CN107006365A - A kind of method for improving eggplant hybridization seed production purity - Google Patents
A kind of method for improving eggplant hybridization seed production purity Download PDFInfo
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- CN107006365A CN107006365A CN201710420493.8A CN201710420493A CN107006365A CN 107006365 A CN107006365 A CN 107006365A CN 201710420493 A CN201710420493 A CN 201710420493A CN 107006365 A CN107006365 A CN 107006365A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method for improving eggplant hybridization seed production purity, bud isolation is covered using absorbent cotton and breeds parent, parents' purity is reached the requirement of original seed；The coordinate force of cross combination is determined, is conducive to selecting fruit-setting rate height and the more excellent combination of single fruit seed number；The production of hybrid seeds phase is determined, best weather conditions are provided for producing Crossbred；Rational close planting, according to father, maternal plant height, it is determined that suitable planting density and planting proportion, it is ensured that hybrid seed yield and benefit；Parental plant adjusts, and paternal plant adjustment is conducive to obtaining sufficient pollen, and maternal plant adjustment is conducive to determining optimal production of hybrid seeds position and amount of hybridization, improves single fruit seed number；Flower pesticide is plucked, dried, and pollen is produced, preserved, it is ensured that obtain the pollen that quality is high, vitality is strong；Emasculation, pollination, cover flower, mark, it is disposable to complete, reduce production cost, it is to avoid the insect string powder such as honeybee, it is high to breach outcrossing rate, the low production of hybrid seeds difficult point of purity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of plant breeding, and in particular to a kind of method of raising eggplant hybridization seed production purity.
Background technology
Eggplant hybrid vigour is obvious, commonly used first-filial generation seed in production.The artificial hybridization production of hybrid seeds is that current eggplant is miscellaneous
Hand over kind of a usability methods for production.Through retrieving relevant cross seed producing technology of eggplant document and Liaoning Province and Anhui Province's eggplant hybrid seeding
Technical regulation is found：The core technology of eggplant hybrid seeding is essentially identical, i.e., isolation distance between parent, between parent and other kinds
No less than 200m, emasculation in 1~3 day before blooming, the bloom same day or second day are pollinated, and repetition in second day is pollinated after pollination.But eggplant
It is self-pollination or often cross-pollinated plant, natural hybrization rate is 5%~7%, high up to more than 10%, in hybrid seeding process
Middle generally existing purity is not high, the problem of yield is unstable, and parent and first-filial generation are especially bred in the case of without isolation condition
Seed, it is difficult to ensure that seed quality is up to state standards.The obvious bulletin of eggplant cenospecies on the market have purity >=
98.0% (one-level breeding), purity >=95.0% (two grades of breedings), purity >=90.0% 3 kind, therefore needed in actual production
There is a kind of method that can improve eggplant hybridization seed production purity.
The content of the invention
To solve the above problems, the invention provides a kind of method for improving eggplant hybridization seed production purity, according to eggplant
Characteristic of growing and existing artificial hybridization producing method for seed, break the technology that eggplant hybridization seed production purity is low, yield is unstable difficult
Point.The coordinate force of cross combination is bred, determined by parent, determine production of hybrid seeds phase, rational close planting, parental plant adjustment, pollen system
Work, producing Crossbred, cover plant after flower, pollination and arrange etc., it is low to form simple, practicality, purity height, stable yield, cost, profitable
Cross seed producing technology of eggplant.
To achieve the above object, the technical scheme taken of the present invention is：
A kind of method for improving eggplant hybridization seed production purity, comprises the following steps：
S1, using cover bud isolation method carry out parent breed
Open father, maternal big bud are both fastened knitting wool and marked by selection for second day, then choose valve of blooming with pin or toothpick,
Puncture flower pesticide, with finger bullet it is several under, then cover the thick medical absorbent cotton of last layer cotton paper, or directly with the medical absorbent cotton of cotton paper thickness
Bud is muffled, with several lower supple-mentary pollination of finger bullet in Post flowering 1~2 day.
S2, the coordinate force for determining cross combination
The feature and hybridization F of parents is recorded in system observation0~F1Represent now, wherein emphasis is the quality of flower of female parent, F0
Generation hybridization fruit-setting rate, single fruit seed number, thousand grain weigth and seed yield, analyze cross compatibility with this, determine whether preparation valency
Value.
S3, determine the production of hybrid seeds phase
Eggplant hybrid seeding can be divided into the summer production of hybrid seeds and the autumn production of hybrid seeds, 30 days or so production of hybrid seeds phase；Dali prefecture Binchuan County open country
The summer production of hybrid seeds is sowed in late January to early Febuary, late March field planting, starts producing Crossbred, pollination mid-June knot mid-May
Beam, starts fruit picking mid-July, and early August fruit picking terminates；The autumn production of hybrid seeds is on May, the middle ten days sowing, late June field planting, in August
Start in ten days in producing Crossbred, September, last ten-days period pollination terminates, and starts fruit picking mid-October, late November fruit picking terminates；The summer production of hybrid seeds
Single fruit seed number is more, but decayed fruit rate is high；Autumn production of hybrid seeds single fruit seed number is less, but decayed fruit rate is low, cuts both ways.In order to ensure
Production of hybrid seeds early stage has enough pollen, and the sowing time of male parent and transplanting time shift to an earlier date 15 days or so than female parent.
S4, rational close planting
The planting proportion of Parent is 1: 4~5；According to male parent plant height and demand of picking flowers, determine that the field planting of male parent suitably is close
Degree, with 90~100cm line reason moisture in the soils, furrow width 35cm, ditch depth 20cm, the wide 55~65cm of moisture in the soil plant duplicate rows per moisture in the soil；Line-spacing 40~
50cm, spacing in the rows 40cm, per 667m23330~3700 plants of field planting；According to maternal plant height and it is easy to operation, it is determined that maternal suitable determines
Density in planting, with 120~130cm line reason moisture in the soils, furrow width 40cm, ditch depth 20cm, the wide 80~90cm of moisture in the soil plant duplicate rows per moisture in the soil；Line-spacing 50
~60cm, spacing in the rows 50cm, per 667m22050~2220 plants of field planting.
S5, parental plant adjustment
Male parent：2~4 limbs are selected and remain under door eggplant fork, or are broken except the axillary bud below door eggplant, 4 are selected and remain more than door eggplant
~6 limbs, it is ensured that have the pollen of abundance.
It is maternal：Door eggplant and following axillary bud, the production of hybrid seeds since to eggplant are extractd in time, is terminated to four door sockets, hybridize 4~5
Fruit.
S6, pollen make
S61, the harvesting same day are just open, and flower pesticide then takes out flower pesticide in golden yellow male parent flower, dries, flower pesticide is divided
In porcelain dish, a 60W bulb is up hung at 20~22cm, flower pesticide is dried with the heat of bulb, cooking time be 6~
7 hours, stir 3~4 times.
S62, the flower pesticide after drying process is wrapped in and beats sieve in the gauze kerchief of 120 mesh and takes, you can obtain the flower of high-quality
Powder.
S63, will produce gained pollen be fitted into vial, cover lid, preserve stand-by in the refrigerator for being placed on 4~5 DEG C.
S7, producing Crossbred
The open big bud of female parent was both carried out emasculation in second day by selection, and emasculation will gently break petal into two with one's hands, be removed with tweezers folder
Whole flower pesticide, must not be damaged column cap, if finding, short column headdress flower should be extractd, and fastened knitting wool on anthocaulus after emasculation and marked；After emasculation
And then pollinate, make pollination rod with writing brush or cotton swab, dip in pollen and gently smear in maternal column cap；The producing Crossbred time, summer is
7:00~12:00, started after autumn, dew was dry in the morning, noon terminates.
S8, illiteracy flower
Covered and spent with the thick medical absorbent cotton of one layer of cotton paper after pollination, prevent the insect string powder such as honeybee；Emasculation, pollination, cover flower,
Mark disposable completion, do not repeat to pollinate, reduce workload, obtain the cenospecies one-level breeding of high-purity, i.e. purity >=
98.0%.
Plant arranges after S9, pollination
After producing Crossbred end-of-job, extract flower, flower bud and the unnecessary branch on plant top, and topmost allocarpy with
On stay 2~3 leaf pinching, it is ensured that the development of nutrient centralizedly supply allocarpy.
The invention has the advantages that：
Bud isolation is covered using absorbent cotton and breeds parent, parents' purity is reached the requirement of original seed；Determine cross combination
Coordinate force, is conducive to selecting fruit-setting rate height and the more excellent combination of single fruit seed number；The production of hybrid seeds phase is determined, is that producing Crossbred is carried
For best weather conditions；Rational close planting, according to father, maternal plant height, it is determined that suitable planting density and planting proportion, it is ensured that system
Plant yield and benefit；Parental plant adjusts, and paternal plant adjustment is conducive to obtaining sufficient pollen, and maternal plant adjustment is conducive to
It is determined that optimal production of hybrid seeds position and amount of hybridization, improve single fruit seed number；Flower pesticide is plucked, dried, and pollen is produced, preserved, it is ensured that obtained
The pollen that quality is high, vitality is strong；Emasculation, pollination, illiteracy are spent, marked, disposable to complete, and reduce production cost, it is to avoid
The insect string powder such as honeybee, breaches outcrossing rate height, the low production of hybrid seeds difficult point of purity；Plant, which arranges, after pollination is conducive to improving solid
Rate, increases hybrid seed yield.The present invention both ensure that hybrid seed yield, solves again and breeds parent and first-filial generation under the conditions of no isolation
The low production of hybrid seeds difficult point of seed purity.
Embodiment
In order that objects and advantages of the present invention are more clearly understood, the present invention is carried out with reference to embodiments further
Describe in detail.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not used to limit this hair
It is bright.
The father of example 1 below~3, maternal seed purity reach 99.9%, male parent single fruit seed number 500~700, kind
Sub- 4.2~4.7g of mass of 1000 kernel, every 667m218~26kg of seed yield；Maternal single fruit seed number 700~1100, thousand grain weigth
3.1~3.7g, every 667m222~30kg of seed yield；Hybrid seed purity reaches 98.0%, single fruit seed number 900~1100,
3.78~3.81g of thousand grain weigth, per 667m2Seed yield, 28~37kg.
Embodiment 1
Miscellaneous No. 4 (purple long eggplant) production of hybrid seeds of Dali eggplant
(1) parent breeds
Open father, maternal big bud are both fastened knitting wool and marked by selection for second day, then choose valve of blooming with pin or toothpick,
Puncture flower pesticide, with finger bullet it is several under, then cover the thick medical absorbent cotton of last layer cotton paper.Father, maternal seed purity is measured to reach
To 99.9%, male parent (M04) single fruit seed number 620, thousand grain weigth 4.707g, per 667m2Seed yield 25.91kg；It is maternal
(B04) single fruit seed number 1084, thousand grain weigth 3.093g, per 667m2Seed yield 29.77kg.
(2) coordinate force of cross combination is determined
The feature and hybridization F of parents is recorded in system observation0~F1Represent now, wherein emphasis is the quality of flower of female parent, F0
Generation hybridization fruit-setting rate, single fruit seed number, thousand grain weigth and seed yield.Measure F0Generation hybridization fruit-setting rate 95.2%, single fruit seed
Number 1043, thousand grain weigth 3.780g, every 667m2Seed yield 31.87kg.
(3) production of hybrid seeds phase is determined
In the open country summer production of hybrid seeds of Dali prefecture Binchuan County, in sowing on January 25, field planting on March 18 started emasculation May 15
Pollination, June 12, pollination terminated, and July 13 started fruit picking, and August fruit picking on the 10th terminates, 27 days production of hybrid seeds phases.Summer production of hybrid seeds single fruit
Seed number is more, but decayed fruit rate is higher.In order to ensure production of hybrid seeds early stage has enough pollen, the sowing time of male parent and transplanting time ratio are female
This is 16 days in advance.
(4) rational close planting
The planting proportion of Parent is 1: 5.
Male parent plants duplicate rows per moisture in the soil with 100cm line reason moisture in the soils, furrow width 35cm, ditch depth 20cm, the wide 65cm of moisture in the soil.Line-spacing 50cm,
Spacing in the rows 40cm, per 667m23330 plants of field planting.
Maternal to manage moisture in the soil with 120cm line, furrow width 40cm, ditch depth 20cm, the wide 80cm of moisture in the soil plant duplicate rows per moisture in the soil.Seeding row spacing 50cm
× 50cm, per 667m22220 plants of field planting.
(5) parental plant adjusts
Male parent selects and remain 3 limbs under door eggplant fork, it is ensured that production of hybrid seeds early stage has the pollen of abundance.
It is maternal to extract door eggplant and following axillary bud, the production of hybrid seeds since to eggplant in time, terminate to four door sockets, hybridize 4~5
Really.
(6) pollen makes
Just open on the day of plucking flower pesticide harvesting, flower pesticide then takes out flower pesticide in golden yellow male parent flower.
Flower pesticide drying is divided flower pesticide in porcelain dish, and a 60W bulb is up hung at 20cm, with the heat of bulb
Flower pesticide is dried, cooking time is 6 hours, is stirred 3 times.
Produce pollen and powder method is taken using artificial beat, the flower pesticide after drying process is wrapped in the gauze kerchief of 120 mesh and struck
Beat sieve to take, you can obtain the pollen of high-quality.
Pollen storage pollen is fitted into vial after producing, and covers lid, preserves stand-by in the refrigerator for being placed on 4~5 DEG C.
(7) producing Crossbred
Emasculation selects second day the open big bud of female parent both was carried out into emasculation, if finding, short column headdress flower should be extractd.Emasculation
Afterwards knitting wool is fastened on anthocaulus to mark.
And then pollinated after pollination emasculation, make pollination rod with writing brush or cotton swab, dip in pollen and gently smear in maternal column cap.
The producing Crossbred time is 7:00~12:00.
(8) flower is covered
Covered and spent with the thick medical absorbent cotton of one layer of cotton paper after pollination, prevent the insect string powder such as honeybee.
Emasculation, pollination, cover flower, disposable completion of marking, repeat pollinate, reduce workload, obtain high-purity it is miscellaneous
Hand over kind of one-level breeding, i.e. purity >=98.0%.
(9) plant arranges after pollinating
Flower, flower bud and the unnecessary branch on plant top are extractd after producing Crossbred end-of-job, and in topmost allocarpy
3 leaf pinching are stayed above, it is ensured that the development of nutrient centralizedly supply allocarpy.
The present invention has substantive distinguishing features and marked improvement, according to grow characteristic and the existing artificial hybridization of eggplant
Producing method for seed, breaks the technological difficulties that eggplant hybridization seed production purity is low, yield is unstable.Obtain purity and reach that 98.0%, yield reaches
To 31.87kg/667m2Hybrid seed.
Embodiment 2
Dali Qieza No.6 (purple long eggplant, Yunnan Province's non-principal crop varietal approval committee passed through in 2013) is made
Kind
(1) parent breeds
Open father, maternal big bud were both fastened knitting wool and marked by selection for second day, then with thick medical of one layer of cotton paper
Absorbent cotton muffles bud, several lower with finger bullet in Post flowering 1~2 day.Father, maternal seed purity is measured to reach
99.9%, male parent (K04) single fruit seed number 658, thousand grain weigth 4.443g, every 667m2Seed yield 25.90kg；It is maternal
(B04) single fruit subnumber 1084, thousand grain weigth 3.093g, every 667m2Seed yield 29.77kg.
(2) coordinate force of cross combination is determined
Feature and the hybridization F0~F1 generation performance of parents is recorded in system observation, wherein emphasis be flower of female parent quality,
F0 generation hybridization fruit-setting rate, single fruit seed number, thousand grain weigth and seed yield.Measure F0 generation hybridization fruit-setting rate 91.3%, single fruit kind
Subnumber 1121, thousand grain weigth 3.787g, every 667m2Seed yield 36.72kg.
(3) production of hybrid seeds phase is determined
In the open country autumn production of hybrid seeds of Dali prefecture Binchuan County, in sowing on May 15, field planting on June 25, August starts emasculation on 20th
Pollination, September pollination on the 25th terminates, and October 18 started fruit picking, and fruit picking on November 27 terminates, 36 days production of hybrid seeds phases.Autumn production of hybrid seeds list
Fruit seed number is less, but decayed fruit rate is low.In order to ensure production of hybrid seeds early stage has enough pollen, the sowing time of male parent and transplanting time ratio are female
Originally 10 days are advanced by.
(4) rational close planting
The planting proportion of Parent is 1: 4.
Male parent plants duplicate rows per moisture in the soil with 90cm line reason moisture in the soils, furrow width 35cm, ditch depth 20cm, the wide 55cm of moisture in the soil.Seeding row spacing 40cm
× 40cm, per 667m23700 plants of field planting.
Maternal to manage moisture in the soil with 120cm line, furrow width 40cm, ditch depth 20cm, the wide 80cm of moisture in the soil plant duplicate rows per moisture in the soil.Seeding row spacing 50cm
× 50cm, per 667m22220 plants of field planting.
(5) parental plant adjusts
Male parent is broken except the axillary bud below door eggplant, and 4 limbs are selected and remain more than door eggplant, it is ensured that have the pollen of abundance.
It is maternal to extract door eggplant and following axillary bud, the production of hybrid seeds since to eggplant in time, terminate to four door sockets, hybridize 4~5
Really.
(6) pollen makes
Just open on the day of plucking flower pesticide harvesting, flower pesticide then takes out flower pesticide in golden yellow male parent flower.
Flower pesticide drying is divided flower pesticide in porcelain dish, and a 60W bulb is up hung at 22cm, with the heat of bulb
Flower pesticide is dried, cooking time is 7 hours, is stirred 4 times.
Produce pollen and powder method is taken using artificial beat, the flower pesticide after drying process is wrapped in the gauze kerchief of 120 mesh and struck
Beat sieve to take, you can obtain the pollen of high-quality.
Pollen storage pollen is fitted into vial after producing, and covers lid, preserves stand-by in the refrigerator for being placed on 4~5 DEG C.
(7) producing Crossbred
Emasculation selects second day the open big bud of female parent both was carried out into emasculation, if finding, short column headdress flower should be extractd.Emasculation
Afterwards knitting wool is fastened on anthocaulus to mark.
And then pollinated after pollination emasculation, make pollination rod with writing brush or cotton swab, dip in pollen and gently smear in maternal column cap.
The producing Crossbred time starts after dew is dry in the morning, and noon terminates.
(8) flower is covered
Covered and spent with the thick medical absorbent cotton of one layer of cotton paper after pollination, prevent the insect string powder such as honeybee.
Emasculation, pollination, cover flower, disposable completion of marking, repeat pollinate, reduce workload, obtain high-purity it is miscellaneous
Hand over kind of one-level breeding, i.e. purity >=98.0%.
(9) plant arranges after pollinating
Flower, flower bud and the unnecessary branch on plant top are extractd after producing Crossbred end-of-job, and in topmost allocarpy
2 leaf pinching are stayed above, it is ensured that the development of nutrient centralizedly supply allocarpy.
The present invention has substantive distinguishing features and marked improvement, according to grow characteristic and the existing artificial hybridization of eggplant
Producing method for seed, breaks the technological difficulties that eggplant hybridization seed production purity is low, yield is unstable.Obtain purity and reach that 98.0%, yield reaches
To 36.72kg/667m2Hybrid seed.
Embodiment 3
Dali eggplant × eyebrow state eggplant (black eggplant) production of hybrid seeds
(1) parent breeds
Open father, maternal big bud were both fastened knitting wool and marked by selection for second day, then with thick medical of one layer of cotton paper
Absorbent cotton muffles bud, several lower with finger bullet in Post flowering 1~2 day.Father, maternal seed purity is measured to reach
99.9%, male parent (MZ10) single fruit seed number 529, thousand grain weigth 4.240g, per 667m2Seed yield 18.39kg；It is maternal
(DL10) single fruit seed number 721, thousand grain weigth 3.660g, per 667m2Seed yield 21.64kg.
(2) coordinate force of cross combination is determined
The feature and hybridization F of parents is recorded in system observation0~F1Represent now, wherein emphasis is the quality of flower of female parent, F0
Generation hybridization fruit-setting rate, single fruit seed number, thousand grain weigth and seed yield.Measure F0Generation hybridization fruit-setting rate 93.6%, single fruit seed
Number 884, thousand grain weigth 3.807g, every 667m2Seed yield 27.61kg.
(3) production of hybrid seeds phase is determined
In the open country autumn production of hybrid seeds of Dali prefecture Binchuan County, in sowing on May 10, field planting on June 22, August starts emasculation on 17th
Pollination, September pollination on the 19th terminates, and October 13 started fruit picking, and fruit picking on November 22 terminates, 33 days production of hybrid seeds phases.Autumn production of hybrid seeds list
Fruit seed number is less, but decayed fruit rate is low.In order to ensure production of hybrid seeds early stage has enough pollen, the sowing time of male parent and transplanting time ratio are female
Originally 14 days are advanced by.
(4) rational close planting
The planting proportion of Parent is 1: 5.
Male parent plants duplicate rows per moisture in the soil with 100cm line reason moisture in the soils, furrow width 35cm, ditch depth 20cm, the wide 65cm of moisture in the soil.Line-spacing 50cm,
Spacing in the rows 40cm, per 667m23330 plants of field planting.
Maternal to manage moisture in the soil with 130cm line, furrow width 40cm, ditch depth 20cm, the wide 90cm of moisture in the soil plant duplicate rows per moisture in the soil.Line-spacing 60cm,
Spacing in the rows 50cm, per 667m22050 plants of field planting.
(5) parental plant adjusts
Male parent selects and remain 3 limbs under door eggplant fork, it is ensured that production of hybrid seeds early stage has the pollen of abundance.
It is maternal to extract door eggplant and following axillary bud, the production of hybrid seeds since to eggplant in time, terminate to four door sockets, hybridize 4~5
Really.
(6) pollen makes
Just open on the day of plucking flower pesticide harvesting, flower pesticide then takes out flower pesticide in golden yellow male parent flower.
Flower pesticide drying is divided flower pesticide in porcelain dish, and a 60W bulb is up hung at 22cm, with the heat of bulb
Flower pesticide is dried, cooking time is 7 hours, is stirred 4 times.
Produce pollen and powder method is taken using artificial beat, the flower pesticide after drying process is wrapped in the gauze kerchief of 120 mesh and struck
Beat sieve to take, you can obtain the pollen of high-quality.
Pollen storage pollen is fitted into vial after producing, and covers lid, preserves stand-by in the refrigerator for being placed on 4~5 DEG C.
(7) producing Crossbred
Emasculation selects second day the open big bud of female parent both was carried out into emasculation, if finding, short column headdress flower should be extractd.Emasculation
Afterwards knitting wool is fastened on anthocaulus to mark.
And then pollinated after pollination emasculation, make pollination rod with writing brush or cotton swab, dip in pollen and gently smear in maternal column cap.
The producing Crossbred time starts after dew is dry in the morning, and noon terminates.
(8) flower is covered
Covered and spent with the thick medical absorbent cotton of one layer of cotton paper after pollination, prevent the insect string powder such as honeybee.
Emasculation, pollination, cover flower, disposable completion of marking, repeat pollinate, reduce workload, obtain high-purity it is miscellaneous
Hand over kind of one-level breeding, i.e. purity >=98.0%.
(9) plant arranges after pollinating
Flower, flower bud and the unnecessary branch on plant top are extractd after producing Crossbred end-of-job, and in topmost allocarpy
2 leaf pinching are stayed above, it is ensured that the development of nutrient centralizedly supply allocarpy.
The present invention has substantive distinguishing features and marked improvement.According to grow characteristic and the existing artificial hybridization of eggplant
Producing method for seed, breaks the technological difficulties that eggplant hybridization seed production purity is low, yield is unstable.Obtain purity and reach that 98.0%, yield reaches
To 27.61kg/667m2Hybrid seed.
Described above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications also should
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of method for improving eggplant hybridization seed production purity, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
S1, using cover bud isolation method carry out parent breed
Open father, maternal big bud are both fastened knitting wool and marked by selection for second day, then choose valve of blooming with pin or toothpick, puncture
Flower pesticide, with finger bullet it is several under, then cover the thick medical absorbent cotton of last layer cotton paper, or directly with the thick medical absorbent cotton of cotton paper spending
Flower bud is muffled, with several lower supple-mentary pollination of finger bullet in Post flowering 1~2 day.
S2, the coordinate force for determining cross combination
The feature and hybridization F of parents is recorded in system observation0~F1Represent now, wherein emphasis is the quality of flower of female parent, F0For miscellaneous
Fruit-setting rate, single fruit seed number, thousand grain weigth and seed yield are handed over, cross compatibility is analyzed with this, preparation value is determined whether.
S3, determine the production of hybrid seeds phase
Eggplant hybrid seeding can be divided into the summer production of hybrid seeds and the autumn production of hybrid seeds, 30 days or so production of hybrid seeds phase；Dali prefecture Binchuan County open country summer
The production of hybrid seeds is sowed in late January to early Febuary, late March field planting, starts producing Crossbred mid-May, mid-June, pollination terminated, and 7
The middle of the month starts fruit picking, and early August fruit picking terminates；The autumn production of hybrid seeds is on May, the middle ten days sowing, and late June field planting is opened mid-August
In beginning producing Crossbred, September, the last ten-days period pollination terminate, start fruit picking mid-October, late November fruit picking terminates；In order to ensure the production of hybrid seeds
Early stage has enough pollen, and the sowing time of male parent and transplanting time shift to an earlier date 15 days or so than female parent.
S4, rational close planting
The planting proportion of Parent is 1: 4~5；According to male parent plant height and demand of picking flowers, the suitable plantation density of male parent is determined, with
90~100cm line reason moisture in the soils, furrow width 35cm, ditch depth 20cm, the wide 55~65cm of moisture in the soil plants duplicate rows per moisture in the soil；40~50cm of line-spacing, spacing in the rows
40cm, per 667m23330~3700 plants of field planting；According to maternal plant height and it is easy to operation, it is determined that maternal suitable plantation density, with
120~130cm line reason moisture in the soils, furrow width 40cm, ditch depth 20cm, the wide 80~90cm of moisture in the soil plants duplicate rows per moisture in the soil；50~60cm of line-spacing, strain
Away from 50cm, per 667m22050~2220 plants of field planting.
S5, parental plant adjustment
Male parent：2~4 limbs are selected and remain under door eggplant fork, or are broken except the axillary bud below door eggplant, 4~6 are selected and remain more than door eggplant
Limb, it is ensured that have the pollen of abundance.
It is maternal：Door eggplant and following axillary bud, the production of hybrid seeds since to eggplant are extractd in time, is terminated to four door sockets, and 4~5 fruits of hybridization are
Can.
S6, pollen make
S61, the harvesting same day are just open, and flower pesticide then takes out flower pesticide in golden yellow male parent flower, dries, flower pesticide is divided in porcelain
In disk, a 60W bulb is up hung at 20~22cm, flower pesticide is dried with the heat of bulb, cooking time is 6~7 small
When, stir 3~4 times.
S62, the flower pesticide after drying process is wrapped in and beats sieve in the gauze kerchief of 120 mesh and takes, you can obtain the pollen of high-quality.
S63, will produce gained pollen be fitted into vial, cover lid, preserve stand-by in the refrigerator for being placed on 4~5 DEG C.
S7, producing Crossbred
The open big bud of female parent was both carried out emasculation in second day by selection, and emasculation will gently break petal into two with one's hands, and whole is removed with tweezers folder
Flower pesticide, must not be damaged column cap, if finding, short column headdress flower should be extractd, and fastened knitting wool on anthocaulus after emasculation and marked；After emasculation immediately
Pollination, pollination rod is made with writing brush or cotton swab, dips in pollen and gently smear in maternal column cap；Producing Crossbred time, summer is 7：00
~12：00, started after autumn, dew was dry in the morning, noon terminates.
S8, illiteracy flower
Covered and spent with the thick medical absorbent cotton of one layer of cotton paper after pollination, prevent the insect string powder such as honeybee.
Plant arranges after S9, pollination
After producing Crossbred end-of-job, flower, flower bud and the unnecessary branch on plant top are extractd, and is stayed more than topmost allocarpy
2~3 leaf pinching, it is ensured that the development of nutrient centralizedly supply allocarpy.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107494252A (en) * | 2017-08-23 | 2017-12-22 | 江西省农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | A kind of method for improving eggplant hybrid seeding efficiency |
| CN112806256A (en) * | 2021-02-19 | 2021-05-18 | 杭州市农业科学研究院 | Simple method for selfing and pollinating eggplants |
| CN113597992A (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2021-11-05 | 武汉市农业科学院 | Method for improving eggplant hybrid seed production quality by using greenhouse |
-
2017
- 2017-05-20 CN CN201710420493.8A patent/CN107006365A/en active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| 杨化: "茄子杂交制种技术", 《栽培技术》 * |
| 辽宁省农业科学院: "《蔬菜生产技术手册》", 31 July 1980, 辽宁人民出版社 * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107494252A (en) * | 2017-08-23 | 2017-12-22 | 江西省农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | A kind of method for improving eggplant hybrid seeding efficiency |
| CN112806256A (en) * | 2021-02-19 | 2021-05-18 | 杭州市农业科学研究院 | Simple method for selfing and pollinating eggplants |
| CN113597992A (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2021-11-05 | 武汉市农业科学院 | Method for improving eggplant hybrid seed production quality by using greenhouse |
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