CN104041278B - A kind of cultural method of Fructus Solani melongenae intercropping and interplanting leek (Allium porrum L.) - Google Patents

A kind of cultural method of Fructus Solani melongenae intercropping and interplanting leek (Allium porrum L.) Download PDF

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CN104041278B
CN104041278B CN201410272494.9A CN201410272494A CN104041278B CN 104041278 B CN104041278 B CN 104041278B CN 201410272494 A CN201410272494 A CN 201410272494A CN 104041278 B CN104041278 B CN 104041278B
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leek
allium porrum
intercropping
interplanting
solani melongenae
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CN104041278A (en
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张燕燕
唐懋华
刘叶琼
缪其松
孙雪花
常义军
王东升
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NANJING INSTITUTE OF VEGETABLE SCIENCE
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NANJING INSTITUTE OF VEGETABLE SCIENCE
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Abstract

The invention discloses the cultural method of a kind of Fructus Solani melongenae intercropping and interplanting leek (Allium porrum L.), comprise the following steps: (1) leek (Allium porrum L.) nursery: 8~JIUYUE hole plate seedling growth;(2) whole ground bedding: apply base manure, wholely, build field planting furrow, lay drip irrigation, mulch film;(3) leek (Allium porrum L.) field planting: seedling age 40~50 days, leek (Allium porrum L.) survival after transplant;(4) lay reflex film: canopy room cover film, in canopy, reflective membrane pasted by apron;(5) eggplant seedling raising, grafting, field planting;(6) field management;(7) gathering: leek (Allium porrum L.) 3~April gather, Fructus Solani melongenae reaches commodity maturation and gathers early.The method of the present invention eliminates continuous cropping obstacle of eggplants, improves eggplant yield, the intercropping and interplanting pattern of quality, overcomes continuous cropping obstacle of eggplants, takes rational cultivation technique means to build suitable planting environment, reduces disease pest harm, improves Soil Micro-environment;Make full use of sunlight-heat reaources, improve temperature of shed and illumination, improve Fructus Solani melongenae fruit marketing quality, increase unit are economic benefit, there are good ecological benefits.

Description

A kind of cultural method of Fructus Solani melongenae intercropping and interplanting leek (Allium porrum L.)
Technical field
The invention belongs to agriculture field, be specifically related to the cultural method of a kind of Fructus Solani melongenae intercropping and interplanting leek (Allium porrum L.).
Background technology
Facility eggplant yield is high, the market demand is big, profitable, is the important component part of high-efficiency agriculture.Facilities vegetable develop into Cheng Zhong, high multiple crop index, the most intensive, cause continuous cropping obstacle day by day serious, the cultivation of facility Fructus Solani melongenae usually occurring, growth is sent out Educate bad, yield decline, there is the phenomenons such as serious in bad, disease, has had a strong impact on facility Fructus Solani melongenae productivity effect and industry Development.By intercropping and interplanting, overcome, repair Comprehensive Control, build suitable planting environment, alleviate soil-borne disease, improve and produce Amount, improves Soil Micro-environment, increases unit are economic benefit simultaneously, keeps the seriality of furnished equipments.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem proposed for background technology, it is an object of the invention to provide the cultural method of a kind of Fructus Solani melongenae intercropping and interplanting.This Invent described method intercropping and interplanting leek (Allium porrum L.), solve soil continuous cropping obstacle, various nutrients in each soil layer of Appropriate application, improve soil micro-loop Border;Make full use of sunlight-heat reaources, improve temperature of shed and illumination, improve Fructus Solani melongenae fruit marketing quality.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
The cultural method of a kind of Fructus Solani melongenae intercropping and interplanting leek (Allium porrum L.), comprises the following steps:
(1) leek (Allium porrum L.) nursery: 8~JIUYUE hole plate seedling growth;
(2) whole ground bedding: apply base manure, wholely, build field planting furrow, lay drip irrigation, mulch film;
(3) leek (Allium porrum L.) field planting: seedling age 40~50 days, leek (Allium porrum L.) survival after transplant also carries out field management;
(4) lay reflex film: canopy room cover film, in canopy, reflective membrane pasted by apron;
(5) eggplant seedling raising, grafting, field planting: after stock is sowed 10~15 days, scion is sowed;Treat that stock 4~6 are true Leaf, sleeve pipe grafting carry out field management when scion 3~5 true leaves;After 15~25 days, intercropping and interplanting is between leek (Allium porrum L.) strain, then limit Ditch groove face lay reflex film;
(6) field management: thermophilic 28~30 DEG C after field planting, a temperature 22~25 DEG C in daytime after living, night temperature 15~18 DEG C;Bloom Fruiting period temperature in daytime 25~30 DEG C, night temperature 16~20 DEG C;After door eggplant setting, extract below door eggplant all side shoots and Lao Ye, in conjunction with Water and spread manuer in holes fertilizer once;After eggplant setting, extract all blades of below Lao Ye, sick leaf and door eggplant, spread manuer in holes fertilizer once;
(7) gathering: leek (Allium porrum L.) 3~April gather, Fructus Solani melongenae reaches commodity maturation and gathers early.
Base manure described in step (2) is that decomposed manure (or organic commercial fertilizer) adds NPK, described in become thoroughly decomposed organic Fertile consumption is 2000~3000 kilograms every mu, and the consumption of described organic commercial fertilizer is 500~800 kilograms every mu, described ternary The consumption of compound fertilizer's (PNK >=30%) is 40~60 kilograms every mu.
In step (5), eggplant seedling raising uses the open country that organic substrate hole plate seedling growth, described stock selection affinity and disease resistance are strong Raw eggplant veriety, such as Solanum Torvum etc., after hoting water treatment of seeds, then it is 3~8 little to soak seed with the gibberellins of 300mg/L~500mg/L Time, after rinsing well, accelerating germination, it is seeded in seedlings nursing plate after germination, cotyledon is transplanted seedlings to hole tray after launching;Ingraftment seed is hoted water treatment of seeds Rear accelerating germination, is seeded in seedlings nursing plate after germination, cotyledon is transplanted seedlings to hole tray after launching.
Described in step (5), the process of sleeve pipe grafting is: above described stock first or second true leaf, with 30 ° angular on cut Become inclined-plane, remove top;Cut-off part puts grafting specialized barrel, and sleeve pipe is slightly above stock otch;Scion is second or the 3rd Below true leaf, with 30 ° angular under be whittled into inclined-plane, remove bottom, insert sleeve pipe so that scion tangent plane is kissed completely with stock tangent plane Close, insert firmly.
In step (6) after door eggplant setting, the fertilizer imposed and consumption thereof are every mu of NPK of spreading manuer in holes (PNK >=30%) 20~30 kilograms;After eggplant setting, the fertilizer imposed and consumption thereof be every mu of NPK of spreading manuer in holes (PNK >=30%) 15~ 20 kilograms.
In step (1) during leek (Allium porrum L.) nursery, use organic substrate hole plate seedling growth.Detailed process is: hot water treatment of seeds, and clear water soaks Bubble, dry after sow.Every cave 1~2, cover stromal thickness 0.5~1.0 centimetres, covered with sunshade net, throw off and cover after emerging Cover material.
Field planting furrow described in step (2) are wide 50~70 centimetres, and furrow are high 15~20 centimetres.
During step (3) leek (Allium porrum L.) field planting, every ridge cultivation plants 3 row, spacing in the rows 15~20 centimetres;Fructus Solani melongenae intercropping and interplanting fragrant-flowered garlic in step (5) Time between Herba Alii fistulosi strain, every furrow two row, spacing in the rows 40~50 centimetres, interlock and plant.
Described in step (3), the process of field management is: water in time after field planting, pour seedling recovering water after 3~5 days, enters stem and leaf Trophophase, keep soil see dry see wet.
Described in step (5), the process of field management is: seedbed cover film, sunshade net after grafting, keeps air the wettest Degree 90~95%, daytime temperature 25~26 DEG C, night temperature 20~22 DEG C;It is gradually increased light application time, after 6~7 days, gradually after 3 days Increasing ventiduct roadbed, relative air humidity 80~90%, holding temperature in daytime 20~28 DEG C, night, temperature was not less than 15 DEG C.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
The present invention takes rational cultivation technique means, builds suitable planting environment, improves eggplant yield and quality, reduces disease Worm endangers, and improves Soil Micro-environment;Make full use of sunlight-heat reaources, improve Fructus Solani melongenae fruit marketing quality, increase unit are economy Benefit, has good ecological benefits.
(1) Fructus Solani melongenae intercropping and interplanting leek (Allium porrum L.), can eliminate continuous cropping obstacle of eggplants, alleviates the harm of the disease pest such as droop, nematicide;Deep-rootedness Crop and shallow root Intercropping, nutrient in each soil layer of Appropriate application, improve Soil Micro-environment;Biological control measure prevents and kill off disease pest danger Evil, reduces Pesticide use, it is ensured that product quality.
(2) Grafted Eggplant nursery, sleeve pipe graft survival rate more than 95%, easy and simple to handle, save time province originally;Select anti-soil-borne disease The wild eggplant veriety of evil is as stock, grafting well developed root system, and growth potential is vigorous, alleviates disease pest harm, improves yield.
(3) lay reflex film, can improve temperature of shed 2~6, rate 15%~30% of DEG C adding lustre to, and improves illumination condition, extends Light application time, improves Fructus Solani melongenae degree of staining.
(4) the inventive method improves the marketing quality of earlier fruit, the early yield relatively ealy maturing culture same period improve 10%~ 15%, benefit increases by 10%~20%.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but does not constitute any limitation of the invention.
One, crops for rotation arrangement: leek (Allium porrum L.) intercropping and interplanting Fructus Solani melongenae.Leek (Allium porrum L.) hole plate seedling growth in August, early October field planting, gather April;Fructus Solani melongenae November is sowed, and late January to early Febuary is colonizated between leek (Allium porrum L.) strain, and 4 to June gathers.
Two, Fruit variety: leek (Allium porrum L.) selects U.S. star-spangled banner leek (Allium porrum L.).Fructus Solani melongenae low temperature resistant, the low light level of selection, the early-maturing variety that quality is excellent, Such as new black coral, black long queue etc..
Three, cultural technigue
(1) leek (Allium porrum L.) nursery
Select 72 hole dishes, organic substrate nursery.After seed is hoted water treatment of seeds, clear water soaks 3 hours, takes out and sows after drying. Every cave 1~2, cover stromal thickness 0.5~1.0 centimetres, patch dish covered with sunshade net, throw off sunshade net after emerging.
(2) whole ground bedding
Booth deep ploughing is suned the earth which has been ploughed up;Applying base manure, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields decomposed manure 2500 kilograms, NPK (PNK >=30%) 50 kilograms, plough rake thin;The bedding of whole ground, 1 meter of 6 meters of booth central operation roads, two furrow are respectively made on both sides, and furrow are wide 60 centimetres, Furrow are high 15 centimetres, furrow width 55 centimetres between furrow;Lay drip irrigation zone, mulch film.
(3) leek (Allium porrum L.) field planting, field management
1, field planting: leek (Allium porrum L.) 3~4 leaf survival after transplants (seedling age 40~50 days).Every drill planting 3 row, spacing in the rows 18 centimetres.
2, field management: water in time after field planting, pour seedling recovering water after 3 days.Enter stem and leaf trophophase, keep soil to see and dry see Wet.
(4) lay reflex film
Greenhouse chamber cover film at the beginning of 11 months, in canopy, reflective membrane pasted by apron;
(5) eggplant seedling raising, grafting
The wild eggplant veriety Solanum Torvum that Fructus Solani melongenae employing organic substrate hole plate seedling growth, stock selection affinity and disease resistance are strong, 11 The first tenday period of a month moon hot water treatment of seeds 15 minutes, then 300mg/L gibberellins is soaked seed 6 hours, rinses well, change temperature-accelerated germination;50% seed Seedlings nursing plate it is seeded in after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally;After 20 days, cotyledon launches to transplant seedlings to 50 hole dishes.Scion relatively stock late sowing 12 days;Lukewarm water soaks Accelerating germination after Zhong, 30% seed is seeded in seedlings nursing plate after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally, cotyledon is transplanted seedlings to 72 hole dishes after launching.5 true leaves of stock, 4 true leaves of scion, sleeve pipe grafting during thick 0.20~0.25 centimetre of stem.1 centimeters above stock rough leaf, along 30 ° It is whittled into inclined-plane on Jiao Xiang, removes top;Cut-off part puts Φ 0.2 centimetre, long 0.8 centimetre of grafting specialized barrel, and sleeve pipe is slightly higher In stock otch;Scion below second true leaf 1 centimeters along 30 ° angular under be whittled into inclined-plane, remove bottom, insert set Pipe so that scion tangent plane fits like a glove with stock tangent plane, inserts firmly.Seedbed cover film, sunshade net after grafting, keep air phase To humidity 90~95%, daytime temperature 25~26 DEG C, night temperature 20~22 DEG C.It is gradually increased light application time, after 6 days, gradually after 3 days Increasing ventiduct roadbed, relative air humidity 80~90%, holding temperature in daytime 20~28 DEG C, night, temperature was not less than 15 DEG C.Grafting 20 After it, intercropping and interplanting is between leek (Allium porrum L.) strain.
(6) Fructus Solani melongenae field planting, field management
1, field planting: select fine day field planting, field planting between leek (Allium porrum L.) strain, every furrow two row, interlock and plant, spacing in the rows 45 centimetres;Gutter groove face Lay reflex film, builds Small plastic shed.
2, field management: thermophilic 28~30 after field planting.After DEG C work, daytime temperature 22~25, DEG C night temperature 15~18;DEG C bloom Fruiting period temperature in daytime 25~30, DEG C night temperature 16~20.Keep ground moistening, fruit expanding period before DEG C setting, increase irrigation amount; After door eggplant setting, extract all side shoots and Lao Ye below door eggplant, in conjunction with watering, spread manuer in holes fertilizer once, dose is every mu and spreads manuer in holes NPK (PNK >=30%) 25 kilograms;After eggplant setting, extract all blades of below Lao Ye, sick leaf and door eggplant, cave Once, dose is every mu of NPK of spreading manuer in holes (PNK >=30%) 18 kilograms to fertilising material.
(7) gather
Cauloid of gathering in leek (Allium porrum L.) 3~April lists.Fructus Solani melongenae reaches commodity maturation and gathers early, and collecting time with morning or is advisable at dusk.

Claims (8)

1. the cultural method of a Fructus Solani melongenae intercropping and interplanting leek (Allium porrum L.), it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) leek (Allium porrum L.) nursery: 8~JIUYUE hole plate seedling growth;
(2) whole ground bedding: apply base manure, wholely, build field planting furrow, lay drip irrigation, mulch film;
(3) leek (Allium porrum L.) field planting: seedling age 40~50 days, leek (Allium porrum L.) survival after transplant also carries out field management;
(4) lay reflex film: canopy room cover film, in canopy, reflective membrane pasted by apron;
(5) eggplant seedling raising, grafting, field planting: after stock is sowed 10~15 days, scion is sowed;Treat stock 4~6 true leaves, sleeve pipe grafting carry out field management when scion 3~5 true leaves;After 15~25 days, intercropping and interplanting is between leek (Allium porrum L.) strain, then gutter groove face lay reflex film;
(6) field management: thermophilic 28~30 DEG C after field planting, a temperature 22~25 DEG C in daytime after living, night temperature 15~18 DEG C;Temperature in daytime phase of yielding positive results 25~30 DEG C, night temperature 16~20 DEG C;After door eggplant bears fruit, extract below door eggplant all side shoots and Lao Ye, spread manuer in holes fertilizer in conjunction with watering once;After eggplant is beared fruit, extract all blades of below Lao Ye, sick leaf and door eggplant, spread manuer in holes fertilizer once;
(7) gathering: leek (Allium porrum L.) 3~April gather, Fructus Solani melongenae reaches commodity maturation and gathers early;
In step (5), eggplant seedling raising uses organic substrate hole plate seedling growth, described stock selects affinity and the strong wild eggplant veriety of disease resistance, after hoting water treatment of seeds, soak seed 3~8 hours with the gibberellins of 300mg/L~500mg/L again, after rinsing well, accelerating germination, is seeded in seedlings nursing plate after germination, cotyledon is transplanted seedlings to hole tray after launching;Ingraftment seed hot water treatment of seeds after accelerating germination, be seeded in seedlings nursing plate after germination, cotyledon is transplanted seedlings to hole tray after launching;
Described in step (5), the process of sleeve pipe grafting is: above described stock first or second true leaf, with 30 ° angular on be whittled into inclined-plane, remove top;Cut-off part puts grafting specialized barrel, and sleeve pipe is slightly above stock otch;Scion below second or the 3rd true leaf, with 30 ° angular under be whittled into inclined-plane, remove bottom, insert sleeve pipe so that scion tangent plane fits like a glove with stock tangent plane, inserts firmly.
The cultural method of Fructus Solani melongenae intercropping and interplanting leek (Allium porrum L.) the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the base manure described in step (2) is decomposed manure or organic commercial fertilizer adds NPK, the consumption of described decomposed manure is 2000~3000 kilograms every mu, the consumption of described organic commercial fertilizer is 500~800 kilograms every mu, PNK >=30% of described NPK, the consumption of this NPK is 40~60 kilograms every mu.
The cultural method of Fructus Solani melongenae intercropping and interplanting leek (Allium porrum L.) the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that after door eggplant bears fruit in step (6), the fertilizer imposed and NPK 20 that consumption is every mu of PNK >=30% of spreading manuer in holes thereof~30 kilograms;After eggplant is beared fruit, the fertilizer imposed and NPK 15 that consumption is every mu of PNK >=30% of spreading manuer in holes thereof~20 kilograms.
The cultural method of Fructus Solani melongenae intercropping and interplanting leek (Allium porrum L.) the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (1) during leek (Allium porrum L.) nursery, uses organic substrate hole plate seedling growth.
The cultural method of Fructus Solani melongenae intercropping and interplanting leek (Allium porrum L.) the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the field planting furrow described in step (2) are wide 50~70 centimetres, and furrow are high 15~20 centimetres.
The cultural method of Fructus Solani melongenae intercropping and interplanting leek (Allium porrum L.) the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that during step (3) leek (Allium porrum L.) field planting, every ridge cultivation plants 3 row, spacing in the rows 15~20 centimetres;Time in step (5) between the leek (Allium porrum L.) strain of Fructus Solani melongenae intercropping and interplanting, every furrow two row, spacing in the rows 40~50 centimetres, interlock and plant.
The cultural method of Fructus Solani melongenae intercropping and interplanting leek (Allium porrum L.) the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described in step (3), the process of field management is: water in time after field planting, pour seedling recovering water after 3~5 days, enter stem and leaf trophophase, keep soil see dry see wet.
The cultural method of Fructus Solani melongenae intercropping and interplanting leek (Allium porrum L.) the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described in step (5), the process of field management is: seedbed cover film, sunshade net after grafting, keep relative air humidity 90~95%, daytime temperature 25~26 DEG C, night temperature 20~22 DEG C;Being gradually increased light application time after 3 days, after 6~7 days, be gradually increased ventiduct roadbed, relative air humidity 80~90%, holding temperature in daytime 20~28 DEG C, night, temperature was not less than 15 DEG C.
CN201410272494.9A 2014-06-18 2014-06-18 A kind of cultural method of Fructus Solani melongenae intercropping and interplanting leek (Allium porrum L.) Expired - Fee Related CN104041278B (en)

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CN106818436A (en) * 2016-12-25 2017-06-13 南京市蔬菜科学研究所 A kind of Grafted Eggplant method for culturing seedlings

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