CN107494252A - A kind of method for improving eggplant hybrid seeding efficiency - Google Patents

A kind of method for improving eggplant hybrid seeding efficiency Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107494252A
CN107494252A CN201710730735.3A CN201710730735A CN107494252A CN 107494252 A CN107494252 A CN 107494252A CN 201710730735 A CN201710730735 A CN 201710730735A CN 107494252 A CN107494252 A CN 107494252A
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pollination
maternal
hybridization
male parent
pollen
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方荣
陈学军
周坤华
袁欣捷
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VEGETABLE AND FLOWER INSTITUTE JIANGXI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
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VEGETABLE AND FLOWER INSTITUTE JIANGXI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)

Abstract

The application provides a kind of method for improving eggplant hybrid seeding efficiency, and its main improvements is that male parent flower pesticide is handled under suitable temperature and humidity environment, implements double stalk trainings, high-order hybridization to maternal plant, using pollination tube pollination etc..The method of the present invention, is optimized to the committed step of eggplant hybrid seeding, obtains the technical staple of optimization, has both improved hybridization fruit-setting rate and hybrid seed yield, has saved hybridization recruitment again, reduce breeding cost；Hybrid seeding efficiency improves more than 30% than conventional method.

Description

A kind of method for improving eggplant hybrid seeding efficiency
Technical field
The present invention provides a kind of method for improving eggplant hybrid seeding efficiency, belongs to vegetables crossbreeding technology field.
Background technology
Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is Solanaceae Solanum vegetable crop, its flesh texture delicacy, unique flavor, Delicious flavour, it is China rich in the multiple nutritional components such as protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamin and calcium, phosphorus, iron One of staple vegetable crop, various regions cultivation are universal.According to statistics, China's eggplant cultivated area in 2015 is up to 80.6 ten thousand hm2, yield 30680000 t, it is eggplant producing country maximum in the world.Eggplant hybrid vigour generally existing, China is since the 1960s New Eggplant Varieties seed selection works, and all kinds of Eggplant Varieties more than 300 has been bred as so far, wherein 90% is Hybrid.
For eggplant to like warm fruit and vegetable, the thermophilic that grows is 20~32 DEG C.Plant strain growth gesture and branch power are stronger, and flower is complete Flower, flower pesticide porous dehiscence, is self pollination crop.Eggplant hybrid seed produces, and typically carries out hybrid seeding using artificial pollination method, Including all too many levels such as parent's seeding and seedling raising, field planting, paternal pollen extraction, maternal emasculation, artificial pollination and seed collecting, each link Hybrid seeding efficiency can all be influenceed by dealing with improperly.Conventional method use not strictly training, low level hybridization, flower pesticide is in natural environment It is lower dry, flower pollination be stained with writing brush or rubber tip, repeats pollination, allocarpy spends sepal or ties up red rope the technical measures such as marks Efficiency is low, and easily causes pollen contamination and waste, and cross-fertile success rate is relatively low.Therefore, how conventional method is overcome Deficiency, improve hybrid seeding efficiency be current eggplant crossbreeding technology field urgent problem to be solved.
The content of the invention
The application provides a kind of method for improving eggplant hybrid seeding efficiency, comprises the following steps：
1) intermission seeding：The sowing time is controlled, it is 20~32 DEG C to make male parent, maternal full-bloom stage ambient air temperature, and male parent ratio Female parent does sth. in advance 15d~20d sowings；
2) maternal plant adjusts：7d~10d before hybridization pollination, double stalk trainings are carried out to female parent；The 1d before hybridization pollination ~2d, extract all flowers opened and the fruit tied on maternal plant；
3) paternal pollen gathers：1d~2d before pollination, the big bud that morning collection male parent will open, takes out flower pesticide, dries in the air Flower pesticide top is ftractureed at cool place is dried, it is standby to take out pollen；
4) artificial pollination：When maternal third layer spend a bud just ready to burst when, start hybridization pollination；Pollen is placed in pollination tube Row pollination, every plant of hybridization are beared fruit after 6~8, that is, terminate to pollinate, then pluck plant top terminal bud and empty branch and bottom old leaf Remove；
5) collect seed：When hybridization fruit is fully ripe, harvesting, after-ripening, seed collecting.
The present processes, pruned by carrying out double stalks to maternal plant, the adjustment hybridization pollination time, i.e., using high-order miscellaneous Friendship method, when maternal third layer spend a bud just ready to burst when start hybridization pollination, effectively coordinated maternal plant nutrient growth and life The relation of reproductive growth, it is ensured that hybridization fruit nutrient supply is sufficient, development is normal；With it is commonly used in the prior art not strictly training, Low level hybridization (in the second layer the flowers are in blossom beginning hybridization pollination) method is compared, plant strain growth is more healthy and stronger, hybridization fruit-setting rate is higher, seed more It is full.By the improvement to paternal pollen acquisition method, pollen quantity and quality obtain reliable guarantee, and contribute to hybridization to sit The further raising of fruit rate.
Preferably, male parent and maternal planting proportion are 1 in the step 1):4~5.
Preferably, maternal appropriate thin planting in the step 1), contributes to hybridization of female parent fruit fully to grow, plantation density For 1600 plants/667m2~2000 plants/667m2；Male parent rational close planted, to ensure the sufficient supply of pollen, plantation density is 2200~ 2500 plants/667m2。
Preferably, in the step 3), flower pesticide is placed in temperature as 24 DEG C~26 DEG C, the ring of relative humidity 40%~50% 16h~20h in border, its top natural cracking, pollen is set uniformly to shed.Found in experiment, under these conditions, most beneficial for flower Powder uniformly sheds, pollen quality is good, energetic；Specifically, in actual application, aforesaid operations can enter in air-conditioned room OK.
Preferably, in the step 4), pollinated using pollination tube, only pollination 1 time after every flower of female parent emasculation.The application adopts Pollinated, the column cap of female parent is inserted directly into the pollination tube for filling with pollen from pollination hole, once pollination amount is big, with biography with pollination tube System method is compared using writing brush or rubber tip pollination, simple to operate, is not required to carry out " benefit is awarded " in second day after the completion of pollination, is saved Cost of labor, improve pollination efficiency.
Preferably, in the step 4), tinted and be marked on the anthocaulus of hybridization flower or calyx using marking pen, used Marking pen is marked, and can effectively improve labeling effciency, prevents from repeating to pollinate, and contributes to the harvesting of later stage allocarpy, ensures Hybrid seed purity.
Preferably, in the step 5), the concrete operations of after-ripening are that the ripening fruits after harvesting is placed at shady and cool ventilation After-ripening 5d~7d, operated by above-mentioned after-ripening, it can be ensured that seed is fully ripe, improves potentiality of seed and germination percentage.
Preferably, in the step 1), the greenhouse production of hybrid seeds of Nanchang area, sowed 11 the first tenday period of a month to the middle ten days of upper 1 year； The open country production of hybrid seeds of Sanya, Hainan area, sowed in mid or late September.
Preferably, in the step 4), Nanchang area is pollinated for late May to late June, Sanya, Hainan Area is to be pollinated early January early December to next year.
As preferable scheme, method of the invention comprises the following steps：
1) intermission seeding：The sowing time is controlled, it is 20~32 DEG C to make male parent, maternal full-bloom stage ambient air temperature, and male parent ratio Female parent does sth. in advance 15d~20d sowings；Male parent and maternal planting proportion are 1:4~5, and the planting density of male parent is more than female parent；
2) maternal plant adjusts：The 7d before hybridization pollination, double stalk trainings are carried out to female parent；1d~2d before hybridization pollination, Extract all flowers opened and the fruit tied on maternal plant；
3) paternal pollen gathers：1d~2d before pollination, the big bud that morning collection male parent will open, takes out flower pesticide, dries in the air In temperature be 24 DEG C~26 DEG C, 16h~20h in the environment of relative humidity 40%~50%, make its top natural cracking, pollen equal It is even to shed；
4) artificial pollination：When maternal third layer spend a bud just ready to burst when, start hybridization pollination；Pollen is placed in pollination tube Row pollination, only once, every plant of hybridization is beared fruit after 6~8, terminates pollination for pollination after every maternal petal emasculation；Then by plant Top terminal bud is extractd with empty branch and bottom old leaf；
5) collect seed：When hybridization fruit is fully ripe, harvesting, after-ripening 5d~7d, collect seed.
The present invention has the advantages that compared with conventional art：
1) the present processes, adopted by carrying out double stalks trainings, adjustment hybridization pollination time to female parent, improving paternal pollen The improving technology measure such as diversity method, has effectively coordinated the relation of maternal plant nutrient growth and reproductive growth, it is ensured that high-quality The effective supply of pollen is measured, hybridization fruit nutrient supply is sufficient, development is normal, improves hybridization fruit-setting rate and seed production efficiency, single Plane accumulates hybrid seed production yields and improves more than 30% than conventional method.
2) on the other hand, the application is improved the specific method of eggplant hybridization pollination, awarded using pollination tube Powder, and the allocarpy after the completion of pollination is marked with marking pen, the efficiency in hybridization pollination operation is improved, is reduced Recruitment cost, hybridization recruitment is set to reduce 30% or so.
Embodiment
Following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not limited to the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of method for improving eggplant hybrid seeding efficiency, said by Hybrid Jiangxi eggplant No. 1 exemplified by the Sanya, Hainan production of hybrid seeds It is bright.
No. 1 female parent of Jiangxi eggplant is self-mating system HQ2003-05-1, male parent is self-mating system SJ2004-06-3, No. 1 production of hybrid seeds bag of Jiangxi eggplant Include following steps：
1) intermission seeding：Using rain-proof shading shed seeding and seedling raising, sowing mid-September, female parent is more late than male parent to broadcast 15d, seedling age 30d or so is colonized.Ground flattened before field planting whole thin, 1.4m bag ditch beddings, furrow width 0.5m, furrow are wide 0.9 meter, complete drip irrigation zone Afterwards, black film mulching is colonized, per the row of ridge cultivation 2 during field planting.Parent subregion is planted and the mark that is listed, male parent and maternal plantation Ratio is 1:4, maternal 2000 plants/667m of plantation density2, 2500 plants/667m of male parent plantation density2.Root water is poured after field planting.
2) maternal plant adjusts：The 7d before hybridization pollination, maternal plant first is destroyed in time and is branched following all side shoots, it is right It carries out double stalk trainings, the 1d before hybridization pollination, extracts all flowers opened and the fruit tied on maternal plant.
3) paternal pollen gathers：1d before pollination, the big bud that morning collection male parent will open, flower pesticide is taken out with tweezers, With clean pallet contain, dry in the air 16h~20h in air conditioning chamber, indoor temperature be maintained at 24 DEG C~26 DEG C, relative humidity 40~ 50%, flower pesticide top is ftractureed, be subsequently placed in clean container and fully shake, pollen is shed, pollen is sifted out with mesh screen, store It is standby in glass desicator.
4) artificial pollination：When maternal third layer spend a bud just ready to burst when, start hybridization pollination.Pollen is loaded in pollination tube, The big petal do not opened on maternal plant is selected, with tweezers emasculation, the column cap after emasculation is stretched into pollination tube from pollination hole, is stained with pollen After take out, then color is coated on anthocaulus or sepal with marking pen, to be harvested during sowing according to mark.The general company of need Continuous hybridization pollination 20d or so, every plant of hybridization is beared fruit 7~8 or so.It is after pollination terminates, plant top terminal bud and empty branch is timely Extract, extract middle and lower part old leaf.
5) collect seed：60d~70d after pollination, wait hybridize fruit it is fully ripe, in yellow when can take, be placed in cool place Kind is taken after ventilation after-ripening 5d~7d.
No. 1 hybrid seeding of Jiangxi eggplant is carried out using optimisation technique system of the present invention, hybridizes fruit-setting rate up to more than 80%, Ke Yijie 1/3 hybridization recruitment is saved, hybrid seeding efficiency improves more than 30% than existing conventional method.
Embodiment 2
It is a kind of improve eggplant hybrid seeding efficiency method, using Hybrid Jiangxi eggplant 153 the Nanchang district greenhouse production of hybrid seeds as Example explanation.
The female parent of Jiangxi eggplant 153 is self-mating system ZQ2003-01, male parent is self-mating system SJ2004-06-3, and the production of hybrid seeds of Jiangxi eggplant 153 includes Following steps：
1) intermission seeding：Using greenhouse seeding and seedling raising, early and middle ten dayses sowing in November last year, female parent is more late than male parent to broadcast 15d, seedling age It is colonized for 120~140d or so.Ground flattened before field planting whole thin, use sufficient base manure, 1.4m bag ditch beddings, furrow width 0.5m, furrow It is wide 0.9 meter, after completing drip irrigation zone, covering with ground sheeting field planting.Male parent is 1 with maternal planting proportion:4, maternal plantation density 1800 Strain/667m2, 2500 plants/667m of male parent plantation density2。
2) maternal plant adjusts：The 7d before hybridization pollination, maternal plant first is destroyed in time and is branched following all side shoots, it is real The double stalk trainings of row；The 1d before hybridization pollination, extract all flowers opened and the fruit tied on maternal plant.
3) paternal pollen gathers：1d before pollination, the big bud that morning collection male parent will open, flower pesticide is taken out with tweezers, With clean pallet contain, dry in the air 16h~20h in air conditioning chamber, indoor temperature be maintained at 24 DEG C~26 DEG C, relative humidity 40~ 50%, flower pesticide top is ftractureed, be subsequently placed in clean container and fully shake, pollen is shed, pollen is sifted out with mesh screen, store It is standby in glass desicator.
4) artificial pollination：When maternal third layer spend a bud just ready to burst when, start hybridization pollination.Pollinated with pollination tube, marking pen Mark.Late May to late June carries out hybridization pollination, typically needs continuous hybrid pollination 18d~20d, and every plant of allocarpy is average to exist 6~7 or so.
5) collect seed：60d~70d after pollination, wait hybridize fruit it is fully ripe, in yellow when can take, be placed in cool place Kind is taken after ventilation after-ripening 5d~7d.
The hybrid seeding of Jiangxi eggplant 153 is carried out using optimisation technique system of the present invention, hybridization time shortens than traditional conventional method 5d~6d, saves 1/3 hybridization recruitment, and fruit-setting rate is up to more than 80%.
Comparative example 1
Compared with Example 1, difference is, does not carry out above-mentioned processing in the step 3) to pollen, but use tradition Method, i.e., the 1d before pollination, the big bud that morning collection male parent will open, flower pesticide is taken out with tweezers, flower pesticide is dried in the air in ventilation Indoor 16h~20h, or daytime outdoor shady place dry 3h~5h, after anther dehiscence, be subsequently placed in clean container and shake It is dynamic, pollen is shed, pollen is sifted out with mesh screen, be stored in standby in glass desicator.
Pollen is gathered using the above method, big, pollen production is influenceed by adverse weather (such as rainy days or air humidity are big) Extracting rate is low, short life, and pollen quantity and quality do not ensure, and hybridization fruit-setting rate declines about than the method for embodiment 1 and example 2 10%~20%.
Comparative example 2
Compared with Example 1, its difference is, in the step 4), is pollinated using conventional method, i.e., with writing brush or Rubber tip is stained with flower pollination, repetition pollination in second day once, and allocarpy is tied up red rope and marked.
Above method pollination efficiency is low, needs to carry out " benefit is awarded ", and pollen wastes big, pollen vulnerable to pollution, hybridization fruit-setting rate with Embodiment 1 compares decline more than 10% with example 2, per 667m2Seed farm (female parent) need to use the hybridization recruitment of 20~30 or so.
Although above the present invention is made to retouch in detail with general explanation, embodiment and experiment State, but on the basis of the present invention, it can be made some modifications or improvements, this is apparent to those skilled in the art 's.Therefore, these modifications or improvements without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention, are belonged to claimed Scope.

Claims (8)

  1. A kind of 1. method for improving eggplant hybrid seeding efficiency, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
    1) intermission seeding：The sowing time is controlled, it is 20~32 DEG C to make male parent, maternal full-bloom stage ambient air temperature, and male parent is than maternal 15d~20d is sowed ahead of time；
    2) maternal plant adjusts：7d~10d before hybridization pollination, double stalk trainings are carried out to female parent；1d~2d before hybridization pollination, Extract all flowers opened and the fruit tied on maternal plant；
    3) paternal pollen gathers：1d~2d before pollination, the big bud that morning collection male parent will open, takes out flower pesticide, in cool place Make flower pesticide top natural cracking at drying, it is standby to take out pollen；
    4) artificial pollination：When maternal third layer spend a bud just ready to burst when, start hybridization pollination；Pollen is placed in pollination tube and awarded Powder, every plant of hybridization are beared fruit after 6~8, that is, terminate to pollinate, plant top terminal bud and empty branch and bottom old leaf are extractd；
    5) collect seed：When hybridization fruit is fully ripe, harvesting, after-ripening, collect seed.
  2. 2. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that male parent and maternal planting proportion are 1 in the step 1): 4~5.
  3. 3. method according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that in the step 1) maternal plantation density be 1600 plants/ 667m2~2000 plants/667m2, male parent plantation density is 2200~2500 plants/667m2。
  4. 4. the method according to claim 1 or 3, it is characterised in that in the step 3), it is 24 DEG C that flower pesticide, which is dried in the air in temperature, ~26 DEG C, 16h~20h in the environment of relative humidity 40%~50%, make its top natural cracking, pollen uniformly shed.
  5. 5. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that in the step 4), pollinated using pollination tube, every female parent Only pollination 1 time after petal emasculation, without repeating to pollinate.
  6. 6. method according to claim 1 or 5, it is characterised in that in the step 4), using marking pen in hybridization flower Tint and be marked on anthocaulus or calyx.
  7. 7. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that in the step 5), the concrete operations of after-ripening are to pluck Ripening fruits afterwards is placed in after-ripening 5d~7d at shady and cool ventilation.
  8. 8. according to the method described in any one of claim 1~7, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
    1) intermission seeding：The sowing time is controlled, it is 20~32 DEG C to make male parent, maternal full-bloom stage ambient air temperature, and male parent is than maternal 15d~20d is sowed ahead of time；Male parent and maternal planting proportion are 1:4~5, and the planting density of male parent is more than female parent；
    2) maternal plant adjusts：The 7d before hybridization pollination, double stalk trainings are carried out to female parent；1d~2d before hybridization pollination, extract All flowers opened and the fruit tied on maternal plant；
    3) paternal pollen gathers：1d~2d before pollination, the big bud that morning collection male parent will open, takes out flower pesticide, dries in the air in temperature Spend for 16h~20h in 24 DEG C~26 DEG C, the environment of relative humidity 40%~50%, its top natural cracking, pollen is uniformly dissipated Go out；
    4) artificial pollination：When maternal third layer spend a bud just ready to burst when, proceed by hybridization pollination；Pollen is placed in pollination tube Row pollination, only once, every plant of hybridization is beared fruit 6~8 for pollination after every maternal petal emasculation, after pollination terminates, by plant top Terminal bud is extractd with empty branch and bottom old leaf；
    5) collect seed：When hybridization fruit is fully ripe, harvesting, after-ripening 5d~7d, collect seed.
CN201710730735.3A 2017-08-23 2017-08-23 A kind of method for improving eggplant hybrid seeding efficiency Pending CN107494252A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112806256A (en) * 2021-02-19 2021-05-18 杭州市农业科学研究院 Simple method for selfing and pollinating eggplants
CN113597992A (en) * 2021-08-27 2021-11-05 武汉市农业科学院 Method for improving eggplant hybrid seed production quality by using greenhouse

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CN105941133A (en) * 2016-05-29 2016-09-21 寿光市科园春种业有限公司 Seed production method in eggplant net house
CN105993498A (en) * 2016-05-29 2016-10-12 寿光市新世纪种苗有限公司 Eggplant sunlight greenhouse seed production method
CN107006365A (en) * 2017-05-20 2017-08-04 杨化 A kind of method for improving eggplant hybridization seed production purity

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112806256A (en) * 2021-02-19 2021-05-18 杭州市农业科学研究院 Simple method for selfing and pollinating eggplants
CN113597992A (en) * 2021-08-27 2021-11-05 武汉市农业科学院 Method for improving eggplant hybrid seed production quality by using greenhouse
NL2032727A (en) * 2021-08-27 2023-03-08 Wuhan Acad Agricultural Sciences Method for improving the quality of solanum melongena hybrid seed production by using greenhouse

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