CN105265194B - A kind of capsicum grafting seeding cultivating method using eggplant as stock - Google Patents
A kind of capsicum grafting seeding cultivating method using eggplant as stock Download PDFInfo
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- CN105265194B CN105265194B CN201510839755.5A CN201510839755A CN105265194B CN 105265194 B CN105265194 B CN 105265194B CN 201510839755 A CN201510839755 A CN 201510839755A CN 105265194 B CN105265194 B CN 105265194B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of capsicum grafting seeding cultivating method using eggplant as stock, including eggplant rootstock is cultivated, cultivate capsicum scion, grafting and grafting management, form nursery transplant, during grafting, the upward 45o partial applications at the two panels true leaf of eggplant rootstock bottom first with blade；Then in downward 45o partial applications at the two panels leaf of lower section at the top of capsicum scion, the diameter of stock and scion, section is kept to coincide substantially；Finally scion and stock section are posted and fixed rapidly, seedling is completed and connects.The present invention cultivates capsicum grafting using eggplant as stock, has higher survival rate, while the disease resistance of eggplant rootstock can be applied to the production of capsicum, therefore, in industrial seedling rearing, has broad application prospects.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to capsicum graft transplant seedling to cultivate field, and in particular to a kind of capsicum grafting using eggplant as stock
Breeding method.
Background technology
At present, the cultivation of capsicum grafting has the method for plant propagation with cutting, inarching method and cleft graft etc. mainly using capsicum as stock, its
Mode of operation is：
The method of plant propagation with cutting, typically at after planting 20-30 days, stock is grafting optimum period when having 5 or so true leaves, and capsicum scion seedling should
This is more slightly smaller than rootstock seedling stem compared with the few 1-2 piece leaves of rootstock seedling, seedling stem.It is crosscutting above second true leaf of stock during grafting
Axillary bud is removed, oblique cutting, jack length are angularly descended in top with the bamboo stick suitable with scion thickness without leaf side by 45-60 degree in this place
0.5-1cm, broken epidermis is not inserted with bamboo stick front end to be advisable, and from appropriate scion, is whittled into wedge shape, long incision with stock internal plug seat,
In patchhole.Subject matter existing for this mode is：Grafting is relatively strong to technical requirement, it is necessary to professional operates,
The extremely difficult left-hand seat of common people, operating efficiency is low, and manual operation has a great influence to survival rate.
Inarching method, refer to that the root of scion after grafting still retains, be planted in together with the root of stock in hole tray, scion after grafting
It is not easy withered, management is easy, and survival rate is high.One plant of rootstock seedling and one plant of Hot Pepper Seedling are planted in each hole tray, highly to be approached, apart
About 1cm is remote.Operating method：It is first crosscutting between the 2-3 piece leaves of rootstock seedling stem, remove young leaves and growing point, then from top the
Under a piece of true leaf, seedling stem on-bladed side, 1cm openning is chamfer in 40 degree of angles from bottom to top, as deep as stem thick 2/3, then
Scion is plugged together mutually with stock in opening, interface is clamped with Grafting clip, should be cut in time after grafting survival
Disconnected grafting part nonuseable part.Subject matter existing for this mode is：It is cumbersome compared with other grafting methods, it is desirable to by stock and to connect
Fringe is all extracted, and is planted again after grafting, and grafting efficiency is low, after grafting, do not require nothing more than remove stock side shoot, also to remove scion root and
Nonuseable part, grafting interface are not easy to merge completely, and the later stage is difficult to support whole strain capsicum weight and be broken.
Cleft graft, starts grafting in rootstock seedling 5-7 piece true leaves, by the crosscutting decaptitating in rootstock seedling upper end during grafting, cuts away 2-3
Piece leaf, retain 2-3 piece true leaf stems, with grafting knife in a disconnected stem top vertical knife from top to bottom, the long 0.8-1cm of the edge of a knife；Scion
5-7 piece true leaves are selected, the Hot Pepper Seedling that robust growth, internode length are moderate, not excessive growth, tissue are substantial, are removed at semi-lignified
Lower end, retain 2-3 piece true leaves, cut great Ye and bud, incision is whittled into wedge shape, lozenges grows the notch depth phase with stock
Deng, immediately by scion insert stock otch, stock is alignd with scion otch and combine closely, fixed with Grafting clip.This side
Subject matter is existing for formula：Environmental requirement to seedbed is more strict during grafting survives, and the survival rate of grafting is managed
The horizontal influence of reason is very big, and survival rate is not easy to grasp, and the interface of cleft grafting seedling easily produces splitting.
Three of the above engrafting method, grafting are higher to the technical requirements of operating personnel, and other two kinds of sections are all not easy completely
Fusion, after bringing bigger difficulty, later stage to bear fruit to managing after grafting, plant need to be prevented to be broken from incision, influence yield.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of capsicum grafting seeding cultivating method using eggplant as stock, capsicum
Seedling is grafted on eggplant rootstock, and engrafting method is simple to operate, and composition surface amalgamation is good, the extensive simplicity of field management, and survival rate is high,
Anti- capsicum ground continuous cropping problem, it is obviously improved the disease resistance of capsicum.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of capsicum grafting seeding cultivating method using eggplant as stock, including eggplant rootstock is cultivated, capsicum scion is cultivated, is transferred
Connect and managed with grafting, form nursery transplant, during grafting, cut first with blade from upward 45o at the two panels true leaf of eggplant rootstock bottom
One knife；Then in downward 45o partial applications at the two panels leaf of lower section at the top of capsicum scion, stock and diameter, the section base of scion are kept
This coincide；Finally scion and stock section are posted and fixed rapidly, seedling is completed and connects.
Further improvement project of the invention is the cultivation eggplant rootstock, soaks eggplant with 100mg/kg Gibberellins solutions
Seed 24 hours, is then cleaned with clear water, is dried standby；First seedling culture hole plate will be dispensed into during sowing after seedling medium watering stirring
In, now seed is multicast in seedling culture hole plate；After planting seedling culture hole plate is placed in greenhouse and cultivated, temperature is not less than 25 before emergence
DEG C, and mulch film water conservation is covered, do not water；Mulch film is removed after emergence, in time watering, spray 50% carbendazim solution, warm indoor temperature
Not less than 15 DEG C, control night temperature is no more than 22 DEG C, prevents graft stock excessive growth, treats stock length to more than 5 true leaves, the thick 5mm of stem
Start grafting during left and right；The special stocks of conventional eggplant such as Solanum Torvum can be selected.
Further improvement project of the invention is the cultivation capsicum scion, first seedling medium waters during sowing and stirred
After be dispensed into seedling culture hole plate, then seed is seeded into seedling culture hole plate；After planting seedling culture hole plate surface covering vermiculite, is placed on temperature
Cultivated in room, temperature is not less than 25 DEG C before emergence, and covers mulch film moisture-keeping；Mulch film is removed after emergence, watering, sprays 50% in time
Carbendazim solution, warm indoor temperature be not less than 15 DEG C, spike length waiting to 5-6 pieces true leaf, stem slightly close to stock when, start grafting；
Capsicum scion can be selected market and often use capsicum variety, such as first red No.1, Huaihe River green pepper 1108, the capsicum variety that also can independently cultivate.
Further improvement project of the invention is the grafting management, to be built in shed within three days after grafting, film adds
Shading net covering, humidity requirement more than 95%, blade occur withering here sprayable water, 26-28 DEG C of day temperature, evening temperature 20-25
DEG C, temperature is higher than aeration-cooling in time at 32 DEG C, and shed is divulged information on a small quantity after grafting three days, is removed film, sunshade net, is sprayed
50% carbendazim solution and 72.2% it is general make every effort to overcome aqua, temperature at 15-25 DEG C, only in fine day noon Shading net covering；Grafting seven
Normal management is carried out after it；Spray once within the tenth day after grafting it is white reach organic water-soluble fertilizer, promote grafting nutrient growth, after
Spray weekly once, until forming nursery transplant.
Further improvement project of the invention is that cultivation stock and the seedling medium for cultivating capsicum scion are manioc wastes:
Peat:Vermiculite:Perlite volume ratio is 4: 4 : 1 :1, unit weight 0.37, porosity 81%, the organic matter of seedling medium
Content 24%, PH=6.5, EC values 1.5.
The present invention compared with prior art, has following obvious advantage：
1st, the present invention uses eggplant as stock, with can resisting capsicum continuous cropping, is obviously improved the disease resistance of capsicum.
2nd, the eggplant rootstock and capsicum scion that stem slightly coincide substantially are selected during grafting of the present invention, is respectively cut along 45o angles, contact
Face maximizes, and is advantageous to merging for stock and scion, more conducively improves the survival rate of capsicum scion.
3rd, grafting operation of the present invention is simple, easy left-hand seat, is adapted to most people's operation, is advantageous to improve work efficiency.
4th, final-period management relative ease of the present invention, extensive, capsicum can bear bigger fruit with respect to other method after bearing fruit
True weight amount.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is nursery transplant material object photo of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
In June, 2015, in Xu-Huai area Huaiyin, Jiangsu institute of agricultural sciences proving ground, stock selects eggplant " Solanum Torvum " respectively
And capsicum stock " Ge Lafute ", scion do scion from capsicum " first red No.1 ", carry out grafting contrast test, parallel test
The middle engrafting method used is method provided by the invention, every kind of each 72 plants of grafting of three people of engrafting method, unites within 18 days after grafting
Count the survival rate of different grafting methods.
First, synchronous selection, sowing and the management of stock
The special stock of eggplant " Solanum Torvum " and capsicum stock " Ge Lafute " are selected, is soaked with 100mg/kg Gibberellins solution
Steep seed 24 hours, then cleaned with clear water standby.
Stock sowing media
Manioc waste:Peat:Vermiculite:Perlite volume ratio is 4: 4 : 1 :1, the unit weight of seedling medium
0.37th, porosity 81%, the content of organic matter 24%, PH=6.5, EC values 1.5.
Suitably watered before sowing, matrix is stirred, and matrix is dispensed into 72 hole disks.Stock is broadcast simultaneously with scion
Kind.
Stock after planting manages
After planting it is placed in heating greenhouse and cultivates, temperature is not less than 25 DEG C before emergence, and covers mulch film water conservation, before emergence not
Watering, after emergence, mulch film is removed, watering, sprays 50% carbendazim solution.Warm indoor temperature is not less than 15 DEG C, controls night Wen Buchao
22 DEG C are crossed, prevents graft stock excessive growth.
2nd, the synchronous of scion is sowed and after planting managed
Scion sowing media（It is identical with stock）
Suitably watered before sowing, matrix is stirred, and matrix is dispensed into 72 hole disks, will first red No.1 seed sowing
Into 72 hole seedling culture hole plates, vermiculite is after planting covered, is placed in heating greenhouse and grows.
Scion after planting manages
Mulch film moisture-keeping is after planting covered, temperature is not less than 25 DEG C before emergence, and warm indoor temperature is not less than 15 DEG C after emergence, goes
Except mulch film, spray 50% carbendazim solution, in time watering, see it is dry see it is wet.
3rd, grafting
Grafting the previous day, water is poured, and spray 50% carbendazim solution.
Two kinds of stocks are respectively adopted by three people and carry out Grafting Experiment：
With blade from upward 45o partial applications at eggplant, capsicum stock bottom two panels true leaf, then at the top of the capsicum scion under
At 2 leaves in side, downward 45o partial applications, keep the diameter of stock and scion, section to coincide substantially, then make stock, scion section
Alignment, is close together, is fixed with Grafting clip.
4th, the management by synchronization of grafting
The temperature treatment of grafting
After grafting in 3 days, temperature requirement is higher, 26-28 DEG C of daytime, 20-25 DEG C of evening, and temperature will divulge information when being higher than 32 DEG C
Cooling, 15-25 DEG C of temperature after three days, grafting normal management after 7 days.
The moisture management of grafting
It is built in Small plastic shed within three days after grafting, film adds Shading net covering, humidity requirement more than 95%, if blade withers
Here, can appropriate spray water, to ensure humidity.Small plastic shed is divulged information on a small quantity after three days, place to go film, sunshade net, and sprays bacterium more than 50%
Clever solution and 72.2% it is general make every effort to overcome aqua, only in fine day noon Shading net covering, normal management is watered after grafting 7 days.
The seedling illumination management of grafting
Shading net covering is wanted after grafting in three days, after three days, in fine day noon Shading net covering, recovers normal pipe after seven days
Reason.
The fertilizer management of grafting
Spray once within 10 days after grafting it is white reach organic water-soluble fertilizer, promote grafting nutrient growth, spray one weekly later
It is secondary, the survival rate of 18 days statistics different grafting methods after grafting.Result of the test see the table below.
Different graft stock statistical forms
It can be drawn from table, same graft stock, the grafting shoot survival percent of three people's graftings slightly has difference, the present invention
The average survivals of technical scheme both graft stocks be respectively 89.8%, 91.7%, two kinds of stock grafting survival rates are higher,
And difference unobvious.
Embodiment 2
In August, 2015, in Xu-Huai area Huaiyin, Jiangsu institute of agricultural sciences proving ground, select respectively " Solanum Torvum -- first red one
Number " grafting, " Ge Lafute -- first red No.1 " grafting and " first red No.1 " own-rooted tree, carry out root rot, capsicum epidemic disease
Experimental investigation.For capsicum continuous cropping, the incidence of disease such as normal root rot is 10-15% or so to selected field.
Three groups of experimental design, CK are scion " first red No.1 " own-rooted tree, and T1 is " Ge Lafute " stock, and T2 is " Tuo Luba
Nurse " stock, totally 3 repetitions of 3 cells of every group of design, random district's groups arrangement, and each cell is colonized 20 young plants, around sets protection
OK.Normal pepper cultivation management is carried out, all cell managements by synchronization are identical, and the morbidity feelings such as root rot are mainly investigated after 2 months
Condition.
Different districts morbidity statistical form
It can be seen from table in the field of capsicum continuous cropping, first the red No.1 own-rooted tree incidence of disease is up to 15%, kind sheet
The anti-continuous cropping DeGrain of body；And after using Solanum Torvum qualifying La Fute graftings, then show obvious anti-continuous cropping.Make
It is the 55.5% of CK with the Ge Lafute capsicum stock incidences of disease, the continuous cropping problem on capsicum ground is alleviated to a certain extent, wherein using
The disease resistance of Solanum Torvum eggplant rootstock is best, average attack rate only 3.33%, is the 22.2% of CK.
Explainable by this experiment, the present invention cultivates capsicum grafting using eggplant as stock, has higher survival rate,
The disease resistance of eggplant rootstock can be applied to the production of capsicum simultaneously, therefore, in industrial seedling rearing, there is wide answer
Use prospect.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of capsicum grafting seeding cultivating method using eggplant as stock, including eggplant rootstock is cultivated, cultivate capsicum scion, grafting
Managed with grafting, form nursery transplant, it is characterised in that：During grafting, first with blade at the two panels true leaf of eggplant rootstock bottom
Upward 45o partial applications；Then the downward 45o partial applications at the two panels leaf of lower section at the top of the capsicum scion, the straight of stock and scion is kept
Footpath, section coincide substantially；Finally scion and stock section are posted and fixed rapidly, seedling is completed and connects；
The grafting management, is built in shed, film adds Shading net covering, humidity requirement more than 95%, leaf for three days after grafting
Piece occur withering here sprayable water, 26-28 DEG C of day temperature, 20-25 DEG C of evening temperature, temperature will divulge information drop in time when being higher than 32 DEG C
Temperature, shed is divulged information on a small quantity after grafting three days, removes film, sunshade net, spray 50% carbendazim solution and 72.2% it is general make every effort to overcome aqua,
Temperature is at 15-25 DEG C, only in fine day noon Shading net covering；Grafting carries out normal management after seven days；Spray within the tenth day after grafting
Apply once it is white reach organic water-soluble fertilizer, promote grafting nutrient growth, spray weekly once later, until forming nursery transplant.
A kind of 2. capsicum grafting seeding cultivating method using eggplant as stock according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
Eggplant rootstock is cultivated, eggplant seed is soaked 24 hours with 100mg/kg Gibberellins solutions, is then cleaned, dried standby with clear water；
It will be first dispensed into during sowing after seedling medium watering stirring in seedling culture hole plate, then seed be multicast in seedling culture hole plate；After planting will
Seedling culture hole plate is placed in greenhouse and cultivated, and temperature is not less than 25 DEG C before emergence, and covers mulch film water conservation, does not water；Removed after emergence
Mulch film, watering in time, 50% carbendazim solution is sprayed, warm indoor temperature is not less than 15 DEG C, and control night temperature is no more than 22 DEG C, prevents
Graft stock excessive growth, start grafting when stock length to more than 5 true leaves, the thick 5mm of stem or so.
A kind of 3. capsicum grafting seeding cultivating method using eggplant as stock according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
Capsicum scion is cultivated, will be first dispensed into after seedling medium watering stirring in seedling culture hole plate during sowing, then seed is seeded into nursery
In hole tray；After planting seedling culture hole plate surface covering vermiculite, is placed in greenhouse and cultivates, temperature is not less than 25 DEG C before emergence, and covers
Mulch film moisture-keeping；Mulch film is removed after emergence, in time watering, spray 50% carbendazim solution, warm indoor temperature is waiting not less than 15 DEG C
Spike length to 5-6 pieces true leaf, stem slightly close to stock when, start grafting.
A kind of 4. capsicum grafting seeding cultivating method using eggplant as stock according to Claims 2 or 3, it is characterised in that：
The seedling medium for cultivating stock and cultivation capsicum scion is manioc waste:Peat:Vermiculite:Perlite volume ratio is 4: 4
: 1 :1, the unit weight 0.37 of seedling medium, porosity 81%, the content of organic matter 24%, pH=6.5, EC values 1.5.
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| CN107711467A (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2018-02-23 | 江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所 | A kind of capsicum cenospecies F2 is for high efficiency separation and purification method |
| CN113099977A (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2021-07-13 | 江苏康润农业科技发展有限公司 | Efficient pepper stubble-grafting planting method |
| CN116267272A (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2023-06-23 | 宁夏天瑞绿色种业有限公司 | Grafting method and application of pepper seedlings |
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