CN105265194B - A kind of capsicum grafting seeding cultivating method using eggplant as stock - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cultivating pepper grafted seedlings with eggplant as rootstock, which includes cultivating eggplant rootstock, cultivating pepper scion, grafting and grafting seedling management, and forming transplanted seedlings. Cut a knife at 45° upwards; then cut a knife at 45° downward at the two leaves below the top of the pepper scion, keeping the diameter and cutting surface of the rootstock and the scion basically consistent; finally, quickly fit and fix the scion and the cutting surface of the rootstock to complete the seedling grafting. The invention uses eggplant as a rootstock to cultivate pepper grafted seedlings, has a high survival rate, and can apply the disease resistance of the eggplant rootstock to the production of peppers, so it has broad application prospects in industrial seedling cultivation.

Description

A method for cultivating pepper grafted seedlings with eggplant as rootstock

technical field

The invention relates to the field of cultivation of grafted pepper seedlings, in particular to a method for cultivating grafted pepper seedlings using eggplant as a stock.

Background technique

At present, the cultivation of grafted pepper seedlings mainly uses peppers as rootstocks, and there are plugging methods, leaning methods and splitting methods, and the operation methods are as follows:

The grafting method, generally 20-30 days after sowing, is suitable for grafting when the rootstock has about 5 true leaves. The pepper scion seedlings should have 1-2 leaves less than the rootstock seedlings, and the seedling stems are slightly thinner than the rootstock seedling stems. When grafting, cut off the axillary buds on the top of the second true leaf of the rootstock, and use a bamboo stick with the same thickness as the scion to insert obliquely downward at an angle of 45-60 degrees on the leafless side of the top, and the length of the hole is 0.5-60 degrees. 1cm, it is advisable not to pierce the epidermis at the front end of the bamboo stick, choose a suitable scion, cut it into a wedge shape, and the incision is as long as the inner hole of the rootstock, just insert it into the hole. The main problems in this way are: plugging has strong technical requirements and requires professional personnel to operate. It is extremely difficult for ordinary people to get started, and the work efficiency is low. Human operation has a greater impact on the survival rate.

The grafting method means that the root of the scion remains after grafting and is planted together with the root of the rootstock in the hole tray. After grafting, the scion is not easy to wither, easy to manage, and has a high survival rate. Plant a rootstock seedling and a pepper seedling in each hole plate, the height will be close to, about 1cm apart. Operation method: first cut across the 2-3 leaves of the rootstock seedling stem, remove the new leaves and growth points, and then form a 40-degree angle from the bottom to the top from the bottom of the first true leaf and the side of the stem without leaves Cut a 1cm opening obliquely, as deep as 2/3 of the stem thickness, and then insert the scion and rootstock together at the opening, and clamp the interface with grafting clips. After the grafting survives, the useless part of the grafting site should be cut off in time. The main problem of this method is: compared with other grafting methods, it is cumbersome and requires both rootstock and scion to be pulled out, and then replanted after grafting. The grafting efficiency is low. Part, the grafting interface is not easy to fully fuse, and it is difficult to support the weight of the whole pepper in the later stage and break.

Split grafting method, start grafting when the rootstock seedlings have 5-7 true leaves. When grafting, cut off the top of the rootstock seedlings, cut off 2-3 leaves, and keep 2-3 true leaf stems. The top of the broken stem is cut vertically from top to bottom, and the length of the knife edge is 0.8-1cm; for the scion, choose 5-7 true leaves, strong growth, moderate internode length, not excessive growth, and full tissue. Remove the lower end at the semi-lignified place, Keep 2-3 true leaves, cut off the big leaves and flower buds, and cut the incision into a wedge shape. The length of the wedge surface is equal to the depth of the incision of the rootstock. Immediately insert the scion into the incision of the rootstock, so that the rootstock and the incision of the scion are aligned and tightly combined. The grafting clips are fixed. The main problem that this mode exists is: the environmental requirement of seedbed during the survival of grafted seedlings is comparatively strict, the survival rate of grafted seedlings is greatly influenced by the management level, and survival rate is difficult to grasp, and the interface of split grafted seedlings is easy to produce splitting.

For the above three grafting methods, plugging has high technical requirements for operators, and the other two cutting surfaces are not easy to completely merge, which brings great difficulties to management after grafting. Yield.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating capsicum grafted seedlings using eggplant as a rootstock. The capsicum seedlings are grafted on the eggplant stock. The grafting method is simple to operate, the fusion of the joint surface is good, the field management is extensive and convenient, and the survival rate is high. Resistant to continuous cropping of peppers, significantly improving the disease resistance of peppers.

The present invention is realized through the following technical solutions:

A method for cultivating pepper grafted seedlings with eggplant as rootstock, including cultivating eggplant rootstock, cultivating pepper scion, grafting and grafting seedling management, forming transplanted seedlings, when grafting, first use a blade to cut upwards at 45° from two true leaves at the bottom of the eggplant rootstock One cut; then cut a cut at 45° downward at the two leaves below the top of the pepper scion, keeping the diameter and cut surface of the rootstock and scion basically consistent; finally, quickly fit and fix the scion and the cut surface of the rootstock to complete the seedling grafting.

The further improvement scheme of the present invention is, described cultivating eggplant stock, soak eggplant seed with 100mg/kg gibberellin solution for 24 hours, then wash with clear water, dry for later use; In the seedling tray, the seeds are now sown into the seedling tray; after sowing, the seedling tray is placed in the greenhouse for cultivation, the temperature before emergence is not lower than 25°C, and the plastic film is covered to retain water without watering; the plastic film is removed after emergence, Timely watering, spraying 50% carbendazim solution, the temperature in the greenhouse is not lower than 15°C, and the night temperature is controlled not to exceed 22°C to prevent the grafted rootstock from growing excessively, and start when the rootstock grows to more than 5 true leaves and the stem is about 5mm thick. Grafting; common eggplant special rootstocks such as Torubum can be used.

The further improvement scheme of the present invention is, described cultivating capsicum scion, when sowing, the seedling-raising substrate is watered and stirred first, and then sub-packed into the seedling-growing plug, and then the seeds are sown into the seedling-raising plug; after sowing, the surface of the seedling-raising plug is covered with leech Put them in a greenhouse for cultivation, the temperature before emergence should not be lower than 25°C, and cover with plastic film to keep moisture; after emergence, remove the plastic film, water in time, spray 50% carbendazim solution, the temperature in the When the scion grows to 5-6 true leaves and the stem thickness is close to the rootstock, grafting begins; pepper scions can be selected from common pepper varieties in the market, such as Xianhong No. 1, Huaijiao 1108, etc., or self-cultivated pepper varieties.

The further improvement plan of the present invention is that, for the management of the grafted seedlings, three days after grafting, they are placed in an arch shed, covered with a film and a sunshade net, the humidity is required to be above 95%, and water can be sprayed if the leaves appear wilted, and the daytime temperature is 26-28 ° C. At night, the temperature is 20-25°C. When the temperature is higher than 32°C, it is necessary to ventilate and cool down in time. After three days of grafting, the shed should be ventilated a little, remove the film and sunshade net, and spray 50% carbendazim solution and 72.2% Prequel water agent. -25°C, cover with sunshade net only at noon on sunny days; normal management after seven days of grafting; spray Haoda organic water-soluble fertilizer once on the tenth day after grafting to promote the vegetative growth of grafted seedlings, and then spray once a week until the transplantation is formed Seedling.

The further improvement scheme of the present invention is, the seedling-raising substrate of cultivating rootstock and cultivating capsicum scion is cassava residue: peat: vermiculite: perlite volume ratio is 4: 4: 1: 1, and the bulk density of seedling-raising substrate is 0.37, porosity 81%, Organic matter content 24%, PH=6.5, EC value 1.5.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following obvious advantages:

1. The present invention uses eggplant as a rootstock, which can resist continuous cropping of capsicum and significantly improve the disease resistance of capsicum.

2, when the present invention is grafted, select the eggplant stock and the capsicum scion that the stem diameter matches substantially, each cut along the 45° angle, and the contact surface is maximized, which is conducive to the fusion of the stock and the scion, and is more conducive to improving the survival rate of the capsicum scion.

3. The grafting operation of the present invention is simple, easy to use, suitable for most people to operate, and conducive to improving work efficiency.

4. The post-management of the present invention is relatively simple and extensive, and the capsicum can withstand a larger fruit weight than other methods after fruiting.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the physical photograph of transplanted seedling of the present invention.

detailed description

Example 1

In June 2015, at the experimental base of Huaiyin Agricultural Science Institute in Xuhuai District, Jiangsu Province, eggplant "Torubam" and pepper rootstock "Graft" were selected as rootstocks, and pepper "Xianhong No. 1" was used as scion for grafting. Contrast experiment, the grafting method that adopts in the parallel experiment is the method that the present invention provides, each grafting method three people each graft 72 strains, 18 days after grafting count the survival rate of different grafting methods.

1. Synchronous selection, sowing and management of rootstock

Select eggplant special rootstock "Torubam" and pepper rootstock "Graft", soak the seeds with 100mg/kg gibberellin solution for 24 hours, and then wash them with water for later use.

rootstock seeding substrate

The volume ratio of cassava residue: peat: vermiculite: perlite is 4: 4: 1: 1, the bulk density of the seedling substrate is 0.37, the porosity is 81%, the organic matter content is 24%, PH=6.5, EC value is 1.5.

Water properly before planting, stir the substrate, and distribute the substrate into 72-well plug trays. Rootstock and scion were sown at the same time.

Rootstock post-sowing management

After sowing, place them in a heated greenhouse for cultivation. The temperature before emergence should not be lower than 25°C, and cover them with plastic film to retain water. Do not water before emergence. After emergence, remove the plastic film, water them, and spray 50% carbendazim solution. The temperature in the greenhouse is not lower than 15°C, and the night temperature is controlled not to exceed 22°C to prevent the grafted rootstock from growing excessively.

2. Synchronous sowing of scions and management after sowing

Scion seeding substrate (same as rootstock)

Water properly before sowing, stir the substrate, and distribute the substrate into 72-hole plug trays, sow Xianhong No. 1 seeds into 72-hole seedling trays, cover with vermiculite after sowing, and place them in a heated greenhouse for growth.

Post-sowing management of scions

After sowing, cover with plastic film to keep moisture. The temperature before emergence is not lower than 25°C, and the temperature in the greenhouse after emergence is not lower than 15°C. Remove the plastic film, spray 50% carbendazim solution, and water in time. See dry and wet.

Three, grafting

The day before grafting, pour enough water and spray 50% carbendazim solution.

Three people used two kinds of rootstocks to carry out grafting experiments:

Use a blade to make a 45° upward cut from the two true leaves at the bottom of the rootstock of eggplant and pepper, and then make a 45° downward cut at the 2 leaves below the top of the pepper scion, keeping the diameter and cut surface of the rootstock and the scion basically consistent, and then make the rootstock, The cut surfaces of the scion are aligned, stick together, and fixed with grafting clips.

4. Synchronous management of grafted seedlings

Temperature management of grafted seedlings

Within 3 days after grafting, the temperature requirements are high, 26-28°C during the day and 20-25°C at night. When the temperature is higher than 32°C, ventilation and cooling are required. After three days, the temperature is 15-25°C. After 7 days, the grafted seedlings should be managed normally.

Humidity management of grafted seedlings

Three days after grafting, it is placed in a small arched shed, covered with film and sunshade net, and the humidity is required to be above 95%. If the leaves are wilted, spray water in an appropriate amount to ensure the humidity. Three days later, the small shed was slightly ventilated, the film and the sunshade net were removed, and 50% carbendazim solution and 72.2% Plickle water agent were sprayed, only covered with the sunshade net at noon on sunny days, and the watering was managed normally after 7 days of grafting.

Grafted seedling light management

Within three days after grafting, it should be covered with a sunshade net. Three days later, it should be covered with a sunshade net at noon on a sunny day, and normal management will resume after seven days.

Fertilizer management for grafted seedlings

Spray Haoda organic water-soluble fertilizer once 10 days after grafting to promote the vegetative growth of grafted seedlings, then spray once a week after grafting, and count the survival rate of different grafting methods 18 days after grafting. The test results are shown in the table below.

Statistical Table of Different Grafting Rootstocks

As can be drawn from the table, the same kind of grafted rootstock, the survival rate of grafted seedlings grafted by three people is slightly different, and the average survival rate of these two kinds of grafted stock of the technical scheme of the present invention is respectively 89.8%, 91.7%. The survival rate was high, and the difference was not obvious.

Example 2

In August 2015, grafted seedlings of "Tuolubamu-Xianhong No. 1", "Graft-Xianhong No. 1" and "Xianhong No. The self-rooted seedlings of "Red No. 1" were investigated and tested on root rot and pepper blight. The selected fields are pepper continuous cropping fields, and the normal incidence rate of root rot is about 10-15%.

Three groups were designed for the experiment, CK was the self-rooted seedlings of the scion "Xianhong No. 1", T1 was the rootstock of "Graft", and T2 was the rootstock of "Torubum". Three plots were designed for each group and a total of 3 repetitions were designed. Random block group Arranged, and planted 20 seedlings in each plot, with protective rows around them. Carry out normal pepper cultivation and management, and manage the same period in all plots. After 2 months, mainly investigate the incidence of root rot and other diseases.

Statistics table of incidence in different districts

It can be seen from the table that in the pepper continuous cropping field, the incidence rate of self-rooted seedlings of Xianhong No. 1 is as high as 15%, and the resistance of the variety itself to continuous cropping is not obvious. Showed obvious resistance to continuous cropping. The incidence rate of using Graft pepper rootstock is 55.5% of that of CK, which alleviates the problem of continuous cropping in pepper fields to a certain extent. Among them, the disease resistance of eggplant rootstock using Torubum is the best, with an average incidence rate of only 3.33%, which is CK’s highest. 22.2%.

It can be illustrated by this test that the present invention uses eggplant as rootstock to cultivate capsicum grafted seedlings, which has a higher survival rate, and can apply the disease resistance of eggplant rootstock to the production of capsicum. Therefore, in industrialized seedling cultivation, there is Broad application prospects.

Claims (4)

1. A method for cultivating pepper grafted seedlings with eggplant as rootstock, comprising cultivating eggplant stock, cultivating capsicum scion, grafting and grafted seedling management, forming transplanted seedlings, it is characterized in that: during grafting, at first use blade from eggplant rootstock bottom two pieces Make a 45° upward cut at the true leaf; then make a 45° downward cut at the two leaves below the top of the pepper scion to keep the diameter and cut surface of the rootstock and scion basically consistent; finally, quickly fit and fix the scion with the cut surface of the rootstock to complete the seedling grafting; For the management of the grafted seedlings, three days after grafting, they should be placed in an arched shed, covered with a film and a sunshade net, and the humidity should be above 95%. If the leaves appear wilted, water can be sprayed. The daytime temperature is 26-28°C, and the nighttime temperature is 20-25°C. When the temperature is higher than 32°C, it is necessary to ventilate and cool down in time. After three days of grafting, the shed should be ventilated a little, remove the film and sunshade net, and spray 50% carbendazim solution and 72.2% Prequel water agent. The temperature is 15-25°C, only at noon on sunny days. Cover with sunshade nets; carry out normal management seven days after grafting; spray Haoda organic water-soluble fertilizer once on the tenth day after grafting to promote the vegetative growth of grafted seedlings, and then spray once a week until transplanted seedlings are formed. 2. a kind of capsicum grafting seedling cultivation method taking eggplant as stock according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described cultivating eggplant stock, soak eggplant seed 24 hours with 100mg/kg gibberellin solution, then wash with clear water clean and dry for later use; when sowing, firstly water and stir the seedling-raising matrix and then distribute it into the seedling-raising hole trays, and then sow the seeds into the seedling-raising hole trays; Lower than 25°C, cover with plastic film to retain water, do not water; remove the plastic film after emergence, water in time, and spray 50% carbendazim solution, the temperature in the greenhouse should not be lower than 15°C, and the night temperature should not exceed 22°C to prevent grafting The rootstock is leggy, and when the rootstock grows to more than 5 true leaves and the stem is about 5mm thick, grafting begins. 3. a kind of capsicum grafting seedling cultivation method taking eggplant as rootstock according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described cultivating capsicum scion, when sowing, the seedling-raising matrix is watered and stirred earlier and sub-packed in the seedling-raising plug tray, Then sow the seeds into the seedling trays; after sowing, the surface of the seedling trays is covered with vermiculite, and they are placed in a greenhouse for cultivation. Apply 50% carbendazim solution, and the temperature in the greenhouse is not lower than 15°C. When the scion grows to 5-6 true leaves and the stem thickness is close to the rootstock, start grafting. 4. according to claim 2 or 3, a kind of method for cultivating pepper grafting seedlings with eggplant as stock, is characterized in that: the seedling-raising matrix of cultivating stock and cultivating capsicum scion is cassava residue: peat: vermiculite: perlite volume ratio 4: 4: 1: 1, the bulk density of the seedling substrate is 0.37, the porosity is 81%, the organic matter content is 24%, the pH=6.5, and the EC value is 1.5.