obvious, and the purposes of continuously planting eggplants in the same block and plastic tent and realizing stable production can be achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to modern vegetable growing technical field.Specifically, the present invention relates to a kind of cultivation method that overcomes the eggplant continuous cropping obstacle.
Background technology
Eggplant is the important vegetables of China, also is the vegetables of avoiding continuous cropping.Along with developing rapidly of China's facilities vegetable production; The eggplant cultivated area is in continuous expansion; Thereby the continuous cropping phenomenon is also very general, also becomes increasingly conspicuous because of continuous cropping obstacle causes underproduction problem, has become a major issue that influences China's eggplant production sustainable development.Main harm after the continuous cropping is: soil-borne disease increases the weight of, and from the accumulation of poisonous substance matter, microflora changes, and soil function descends.Continuous cropping obstacle produces with crop self to be secreted root exudates of the same race continuously and causes the ecological environment of soil change that confidential relation is arranged.On producing at present, the influence of adopting anti-continuous cropping (continuous cropping) medicament to alleviate, alleviate continuous cropping obstacle more, the duration of its effect is limited, and cost is high, and side effect is big, has residually, and public hazards are arranged, and is prone to cause environmental pollution.Along with people's is to the concern of food security, and the health of vegetable crop is produced has become the world agriculture Development Trend.Therefore,, eliminate the continuous cropping obstacle that is caused in the vegetables production process, keep the good productivity of horticultural vegetable field soil, make agricultural production reach sustainable development, become the focus that whole world agriculture field is paid close attention to how through modern biological agronomic measures.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to above problem; Providing a kind of being suitable for to overcome and eliminate the underproduction problem that causes because of the eggplant continuous cropping obstacle, is to utilize the grafting and root-changing cultivation specifically, is aided with supporting technology; Safety is eliminated eggplant continuous cropping harm, guarantees eggplant a kind of cultivation method of plantation continuously.
The cultivation method that overcomes the eggplant continuous cropping obstacle provided by the invention is realized according to the following steps:
1. selection stock: stock adopts tomato or wild eggplant, and scion be the eggplant kind of routine;
2. graft seedling growth: cultivate rootstock seedling and scion seedling respectively, adopt cleft graft to carry out graft seedling growth, promptly substitute original scion shoot root system, form the eggplant grafting that the anvil fringe combines with the rootstock seedling root system, treat rice shoot become to live after field planting;
3. field planting rice shoot: make high furrow or the high ridge of 18cm, grafting is carried out field planting by line-spacing 70cm, spacing in the rows 50cm, grafting edge of a knife position will be higher than ridge face or furrow face 5cm;
4. plant adjustment: adopt " special pair of bar pruning method " to carry out the plant adjustment after the field planting; That is: first eggplant with two bar base portions removes, and begins to stay fruit from " to the eggplant " of two bars, and each fruit bearing shoot front end terminal bud is pinched; Promote side shoot to sprout; The processing of pinching off young shoots repeatedly can produce a plurality of side shoots, forms a plurality of fruits; Other cultivates to eggplant ripe by normal field management.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: reason that forms according to the eggplant continuous cropping obstacle and the secretions from plant roots principle that " counteracts each other "; Employing vegetable grafting technology; Tomato root system or the grafting of wild eggplant root system to cultivation eggplant plant; Through changing the composition that root changes root exudates, reach the purpose that overcomes the eggplant soil continuous cropping obstacle.This method has following advantage with respect to the chemicals processing method:
(1) grafting and root-changing belongs to biological agronomic measures.Peasant's easy master, simple to operate, convenient in application, environmental protection and public nuisance free.Its production process can not pollute environment and agricultural product, can keep the high-quality of agricultural product.
(2) the stock seed source obtains easily, and grafting is cultivated simple, and production cost is lower, and process is controlled easily, and it is remarkable to overcome the continuous cropping obstacle effect, can be implemented in the purpose that same plot, same canopy chamber are planted eggplant and stable yields continuously.
(3) behind the grafting and root-changing, because the eggplant well developed root system, suction, fertilizer sucting ability strengthen, and can make plant keep vigorous growth potential, keep higher Photosynthetic Productivity, help eggplant product organ health and form.
Embodiment
Following embodiment is intended to the present invention is done further to explain and explanation, to the invention is not restricted to instance.
Embodiment 1
Cultivation method is realized according to the following steps:
Adopt tomato variety " No. 5, gold hat " to make stock (or adopt the gold hat No. 8, No. 1, coronet, No. 1, golden canopy, distant garden Dolly, the big powder of Jia Yuan, L404, agate watt do stock); Do scion (or adopting the green eggplant in Xi'an, purple circle eggplant, upright former purple eggplant, black bright again, distant eggplant No. 5, pocket eggplant, bulb eggplant, U.S. rich long eggplant, Bu Lita, Buddhist nun sieve, An Delie to do scion) with eggplant kind " greenstone eggplant ".
Adopt existing cleft graft grafting.Grafting become to live the back field planting in the greenhouse by solar heat in 3 years of continuous cropping, plants seedling by line-spacing 70cm, spacing in the rows 50cm, makes high furrow or the high ridge of 18cm, and grafting edge of a knife position is higher than ridge face 5cm.Own-rooted tree with not grafting is made as contrast.After the field planting 30 days, adopt " special pair of bar pruning method " to carry out the plant adjustment, and remove the lateral bud of sprouting on the stock stem.That is: first eggplant with two bar base portions removes, and begins to stay fruit from " to the eggplant " of two bars, and each fruit bearing shoot front end terminal bud is pinched, and promotes side shoot to sprout, and the processing of pinching off young shoots repeatedly can produce a plurality of side shoots, forms a plurality of fruits; Apply fertilizer, water by normal field management.In eggplant is bloomed setting phase sampling survey soil Huang wither bacterium (typical soil-borne disease) quantity, form situation (seeing table 1) from poisonous substance matter (vanillin) content and edaphon; Can find out; Wither bacterium quantity and obviously reduce of Huang in the eggplant rhizosphere soil after the grafting from poisonous substance matter content; Wherein the Huang bacterium quantity of withering reduces 91.7%, and vanillin content reduces 84.6%.Marked change also takes place in the edaphon composition, and wherein fungi has reduced 45.5%, and bacterium has increased by 75.8%, and actinomycetes have increased by 32.5%.Because eggplant rhizosphere soil ecotope improves, continuous cropping obstacle is eliminated, and the eggplant plant strain growth is healthy and strong, and comparison at last increases output 26.5% according to (from the root eggplant).
Table 1 grafting guinea squash overcomes soil continuous cropping obstacle effect research (the gold hat is stock No. 5, and the greenstone eggplant is scion)
Annotate: greenhouse by solar heat is the eggplant soil in 3 years of continuous cropping, and investigation strain number is every processing 100 strains.
Embodiment 2
Cultivation method is realized according to the following steps:
Adopt wild eggplant " Huang Guoqie " as stock (or adopt Huang Tianqie, sting luxuriant eggplant, a thorn day eggplant, wild extra large eggplant, exquisite eggplant, newborn eggplant do stock), do scion (or adopting the green eggplant in Xi'an, purple circle eggplant, upright former purple eggplant, black bright again, pocket eggplant, bulb eggplant, U.S. rich long eggplant, Bu Lita, Buddhist nun sieve, An Delie to do scion) with eggplant kind " distant eggplant No. 5 ".Adopt existing cleft graft grafting.Grafting become to live the back field planting in the greenhouse by solar heat in 3 years of continuous cropping, plants seedling by line-spacing 70cm, spacing in the rows 50cm, makes high furrow or the high ridge of 18cm, and grafting edge of a knife position is higher than ridge face 5cm.Own-rooted tree with not grafting is made as contrast.After the field planting 30 days, adopt " special pair of bar pruning method " to carry out plant adjustment (with embodiment 1), and remove the lateral bud of sprouting on the stock stem.Apply fertilizer, water by normal field management.In eggplant is bloomed setting phase sampling survey soil Huang wither bacterium (typical soil-borne disease) quantity, form situation (seeing table 2) from poisonous substance matter (vanillin) content and edaphon; Can find out; Wither bacterium quantity and obviously reduce of Huang in the eggplant rhizosphere soil after the grafting from poisonous substance matter content; Wherein the Huang bacterium quantity of withering reduces 96.0%, and vanillin content reduces 92.8%.Marked change also takes place in the edaphon composition, and wherein fungi has reduced 54.3%, and bacterium has increased by 76.1%, and actinomycetes have increased by 35.9%.Because eggplant rhizosphere soil ecotope improves, the continuous cropping obstacle factor changes, and the eggplant plant strain growth is healthy and strong, and comparison at last increases output 29.7% according to (from the root eggplant).
Table 2 grafting guinea squash overcomes soil continuous cropping obstacle effect research (yellow fruit eggplant is a stock, and distant eggplant is scion No. 5)
Annotate: greenhouse by solar heat is the eggplant soil in 3 years of continuous cropping, and investigation strain number is every processing 100 strains.
The above embodiment; It is preferred embodiments of the present invention; And unrestricted practical range of the present invention, so all equivalences of doing according to the described material composition of claim of the present invention, making characteristic and principle change or modify, all should be included in patent application protection domain of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. cultivation method that overcomes the eggplant continuous cropping obstacle, it is following to it is characterized in that cultivating step:
A, select stock: stock adopts tomato gold hat No. 5, No. 8, gold hat, No. 1, coronet, distant garden Dolly, the big powder of Jia Yuan, L404, Ma Wa or the yellow fruit of wild eggplant eggplant, Huang Tianqie, thorn bud eggplant, a thorn day eggplant, wild extra large eggplant, exquisite eggplant, newborn eggplant, scion be the eggplant kind of routine;
B, graft seedling growth: cultivate rootstock seedling and scion seedling respectively, adopt cleft graft to carry out graft seedling growth, promptly, form the eggplant grafting that the anvil fringe combines, treat that rice shoot becomes back field planting alive with the alternative original scion shoot root system of rootstock seedling root system;
C, field planting rice shoot: make high furrow or the high ridge of 18cm, grafting is carried out field planting by line-spacing 70cm, spacing in the rows 50cm, grafting edge of a knife position will be higher than ridge face or furrow face 5cm;
D, plant adjustment: adopt " special pair of bar pruning method " to carry out the plant adjustment after the field planting; That is: first eggplant with two bar base portions removes, and begins to stay fruit from " to the eggplant " of two bars, and each fruit bearing shoot front end terminal bud is pinched; Promote side shoot to sprout; The processing of pinching off young shoots repeatedly can produce a plurality of side shoots, forms a plurality of fruits; Other cultivates to eggplant ripe by normal field management.
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Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102356747B (en) * | 2011-09-13 | 2012-10-10 | 河南农业大学 | Substrate culture method for reducing continuous cropping obstacle of rehmannia |
| CN102498906B (en) * | 2011-11-18 | 2014-01-22 | 刘跃进 | Planting method for grafted high-yield eggplant |
| CN102870584A (en) * | 2012-10-25 | 2013-01-16 | 句容市旺华大棚蔬菜专业合作社 | Method for high-yield fruiting and cultivation of eggplant |
| CN103168630A (en) * | 2013-04-15 | 2013-06-26 | 山东省寿光蔬菜产业集团有限公司 | Method for cultivating grafted eggplant seedlings |
| CN103416230A (en) * | 2013-08-27 | 2013-12-04 | 遵义市龙泉农业科技发展有限公司 | Disease-resistant, draught-resistant and cold-resistant grafting technology for black tomatoes in South America |
| CN104041278B (en) * | 2014-06-18 | 2016-08-17 | 南京市蔬菜科学研究所 | A kind of cultural method of Fructus Solani melongenae intercropping and interplanting leek (Allium porrum L.) |
| CN104303848A (en) * | 2014-07-01 | 2015-01-28 | 上海采科实业有限公司 | Tomato and eggplant symbiotic plant |
| CN105052665B (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2018-05-11 | 管天球 | A kind of breeding method of breeding gold Chinese scholartree seedlings |
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| CN101194563A (en) * | 2007-12-13 | 2008-06-11 | 沈阳农业大学 | Method for preventing cyanosis of cyanosis by using wildness eggplant transplantation |
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