CN112056170A - Method for breeding and protecting orchids - Google Patents
Method for breeding and protecting orchids Download PDFInfo
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- CN112056170A CN112056170A CN202010810991.5A CN202010810991A CN112056170A CN 112056170 A CN112056170 A CN 112056170A CN 202010810991 A CN202010810991 A CN 202010810991A CN 112056170 A CN112056170 A CN 112056170A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
- A01G22/63—Orchids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/10—Devices for affording protection against animals, birds or other pests
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
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- Birds (AREA)
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for breeding and protecting orchids, which comprises the following steps of seed selection, cultivation, transplantation and maintenance: seed selection: screening the orchid plants which are free of diseases and located in adulthood. The method for breeding and protecting the orchid plants comprises the steps of selecting pseudo bulbs of the orchid plants as breeding roots, protecting the orchid plants from being damaged, breeding a large number of orchid plants, avoiding the endangered tendency of certain orchid plant varieties, ensuring that the early growth weak period of the orchid plants is stable and excessive by initially potting and raising seedlings, transplanting the orchid plants to a natural environment which is specified to be protected and suitable for the growth of the orchid plants, artificially protecting, fertilizing, maintaining and breeding according to a scientific mode to enable the orchid plants to be rapidly amplified, and continuously transplanting the amplified germplasm resources to the natural environment suitable for the growth of the orchid plants, so that the orchid plants are really protected, and the natural ecological environment of the orchid plants can be restored and reconstructed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of species breeding and protection, in particular to a method for breeding and protecting orchids.
Background
In orchids, all species are appendix species of International convention on trade for endangered wild animals and plants. Numerous works have been done in various countries to protect orchids, but so far the effect has been very little. At present, three methods for protecting orchids are summarized, and one method is to forbid digging and picking. Related countries have clear text regulations and even corresponding measures, but the method is difficult to prevent the 'underground hunting team' searched by the orchids from going up mountains because the orchids have great economic value, and the orchids are still openly dug in many places; secondly, these orchid plants are transferred from the wild environment to a manually controlled protected base. The scale of some bases reaches as much as several hundred acres, but because of the large-area artificial base, the natural environmental conditions required by the growth of various orchids cannot be achieved, particularly the species growing in special environments grow in the centralized artificial base and are difficult to propagate normally even if the species grow inexhaustibly; meanwhile, the method invisibly accelerates excavation and destruction of wild orchid resources on one hand, and on the other hand, a large amount of manpower, physical strength and financial resources are consumed for establishing a base and maintaining the normal operation of the base, and the bases finally fail to be maintained; third, no sale, wild orchids have been listed by international convention for banning sale, but this has led to special concerns about orchids on the other hand, and even to underground competition for some rare orchids.
In the aspect of tissue cloning and rapid propagation technology of orchids in China, a small number of people can rapidly propagate orchids by utilizing plant tissue cloning technology, aseptic seed germination technology of orchids and test tube rapid propagation technology, at present, the propagated seedlings are mostly transferred into pots for potted plant propagation, and the seedlings can be mature within about 5 years for potted plants. The cultivation of orchid seedlings is particularly delicate and takes such a long time, which is certainly particularly costly. The method cannot be widely popularized in the protection and breeding of the orchids at all, so that the method is improved to provide a method for breeding and protecting the orchids.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a method for breeding and protecting orchids, which comprises the following steps:
the process steps of the propagation and protection of the orchids comprise seed selection, cultivation, transplantation and maintenance:
a. seed selection: screening disease-free orchidaceae plants in the adult stage, selecting proper pseudo bulbs for collection, cleaning with clear water and draining;
b. cultivation: inserting the collected pseudobulb into a shallow box filled with sphagnum substrate, keeping moisture or embedding the pseudobulb into the sphagnum, sealing the pseudobulb with a polyethylene bag, suspending the pseudobulb in a warm room, and sprouting and rooting after several weeks;
c. transplanting: primarily transplanting the seedlings of the orchidaceae plants which bud and root into a perforated orchid pot for culturing, spraying a nutrient solution of a sun-drying microbial inoculum, quantitatively watering at regular time, and placing the seedlings in a direct light-free and direct rain-free place for growing for a period of time;
d. and (3) maintenance: selecting a remote mountain area with proper temperature and humidity, identifying the plot, transplanting the orchid with good pot planting into a natural mountain forest, and regularly checking, maintaining and fertilizing.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step a, the plant of the orchidaceae family suitable for the pseudobulb is selected, the plant is selected in a summer season with vigorous growth, usually 2 buds (hidden buds are arranged at the upper part) are arranged at the lower part of each pseudobulb, only 1 bud is generally germinated each year, the other pseudobulb is in a dormant state, the pseudobulb without roots and leaves is cut, the leaf sheaths on the pseudobulb are removed, and the pseudobulb is washed out by clear water and drained to be used as a cutting.
In the step b, the collected pseudobulb is inserted into a shallow box filled with sphagnum substrate, the pseudobulb is carefully moisturized or embedded in wet sphagnum, the container is sealed by a polyethylene bag, the container is suspended in a warm room, the pseudobulb shoots and roots after a few weeks, each old bulb can grow 1-2 new leaves, then the base of the new bud roots, and the pseudobulb can be carefully cultured to form a new plant.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, in the step c, in order to prevent insects, a layer of nylon net or copper gauze is laid on the inner wall of the cymbidium goeringii pot, a layer of tiles, bone fragments, coarse charcoal or broken bricks are padded at the bottom of the cymbidium goeringii pot, or a layer of water-retaining agent made of super absorbent resin is laid in the cymbidium goeringii pot, so that good water storage and drainage are ensured, the principle of a small seedling small pot and a large seedling large pot is strict, the operation is careful during transplanting, roots and leaves are not damaged, and the small seedling is more important.
In the step c, shallow planting is carried out, the stem or the pseudo bulb needs to be exposed out of the soil surface, the culture medium comprises loam, sphagnum, charcoal, fern rhizome, petiole, bark, coconut husk, broken brick scraps and the like, the seedling can be transplanted with a microbial inoculum nutrient solution, the microbial inoculum nutrient solution comprises amino acid, trace elements, a plurality of fungi and the like, the liquid consumption is 3-5mL each time, the seedling can be watered quantitatively and regularly, and the seedling can be placed in a place without direct light or direct rain for a period of time after being potted.
In the step d, according to the habit of the orchids, selecting the remote mountain forest areas which are warm and moist, warm in winter and cool in summer, wherein the ice is preferably not frozen in winter, the temperature is preferably kept at 3-7 ℃, the temperature is preferably kept at 25-28 ℃ in summer, and the annual rainfall is required to be more than 1000 mm. The black brown slightly acidic soil with loose, fertile, good water permeability and water retention properties, the pH of which is 5-6.5, is required to be deep and thick at the upper layer and rich in humus, and water accumulation is avoided.
In the step d, each orchid potted plant transplanting area is marked in a circle, and according to summer breeding, the common-concentration fertilizer can be applied once in 10-15 days, and the low-concentration fertilizer can be applied for 1 time in 5 days or sprayed on leaf surfaces when the orchid potted plant transplanting area is watered every time.
In the step d, proper amount of organic fertilizer is added into the soil to ensure the fertility of the soil, certain amount of slow release fertilizer and quick-acting fertilizer are added, and certain amount of super absorbent resin is properly mixed during fertilization, so that the water requirement of the orchids is ensured while the fertilizer is increased, and the effect is better than that of single use.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method for breeding and protecting the orchid plants comprises the steps of selecting the pseudo bulbs of the orchid plants as breeding roots, protecting the orchid plants from being damaged, simultaneously breeding a large number of orchid plants, avoiding the endangered tendency of certain orchid plant varieties, carrying out preliminary pot seedling culture, spraying a microbial inoculum nutrient solution to promote the growth and disease-free of the orchid plants, ensuring the stable and excessive fragile stage of the orchid plant seedlings in the early stage, transplanting the orchid plants to a natural environment which is specified and protected and is suitable for the growth of the orchid plants, carrying out artificial protection and nutrient enrichment protection, carrying out breeding protection according to a scientific mode, carrying out rapid amplification on the orchid plants, and continuously transplanting the amplified germplasm resources into the natural environment which is suitable for the growth of the orchid plants, so that the orchid plants are really protected, and the natural ecological environment can be restored and reestablished.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows:
the process steps of the propagation and protection of the orchids comprise seed selection, cultivation, transplantation and maintenance:
a. seed selection: screening disease-free orchidaceae plants in the adult stage, selecting proper pseudo bulbs for collection, cleaning with clear water and draining;
b. cultivation: inserting the collected pseudobulb into a shallow box filled with sphagnum substrate, keeping moisture or embedding the pseudobulb into the sphagnum, sealing the pseudobulb with a polyethylene bag, suspending the pseudobulb in a warm room, and sprouting and rooting after several weeks;
c. transplanting: primarily transplanting the seedlings of the orchidaceae plants which bud and root into a perforated orchid pot for culturing, spraying a nutrient solution of a microbial inoculum, quantitatively watering at regular time, and placing the seedlings in a direct light-free and direct rain-free place for growing for a period of time;
d. and (3) maintenance: selecting a remote mountain area with proper temperature and humidity, identifying the plot, transplanting the orchid with good pot planting into a natural mountain forest, and regularly checking, maintaining and fertilizing.
Preferably, in the step a, the orchid family plant suitable for the pseudobulb is selected, the summer plant is selected to grow in a vigorous season, the lower part of each pseudobulb usually has 2 buds (the upper part also has hidden buds), the lower part of each pseudobulb generally only germinates 1 bud every year, the other pseudobulb is in a dormant state, the pseudobulb without roots and leaves is cut, the leaf sheaths on the pseudobulb are removed, and the pseudobulb is washed out by clean water and drained to be used as a cutting.
Preferably, in the step b, the collected pseudobulbs are inserted into a shallow box filled with a sphagnum medium, the pseudobulbs are carefully kept moist or embedded in the sphagnum medium, the sphagnum medium is sealed by a polyethylene bag, the sphagnum medium is hung in a warm place in a room, the pseudobulbs bud and root after a few weeks, each old bulb can grow 1-2 new leaves, then the bulbs root at the base of the new buds, and the pseudobulbs can be carefully cultured to form a new plant.
Preferably, in the step c, a layer of nylon net or copper gauze is laid on the inner wall of the Koran pot for insect prevention, a layer of tiles, bone chips, coarse charcoal or broken bricks are padded on the bottom of the Koran pot, or a layer of water-retaining agent made of super absorbent resin is laid in the Koran pot, so that good water storage and drainage are ensured, and the principle of a small seedling pot and a large seedling pot is strict, so that careful operation is required during transplanting, roots and leaves are not damaged, and the small seedling is more important.
Preferably, in the step c, shallow planting is carried out, the stem or the pseudobulb needs to be exposed out of the soil surface, the culture medium comprises loam, sphagnum, charcoal, fern rhizome, petiole, bark, coconut husk, broken brick scraps and the like, the seedling can be transplanted with a microbial inoculum nutrient solution, the microbial inoculum nutrient solution comprises amino acid, trace elements, a plurality of fungi and the like, the liquid consumption is 3-5mL each time, the seedling is watered quantitatively and regularly, and the seedling is placed in a direct light-free and direct rain-rain place for a period of time after being potted.
Preferably, in the step d, selecting warm and humid remote mountain areas which are warm in winter and cool in summer according to the habit of the orchids, wherein the ice is preferably not frozen in winter, the temperature is preferably kept at 3-7 ℃, the temperature is preferably kept at 25-28 ℃ in summer, and the annual rainfall is required to be more than 1000 mm. The slightly acidic soil with deep upper layer, rich humus, black brown color, loose fertility, good water permeability and water retention performance is required, the pH is 5-pH6.5, and water accumulation is avoided.
Preferably, in the step d, the area of each orchid pot plant transplantation is marked in a circle, and according to summer breeding, the common-concentration fertilizer can be applied once in 10-15 days, and the low-concentration fertilizer can be applied 1 time in 5 days or sprayed on the leaf surface when watering every time.
Preferably, in the step d, a proper amount of organic fertilizer is added into the soil to ensure the fertility of the soil, a certain amount of slow-release fertilizer and quick-acting fertilizer are added simultaneously, and a certain amount of high water-absorption resin is properly mixed during fertilization, so that the water requirement of the orchidaceae plants is ensured while the fertilizer is increased, and the effect is better than that of single use.
Example two:
the process steps of the propagation and protection of the orchids comprise seed selection, cultivation, transplantation and maintenance:
a. seed selection: screening disease-free orchidaceae plants in the adult stage, selecting proper pseudo bulbs for collection, cleaning with clear water and draining;
b. cultivation: inserting the collected pseudobulb into a shallow box filled with sphagnum substrate, keeping moisture or embedding the pseudobulb into the sphagnum, sealing the pseudobulb with a polyethylene bag, suspending the pseudobulb in a warm room, and sprouting and rooting after several weeks;
c. transplanting: primarily transplanting the seedlings of the orchidaceae plants which bud and root into a perforated orchid pot for culturing, spraying a nutrient solution of a microbial inoculum, quantitatively watering at regular time, and placing the seedlings in a direct light-free and direct rain-free place for growing for a period of time;
d. and (3) maintenance: selecting a remote mountain area with proper temperature and humidity, identifying the plot, transplanting the orchid with good pot planting into a natural mountain forest, and regularly checking, maintaining and fertilizing.
Preferably, in the step a, the orchid family plant suitable for the pseudobulb is selected, the summer plant is selected to grow in a vigorous season, the lower part of each pseudobulb usually has 3 buds (the upper part also has hidden buds), the lower part of each pseudobulb generally only germinates 2 buds per year, the other pseudobulb is in a dormant state, the pseudobulb without roots and leaves is cut, the leaf sheaths on the pseudobulb are removed, and the pseudobulb without roots and leaves is washed out by clean water and drained to be used as the cutting.
Preferably, in the step b, the collected pseudobulbs are inserted into a shallow box filled with a sphagnum medium, the pseudobulbs are carefully kept moist or embedded in the sphagnum medium, the sphagnum medium is sealed by a polyethylene bag, the sphagnum medium is hung in a warm place in a room, the pseudobulbs bud and root after a few weeks, each old bulb can grow 1-3 new leaves, then the bulbs root at the base of the new buds, and the pseudobulbs can be carefully cultured to form a new plant.
Preferably, in the step c, a layer of nylon net or copper gauze is laid on the inner wall of the Koran pot for insect prevention, a layer of tiles, bone chips, coarse charcoal or broken bricks are padded on the bottom of the Koran pot, or a layer of water-retaining agent made of super absorbent resin is laid in the Koran pot, so that good water storage and drainage are ensured, and the principle of a small seedling pot and a large seedling pot is strict, so that careful operation is required during transplanting, roots and leaves are not damaged, and the small seedling is more important.
Preferably, in the step c, shallow planting is carried out, the stem or the pseudobulb needs to be exposed out of the soil surface, the culture medium comprises loam, sphagnum, charcoal, fern rhizome, petiole, bark, coconut husk, broken brick scraps and the like, the seedling can be transplanted with a microbial inoculum nutrient solution, the microbial inoculum nutrient solution comprises amino acid, trace elements, a plurality of fungi and the like, the liquid consumption is 4-6mL each time, the seedling is watered quantitatively and regularly, and the seedling is placed in a direct light-free and direct rain-rain place for a period of time after being potted.
Preferably, in the step d, selecting warm and humid remote mountain areas which are warm in winter and cool in summer according to the habit of the orchids, wherein the ice is preferably not frozen in winter, the temperature is preferably kept between 4 and 8 ℃, the temperature is preferably kept between 26 and 29 ℃ in summer, and the annual rainfall is required to be more than 1100 mm. The slightly acidic soil with deep upper layer, rich humus, black brown color, loose fertility, good water permeability and water retention performance is required, the pH is 5-pH6.5, and water accumulation is avoided.
Preferably, in the step d, the area of each orchid pot plant transplantation is marked in a circle, and according to summer breeding, the common-concentration fertilizer can be applied once in 11-16 days, and the low-concentration fertilizer can be applied 1 time in 6 days or sprayed on the leaf surface when watering every time.
Preferably, in the step d, a proper amount of organic fertilizer is added into the soil to ensure the fertility of the soil, a certain amount of slow-release fertilizer and quick-acting fertilizer are added simultaneously, and a certain amount of high water-absorption resin is properly mixed during fertilization, so that the water requirement of the orchidaceae plants is ensured while the fertilizer is increased, and the effect is better than that of single use.
Example three:
the process steps of the propagation and protection of the orchids comprise seed selection, cultivation, transplantation and maintenance:
a. seed selection: screening disease-free orchidaceae plants in the adult stage, selecting proper pseudo bulbs for collection, cleaning with clear water and draining;
b. cultivation: inserting the collected pseudobulb into a shallow box filled with sphagnum substrate, keeping moisture or embedding the pseudobulb into the sphagnum, sealing the pseudobulb with a polyethylene bag, suspending the pseudobulb in a warm room, and sprouting and rooting after several weeks;
c. transplanting: primarily transplanting the seedlings of the orchidaceae plants which bud and root into a perforated orchid pot for culturing, spraying a nutrient solution of a microbial inoculum, quantitatively watering at regular time, and placing the seedlings in a direct light-free and direct rain-free place for growing for a period of time;
d. and (3) maintenance: selecting a remote mountain area with proper temperature and humidity, identifying the plot, transplanting the orchid with good pot planting into a natural mountain forest, and regularly checking, maintaining and fertilizing.
Preferably, in the step a, selecting the plants suitable for the orchidaceae plants with the pseudobulbs, selecting the plants in summer in vigorous growing seasons, wherein the lower part of each pseudobulb generally has 3 buds (the upper part of each pseudobulb also has hidden buds), the pseudobulb generally germinates 1 bud every year, the other two pseudobulbs are in a dormant state, cutting off the pseudobulb without roots and leaves, stripping off the leaf sheaths on the pseudobulb without roots and leaves, washing with clear water, and draining to obtain the cutting.
Preferably, in the step b, the collected pseudobulbs are inserted into a shallow box filled with a sphagnum medium, the pseudobulbs are carefully kept moist or embedded in the sphagnum medium, the sphagnum medium is sealed by a polyethylene bag, the sphagnum medium is hung in a warm place in a room, the pseudobulbs bud and root after a few weeks, each old bulb can grow 3-4 new leaves, then the bulbs root at the base of the new buds, and the pseudobulbs can be carefully cultured to form a new plant.
Preferably, in the step c, a layer of nylon net or copper gauze is laid on the inner wall of the Koran pot for insect prevention, a layer of tiles, bone chips, coarse charcoal or broken bricks are padded on the bottom of the Koran pot, or a layer of water-retaining agent made of super absorbent resin is laid in the Koran pot, so that good water storage and drainage are ensured, and the principle of a small seedling pot and a large seedling pot is strict, so that careful operation is required during transplanting, roots and leaves are not damaged, and the small seedling is more important.
Preferably, in the step c, shallow planting is carried out, the stem or the pseudobulb needs to be exposed out of the soil surface, the culture medium comprises loam, sphagnum, charcoal, fern rhizome, petiole, bark, coconut husk, broken brick scraps and the like, the seedling can be transplanted with a microbial inoculum nutrient solution, the microbial inoculum nutrient solution comprises amino acid, trace elements, a plurality of fungi and the like, the liquid consumption is 2.5-4.5mL each time, watering is carried out quantitatively and regularly, and the seedling is placed in a direct light-free and direct rain-drench place for a period of time after being potted.
Preferably, in the step d, selecting warm and humid remote mountain areas which are warm in winter and cool in summer according to the habit of the orchids, wherein the ice is preferably kept not to be frozen in winter, the temperature is preferably kept at 3-7 ℃, the temperature is preferably kept at 25-28 ℃ in summer, and the annual rainfall is required to be more than 900 mm. The slightly acidic soil with deep upper layer, rich humus, black brown color, loose fertility, good water permeability and water retention performance is required, the pH is 5-pH6.5, and water accumulation is avoided.
Preferably, in the step d, the area of each orchid pot plant transplantation is marked in a circle, and according to summer breeding, the common-concentration fertilizer can be applied once in 8-13 days, and the low-concentration fertilizer can be applied for 1 time in 2.5 days or sprayed on leaf surfaces when watering every time.
Preferably, in the step d, a proper amount of organic fertilizer is added into the soil to ensure the fertility of the soil, a certain amount of slow-release fertilizer and quick-acting fertilizer are added simultaneously, and a certain amount of high water-absorption resin is properly mixed during fertilization, so that the water requirement of the orchidaceae plants is ensured while the fertilizer is increased, and the effect is better than that of single use.
Finally, it should be noted that: in the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "vertical", "upper", "lower", "horizontal", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the illustrated orientations or positional relationships, and are only used for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and operate, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for breeding and protecting orchids, comprising:
the process steps of the propagation and protection of the orchids comprise seed selection, cultivation, transplantation and maintenance:
a. seed selection: screening disease-free orchidaceae plants in the adult stage, selecting proper pseudo bulbs for collection, cleaning with clear water and draining;
b. cultivation: inserting the collected pseudobulb into a shallow box filled with sphagnum substrate, keeping moisture or embedding the pseudobulb into the sphagnum, sealing the pseudobulb with a polyethylene bag, suspending the pseudobulb in a warm room, and sprouting and rooting after several weeks;
c. transplanting: primarily transplanting the seedlings of the orchidaceae plants which bud and root into a perforated orchid pot for cultivation, spraying a nutrient solution of a fungicide, quantitatively watering at regular time, and placing the seedlings in a direct-light-free and direct-rain-free place for growing for a period of time;
d. and (3) maintenance: selecting a remote mountain area with proper temperature and humidity, identifying the area, transplanting the potted orchid plant into a natural mountain forest, and checking, maintaining and fertilizing periodically.
2. The method for the propagation and protection of orchids according to claim 1, wherein:
in the step a, selecting the orchidaceae plants suitable for the species with the pseudobulbs, selecting summer plants in vigorous growing seasons, wherein the lower part of each pseudobulb generally has 2 buds (the upper part of each pseudobulb also has hidden buds), the pseudobulb generally only germinates 1 bud every year, the other pseudobulb is in a dormant state, cutting off the pseudobulb without roots and leaves, stripping off the leaf sheath on the pseudobulb, washing the pseudobulb with clear water, and draining the pseudobulb to be used as a cutting.
3. The method for the propagation and protection of orchids according to claim 1, wherein:
and in the step b, the collected pseudobulbs are inserted into a shallow box filled with sphagnum medium, the pseudobulbs are carefully kept moist or are embedded into the sphagnum medium, the container is sealed by a polyethylene bag, the container is hung in a warm place in a room, the pseudobulbs bud and root after a few weeks, each old bulb can grow 1-2 new leaves, then the old bulb roots at the base of the new bud, and the pseudobulbs can be carefully cultured to form a new plant.
4. The method for the propagation and protection of orchids according to claim 1, wherein:
in the step c, in order to prevent insects, a layer of nylon net or copper gauze is laid on the inner wall of the Koran pot, a layer of tiles, bone chips, coarse charcoal or broken bricks are padded at the bottom of the Koran pot, or a layer of water-retaining agent made of super absorbent resin is laid in the Koran pot, so that good water storage and drainage are ensured, the principle of a small seedling pot and a large seedling pot is strict, the operation is careful during transplanting, roots and leaves are not damaged, and the small seedling is more important.
5. The method for the propagation and protection of orchids according to claim 1, wherein:
in the step c, shallow planting is carried out, the stem or the pseudo bulb needs to be exposed out of the soil surface, the culture medium comprises loam, sphagnum, charcoal, fern rhizome, petiole, bark, coconut husk, broken brick scraps and the like, the seedling can be transplanted with a microbial inoculum nutrient solution, the microbial inoculum nutrient solution comprises amino acid, trace elements, a plurality of fungi and the like, the liquid consumption is 3-5mL each time, the seedling is watered quantitatively and regularly, and the seedling is placed in a direct light-free and direct rain-drenching place for a period of time after being potted.
6. The method for the propagation and protection of orchids according to claim 1, wherein:
and d, selecting warm and moist remote mountain and forest areas which are warm in winter and cool in summer according to the habit of the orchids, wherein the ice is not frozen well in winter, the most suitable temperature is kept at 3-7 ℃, the most suitable temperature is kept at 25-28 ℃ in summer, and the annual rainfall requirement is over 1000 mm. The subacid soil with deep upper layer, rich humus, black brown color, loose and fertile property, good water permeability and water retention performance, pH5-pH6.5, and water accumulation avoidance is required.
7. The method for the propagation and protection of orchids according to claim 1, wherein:
in the step d, marking each orchid pot transplanting area in a circle, applying the fertilizer with the common concentration once in 10-15 days according to the summer of breeding, applying the fertilizer with the low concentration for 5 days for 1 time or spraying the fertilizer on leaf surfaces when watering every time.
8. The method for the propagation and protection of orchids according to claim 1, wherein:
in the step d, a proper amount of organic fertilizer is added into the soil to ensure the fertility of the soil, a certain amount of slow-release fertilizer and quick-acting fertilizer are added, and a certain amount of super absorbent resin is properly mixed during fertilization, so that the water requirement of the orchids is ensured while the fertilizer is increased, and the effect is better than that of single use.
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| CN105409516A (en) * | 2015-11-16 | 2016-03-23 | 浙江农林大学 | Year-round production and cultivation method of Cymbidium hybridum |
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| CN105409516A (en) * | 2015-11-16 | 2016-03-23 | 浙江农林大学 | Year-round production and cultivation method of Cymbidium hybridum |
| CN109429958A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2019-03-08 | 营山县美宏中药材种植专业合作社 | A kind of wild bletilla striata breeding cultivation method |
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