CN105409516A - Year-round production and cultivation method of Cymbidium hybridum - Google Patents
Year-round production and cultivation method of Cymbidium hybridum Download PDFInfo
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- CN105409516A CN105409516A CN201510794746.9A CN201510794746A CN105409516A CN 105409516 A CN105409516 A CN 105409516A CN 201510794746 A CN201510794746 A CN 201510794746A CN 105409516 A CN105409516 A CN 105409516A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The invention discloses a year-round production and cultivation method of Cymbidium hybridum. The method includes cultivation methods at stages of seedling hardening, low seedlings, middle seedlings, high seedlings and flowering time regulation, reasonable regulation of illumination, temperature and fertilizer, treatment through bud picking technology, protecting technology of flower stalks, flower stalk shaping technology and a transportation protecting method. The year-round production and cultivation method provides a scientific basis and a useful reference for the large-scale production of Cymbidium hybridum enterprises.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of plant cultivation, be specifically related to a kind of hybrid cymbidium whole year production cultivation method.
Background technology
Hybrid cymbidium large-scale production is very ripe in developed countries such as America and Europe, Japan, Korea S, forms supporting industrialization production technology system and more stable market.And China hybrid cymbidium industrialization is produced and started late, but development is rapidly, domestic increasing investor competitively in Yunnan, Guangdong, Zhejiang, the ground investment such as Fujian industrialization of carrying out hybrid cymbidium produces, production scale progressively expands.About there is 30-40 house in the hybrid cymbidium potted flower manufacturing enterprise that current output in domestic is greater than 20,000 basins, about annual production reaches 2,800,000 basins.
Yunnan Province is with its superior weather conditions, sturdy Industry Foundation and huge potential consumption market, become the central area of production and selling hybrid cymbidium, and Yunnan Province hybrid cymbidium manufacturing enterprise being groped by long-term and accumulated, define a set of suitable cultivation management technology.Therefore, for the Yunnan, producing region, center that hybrid cymbidium is produced, carrying out practical experience and culture technique investigation, to sum up and integrated, forming the hybrid cymbidium industrialization culture technique that a set of Yunnan Province is comparatively ripe, to providing scientific basis and beneficial reference for the large-scale production of hybrid cymbidium enterprise.
Summary of the invention
For solving the problem, the invention provides a kind of hybrid cymbidium whole year production cultivation method, for the large-scale production of hybrid cymbidium enterprise provides scientific basis and beneficial reference.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is:
Hybrid cymbidium whole year production cultivation method, comprises the steps:
S1, hardening stage
Test-tube plantlet bottle outlet is placed on illumination 2000-3000lux, in the planting environment of temperature 18-26 DEG C after one week, opens bottle cap, continue hardening two weeks and just can transplant by bottle outlet, hardening to avoid period as far as possible winter temperature lower time, spring or summer can be selected to carry out;
S2, seedling stage
Seedling refers to that hybrid cymbidium plantlet in vitro is from bottle outlet to the stage growing 12-14 month natural environment
S21, adopt broken bottle to get the method for seedling, the hybrid cymbidium plantlet in vitro of hardening is taken out, then puts into clear water and clean, wash away the medium of below kind of ball plant root, can not cleaning blade part, to prevent courses of infection, fully dry after cleaning;
S22, plant in the soft basin of 5 × 5cm or porous cave dish by cleaning the seedling strain of drying, be placed on seedbed, small size pine bark is placed in soft basin or dish bottom, porous cave, in basin, remaining space inserts the pine bark of 0.3-0.5cm, and compacting, the depth of planting is just that seedling pseudobulb base portion is substantially concordant with cultivation matrix; Water immediately after cultivation;
S23, when seedling strain 5 × 5cm basin or porous cave dish in growth 6 months after, seedling strain moved in 9 × 9cm basin, method for planting is identical with step S23, but cultivation matrix is 0.5-1.0cm pine bark;
In described step S2 seedling growth night temperature remain on 15-18 DEG C, day temperature should maintain 22-28 DEG C; In natural environment first 3 months of the plant of the complete firm plantation of hardening, intensity of illumination remains on 10000-20000lux; From 4th month, ambient lighting remained on 25000-30000lux; Seedling water requirement is less, within one day, waters a water, keeps root moistening, spray painting about 20 minutes, but will depending on weather condition; 30 days slow-release fertilizer 2g used by seedling every basin in 5cm × 5cm basin; 180 days slow-release fertilizer 4g are used in 9 × 9cm basin; Test-tube plantlet bottle outlet after 1 month every 10d spray 0.1% liquid inorganic fertilizer (N: P: K=1: 1: 1) and a bactericide or insecticide used in combination; Vigorous growth 4, May applies to be rich in the fertilizer of nitrogen, can spread fertilizer over the fields dish cake and bone meal ratio is the fertilizer of 2: 1, spray weekly inorganic, fluid fertilizer (1000ppm) once, the ratio of its nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is 1: 1: 1;
S3, middle seedling stage
Middle seedling refers to that hybrid cymbidium plant grew into the stage of 24-26 month in natural environment from 12-14 month
After seedling grows 6 months in 9 × 9cm basin, seedling strain is carefully taken out from former basin device (noting not hurting root), then first in 12 × 12cm flexible plastic basin, a small amount of medium size pine bark is added, again blue seedling to be planted is put into gently, continue to insert pine tree to distance basin bead 1-1.5 centimetre, by pine tree compacting, the plant planted after being placed on cave dish again unification be positioned on seedbed and cultivate;
Plant strain growth environment temperature at night remains on 12-15 DEG C, day temperature should maintain 25-30 DEG C; Plant strain growth ambient lighting remains on 45000-50000lux; Within one day, water 1 time, a 20-30 minute, generally carries out in the morning of fine day, but sometimes needs one day twice vigorous summer in evaporation;
Plant grows after 6 months in 12 × 12cm basin, applies the slow release fertilizer 8g of 180d; The slow release fertilizer 16g of 270d is applied when plant moves to 18 × 18cm basin; Apply in eugonic 4, May the fertilizer being rich in nitrogen, spread fertilizer over the fields dish cake with bone meal ratio is the fertilizer of 2: 1, while spray weekly nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio be 1: 1: 1 inorganic, fluid fertilizer (1000ppm) 1 time or 2 times; After entering June, every 7-10 days sprays the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 1 time 0.3%, and pseudobulb is enriched;
S4, seedlings stage
Hybrid cymbidium seedlings refer to after bottle outlet, to grow the plant that 24-26 month grows 36-38 month stage after bottle outlet natural environment.
After middle seedling grows 12-14 month in 12 × 12cm basin, enter the seedlings stage, need be transplanted in 18 × 18cm rigid plastics basin, if in seedlings process of growth, the root of plant strain growth stalwartness has been covered with whole basin device again, the free growing space of root system is made to become again very narrow and small, seedling strain need be moved in the basin of 20 × 20cm or larger, method for planting is with middle seedling, cultivation matrix adopts the pine bark of 1.0-1.5cm, when seedling strain moves in rigid plastics basin, need to be hung and be positioned on seedbed, during placement, adopt the method for " trigonometric expression " to place; Such laying method not only can meet space requirement during seedling strain growth, and the cultivation space on seedbed is fully utilized.
Plant strain growth environment temperature at night remains on 10-15 DEG C, day temperature should maintain 20-30 DEG C; Plant strain growth ambient lighting remains on 65000-70000lux, within one day, waters 1 time, and once spray 20-30min, but sometimes needs one day twice vigorous summer in evaporation, generally carries out in the morning of fine day,
When plant grows the slow release fertilizer 20g of 9 months after-applied 180d in 18 × 18cm basin; Apply in eugonic 4, May the fertilizer being rich in nitrogen, spread fertilizer over the fields dish cake with bone meal ratio is the fertilizer of 2: 1, while spray weekly nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio be the inorganic, fluid fertilizer (1000ppm) of 1: 1: 1 once or twice; After entering June, every 7-10 days sprays the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of a time 0.3%, and pseudobulb is enriched;
S5, florescence control
After hybrid cymbidium plantlet in vitro grows 36-38 month in natural environment, enter the flowering phase of plant, the regulation and control of this stage environment factor have vital impact for blooming of hybrid cymbidium.
In the hybrid cymbidium plant flower bud differentiation stage, day temperature controls below 30 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is below 20 DEG C, and day and night temperature remains on 10 DEG C, easily produces bud; The hybrid cymbidium preparing to allow New Year's Day or Spring Festival open need carry out high mountain and get over the summer: mountain area hybrid cymbidium being moved to height above sea level 800-1000 rice at the beginning of late June or 7 months, alpine region nocturnal temperature is low, temperature difference per day is large, and illumination is strong, is conducive to the normal development growth of flower arrow; To accelerate the formation of bud, under the condition ensureing day and night temperature, temperature at night need be improved, makes it remain on 20-22 DEG C; In bennet elongating stage, day temperature remains on 18-20 DEG C, and night temperatures remains on 10-18 DEG C; If day temperature remains on more than 25 DEG C, night, temperature was more than 15 DEG C, can shift to an earlier date the florescence; If day temperature is no more than 25 DEG C, night, temperature remained on 10-12 DEG C, can postpone the florescence;
In the hybrid cymbidium plant blossom stage, the ambient lighting of growth remains on 65000-70000lux;
Flowering stage, control was watered, and reduced irrigation times, within 2-3 days, watered 1 water.
Apply phosphorous, that potash fertilizer is higher fertilizer early stage in flower bud differentiation, spread fertilizer over the fields dish cake and bone meal ratio is the fertilizer of 1: 1, while spray weekly nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio be the inorganic, fluid fertilizer (1000ppm) of 1: 4: 2 once; Starting the 7-8 month to stop fertilising, making plant proceed to reproductive growth from nourishing and growing; In autumn, after flower arrow extracted out, enrich nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio be 1: 1: 1: the fertile or 6-8g slow-release fertilizer of equilibrium;
Wherein, also comprise bud picking technology, run through whole production cultivation, within every 30 days, carry out a bud picking job, seedling and large seedling stage in Growth of Cymbidium hybridum, except determining the leaf bud that will retain or bud, other bud all will be erased, that will smear during bud picking is thorough, and hand also needs after breaking leaf bud leaf bud growing point part to be cut out completely with instrument.
Wherein, also comprise colored arrow resist technology: when flower arrow grows to 1-5cm just can on basin base portion cover the plastic sheet of hard; to ensure flower arrow safety and orthostatic; the wide 10cm of plastic sheet, length adjustable, when flower arrow grow to certain altitude bloom time; green line rod can be plugged in flowerpot; then flower arrow is fixed on line rod, now, just can removes transparent plastic sheet.
Wherein, can use, so not only reach the object of matrix sterilizing after the boiling of pine bark boiler high temperature, also eliminate the oil substances of pine bark, cultivated species can allow it suction moisture, is conducive to the growth of seedling strain simultaneously.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
1) utilize hybrid cymbidium whole year production culture technique, can be production of flowers and plants enterprise to seedling from hybrid cymbidium bottle outlet hardening, bloom, moulding, a series of processes such as transport provide detailed technological guidance.
2) utilize the present invention can the fertilizing amount of clear understanding different phase flower seedling, moisture content demand and bud picking time, hybrid cymbidium can be grown up smoothly from seedling and blooms.
3) utilize the present invention can complete the colored arrow Modeling Technology of hybrid cymbidium, improve ornamental value and the commercial value of hybrid cymbidium potted flower further.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of simple bud method in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of two bud method in the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
In order to make objects and advantages of the present invention clearly understand, below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
Embodiments provide hybrid cymbidium whole year production cultivation method, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
S1, hardening stage
Test-tube plantlet bottle outlet is placed on illumination 2000-3000lux, in the planting environment of temperature 18-26 DEG C after one week, opens bottle cap, continue hardening two weeks and just can transplant by bottle outlet, hardening to avoid period as far as possible winter temperature lower time, spring or summer can be selected to carry out;
S2, seedling stage
Seedling refers to that hybrid cymbidium plantlet in vitro is from bottle outlet to the stage growing 12-14 month natural environment
S21, adopt broken bottle to get the method for seedling, the hybrid cymbidium plantlet in vitro of hardening is taken out, then puts into clear water and clean, wash away the medium of below kind of ball plant root, can not cleaning blade part, to prevent courses of infection, fully dry after cleaning;
S22, plant in the soft basin of 5 × 5cm or porous cave dish by cleaning the seedling strain of drying, be placed on seedbed, small size pine bark is placed in soft basin or dish bottom, porous cave, in basin, remaining space inserts the pine bark of 0.3-0.5cm, and compacting, the depth of planting is just that seedling pseudobulb base portion is substantially concordant with cultivation matrix; Water immediately after cultivation;
S23, when seedling strain 5 × 5cm basin or porous cave dish in growth 6 months after, seedling strain moved in 9 × 9cm basin, method for planting is identical with step S23, but cultivation matrix is 0.5-1.0cm pine bark;
In described step S2 seedling growth night temperature remain on 15-18 DEG C, day temperature should maintain 22-28 DEG C; In natural environment first 3 months of the plant of the complete firm plantation of hardening, intensity of illumination remains on 10000-20000lux; From 4th month, ambient lighting remained on 25000-30000lux; Seedling water requirement is less, within one day, waters a water, keeps root moistening, spray painting about 20 minutes, but will depending on weather condition; 30 days slow-release fertilizer 2g used by seedling every basin in 5cm × 5cm basin; 180 days slow-release fertilizer 4g are used in 9 × 9cm basin; Test-tube plantlet bottle outlet after 1 month every 10d spray 0.1% liquid inorganic fertilizer (N: P: K=1: 1: 1) and a bactericide or insecticide used in combination; Vigorous growth 4, May applies to be rich in the fertilizer of nitrogen, can spread fertilizer over the fields dish cake and bone meal ratio is the fertilizer of 2: 1, spray weekly inorganic, fluid fertilizer (1000ppm) once, the ratio of its nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is 1: 1: 1;
S3, middle seedling stage
Middle seedling refers to that hybrid cymbidium plant grew into the stage of 24-26 month in natural environment from 12-14 month
After seedling grows 6 months in 9 × 9cm basin, seedling strain is carefully taken out from former basin device (noting not hurting root), then first in 12 × 12cm flexible plastic basin, a small amount of medium size pine bark is added, again blue seedling to be planted is put into gently, continue to insert pine tree to distance basin bead 1-1.5 centimetre, by pine tree compacting, the plant planted after being placed on cave dish again unification be positioned on seedbed and cultivate;
Plant strain growth environment temperature at night remains on 12-15 DEG C, day temperature should maintain 25-30 DEG C; Plant strain growth ambient lighting remains on 45000-50000lux; Within one day, water 1 time, a 20-30 minute, generally carries out in the morning of fine day, but sometimes needs one day twice vigorous summer in evaporation;
Plant grows after 6 months in 12 × 12cm basin, applies the slow release fertilizer 8g of 180d; The slow release fertilizer 16g of 270d is applied when plant moves to 18 × 18cm basin; Apply in eugonic 4, May the fertilizer being rich in nitrogen, spread fertilizer over the fields dish cake with bone meal ratio is the fertilizer of 2: 1, while spray weekly nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio be 1: 1: 1 inorganic, fluid fertilizer (1000ppm) 1 time or 2 times; After entering June, every 7-10 days sprays the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 1 time 0.3%, and pseudobulb is enriched;
S4, seedlings stage
Hybrid cymbidium seedlings refer to after bottle outlet, to grow the plant that 24-26 month grows 36-38 month stage after bottle outlet natural environment.
After middle seedling grows 12-14 month in 12 × 12cm basin, enter the seedlings stage, need be transplanted in 18 × 18cm rigid plastics basin, if in seedlings process of growth, the root of plant strain growth stalwartness has been covered with whole basin device again, the free growing space of root system is made to become again very narrow and small, seedling strain need be moved in the basin of 20 × 20cm or larger, method for planting is with middle seedling, cultivation matrix adopts the pine bark of 1.0-1.5cm, when seedling strain moves in rigid plastics basin, need to be hung and be positioned on seedbed, during placement, adopt the method for " trigonometric expression " to place; Such laying method not only can meet space requirement during seedling strain growth, and the cultivation space on seedbed is fully utilized.
Plant strain growth environment temperature at night remains on 10-15 DEG C, day temperature should maintain 20-30 DEG C; Plant strain growth ambient lighting remains on 65000-70000lux, within one day, waters 1 time, and once spray 20-30min, but sometimes needs one day twice vigorous summer in evaporation, generally carries out in the morning of fine day,
When plant grows the slow release fertilizer 20g of 9 months after-applied 180d in 18 × 18cm basin; Apply in eugonic 4, May the fertilizer being rich in nitrogen, spread fertilizer over the fields dish cake with bone meal ratio is the fertilizer of 2: 1, while spray weekly nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio be the inorganic, fluid fertilizer (1000ppm) of 1: 1: 1 once or twice; After entering June, every 7-10 days sprays the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of a time 0.3%, and pseudobulb is enriched;
S5, florescence control
After hybrid cymbidium plantlet in vitro grows 36-38 month in natural environment, enter the flowering phase of plant, the regulation and control of this stage environment factor have vital impact for blooming of hybrid cymbidium.
In the hybrid cymbidium plant flower bud differentiation stage, day temperature controls below 30 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is below 20 DEG C, and day and night temperature remains on 10 DEG C, easily produces bud; The hybrid cymbidium preparing to allow New Year's Day or Spring Festival open need carry out high mountain and get over the summer: mountain area hybrid cymbidium being moved to height above sea level 800-1000 rice at the beginning of late June or 7 months, alpine region nocturnal temperature is low, temperature difference per day is large, and illumination is strong, is conducive to the normal development growth of flower arrow; To accelerate the formation of bud, under the condition ensureing day and night temperature, temperature at night need be improved, makes it remain on 20-22 DEG C; In bennet elongating stage, day temperature remains on 18-20 DEG C, and night temperatures remains on 10-18 DEG C; If day temperature remains on more than 25 DEG C, night, temperature was more than 15 DEG C, can shift to an earlier date the florescence; If day temperature is no more than 25 DEG C, night, temperature remained on 10-12 DEG C, can postpone the florescence;
In the hybrid cymbidium plant blossom stage, the ambient lighting of growth remains on 65000-70000lux;
Flowering stage, control was watered, and reduced irrigation times, within 2-3 days, watered 1 water.
Apply phosphorous, that potash fertilizer is higher fertilizer early stage in flower bud differentiation, spread fertilizer over the fields dish cake and bone meal ratio is the fertilizer of 1: 1, while spray weekly nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio be the inorganic, fluid fertilizer (1000ppm) of 1: 4: 2 once; Starting the 7-8 month to stop fertilising, making plant proceed to reproductive growth from nourishing and growing; In autumn, after flower arrow extracted out, enrich nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio be 1: 1: 1: the fertile or 6-8g slow-release fertilizer of equilibrium;
Also comprise bud picking technology, run through whole production cultivation, within every 30 days, carry out a bud picking job, seedling and large seedling stage in Growth of Cymbidium hybridum, except determining the leaf bud that will retain or bud, other bud all will be erased, and that will smear during bud picking is thorough, and hand also needs after breaking leaf bud leaf bud growing point part to be cut out completely with instrument.
In hybrid cymbidium industrialization cultivation, mainly contain " simple bud method " and " two bud method " two kinds stays bud mode at present.
(1) simple bud method
If plant growing way is more weak, pseudobulb Middle nutrition is inadequate, and this makes limited nutrition concentrate in less pseudobulb with regard to needing, thus makes it form looser pseudobulb in the maturing stage, so such plant is applicable to adopting simple bud method to carry out staying bud, specific practice and stay bud to see Fig. 1 period.
(2) two bud method
If the growing way of plant is vigorous, robust growth, pseudobulb Middle nutrition is sufficient, such plant can leave slightly many leaf buds, thus the seedling that can make to bloom produces more flower arrow, so such plant can adopt two bud method to carry out staying bud, specific practice and stay bud to see Fig. 2 period.
Also comprise colored arrow resist technology: when flower arrow grows to 1-5cm just can on basin base portion cover the plastic sheet of hard; to ensure flower arrow safety and orthostatic; the wide 10cm of plastic sheet; length adjustable; when flower arrow grow to certain altitude bloom time, can plug toward flowerpot in green line rod, then flower arrow is fixed on line rod; now, just transparent plastic sheet can be removed.
Can use after the boiling of pine bark boiler high temperature, so not only reach the object of matrix sterilizing, also eliminate the oil substances of pine bark, cultivated species can allow it suction moisture, is conducive to the growth of seedling strain simultaneously.
Also comprise colored arrow Modeling Technology, carry out in the petal phase, its sculpting method of the hybrid cymbidium of erect type has two kinds: a kind of is according to its growth pattern originally, several green iron wire bars are inserted in basin, spray is strapped on iron, general spray concentrates on flowerpot central authorities, can view and admire on four sides, and this moulding is the simplest; Another kind is that spray is shaped to waterfall type, according to spray number and growth direction, select most suitable moulding face, the green iron wire bar of respective number is inserted in basin, iron wire bar inserts about 10-15cm in basin, iron, as far as possible near spray, can avoid iron and the bennet distance spray that fractures too greatly like this during bending bennet.During moulding from viewing and admiring the most left of face or rightmost, left hand four refers to hold iron bottom, and thumb firmly upwards withstands iron wire, is bending impetus herein, determines moulded height.The right hand then pulls down bending iron bar by certain dynamics, and make it form certain radian in thumb top leftward, bending degree is determined according to the needs of moulding.By gradually firmly bending of the bennet on most limit, further iron then bondage, and noting firmly can not be too quickly, must not break bennet.After all iron wire colligations are good, line rod can be moved left and right slightly, allow it evenly come in a plane.The hybrid cymbidium cost ratio erect type of Waterfall type often exceed 2-3 doubly.
Tassel orchid divides two kinds of moulding according to the length of its bennet, and one is nature brace type, and one is colligation waterfall type.For the kind that bennet is shorter, mainly support its bennet with the iron wire of clip type rod when moulding, and allow all bennets concentrate on one to view and admire on face as far as possible.Another kind of similar with the moulding of Waterfall type hybrid cymbidium, but the height of moulding plane is low many, because the bennet of sagging type is soft, so be easier to during colligation bennet, and due to the bennet of sagging type more, the Waterfall type can also viewed and admired for four sides.
Erect type hybrid cymbidium is directly inserted in bottom flowerpot with columnar plastic foil, toward being pulled to line rod top, just can effectively protect flower and blade; The waterfall moulding of tassel orchid and hybrid cymbidium then needs to fix flowerpot with custom-designed packing box, being unlikely to wave and rocking flower of damaging, the spray of tassel orchid can also be got up with plastic film sleeve to protect the bennet in carton further; Because the packing box scale of construction is large, for saving transport space, also can transport after the layering of carrier vehicle yoke
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. hybrid cymbidium whole year production cultivation method, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
S1, hardening stage
Test-tube plantlet bottle outlet is placed on illumination 2000-3000lux, in the planting environment of temperature 18-26 DEG C after one week, opens bottle cap, continue hardening two weeks and just can transplant by bottle outlet, hardening to avoid period as far as possible winter temperature lower time, spring or summer can be selected to carry out;
S2, seedling stage
S21, adopt broken bottle to get the method for seedling, the hybrid cymbidium plantlet in vitro of hardening is taken out, then puts into clear water and clean, wash away the medium of below kind of ball plant root, can not cleaning blade part, to prevent courses of infection, fully dry after cleaning;
S22, plant in the soft basin of 5 × 5cm or porous cave dish by cleaning the seedling strain of drying, be placed on seedbed, small size pine bark is placed in soft basin or dish bottom, porous cave, in basin, remaining space inserts the pine bark of 0.3-0.5cm, and compacting, the depth of planting is just that seedling pseudobulb base portion is substantially concordant with cultivation matrix; Water immediately after cultivation;
S23, when seedling strain 5 × 5cm basin or porous cave dish in growth 6 months after, seedling strain moved in 9 × 9cm basin, method for planting is identical with step S23, but cultivation matrix is 0.5-1.0cm pine bark;
In described step S2 seedling growth night temperature remain on 15-18 DEG C, day temperature should maintain 22-28 DEG C; In natural environment first 3 months of the plant of the complete firm plantation of hardening, intensity of illumination remains on 10000-20000lux; From 4th month, ambient lighting remained on 25000-30000lux; Seedling water requirement is less, within one day, waters a water, keeps root moistening, spray painting about 20 minutes, but will depending on weather condition; 30 days slow-release fertilizer 2g used by seedling every basin in 5cm × 5cm basin; 180 days slow-release fertilizer 4g are used in 9 × 9cm basin; Test-tube plantlet bottle outlet after 1 month every 10d spray 0.1% liquid inorganic fertilizer (N: P: K=1: 1: 1) and a bactericide or insecticide used in combination; Vigorous growth 4, May applies to be rich in the fertilizer of nitrogen, can spread fertilizer over the fields dish cake and bone meal ratio is the fertilizer of 2: 1, spray weekly inorganic, fluid fertilizer (1000ppm) once, the ratio of its nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is 1: 1: 1;
S3, middle seedling stage
After seedling grows 6 months in 9 × 9cm basin, seedling strain is carefully taken out from former basin device, then first in 12 × 12cm flexible plastic basin, a small amount of medium size pine bark is added, again blue seedling to be planted is put into gently, continue to insert pine tree to distance basin bead 1-1.5 centimetre, by pine tree compacting, the plant planted after being placed on cave dish again unification be positioned on seedbed and cultivate;
Plant strain growth environment temperature at night remains on 12-15 DEG C, day temperature should maintain 25-30 DEG C; Plant strain growth ambient lighting remains on 45000-50000lux; Within one day, water 1 time, a 20-30 minute;
Plant grows after 6 months in 12 × 12cm basin, applies the slow release fertilizer 8g of 180d; The slow release fertilizer 16g of 270d is applied when plant moves to 18 × 18cm basin; Apply in eugonic 4, May the fertilizer being rich in nitrogen, spread fertilizer over the fields dish cake with bone meal ratio is the fertilizer of 2: 1, while spray weekly nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio be 1: 1: 1 inorganic, fluid fertilizer (1000ppm) 1 time or 2 times; After entering June, every 7-10 days sprays the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 1 time 0.3%, and pseudobulb is enriched;
S4, seedlings stage
Hybrid cymbidium seedlings refer to after bottle outlet, to grow the plant that 24-26 month grows 36-38 month stage after bottle outlet natural environment.
After middle seedling grows 12-14 month in 12 × 12cm basin, enter the seedlings stage, need be transplanted in 18 × 18cm rigid plastics basin, if in seedlings process of growth, the root of plant strain growth stalwartness has been covered with whole basin device again, the free growing space of root system is made to become again very narrow and small, seedling strain need be moved in the basin of 20 × 20cm or larger, method for planting is with middle seedling, cultivation matrix adopts the pine bark of 1.0-1.5cm, when seedling strain moves in rigid plastics basin, need to be hung and be positioned on seedbed, during placement, adopt the method for " trigonometric expression " to place;
Plant strain growth environment temperature at night remains on 10-15 DEG C, day temperature should maintain 20-30 DEG C; Plant strain growth ambient lighting remains on 65000-70000lux, within one day, waters 1 time, and once spray 20-30min;
When plant grows the slow release fertilizer 20g of 9 months after-applied 180d in 18 × 18cm basin; Apply in eugonic 4, May the fertilizer being rich in nitrogen, spread fertilizer over the fields dish cake with bone meal ratio is the fertilizer of 2: 1, while spray weekly nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio be the inorganic, fluid fertilizer (1000ppm) of 1: 1: 1 once or twice; After entering June, every 7-10 days sprays the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of a time 0.3%, and pseudobulb is enriched;
S5, florescence control
In the hybrid cymbidium plant flower bud differentiation stage, day temperature controls below 30 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is below 20 DEG C, and day and night temperature remains on 10 DEG C, easily produces bud; The hybrid cymbidium preparing to allow New Year's Day or Spring Festival open need carry out high mountain and get over the summer: mountain area hybrid cymbidium being moved to height above sea level 800-1000 rice at the beginning of late June or 7 months, alpine region nocturnal temperature is low, temperature difference per day is large, and illumination is strong, is conducive to the normal development growth of flower arrow; To accelerate the formation of bud, under the condition ensureing day and night temperature, temperature at night need be improved, makes it remain on 20-22 DEG C; In bennet elongating stage, day temperature remains on 18-20 DEG C, and night temperatures remains on 10-18 DEG C; If day temperature remains on more than 25 DEG C, night, temperature was more than 15 DEG C, can shift to an earlier date the florescence; If day temperature is no more than 25 DEG C, night, temperature remained on 10-12 DEG C, can postpone the florescence;
In the hybrid cymbidium plant blossom stage, the ambient lighting of growth remains on 65000-70000lux;
Flowering stage, control was watered, and reduced irrigation times, within 2-3 days, watered 1 water.
Apply phosphorous, that potash fertilizer is higher fertilizer early stage in flower bud differentiation, spread fertilizer over the fields dish cake and bone meal ratio is the fertilizer of 1: 1, while spray weekly nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio be the inorganic, fluid fertilizer (1000ppm) of 1: 4: 2 once; Starting the 7-8 month to stop fertilising, making plant proceed to reproductive growth from nourishing and growing; In autumn, after flower arrow extracted out, enrich nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio be 1: 1: 1: the fertile or 6-8g slow-release fertilizer of equilibrium.
2. hybrid cymbidium whole year production cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, also comprise bud picking technology, run through whole production cultivation, within every 30 days, carry out a bud picking job, seedling and large seedling stage in Growth of Cymbidium hybridum, except determining the leaf bud that will retain or bud, other bud all will be erased, and that will smear during bud picking is thorough, and hand also needs after breaking leaf bud leaf bud growing point part to be cut out completely with instrument.
3. hybrid cymbidium whole year production cultivation method according to claim 1; it is characterized in that; also comprise colored arrow resist technology: when flower arrow grows to 1-5cm just can on basin base portion cover the plastic sheet of hard, to ensure flower arrow safety and orthostatic, the wide 10cm of plastic sheet; length adjustable; when flower arrow grow to certain altitude bloom time, can plug toward flowerpot in green line rod, then flower arrow is fixed on line rod; now, just transparent plastic sheet can be removed.
4. hybrid cymbidium whole year production cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described in, can use after the boiling of pine bark boiler high temperature.
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