CN102742457A - Grafting cultivation method of balsam pear - Google Patents
Grafting cultivation method of balsam pear Download PDFInfo
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- CN102742457A CN102742457A CN2012102506343A CN201210250634A CN102742457A CN 102742457 A CN102742457 A CN 102742457A CN 2012102506343 A CN2012102506343 A CN 2012102506343A CN 201210250634 A CN201210250634 A CN 201210250634A CN 102742457 A CN102742457 A CN 102742457A
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Abstract
The invention provides a grafting cultivation method of balsam pear. According to the method, root change is carried out through grafting, so that the soil-borne diseases can be overcome, the vigorous growth of plants can be promoted by utilizing the root systems of rootstocks, the growth durations of the plants can be prolonged and the output and economical benefit can be increased. Compared with the prior art, the grafting cultivation method of balsam pear has the advantages of improving the varieties of the balsam pear, strengthening the resistance and the increasing the output.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the growing vegetables field, exactly be meant a kind of grafting cultivation method of balsam pear.
Background technology
At present, the balsam pear cultivar of open country, booth facility is aging, single, inferior quality, adopt grow seedlings open country or the cultivation of little shed more, yields poorly, resistance is weak, poor quality, benefit are low.Some problems below analyze, existing: the one, plantation disperses, and commercialized degree is low; The 2nd, feature breed is few, and scale and benefit are poor; The 3rd, scientific and technological level is low, the gross output wretched insufficiency; The 4th, the production time concentrates, and benefit is generally on the low side.
Summary of the invention
To above-mentioned defective, the technical problem that the present invention solves is to provide a kind of grafting cultivation method of balsam pear, can improve the kind of balsam pear, strengthens resistance, improves output.
In order to solve above technical problem, the grafting cultivation method of balsam pear provided by the invention comprises the steps:
(1), grafting, its condition is following:
The standard of a, scion and stock: 1. scion standard: dark green leaf color, internode are short, the healthy and strong branch of diameter 0.2-0.4 centimetre stays 6～7 blade collections, shelter from heat or light with moistening newspaper etc. and preserve moisture, and the maintenance branch is fresh; 2. stock standard: after planting 10-14 days, young plant a slice true leaf is arranged and begin open and flat, robust plant, cotyledon is loose, dark green, high about 2～3cm;
B, grafting environment: avoid the sunlight direct irradiation during grafting, keep ambient humidity at 90%-98%.
The requirement of C, grafting tool: 1. grafting knife: the thin blade of beard is scraped in thin slice grafting knife or use; 2. grafting pod: select special-purpose grafting pod for use;
D, grafting method of operating: 1. split stock: with the grafting knife stock lobus cardiacus of at first pruning, left hand is opened mother, forefinger deeply and is slightly pressed the young plant cotyledon, and right hand-held knife becomes 50 °-70 ° down to cut gently along right cotyledon with lobus cardiacus, cuts half the to the horizontal stem of cane; Left hand is gently pressed left cotyledon again, and right hand-held knife is down cut gently, cuts to lobus cardiacus is disconnected and takes off, and chooses lobus cardiacus gently; Female, the forefinger of left hand pinches the stock cane then, and right hand-held knife is cut about deeply 1cm-2cm under steadily in the middle of the cotyledon; 2. cut scion: stem apex keeps 3 true leaves, from the lower end first blade 2cm-3cm place cut first cutter; Left hand is taken branch, and forefinger is stretched out and filled up in the branch bottom, and the 1cm-3cm of cutter place is longer than down at the tip, and is downward-sloping slightly.The right hand takes cutter to become under 40 ° of-50 ° of following cuttves to cut from top then, cut to the thick 0.5-0.8 of stem doubly, return blade, change the inclined-plane that cutter under the face is whittled into long 0.8cm-1.2cm, the scion lower end forms a wedge, should cut along the edge together when the wedge front edge is uneven; 3. the fringe of pegging graft: left hand takes the scion of cutting to insert stock gently, and snap is seated on one side, and scion is closely contacted with stock, and the right hand takes the clamping of grafting pod to get final product;
(2), cultivate after the grafting, it is divided into four processes:
The one, in conjunction with the phase: this phase keeps sheltering from heat or light entirely, and temperature is controlled at 15 ℃-35 ℃, and air humidity is controlled at 92%-98%, can form callus in 18-30 hour; The 2nd, healing stage: this phase stock and scion tissue combine closely, begin to carry out nutrient and exchange, and need 2～3 days; The 3rd, incorporating period: grafting is after 4～5 days, and fusion place cell division breeding is vigorous, and stock is organized mutually with scion and mixed; Begin from incorporating period, take off early lid arch film and sunshade net evening, suitably ventilation is seen and is adapted to extraneous home gradually by light; The 4th, become current: reached into current in grafting 8-12 days, seedling is strengthened drying in the air in the back that becomes to live, and makes grafting adapt to external environment fully, gets final product field planting after the grafting in 14-16 days.
Preferably; The balsam pear grafting is combined as any one in green show+wrinkled luffa, green show+No. 1 sponge gourd of good standing grain, jasper+wrinkled luffa, jasper+good standing grain No. 1 sponge gourd, Hua Cui+wrinkled luffa or Hua Cui+No. 1 sponge gourd of good standing grain; Wherein, the former is the balsam pear scion variety, and the latter is a stock variety.
Preferably, balsam pear is to select seedling, temperature and remain on 25～30 ℃, alms bowl body and the seedbed keeps carrying out grafting under the wet condition.
Preferably, The Test of Grafting Bitter is that following any one anniversary production model is planted: booth eggplant-The Test of Grafting Bitter-asparagus lettuce-celery, plastic tent cucumber-The Test of Grafting Bitter-asparagus lettuce-autumn capsicum, greenhouse watermelon-The Test of Grafting Bitter-autumn capsicum, booth capsicum-The Test of Grafting Bitter-celery.
The present invention not only can overcome soil-borne disease through grafting and root-changing; Also can utilize the flourishing root system of stock, promote that plant strain growth is vigorous; More can prolong the breeding time of plant, improve output and economic benefit.Compared with prior art, the grafting cultivation method of balsam pear provided by the invention can improve the kind of balsam pear, strengthens resistance, improves output.
Embodiment
For those skilled in the art can understand technical scheme provided by the present invention better, set forth below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
The grafting cultivation method of the balsam pear that present embodiment provides comprises the steps:
(1), grafting, its condition is following:
The standard of a, scion and stock: 1. scion standard: dark green leaf color, internode are short, the healthy and strong branch of 0.3 centimetre of diameter stays 6 blade collections, shelter from heat or light with moistening newspaper etc. and preserve moisture, and the maintenance branch is fresh; 2. stock standard: after planting 12 days, young plant a slice true leaf is arranged and begin open and flat, robust plant, cotyledon is loose, dark green, high about 2.5cm;
B, grafting environment: avoid the sunlight direct irradiation during grafting, keep ambient humidity 95%.
The requirement of C, grafting tool: 1. grafting knife: the thin blade of beard is scraped in thin slice grafting knife or use; 2. grafting pod: select special-purpose grafting pod for use;
D, grafting method of operating: 1. split stock: with the grafting knife stock lobus cardiacus of at first pruning, left hand is opened mother, forefinger deeply and is slightly pressed the young plant cotyledon, and right hand-held knife becomes 60 ° along right cotyledon down cuts with lobus cardiacus gently, cuts half the to the horizontal stem of cane; Left hand is gently pressed left cotyledon again, and right hand-held knife is down cut gently, cuts to lobus cardiacus is disconnected and takes off, and chooses lobus cardiacus gently; Female, the forefinger of left hand pinches the stock cane then, and right hand-held knife is cut about deeply 1.5cm under steadily in the middle of the cotyledon; 2. cut scion: stem apex keeps 3 true leaves, from the lower end first blade 2.5cm place cut first cutter; Left hand is taken branch, and forefinger is stretched out and filled up in the branch bottom, and the 2cm of cutter place is longer than down at the tip, and is downward-sloping slightly.The right hand takes cutter to become under 45 ° of following cuttves to cut from top then, cuts to thick 0.66 times of stem, returns blade, changes the inclined-plane that cutter under the face is whittled into long 1cm, and the scion lower end forms a wedge, should cut along the edge together when the wedge front edge is uneven; 3. the fringe of pegging graft: left hand takes the scion of cutting to insert stock gently, and snap is seated on one side, and scion is closely contacted with stock, and the right hand takes the clamping of grafting pod to get final product;
(2), cultivate after the grafting, it is divided into four processes:
The one, in conjunction with the phase: this phase keeps sheltering from heat or light entirely, and temperature is controlled at 15 ℃-35 ℃, and air humidity is controlled at and can forms callus in 95%, 24 hour; The 2nd, healing stage: this phase stock and scion tissue combine closely, begin to carry out nutrient and exchange, and need 2.5 days; The 3rd, incorporating period: grafting is after 4.5 days, and fusion place cell division breeding is vigorous, and stock is organized mutually with scion and mixed; Begin from incorporating period, take off early lid arch film and sunshade net evening, suitably ventilation is seen and is adapted to extraneous home gradually by light; The 4th, become current: grafting reached into current in 10 days, and seedling is strengthened drying in the air in the back of become living, and makes grafting adapt to external environment fully, got final product field planting after the grafting in 15 days.
Select the green show of balsam pear kind, jasper, Hua Cui, the Da Bai of Lanshan County, 5 kinds of long white balsam pear for use, stock variety is Yunnan black seed pumpkin, elephant skin soft textive king sponge gourd, 3 kinds of No. 1 sponge gourd of good standing grain.Make up grafting at random, form 15 of grafting combinations, each combination grafting 30 strain.In cultivation, be the Da Qu randomised block design with the balsam pear kind, grafting and seedling randomised block design in the Da Qu, 3 repetitions, totally 60 sub-districts, each sub-district area 36m2, field planting 5 strains.Frame covers the net cultivation.Investigate output, the resistance of different grafting combinations, screen good grafting combination, the comprehensive proterties of green elegant balsam pear is the best, suits to cover the net high-yield high-efficiency cultivation as frame.Preferably; The balsam pear grafting is combined as any one in green show+wrinkled luffa, green show+No. 1 sponge gourd of good standing grain, jasper+wrinkled luffa, jasper+good standing grain No. 1 sponge gourd, Hua Cui+wrinkled luffa or Hua Cui+No. 1 sponge gourd of good standing grain; Wherein, the former is the balsam pear scion variety, and the latter is a stock variety.
The balsam pear kind is the Da Bai of Lanshan County, and stock variety is an elephant skin soft textive king sponge gourd.Adopt the different growing points of balsam pear to carry out grafting do scion, establish the grafting of A seedling, the grafting of B side shoot, 3 processing of C grafting laterial bud, 30 strain graftings are established in each processing, and other factors are consistent.In 15-35 ℃, with 5 ℃ be a gradient, 15 ℃ of 5 different temperatures gradient: D, 20 ℃ of E, 25 ℃ of F, 30 ℃ of G, 35 ℃ of H are set.3 different humidity are set to be handled: the I grafting was watered primary water to stock in preceding 1 day, kept stock alms bowl body moistening, and watered the water of revealing the exact details to the seedbed of putting after the grafting, kept the seedbed moistening; The J grafting was watered primary water to stock in preceding 1 day, kept stock alms bowl body moistening, and not watering in the seedbed of putting after the grafting, keeps the seedbed dry; Do not water before the K grafting, keep stock alms bowl soma dry, and water the water of revealing the exact details to the seedbed of putting after the grafting, keep the seedbed moistening to stock.The spontaneous grafting of each different disposal 30 strain, other factors are consistent.Preferably, balsam pear is to select seedling, temperature and remain on 25～30 ℃, alms bowl body and the seedbed keeps carrying out grafting under the wet condition.
Preferably, The Test of Grafting Bitter is that following any one anniversary production model is planted: booth eggplant-The Test of Grafting Bitter-asparagus lettuce-celery, plastic tent cucumber-The Test of Grafting Bitter-asparagus lettuce-autumn capsicum, greenhouse watermelon-The Test of Grafting Bitter-autumn capsicum, booth capsicum-The Test of Grafting Bitter-celery.Rationally arrange the growing vegetables crops for rotation and carry out sleeving intercropping; Realized that vegetables anniversary 3-4 is ripe; Improve cropping index and booth availability effectively, increased unit are vegetables gross output, realized helping farming to increase income; Obtained good economy demonstration benefit, can be used as hills area suitable cultivation pattern and promote.
The present invention not only can overcome soil-borne disease through grafting and root-changing; Also can utilize the flourishing root system of stock, promote that plant strain growth is vigorous; More can prolong the breeding time of plant, improve output and economic benefit.Compared with prior art, the grafting cultivation method of balsam pear provided by the invention can improve the kind of balsam pear, strengthens resistance, improves output.
To the above-mentioned explanation of the disclosed embodiments, make this area professional and technical personnel can realize or use the present invention.Multiple modification to these embodiment will be conspicuous concerning those skilled in the art, and defined General Principle can realize under the situation that does not break away from the spirit or scope of the present invention in other embodiments among this paper.Therefore, the present invention will can not be restricted to these embodiment shown in this paper, but will meet and principle disclosed herein and features of novelty the wideest corresponding to scope.
Claims (4)
1. the grafting cultivation method of a balsam pear is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1), grafting, its condition is following:
The standard of a, scion and stock: 1. scion standard: dark green leaf color, internode are short, the healthy and strong branch of diameter 0.2-0.4 centimetre stays 6～7 blade collections, shelter from heat or light with moistening newspaper etc. and preserve moisture, and the maintenance branch is fresh; 2. stock standard: after planting 10-14 days, young plant a slice true leaf is arranged and begin open and flat, robust plant, cotyledon is loose, dark green, high about 2～3cm;
B, grafting environment: avoid the sunlight direct irradiation during grafting, keep ambient humidity at 90%-98%.
The requirement of C, grafting tool: 1. grafting knife: the thin blade of beard is scraped in thin slice grafting knife or use; 2. grafting pod: select special-purpose grafting pod for use;
D, grafting method of operating: 1. split stock: with the grafting knife stock lobus cardiacus of at first pruning, left hand is opened mother, forefinger deeply and is slightly pressed the young plant cotyledon, and right hand-held knife becomes 50 °-70 ° down to cut gently along right cotyledon with lobus cardiacus, cuts half the to the horizontal stem of cane; Left hand is gently pressed left cotyledon again, and right hand-held knife is down cut gently, cuts to lobus cardiacus is disconnected and takes off, and chooses lobus cardiacus gently; Female, the forefinger of left hand pinches the stock cane then, and right hand-held knife is cut about deeply 1cm-2cm under steadily in the middle of the cotyledon; 2. cut scion: stem apex keeps 3 true leaves, from the lower end first blade 2cm-3cm place cut first cutter; Left hand is taken branch, and forefinger is stretched out and filled up in the branch bottom, and the 1cm-3cm of cutter place is longer than down at the tip, and is downward-sloping slightly.The right hand takes cutter to become under 40 ° of-50 ° of following cuttves to cut from top then, cut to the thick 0.5-0.8 of stem doubly, return blade, change the inclined-plane that cutter under the face is whittled into long 0.8cm-1.2cm, the scion lower end forms a wedge, should cut along the edge together when the wedge front edge is uneven; 3. the fringe of pegging graft: left hand takes the scion of cutting to insert stock gently, and snap is seated on one side, and scion is closely contacted with stock, and the right hand takes the clamping of grafting pod to get final product;
(2), cultivate after the grafting, it is divided into four processes:
The one, in conjunction with the phase: this phase keeps sheltering from heat or light entirely, and temperature is controlled at 15 ℃-35 ℃, and air humidity is controlled at 92%-98%, can form callus in 18-30 hour; The 2nd, healing stage: this phase stock and scion tissue combine closely, begin to carry out nutrient and exchange, and need 2～3 days; The 3rd, incorporating period: grafting is after 4～5 days, and fusion place cell division breeding is vigorous, and stock is organized mutually with scion and mixed; Begin from incorporating period, take off early lid arch film and sunshade net evening, suitably ventilation is seen and is adapted to extraneous home gradually by light; The 4th, become current: reached into current in grafting 8-12 days, seedling is strengthened drying in the air in the back that becomes to live, and makes grafting adapt to external environment fully, gets final product field planting after the grafting in 14-16 days.
2. according to the grafting cultivation method of the said balsam pear of claim 1; It is characterized in that; The balsam pear grafting is combined as any one in green show+wrinkled luffa, green show+No. 1 sponge gourd of good standing grain, jasper+wrinkled luffa, jasper+good standing grain No. 1 sponge gourd, Hua Cui+wrinkled luffa or Hua Cui+No. 1 sponge gourd of good standing grain; Wherein, the former is the balsam pear scion variety, and the latter is a stock variety.
3. according to the grafting cultivation method of the said balsam pear of claim 1, it is characterized in that balsam pear is to select seedling, temperature and remain on 25～30 ℃, alms bowl body and the seedbed keeps carrying out grafting under the wet condition.
4. according to the grafting cultivation method of the said balsam pear of claim 1; It is characterized in that The Test of Grafting Bitter is that following any one anniversary production model is planted: booth eggplant-The Test of Grafting Bitter-asparagus lettuce-celery, plastic tent cucumber-The Test of Grafting Bitter-asparagus lettuce-autumn capsicum, greenhouse watermelon-The Test of Grafting Bitter-autumn capsicum, booth capsicum-The Test of Grafting Bitter-celery.
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| CN103229655A (en) * | 2013-05-08 | 2013-08-07 | 江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所 | Cultivation method for grafting and transplanting sprout-tiller-free watermelon seedlings |
| CN104082022A (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2014-10-08 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院蔬菜研究所 | Precocious and efficient bitter gourd cultivation method |
| CN104126571A (en) * | 2014-07-18 | 2014-11-05 | 山东农业大学 | Ginkgo biloba scion fresh-keeping method |
| CN104255268A (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2015-01-07 | 蒋小春 | Method for cultivating bitter gourds in greenhouses in North China |
| CN104542012A (en) * | 2015-02-05 | 2015-04-29 | 重庆东冒山蔬菜种植股份合作社 | Cultivation method for grafting bitter gourd onto towel gourd stem |
| CN104813850A (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2015-08-05 | 广西大学 | Grafting method for tomato |
| CN105052565A (en) * | 2015-08-14 | 2015-11-18 | 周景龙 | Method for grafting bitter gourd seedlings |
| CN105265194A (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2016-01-27 | 江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所 | Capsicum grafting seedling cultivation method taking eggplant tree as stock |
| CN105493905A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-04-20 | 东莞市青麦田数码科技有限公司 | Moisturizing method capable of improving cucumber and loofah grafting survival rate |
| CN111357513A (en) * | 2020-03-06 | 2020-07-03 | 光泽县富民蔬菜专业合作社 | Method for grafting bitter gourds to resist root-knot nematodes |
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Cited By (13)
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| CN103229655B (en) * | 2013-05-08 | 2015-05-20 | 江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所 | Cultivation method for grafting and transplanting sprout-tiller-free watermelon seedlings |
| CN103229655A (en) * | 2013-05-08 | 2013-08-07 | 江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所 | Cultivation method for grafting and transplanting sprout-tiller-free watermelon seedlings |
| CN104126571A (en) * | 2014-07-18 | 2014-11-05 | 山东农业大学 | Ginkgo biloba scion fresh-keeping method |
| CN104082022B (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2017-01-11 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院蔬菜研究所 | Precocious and efficient bitter gourd cultivation method |
| CN104082022A (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2014-10-08 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院蔬菜研究所 | Precocious and efficient bitter gourd cultivation method |
| CN104255268A (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2015-01-07 | 蒋小春 | Method for cultivating bitter gourds in greenhouses in North China |
| CN104542012A (en) * | 2015-02-05 | 2015-04-29 | 重庆东冒山蔬菜种植股份合作社 | Cultivation method for grafting bitter gourd onto towel gourd stem |
| CN104813850A (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2015-08-05 | 广西大学 | Grafting method for tomato |
| CN105052565A (en) * | 2015-08-14 | 2015-11-18 | 周景龙 | Method for grafting bitter gourd seedlings |
| CN105265194A (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2016-01-27 | 江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所 | Capsicum grafting seedling cultivation method taking eggplant tree as stock |
| CN105265194B (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2017-12-15 | 江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所 | A kind of capsicum grafting seeding cultivating method using eggplant as stock |
| CN105493905A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-04-20 | 东莞市青麦田数码科技有限公司 | Moisturizing method capable of improving cucumber and loofah grafting survival rate |
| CN111357513A (en) * | 2020-03-06 | 2020-07-03 | 光泽县富民蔬菜专业合作社 | Method for grafting bitter gourds to resist root-knot nematodes |
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Application publication date: 20121024 |