CN105344380A - 一种金属有机框架/石墨烯负载钯纳米复合催化剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种金属有机框架/石墨烯负载钯纳米复合催化剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105344380A CN105344380A CN201510897549.XA CN201510897549A CN105344380A CN 105344380 A CN105344380 A CN 105344380A CN 201510897549 A CN201510897549 A CN 201510897549A CN 105344380 A CN105344380 A CN 105344380A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- graphene
- catalyst
- organic framework
- metal organic
- metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 239000002114 nanocomposite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title abstract description 8
- HXITXNWTGFUOAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroxy-phenylborane Natural products OB(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 HXITXNWTGFUOAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Zr](Cl)(Cl)Cl DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene Substances C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000006069 Suzuki reaction reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000012621 metal-organic framework Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical group CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- YCOXTKKNXUZSKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N as-o-xylenol Natural products CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1C YCOXTKKNXUZSKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 101150003085 Pdcl gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 10
- SNHMUERNLJLMHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodobenzene Chemical compound IC1=CC=CC=C1 SNHMUERNLJLMHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001555 benzenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- QARVLSVVCXYDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromobenzene Chemical compound BrC1=CC=CC=C1 QARVLSVVCXYDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007810 chemical reaction solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N (2s)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid;(2s)-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O.NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine monohydrate Substances O.NN IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000005171 halobenzenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- KPZGRMZPZLOPBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichloro-2,2-bis(chloromethyl)propane Chemical compound ClCC(CCl)(CCl)CCl KPZGRMZPZLOPBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910003603 H2PdCl4 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- -1 halogeno benzene Chemical compound 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910007926 ZrCl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002082 metal nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910007932 ZrCl4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- SNHMUERNLJLMHN-IDEBNGHGSA-N iodobenzene Chemical group I[13C]1=[13CH][13CH]=[13CH][13CH]=[13CH]1 SNHMUERNLJLMHN-IDEBNGHGSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013110 organic ligand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- SCCCFNJTCDSLCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-iodo-4-nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=C(I)C=C1 SCCCFNJTCDSLCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZGCEKJOLUNIFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Chloronitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 CZGCEKJOLUNIFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZADPBFCGQRWHPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N boronic acid Chemical compound OBO ZADPBFCGQRWHPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013096 zirconium-based metal-organic framework Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201510897549.XA CN105344380B (zh) | 2015-12-08 | 2015-12-08 | 一种金属有机框架/石墨烯负载钯纳米复合催化剂及其制备方法和应用 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201510897549.XA CN105344380B (zh) | 2015-12-08 | 2015-12-08 | 一种金属有机框架/石墨烯负载钯纳米复合催化剂及其制备方法和应用 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN105344380A true CN105344380A (zh) | 2016-02-24 |
CN105344380B CN105344380B (zh) | 2017-08-11 |
Family
ID=55320522
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201510897549.XA Expired - Fee Related CN105344380B (zh) | 2015-12-08 | 2015-12-08 | 一种金属有机框架/石墨烯负载钯纳米复合催化剂及其制备方法和应用 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN105344380B (zh) |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106111207A (zh) * | 2016-06-27 | 2016-11-16 | 镇江市高等专科学校 | 一种有机金属框架/纳米二氧化锡/石墨烯复合光催化材料及其制备方法和用途 |
CN107029672A (zh) * | 2017-05-10 | 2017-08-11 | 上海师范大学 | 基于uio‑66‑nh2与石墨烯原位共组装合成吸附‑光催化复合材料 |
CN107195875A (zh) * | 2017-04-26 | 2017-09-22 | 复旦大学 | 一种三维石墨烯包覆mof的复合物电极材料及其制备方法 |
CN107456999A (zh) * | 2017-07-17 | 2017-12-12 | 中国科学院福建物质结构研究所 | 一种多孔锰有机框架负载的纳米钯催化剂及其制备方法 |
CN109103464A (zh) * | 2018-08-30 | 2018-12-28 | 广州大学 | 一种催化层的制备方法、催化层及微生物燃料电池 |
CN109126778A (zh) * | 2017-06-15 | 2019-01-04 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种高载量单原子催化剂的制备方法 |
CN109158098A (zh) * | 2018-09-20 | 2019-01-08 | 东北大学 | 膨胀石墨固体催化剂载体、制备方法和复合固体催化剂和制备方法 |
CN109941987A (zh) * | 2019-03-04 | 2019-06-28 | 镇江市高等专科学校 | 一种3D石墨烯/纳米Pd宏观体相材料的生物合成方法 |
CN110327974A (zh) * | 2019-07-26 | 2019-10-15 | 湖北工程学院 | 一种交联降冰片烯共聚物/炭黑三维网络负载钯纳米催化剂及其制备方法与应用 |
CN111330546A (zh) * | 2020-03-06 | 2020-06-26 | 昆明理工大学 | 一种金属骨架-氧化石墨烯复合材料及其制备方法与应用 |
CN111514938A (zh) * | 2020-06-08 | 2020-08-11 | 中国华能集团有限公司 | 一种二氧化碳加氢制甲醇的催化剂及其制备方法 |
CN111589443A (zh) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-08-28 | 贵研铂业股份有限公司 | 一种石墨烯负载钯纳米颗粒复合材料催化剂的制备方法 |
CN116139296A (zh) * | 2023-02-27 | 2023-05-23 | 河南大学 | 一种具有葡萄糖响应性的山药多糖修饰的mof载药材料及其制备方法和应用 |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104525125A (zh) * | 2014-12-17 | 2015-04-22 | 江苏科技大学 | 负载型金属有机骨架/氧化石墨烯储氢材料及其制备方法 |
-
2015
- 2015-12-08 CN CN201510897549.XA patent/CN105344380B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104525125A (zh) * | 2014-12-17 | 2015-04-22 | 江苏科技大学 | 负载型金属有机骨架/氧化石墨烯储氢材料及其制备方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
CAMILLE PETIT 等: ""MOF–Graphite Oxide Composites: Combining the Uniqueness of Graphene Layers and Metal–Organic Frameworks"", 《ADVANCED MATERIALS》 * |
YANG LI 等: ""Palladium Nanoparticle–Graphene Hybrids as Active Catalysts for the Suzuki Reaction"", 《NANO RES》 * |
Cited By (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106111207A (zh) * | 2016-06-27 | 2016-11-16 | 镇江市高等专科学校 | 一种有机金属框架/纳米二氧化锡/石墨烯复合光催化材料及其制备方法和用途 |
CN107195875A (zh) * | 2017-04-26 | 2017-09-22 | 复旦大学 | 一种三维石墨烯包覆mof的复合物电极材料及其制备方法 |
CN107029672A (zh) * | 2017-05-10 | 2017-08-11 | 上海师范大学 | 基于uio‑66‑nh2与石墨烯原位共组装合成吸附‑光催化复合材料 |
CN109126778B (zh) * | 2017-06-15 | 2021-06-22 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种高载量单原子催化剂的制备方法 |
CN109126778A (zh) * | 2017-06-15 | 2019-01-04 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种高载量单原子催化剂的制备方法 |
CN107456999A (zh) * | 2017-07-17 | 2017-12-12 | 中国科学院福建物质结构研究所 | 一种多孔锰有机框架负载的纳米钯催化剂及其制备方法 |
CN109103464A (zh) * | 2018-08-30 | 2018-12-28 | 广州大学 | 一种催化层的制备方法、催化层及微生物燃料电池 |
CN109158098A (zh) * | 2018-09-20 | 2019-01-08 | 东北大学 | 膨胀石墨固体催化剂载体、制备方法和复合固体催化剂和制备方法 |
CN109941987A (zh) * | 2019-03-04 | 2019-06-28 | 镇江市高等专科学校 | 一种3D石墨烯/纳米Pd宏观体相材料的生物合成方法 |
CN110327974A (zh) * | 2019-07-26 | 2019-10-15 | 湖北工程学院 | 一种交联降冰片烯共聚物/炭黑三维网络负载钯纳米催化剂及其制备方法与应用 |
CN110327974B (zh) * | 2019-07-26 | 2022-03-15 | 湖北工程学院 | 一种交联降冰片烯共聚物/炭黑三维网络负载钯纳米催化剂及其制备方法与应用 |
CN111330546A (zh) * | 2020-03-06 | 2020-06-26 | 昆明理工大学 | 一种金属骨架-氧化石墨烯复合材料及其制备方法与应用 |
CN111589443A (zh) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-08-28 | 贵研铂业股份有限公司 | 一种石墨烯负载钯纳米颗粒复合材料催化剂的制备方法 |
CN111589443B (zh) * | 2020-05-27 | 2022-12-16 | 贵研铂业股份有限公司 | 一种石墨烯负载钯纳米颗粒复合材料催化剂的制备方法 |
CN111514938A (zh) * | 2020-06-08 | 2020-08-11 | 中国华能集团有限公司 | 一种二氧化碳加氢制甲醇的催化剂及其制备方法 |
CN111514938B (zh) * | 2020-06-08 | 2021-12-14 | 中国华能集团有限公司 | 一种二氧化碳加氢制甲醇的催化剂及其制备方法 |
CN116139296A (zh) * | 2023-02-27 | 2023-05-23 | 河南大学 | 一种具有葡萄糖响应性的山药多糖修饰的mof载药材料及其制备方法和应用 |
CN116139296B (zh) * | 2023-02-27 | 2023-08-22 | 河南大学 | 一种具有葡萄糖响应性的山药多糖修饰的mof载药材料及其制备方法和应用 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN105344380B (zh) | 2017-08-11 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN105344380B (zh) | 一种金属有机框架/石墨烯负载钯纳米复合催化剂及其制备方法和应用 | |
CN108097316B (zh) | 一种负载纳米金属颗粒的MOFs纳米材料的制备方法 | |
Dong et al. | Palladium nanoparticles embedded in metal–organic framework derived porous carbon: synthesis and application for efficient Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions | |
CN105170097B (zh) | 一种TiO2/ZIF‑8核壳结构纳米复合材料及其制备方法 | |
CN102909005B (zh) | 表面包覆介孔二氧化硅的负载有贵金属纳米颗粒的石墨烯基复合材料及其制备方法和应用 | |
CN103447092B (zh) | 一种氧化石墨烯负载席夫碱钯催化剂及制备方法和应用 | |
CN104028269B (zh) | 一种石墨烯负载金属纳米复合材料、制备方法及应用 | |
CN108262072B (zh) | 一种用于乙炔氢氯化的钌配合物催化剂及其制备方法和应用 | |
CN108298518B (zh) | 一种单原子分散的碳材料的制备方法 | |
CN104649246A (zh) | 一种生物质碳微/纳米球的低温水热制备方法 | |
CN104353495B (zh) | 一种多元磁性介孔催化剂的制备方法和应用 | |
CN104190470A (zh) | 一种三明治结构Zr-MOFs/石墨烯复合光催化剂及其制备和应用 | |
CN113750993B (zh) | 一种钯单原子催化剂及其制备方法和在铃木偶联反应中的应用 | |
CN110882725A (zh) | 金属有机骨架负载二氧化钛光催化材料及其制备方法 | |
CN108579781A (zh) | 一种苯酚加氢催化剂及其制备方法 | |
CN103586049B (zh) | 一种双金属磁性催化剂、制备及用于Heck反应 | |
CN104511310A (zh) | 一种介孔碳负载氮杂环卡宾钯催化剂及制备方法和应用 | |
CN111871461A (zh) | 一种海胆状钴基光催化剂及其制备方法 | |
Dabiri et al. | Pd nanoparticles supported on cubic shaped ZIF-based materials and their catalytic activates in organic reactions | |
CN105148937A (zh) | 一种磁性石墨烯负载钯纳米复合催化剂及其制备方法 | |
CN113546687A (zh) | 一种超薄钛基MOFs纳米片的可见光催化剂的制备方法及应用 | |
CN107597097A (zh) | 一种负载型氧化钼催化剂的制备方法及其应用 | |
CN109647534A (zh) | 一种NiB/PANI纳米纤维催化剂的制备方法及其在硼氢化钠水解制氢中的应用 | |
CN107715911B (zh) | 一种纤维素负载纳米铜(i)多孔材料及其制备方法和应用 | |
CN102553576A (zh) | 用于硝基苯加氢反应合成苯胺催化剂的制备方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
CP02 | Change in the address of a patent holder |
Address after: 212028 No. 518, Chang Xiang Road, University Park, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Patentee after: ZHENJIANG College Address before: Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, 212003 Jingkou District Road No. 61 Patentee before: Zhenjiang College |
|
CP02 | Change in the address of a patent holder | ||
TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20230506 Address after: No. 100, Binhe North Road, Karamay District, Karamay City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 834000 Patentee after: Xinjiang Shenji Biotechnology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 518 Changxiang West Avenue, University Park, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province Patentee before: ZHENJIANG College |
|
TR01 | Transfer of patent right | ||
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20170811 |
|
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |