CN105209478A - 使用非离心方法从组织制备细胞因子组合物的方法 - Google Patents
使用非离心方法从组织制备细胞因子组合物的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
从含细胞因子产生细胞的组织产生富含白介素-1受体拮抗剂的溶液的设备和方法。所述设备包括与分离系统一起使用的过滤器。所述分离系统可以包括浮标。
Description
介绍
本技术涉及一种治疗炎性疾病,包括骨关节炎的方法。特别是,方法包括使用含细胞因子的脱细胞溶液。
炎症是一个复杂的细胞和生化过程,其发生在受影响的血管和邻近组织中,以应答由物理、化学或生物制剂,例如病原体、过敏原或刺激物,引起的损伤或异常刺激。炎症过程包括局部反应和在组织中产生的形态变化;破坏或去除致病物;以及导致修复和愈合的应答。在大多数情况下,炎症是一种有益的且短暂的过程,当机体攻击和克服了传染原或其他有害物质,就会消退。然而,在某些情况下,炎症能够是慢性自我延续的过程,例如,作为正在进行的退化过程(如关节炎)或自身免疫性疾病的部分,导致组织破坏。慢性炎症与多种疾病相关,包括类风湿性关节炎、动脉粥样硬化、缺血性心脏病、牙周炎、结肠炎和一些癌症。
炎症应答由许多生化反应组成,涉及局部血管系统和免疫系统,以及受损组织内的各种细胞。该过程涉及释放许多来源于细胞的介质,包括组胺、γ干扰素、白介素8、白三烯、一氧化氮、前列腺素、肿瘤坏死因子α和白介素-1。尤其是,白介素-1(IL-1)包括细胞因子家族,其能刺激淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞,活化噬菌细胞,增加前列腺素的产生,有助于骨关节退化,提高骨髓细胞的增殖,并参与许多慢性炎性病症。IL-1可由巨噬细胞、单核细胞和树突细胞产生,并且可以是抗感染的炎性应答的部分。
IL-1的作用模式可以通过白介素-1受体拮抗蛋白(IL-1ra;也称为“IRAP”)来介导。IL-1ra与IL-1结合细胞表面上相同的受体,从而阻止IL-1发送信号到该细胞。IL-1ra分泌自白细胞,包括单核细胞、巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞、多形核细胞(PMN)和其他细胞,并且可以调节各种IL-1相关的免疫和炎性应答,如ArendWP,MalyakM,GuthridgeCJ,GabayC(1998)"Interleukin-1receptorantagonist:roleinbiology"Annu.Rev.Immunol.16:27-55所述。IL-1ra的产生是由一些物质刺激的,所述物质包括粘附免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、其他细胞因子以及细菌或病毒组分。IL-1ra,以及其它细胞因子,如可溶性肿瘤坏死因子受体1(sTNF-R1)、可溶性肿瘤坏死因子受体2(sTNF-R2)和可溶性白介素受体II(sIL-lRII),是关节炎、结肠炎、和肉芽肿性肺病中的重要的天然抗炎蛋白。
IL-1ra可以用于治疗类风湿性关节炎,一种自身免疫性疾病,其中IL-1起着关键的作用,减轻与所述疾病相关的炎症和软骨退化。例如,KineretTM(anakinra)是重组的、非糖基化形式的IL-1ra(AmgenManufacturing,Ltd.,ThousandOaks,California)。各种重组白介素-1抑制剂和治疗方法描述于美国专利号6599873,Sommer等人,公开于2003年7月29日;美国专利号5075222,Hannum等人,公开于1991年12月24日;美国申请公开号2005/0197293,Mellis等人,公开于2005年9月8日。另外,从体液产生IL-1ra,包括使用自体的液体的方法,描述于美国专利号6623472,Reinecke等人,公开于2003年9月23日;美国专利号6713246,Reinecke等人,公开于2004年3月30日;美国专利号6759188,Reinecke等人,公开于2004年7月6日。
许多炎症治疗是已知的现有技术。本领域中已知的治疗,可针对去除引起的炎症反应的潜在刺激物或物质,或通过介导炎性应答的一个或多个方面。实例包括糖皮质类固醇(例如氢化可的松、可的松、泼尼松和倍氯米松)、非类固醇抗炎药(例如阿司匹林、布洛芬和萘普生)和免疫选择性抗炎药。然而,许多治疗存在副作用,特别是在长期施用期间,或者具有限制其使用的药理学特性。例如,虽然使用IL-1ra的组合物和方法是本领域已知的,它们可能与IL-1ra的稳定性和半衰期相关,以及与所供IL-Lra的量和速率有关。此外,许多治疗无助于解决炎症过程的潜在原因。因此,需要治疗炎症的改进的方法,提供提高的功效,降低的副作用,以及改进的施用特性的一种或多种。
概要
本技术提供生成富含抗炎性细胞因子的溶液的方法,所述溶液用于治疗由白介素-1和肿瘤坏死因子α介导的炎症和其他疾病。产生这种溶液的方法包括将一定液体体积的细胞因子产生细胞与固相提取的材料接触,从液体除去固相提取材料,以及冷冻干燥该液体。所述一定液体体积的细胞因子产生细胞通过非离心方法从全血中获得,如过滤、抗体结合、电泳方法。因此,本技术提供了用于产生富含白介素-1受体拮抗剂(IL-1ra)的溶液的方法,包括:
(a)通过使用非离心方法从包含细胞因子产生细胞的组织分离细胞因子产生细胞,获得细胞因子细胞的悬浮液;
(b)将所述细胞因子细胞的悬浮液与固相提取材料接触;和
(c)从固相提取材料分离液体,以获得富含IL-1ra的溶液。
包含细胞因子产生细胞的组织选自全血、骨髓抽吸物、脂肪组织、其部分和它们的混合物。
在各种实施方案中,所述抗炎性细胞因子组合物包含:
(i)白介素-1受体拮抗剂(IL-1ra),浓度为至少约10,000pg/ml;
(ii)可溶性肿瘤坏死因子受体1(sTNF-R1),浓度为至少约1,200pg/ml;和
(iii)蛋白质,选自sTNF-RII、IGF-I、EGF、HGF、PDGF-AB、PDGF-BB、VEGF、TGF-β1、sIL-lRII,和它们的混合物,其中组合物中所述蛋白质的浓度大于正常血液中该蛋白的浓度。
在一些实施方案中,组合物额外还包括白细胞、血小板或其组合。本技术还提供治疗在人或其它哺乳动物对象中由白介素-1受体介导的病症如炎症的方法,包括局部施用本技术的组合物。
附图说明
图1A-1D是用于制备白细胞悬浮液装置的平面图,离心前(图1A)和离心后(图1B),以及回收时(图1C和图1D);
图2A和图2B显示用于激活样品产生抗炎性细胞因子的装置,离心前(图2A)和离心后(图2B)。
相应的参照数字表明整个附图的几个视图中相应的部分。应当指出的是,这里所阐述的附图旨在举例说明本技术中的材料、组合物、装置和方法的一般特征,目的在于描述某些实施方案。这些图可能不会精确地反映任一给定实施方案的特征,且未必意在完全定义或限制该技术的范围内的具体的实施方案。
发明详述
以下技术的描述仅仅示例一个或多个发明的组合物及其制备和使用的特性,并且无意限制本申请或要求本申请优先权的其他申请或由其获得的专利中要求保护的任何特定的发明的范围、应用或使用。在此发明详述的结尾处提供旨在帮助理解本技术的术语和短语的非限制性的讨论。
本技术涉及组合物,制备组合物的方法,以及使用组合物治疗炎性疾病,以及由白介素-1介导的其他疾病的方法。一般情况下,这样的组合物由包括下列步骤的方法制备:
(a)通过用非离心方法从包含细胞因子产生细胞的组织分离细胞因子产生细胞获得细胞因子细胞悬浮液(如以下进一步讨论的“细胞因子细胞悬浮液”);
(b)对进行液体分级以产生包含一种或多种蛋白质,如白介素-1受体拮抗剂的蛋白质溶液。
蛋白质组合物
本技术提供用于治疗人或其他哺乳动物对象的炎性疾病,以及由白介素-1介导的其他疾病的方法,所述方法使用包含生理学上可接受的培养基中溶解、悬浮或另外为输送到哺乳动物对象而携带的蛋白质的组合物(本文中称为“蛋白质溶液”)。在各种实施方案中,这样的组合物包含原产于正常哺乳动物对象的全血中的蛋白质(例如,细胞因子)。这种组合物还可以含有活细胞,包括血小板、白细胞及其组合。
在各种实施方案中,所述蛋白质溶液包含选自IL-1ra、sTNF-RI、sTNF-RII(可溶性肿瘤坏死因子受体2)、IGF-I(胰岛素样生长因子1)、EGF(表皮生长因子)、HGF(肝细胞生长因子)、PDGF-AB(来源于血小板的生长因子AB)、PDGF-BB(来源于血小板的生长因子BB)、VEGF(血管内皮生长因子)、TGF-β1(转化生长因子β1)和sIL-lRII(可溶性白介素受体II)的至少两种蛋白质,其中组合物中每种蛋白的浓度大于其在正常血液中的浓度。虽然组合物中的每一个蛋白的浓度有可能大于正常血液中它们各自的浓度,但没有必要多于两个蛋白质的浓度大于正常的血液它们各自的浓度。
在各种实施方案中,富含血小板的蛋白质溶液包含以下成分。
表1蛋白质溶液示例性蛋白质组分
蛋白质浓度可以使用本领域中已知的方法来测量。例如,可以根据制造商的说明用Quantikine人免疫测定(R&&DSystems,Inc.,Minneapolis,MN)来测定IL-1ra、IL-1β、IL-8、sTNF-RI、TNF-α、IL-6、sTNF-RII、IL-10、IL-13和IL-4。免疫测定可测定肝细胞生长因子和可溶性IL-1RII。
优选地,该组合物还包含活的白细胞、裂解白细胞或两者兼具。在优选的组合物中,所述蛋白质溶液包含单核细胞、粒细胞和血小板。在各种的实施方案中,所述蛋白质溶液包含以下组分。
表2蛋白质溶液示例性细胞组分
应该理解的是,该浓度是物种特异性。此外,应理解的是,浓度可能在个体对象之间有所不同。因此,在包括从血液或含有细胞因子产生细胞的其它组织生产蛋白质溶液的方法中,蛋白质溶液中的蛋白质和细胞浓度可以与上述有所不同;上面列举的值是可从对象群体中看出的浓度均值。
在各种实施方案中,蛋白质溶液中的一种或多种蛋白质或其它组分的浓度大于其在正常血液中的浓度。(较高浓度组分的组合物被说成是“富含”这些组分。)如本文所述,在“正常”血液或其它组织中的组分的浓度是在哺乳动物对象的一般群体,例如,在正常的全血中发现的浓度,所述组织从所述对象获得。在其中所述抗炎性细胞因子组合物来源于来自特定对象的组织的方法中,蛋白质或细胞的“正常”浓度可以是在进行处理以产生蛋白质或细胞前该个体的血液中的浓度。
因此,在各种实施方案中,蛋白质溶液的一种或多种组分的浓度大于正常血液中的成分的浓度高于大约1.5倍、约2倍或约3倍。例如,相对于正常(全)血,组合物中的组分浓度更高,具体如下:
·IL-1ra,其浓度高至少约2.5倍,或至少约3倍,或至少约5倍;
·sTNF-RI,其浓度高至少约2倍,或至少约2.5倍,或至少约3倍;
·sTNF-RII,其浓度高至少约2倍,或至少约2.5倍,或至少约3倍;
·sIL-lRII,其浓度高至少约1.5倍,或至少约1.8倍,或至少约2倍;
·EGF,其浓度高至少约2倍,或至少约3倍,或至少约5倍;
·HGF,其浓度高至少约2倍,或至少约3倍,或至少约4倍;
·PDGF-AB,其浓度高至少约2倍,或至少约3倍,或至少约5倍;
·PDGF-BB,其浓度高至少约2倍,或至少约3倍,或至少约5倍;
·TGF-β1,其浓度高至少约3倍,或至少约4倍,或至少约6倍;
·IGF-1,其浓度高至少约1.2倍,或至少约1.4倍,或至少约1.5倍;
·VEGF,其浓度高至少约2倍,或至少约2.5倍,或至少约3倍;
·白细胞,其浓度高至少约2倍,或至少约3倍,或至少约4倍;
·血小板,其浓度高至少约2倍,或至少约3倍,或至少约4倍;
·嗜中性粒细胞,其浓度高至少约1.5倍,或至少约2倍,或至少约3倍;
·单核细胞,其浓度高至少约3倍,或至少约4倍,或至少约6倍;
·淋巴细胞,其浓度高至少约5倍,或至少约8倍,或至少约10倍;和
·嗜碱性粒细胞,其浓度高至少约2倍,或至少约4倍,或至少约6倍。
还有,优选地,蛋白质溶液中红细胞的浓度比正常血液中的浓度的高至少1/2或1/3。
例如,蛋白质溶液可包括:
(a)至少约10,000pg/mlIL-1ra;
(b)至少约1,200pg/mlsTNF-RI;和
(c)选自sTNF-RII、IGF-I、EGF、HGF、PDGF-AB、PDGF-BB、VEGF、TGF-β1和sIL-lRII及其混合物的蛋白质,其中所述蛋白质的浓度高于正常血液中的所述蛋白质的基线浓度。在另一实例中,蛋白质溶液包含:
(a)白介素-1受体拮抗剂(IL-1ra),其浓度比正常血液中IL-1ra浓度高至少3倍;
(b)可溶性组织坏死因子-r1(sTNF-r1),其浓度比正常血液中IL-1ra的浓度高至少2倍;
(c)白细胞,其浓度比正常血液中的白细胞浓度高至少2倍;和
(d)血小板,其浓度比正常血液中的血小板浓度高至少2倍。
在一些实施方案中,优选地,蛋白质溶液中的IL-1ra浓度比白介素-1α的浓度高至少5,000,或至少10,000倍。IL-lra:白介素-1β(IL-1β)的比值优选为至少100。在一些实施方案中,优选地,蛋白质溶液中的IL-1ra浓度比蛋白质溶液中IL-1β的浓度高至少1500,或至少8000倍。sIL-lRII:IL-1β的比值优选至少大于1。在一些实施方案中,优选地,蛋白质溶液中的sIL-lRII比IL-1β比蛋白质溶液中IL-1β的浓度高至少2000,或45000倍。
本技术提供蛋白质溶液,其中所述蛋白质溶液的一种或多种组分获得自非自体来源,如通过重组或合成方法获得,或通过从同种异体来源分离(即来自与将施用所述溶液的对象同物种的对象)或异种来源(即,来自与将施用所述溶液的对象不同物种的动物来源)。在一些实施方案中,蛋白质溶液由,或基本上由这样的同种异体组分组成。然而,在各种实施方案中,所述蛋白质溶液包含源于根据本技术的治疗方法将施用所述溶液的对象的一种或多种组分(例如,血小板)。相应地,这样的组分是“自体的”。在一些实施方案中,所述蛋白质溶液包含自体和异体组分的混合物。
制备蛋白质溶液的方法
如上讨论,蛋白质溶液通过分部分包含细胞因子产生细胞的液体制备,以产生包含细胞因子如IL-1ra的蛋白质溶液。在各种实施方案中,蛋白质溶液通过从包含细胞因子产生细胞的组织引出一种或多种组分而制备。此处所指的细胞因子产生组织是从哺乳动物对象获得的组织,包含能产生细胞因子的细胞。这些细胞包括白细胞、脂肪基质细胞、骨髓基质细胞以及它们的组合。可以理解的是白细胞包括单核细胞、淋巴细胞和粒细胞如嗜中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞。可用于本技术的方法中的白细胞优选包括单核细胞和嗜中性粒细胞。可用于本文的那些细胞因子产生组织包括血液、脂肪组织、骨髓及其部分,如下进一步讨论。
可用于本文的血液包括全血、血浆、富含血小板的血浆、贫血小板的血浆以及血液凝块。在优选的实施方案中,本技术的方法使用富含血小板的血浆(PRP),含有白细胞和血小板,包含全血沉淀形成的白膜层。可用于本文的脂肪组织包括白色和棕色脂肪组织,其可以源于皮下、网膜/内脏、乳房、生殖腺或其它脂肪组织位点。可用于本文的骨髓包括红骨髓和黄骨髓。在优选实施方案中,骨髓是骨髓浓缩物,从长骨的红骨髓获得,包含造血干细胞和间充质干细胞。如上讨论,本技术的组合物可以从相对于根据本技术的方法的治疗对象而言同种异体来源的血液、脂肪和骨髓组织制备。组合物还可以从同种异体和自体组织的组合制备。
在一些实施方案中,方法包括分部分液体(“细胞因子细胞悬浮液”),其包含能产细胞因子如IL-1ra和sTNF-RI的细胞。如上讨论,这样的细胞包括白细胞、脂肪基质细胞、骨髓基质细胞以及它们的组合。在一些实施方案中,细胞因子细胞悬浮液是包含白细胞的液体。但是应当理解的是,细胞因子细胞悬液包含细胞和细胞外的液体,不管其相对比例。在一些实施方案中,悬浮液主要包括细胞,液体仅作为微量组分存在,基本上润湿细胞。在一些实施方案中,液体可以包括两相,由主要由液体组成的相和主要由细胞组成的相组成,只依靠搅拌或其它混合在所述液体中形成细胞悬浮液。
获得细胞因子细胞悬浮液
获得细胞因子细胞悬浮液可在本技术的一些方法中直接进行,由保健医生或其它个人进行分离、处理或其它产生所述液体的方法,这一过程包括接触和分离步骤。在一些实施方案中,产生所述液体的过程与接触和分离步骤同步进行,作为护理点过程的一部分,如本文进一步讨论。可替代地,获得液体可以是间接的,仅涉及用于接触和分离步骤的液体采集,其中加工以产生液体已经由另一部分预先完成。
如上所述,本技术的方法包括通过非离心处理含有细胞因子产生细胞(例如,白细胞)的组织,获得含有细胞因子产生细胞的液体,所述组织从哺乳动物对象获得。此处所指的“非离心方法”包括不使用离心机,从组织获得包含细胞因子产生细胞的组织部分的过程。在一些实施方案中,方法是“非重力的”,其中基于细胞的物理、化学或理化性质而不是密度,其中在所述部分中的白细胞浓度比所述组织中的白细胞浓度高。这种非重力方法,特别是,区别于其中通过离心全血或别的组织产生白细胞部分的方法。在一些实施方案中,非离心方法包括仅基于白细胞的特征而不是密度的方法。
在一些实施方案中,用于本文的非离心方法包括获得一定体积的细胞因子产生细胞以及将此体积的细胞悬浮在合适的培养基里,以进行本技术方法中的后续处理。在其它实施方案中,从组织分离细胞因子产生细胞的部分,其中该部分包含培养基中的细胞因子产生细胞,适用于后续处理。可配制(constitute)培养基以保持细胞因子产生细胞的存活,所述培养基包括生理盐水和血清。因此,在各种实施方案中,方法包括:
(a)将一定体积的细胞因子产生细胞与液体培养基混合以形成细胞因子细胞悬浮液;
(b)将细胞因子细胞悬浮液与固相提取材料接触;和
(c)从聚丙烯酰胺珠分离液体,获得富含IL-1ra的溶液。
如下进一步讨论,一定体积的细胞因子产生细胞可通过包括以下一个或多个步骤的方法制备:
(a)将含细胞因子产生细胞的组织递送(express)通过中空纤维装置,形成含细胞因子产生细胞的液体量;
(b)使用密度梯度助剂从全血中分离细胞因子产生细胞;
(c)电泳;和
(d)将细胞因子产生细胞与抗体缀合的珠结合。
细胞因子细胞悬浮液可以通过使用本领域已知的方法将细胞与合适液体混合来制备。例如,可以通过裂解红细胞或利用密度梯度助剂离心全血从全血中分离白细胞。合适的密度梯度助剂的实例是Ficoll-PaqueTMPlus(GEHealthcareBio-Sciences,Piscataway,NewJersey,USA),其包括聚集红细胞的亲水性多糖。例如,在这一方法中,全血可在容器中用合适的缓冲液,如磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS),1:1稀释。将一定体积的Ficoll-Paque加入离心管。然后将全血:PBS混合物轻轻铺放在Ficoll-Paque顶上。需要小心以确保Ficoll-Paque和全血:PBS层不混合。离心含有Ficoll-Paque和全血:PBS层的离心管以分离血液成分。离心可进行约20-30分钟,约400xg。离心后,血液成分存在于分离的层。最上面的层包含血浆。血浆下方是白膜层,其含有白细胞。白膜层下方是Ficoll-Paque,Ficoll-Paque下面是红细胞。白膜层含白细胞,如单核细胞,搜集并放置于无菌离心管中。可选地,白细胞能够洗涤一次或多次,通过将细胞悬浮在PBS中,离心沉淀细胞,去除上清液。白细胞洗涤后,它们可重悬于适当的缓冲液中,如PBS,或血浆中。
在一些情况下,密度梯度可用于进一步分离单个核和多形核细胞。白细胞也可使用过滤从全血制备,例子包括AcelereTMMNCHarvestSystem(PallLifeSciences,AnnArbor,Michigan,USA)。白细胞也可从骨髓获得。然后可以将白细胞悬浮于合适的培养基,如血浆,以维持其生存。
从组织中分离包含白细胞的液体的方法包括过滤、抗体结合和电泳方法。过滤方法包括体积排阻过滤器,如中空纤维阵列,包括本领域已知的这种过滤器。市售过滤器是LeukoCatch注射过滤器,在Okuzaki,etal.,BMCClinicalPathology2011,11:9中描述,通过引用并入本文。LeukoCatch包含夹在塑料塞子之间,并设置在10毫升注射器底部的一个或多个BMedium过滤器(PallCorp,PortWashington,NY)。白细胞,而不是红细胞由过滤器捕获。因此,包含活塞的LeukoCatch注射器可用于抽吸全血样品,其中白细胞由过滤器捕获。下压活塞将红细胞从注射器排出,但不是白细胞,其保留在过滤器中。可以通过将活塞往上拉抽吸磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS),并下压活塞排出PBS来洗涤白细胞。洗涤可以重复一次或多次。然后可以通过将洗脱缓冲液吸入注射器,再将此时含有白细胞的洗脱缓冲液排入干净消毒的容器来洗脱白细胞。洗脱缓冲液可以包含10mMTris-HCL(pH7.5)、100mMNaCl、1%TritonX-100、1mMEDTA(pH8.0)、0.1mg/mLPMSF、1mM抑肽酶、0.001mg/ml亮肽素、0.001mg/ml胃酶抑素A、1mMNaF、1mMNa3VO4、10mMβ-甘油磷酸。
生成包含细胞因子产生细胞的液体量的另一非离心方法包括在带电板上诱导电场,基于其对不同电荷的亲和力分离细胞。在一种如由Wang,etal.,AnalChem.2000February15;72(4):832-839所描述的这样的方法中,双向电泳场流分级(DEP-FFF)可以用于从血液分离白细胞。白细胞的介电性能与红细胞不一样。微电极产生的DEP力使得血细胞悬浮于薄腔室,所述薄腔室包含由间隔区隔开的顶板和底板。当细胞达到基于它们的介电性能的平衡高度,载体流通过腔室。不同的高度的细胞以不同速度通过该腔室,导致它们的分离。例如,全血以1:1000稀释于蔗糖缓冲液中。当放置在薄腔室中,约10kHz的DEP场可应用于DEP-FFF。以约0.5ml/min的流速,白细胞能够富集35倍。
生成包含细胞因子产生细胞的液体量的另一非离心方法包括使用特异性结合细胞因子产生细胞的磁性颗粒,如磁珠。磁性颗粒可偶联到特异性结合单个核白细胞的分子上。所述分子可以是配体或抗体。例如,美国专利号7,867,765,Faustman等人,公开于2011年1月11日,磁珠耦联到特异性结合白细胞表面蛋白的蛋白上。将与抗体或配体缀合的珠子加入到含有包含细胞因子产生细胞的样品的容器中。抗体或配体与细胞因子产生细胞结合。在温育预定时间后,磁体被放置或者保持在容器的外面。当磁体被放置或者保持在容器的外面,倾斜容器倒出未受磁体吸引的内容物。受磁体吸引的内容物,白细胞缀合的磁珠,可以用合适的缓冲液,如PBS洗涤一次或多次。任选地,可以从细胞因子产生细胞分离磁珠。最后,单个核的细胞因子产生细胞可重悬于合适的缓冲液中,如PBS或血浆。
在一些实施方案中,获得细胞因子细胞悬浮液包括过滤血液以分离白细胞,并将白细胞悬浮于血浆中,形成白细胞悬浮液。用于产生这样白细胞悬浮液的装置如图1A所示。从全血样品中收集白细胞(白细胞)可用过滤方法来进行,如上讨论。例如,如图1A所示,过滤器220可放置于注射器200的末端,一定体积的全血放置于所述注射器200中。一定体积的全血可以通过过滤器220,如用注射器200中的活塞202推动血液。此外,离心或重力系统能用来推动一定体积的全血通过过滤器220。白细胞收集于过滤器220中,同时全血的剩余组分,如红细胞和血浆,通过过滤器220。然后,收集分离出的白细胞可通过用选择的液体,如血浆、盐水或其它选择的液体,回洗过滤器220来完成。在将全血以第一方向压送通过过滤器之后,回洗的材料可回洗到收集容器中,如注射器200。
因此,根据各种实施方案,注射器200可以有一定体积的全血在内。过滤器220能够从全血中过滤和收集白细胞,当全血被推动(如递送)通过过滤器220。过滤器220被定位在注射器200末端。包括一定体积全血的注射器200将全血压送通过过滤器220之后,注射器200和过滤器220可以与液体源相互连接,回洗过滤器220。然后,活塞202以第二方向移动以填充注射器200,使得回洗液,如盐水或血浆,通过过滤器220,以用来自过滤器的回洗材料填充注射器,所述回洗材料包括白细胞。
除了将全血压送通过注射器和过滤器进入单独的容器,并用不同来源的回洗材料回洗,全血样品的各种组分或部分也能用于回洗过滤器。例如,如果全血在第一方向通过过滤器,全血中剩余的血浆和/或白膜层能用于回洗过滤器。可用各种装置收集分级为血浆和/或白膜层和/或红细胞的剩余的全血部分,例如在美国专利号7845499,Higgins等人,公开日2010年12月7日;美国专利申请公开号2011/0192804,Landrigan等人,公开日2011年8月11日中所公开的那些装置。例如,参考图1A,注射器200能够用抗凝全血样品填充,将所述样品压送通过过滤器220进入分级器或管230。分级管230能够包括浮标系统240,所述浮标系统240类似于在美国专利申请公开号2011/0192804中公开的。浮标系统240包括第一浮标部件242,所述第一浮标部件242相对于第二浮标部件244可移动或以及第三浮标部件246固定。浮标系统240有连接端口或阀或开口250,其可用提取和/或填充管与输入口260连接或永久连接。输入口260也可以用来作为来自管230的提取端口。另外,分离的血浆提取端口270也可以提供到分离管230中。提取管或吸管272可以与血浆提取端口270互相连接。
若在使全血通过白细胞过滤器220后分离管230填充有全血,可离心管230以将过滤的全血分离成选择的部分,如红细胞部分300、白膜层310和血浆部分320。浮标系统240可用于分离从分级管230的回收物的三种部分300、310和320。如图1B所示,分级过滤的血液可以允许基于所需用于进一步处理和/或应用所选择的部分从单个分离管230回收所选的馏分。此外,如上所述,过滤器220可以包括白细胞,或白细胞的大部分或选定的部分,所述白细胞来自注射器200中的全血样品。注射器200然后可以通过与输入端口260或与浮标系统240的端口,阀或的开口250相连接的收集管350连接,如图1C所示,和/或与血浆提取端口270连接以回收通过血浆提取管272的材料,如图1D所示,用于从分离管230回收选择的或多个部分。
应当理解,过滤器220可定位于注射器200和各个端口260、270之间,以使从分离管230回收的材料可回洗过滤器220。
如上所述,在分离管230内的部分可以是基于管230内的过滤的全血样品的分离。根据各种实施方案,所述部分可以至少包括红细胞部分300,白膜层部分的部分310和血浆部分320。因此,根据各种实施方案,白膜层部分310可用于回洗过滤器220,如图1B所示。可替代地,或者除了白膜层的回洗,血浆部分320可用于回洗过滤器220,如图1B所示。可以理解,包括白膜层部分310和/或血浆部分320的部分的任一或两者,可用于回洗过滤器220。因此,分离管230可用于将过滤的全血样品分离为选择的组分以为了各种目的回洗过滤器220。还应当理解,额外的材料如盐水可以用于在用分离的全血回洗之前,其间或之后回洗过滤器。因此,可以理解的是,过滤器220可以被回洗,以从过滤器220除去的过滤的白细胞,以用于如本文进一步讨论的用途。
与固相提取材料接触
在一些实施方案中,分级细胞因子细胞悬浮液包括将液体与固相提取材料接触。这样的方法包括:
(a)获得细胞因子细胞悬浮液;
(b)将液体与固相提取材料接触;和
(c)将含蛋白质的液体从固相提取材料分离。
相应地,在各种实施方案中,细胞因子细胞悬浮液与固相提取材料温育,或者接触以产生含蛋白质的液体。然后从固相提取材料分离该液体,作为本技术的蛋白质溶液。不限制本技术的范围、机制或功能,本发明中的固相提取的材料可用于浓缩细胞因子产生细胞的液体量中的细胞因子或其他蛋白质,并且在一些实施方案中,可激活、刺激或增加细胞因子包括IL-1ra的产生。因此,在一些实施方案中,方法包括用固相提取材料激活细胞因子细胞悬浮液。
固相提取材料可包括提供特定表面以积接触细胞的各种材料。固相提取材料可以是连续的材料,也可以是不连续的,并且包括多个单独的颗粒的材料。例如,固相提取材料可以是多个珠、纤维、粉末、多孔材料或包含所述含有细胞的液体的容器的表面。固相提取材料可包含具有各种横截面形状的几何形状,例如球形、椭圆形或多边形,等等。固相提取材料还可以包括连续多孔网络,类似海绵,或者可以包括多个单独的多孔颗粒。固相提取材料还可以由多孔提供与非多孔材料相比更大的表面积。
在一些实施方案中,固相提取材料包括具有大纵横比的颗粒,例如,颗粒是针状的。固相提取材料也可由长纤维形成以及可以是或采取类似玻璃棉的形式。
在一些情况下,固相提取材料可包含容纳细胞因子细胞悬浮液的容器的内壁。例如,固相提取材料可包含注射器的内腔,所述注射器含有细胞因子细胞悬浮液。其他容器包括管,如离心管,或血液分馏装置或浓缩器组件,如本文别处所述。
在固相提取材料是一种连续材料,例如多孔海绵状材料时,固相提取材料使用的量应足以将整个细胞因子产生细胞的液体量基本上吸收或吸收或包括在固相提取材料的孔隙或空隙内。在固相提取材料是不连续的材料,例如多个粒子时,固相提取材料可以与含有细胞的液体联用以形成浆状组合物。该浆稠度上可从具有高比例固体部分的膏状,到具有低比例固体部分的易流动浆状变化。
固相提取材料可以提供与所述细胞接触的大表面积。然而,在一些情况下,固相提取材料可以进一步处理以增加它的表面积,例如,通过物理或化学蚀刻或侵蚀固相提取材料的表面。就化学蚀刻而言,腐蚀剂可以用来根据材料的性质修饰固相提取材料的表面。修饰的表面可通过使用碱或酸产生,例如氯磺酸,特别是强度上约20%-80%,优选约50%的氯磺酸。固相提取材料可以与腐蚀剂温育约5-30分钟,以便化学蚀刻表面,并增加表面积。随后可以洗涤固相提取材料除去腐蚀剂。例如,固相提取材料可包括用于盛放细胞因子细胞悬浮液的容器的内壁,其中内壁被蚀刻随后增加与所述液体接触的表面积。
各种聚合物、金属、陶瓷和玻璃可以用作固相提取的材料。在一些实施方案中,固相提取材料包括吸湿材料。合适的固相提取材料的实例包括玻璃、矿物、聚合物、金属和多糖。矿物包括刚玉和石英。聚合物包括聚苯乙烯、聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚丙烯和聚丙烯酰胺。金属包括钛。多糖包括葡聚糖和琼脂糖。如下进一步描述,优选的固相提取材料包含聚丙烯酰胺,或基本上由其组成。
固相提取材料可以包含,例如,玻璃的连续固相提取的材料或多个玻璃颗粒、玻璃棉,连续的金属,例如钛的固相提取的材料,多个金属珠,金属粉,以及它们的组合。金属的连续固相提取材料可以包括具有开孔结构的多孔金属或金属合金构成的块或其他三维形状。固相提取材料可以包括各种尺寸的各种珠或颗粒,包括基本上球形的珠。珠包括聚苯乙烯珠、聚丙烯酰胺珠、玻璃珠、金属(例如,钛)珠,或任何其它合适的珠。珠可以是对所使用的容器和所用的细胞因子细胞悬浮液的量合适的任何尺寸。在一些情况下,珠的尺寸范围为直径约0.001毫米到约3毫米。如珠尺寸足够小,珠更像是粉末。
用作固相提取材料的聚丙烯酰胺珠可以通过聚合丙烯酰胺单体形成,所述聚合使用本领域已知的生产相对均匀的由聚丙烯酰胺凝胶形成的珠的受控和标准化的方案。在一般情况下,聚丙烯酰胺通过将丙烯酰胺用合适的双官能交联剂聚合形成,最常用的交联剂是Ν,Ν'亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(双丙烯酰胺)。凝胶聚合通常以过硫酸铵开始,反应速率通过加入催化剂加速,如Ν,Ν,Ν',Ν'四甲基乙二胺(TEMED)。在各种实施方案中,聚丙烯酰胺珠包含0.5微摩尔羧基/毫升珠,赋予轻微的阴离子特性(负电荷)。珠也通常耐pH值的变化,并且在许多水性溶液和有机溶液里是稳定的。通过调节总的丙烯酰胺浓度,可以形成宽范围孔径大小的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶。此外,聚丙烯酰胺珠可以形成多种尺寸,并且可以具有相对均匀的尺寸分布。珠大小可以从几微米的直径到几毫米的直径。例如,各种类型的Bio-GelTMP聚丙烯酰胺凝胶珠(Bio-RadLaboratories,Hercules,California,USA)的颗粒尺寸范围从小于约45μm到高达180μm。聚丙烯酰胺珠也可购自SNFFLOERGER(Riceboro,Georgia,USA),PierceBiotechnology,Inc.(Rockford,Illinois,USA)和Polymers,Inc.(Fayetteville,Arkansas,USA)。
一旦聚合,聚丙烯酰胺珠可以进行干燥并以粉末状的形式储存。干燥的珠是不溶于水,但一旦被再水合,能大大膨胀。再水合使聚丙烯酰胺珠回复凝胶稠度,可以是干燥状态大约2-3倍的的大小。因此,干燥的聚丙烯酰胺珠(即,干燥剂聚丙烯酰胺珠)可用于吸收部分的液体的体积,包括比珠孔小的溶质,并可以用于浓缩IL-1ra和由细胞因子产生细胞产生的其它蛋白质。例如,干聚丙烯酰胺珠与步骤230中的血液和/或富含血小板的血浆联用,激活细胞因子产生细胞产生IL-1ra,并因为干珠重新水合和溶胀降低总液体体积。
不限制本技术的范围、机制或功能,发现与固相提取材料接触的表面能激活细胞,并且在一些情况下,固相提取材料有助于分离和浓缩所获得的富有细胞因子包括IL-1ra的蛋白质溶液。例如,在多孔固相提取材料的情况下,一部分包含细胞的液体能进入孔中并保持在内。液体中的细胞能接触额外的表面积。在一些实施方案中,孔太小,细胞不能进入,但一部分的液体可进入孔中。液体可从固相提取材料和孔中通过例如离心移去。
优选地,固相提取材料使用本领域中已知的技术进行灭菌,以防止细胞因子细胞悬浮液的污染。例如,可以根据固相提取材料的特定组成而使用加热和压力灭菌法,如高压灭菌。当固相提取材料在高压灭菌过程中会受到不利影响时,可使用替代方法,如化学灭菌或辐射。
在一些实施方案中,细胞因子细胞悬浮液与固相提取材料一起温育一定时间,以有效去除部分液体。温育可以进行的时间从约30秒至72小时,可进行的温度从约约20℃至约41℃。例如,温育可从约1分钟至48小时,从约2分钟至24小时,从约5分钟至12小时,从约10分钟至6小时,从约15分钟至5小时,从约30分钟至4小时,从约1小时至3小时,或从约2小时至2.5小时。在一些实施方案中,温育从约1-3分钟。在一些实施方案中,温育在约37℃进行。在一些实施方案中液体不与固相提取材料温育,但接触仅为了后续处理所需的时间。接触可发生在常温条件下,例如,在约20-25℃的温度下进行。
在一些实施方案中,细胞因子细胞悬浮液和固相提取材料搅拌,使在接触的过程中更彻底混合这些成分。搅拌可通过反转、摇动、摇晃、搅动或涡旋液体和固相提取材料来完成。搅拌可以增加细胞因子细胞悬浮液与固相提取材料接触。搅拌可以进行一次、重复多次、周期性地重复或是连续进行。如下所述,当用电磁场刺激所述液体时,也可以搅拌所述包含细胞的液体和所述固相提取材料。关于使用聚丙烯酰胺珠和其它固相提取材料生产富含蛋白质的溶液的其他方面和特征描述于:美国专利申请公开号2009/0220482,Higgins等,公开于2009年9月3日;美国专利申请公开号2010/0055087,Higgins等,公开于2010年3月4日;美国专利申请公开2011/0052561,Hoeppner,公开于2011年3月3日;国际公开WO2012/030593,Higgins等,公开于2012年3月8日;美国专利申请号2012/0172836,Higgins等,公开于2012年7月5日。
含有细胞因子产生细胞的液体与固相提取材料的接触,可使用影响接触的合适的容器或其它装置来执行。接触可以在连续过程中进行,其中源源不断的所述液体或绕过,或通过固相提取材料,或所述液体和固相提取材料可以被放置于一个容器中。如上讨论,该容器可包含固相提取材料,或者可以仅仅作为容器容纳珠或其它形式的材料。在本技术有用的容器包括那些本领域中已知的,如PLASMAXTMPlusPlasmaConcentrator,购自BiometBiologies,LLC(Warsaw,Indiana,USA),以及可包括如美国专利No.7,553,413,Dorian等人,公开于2009年6月30日;美国专利号No.7,694,828,Swift等人,公开于2010年4月13日的所述那些设备和使用方法。
这样的装置如图2A和2B所示,为示范性用途,用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶珠固相提取材料。装置400具有上腔室405和下腔室410。上腔室405具有端壁415,凝胶珠搅拌器425的搅拌器阀杆420延伸穿过端壁415。装置400还有入口430,其延伸穿过端壁415并进入上腔室405。装置400也包括出口435,其与血浆浓缩液导管440连通。上腔室405的基底包括过滤器445,它的上表面支持干燥的浓缩聚丙烯酰胺珠450。
在使用过程中,将含有细胞因子产生细胞以及,任选地,血小板的液体455经由入口430注射入上腔室405,与聚丙烯酰胺珠450混合。流体455和聚丙烯酰胺珠450可通过旋转搅拌器阀杆420和凝胶珠搅拌器425被混合,以帮助流体455和聚丙烯酰胺珠450混合。然后,混合的流体455和聚丙烯酰胺珠450在所需的温度温育所需的时间。然后离心装置400以使液体被传到下腔室410,而聚丙烯酰胺珠450由过滤器425保留,由此可从所得的IL-1ra和其他蛋白质的溶液460分离聚丙烯酰胺珠450,所述溶液460在下腔室410中收集。溶液460可以经由出口435从该设备移除。
在液体接触固相提取材料之前或进行中,细胞因子细胞悬浮液能够用电磁场刺激。因此,在一些实施方案中,所述包含细胞的液体的刺激在液体与固相提取材料接触前进行。然而,优选的是,至少部分的接触步骤和至少部分刺激步骤时间上重叠使得细胞液与固相提取材料接触和受电磁场刺激发同时进行。
用电磁场刺激细胞因子细胞悬浮液可涉及多种形式的电磁刺激,如脉冲电场或电容耦合电磁场。在一些实施方案中,用与电源偶联的刺激线圈刺激所述液体。电流通过线圈产生脉冲磁场,能在液体中诱导脉冲电场。当它放在容器如管或注射器内,线圈可部分缠绕所述液体。线圈可整合入包含所述细胞因子细胞悬浮液的容器,或是可拆卸的。例如,塑料管可与集成的线圈一起形成,或线圈可暂时与容器偶联,或放在容器内;例如,该管可被构造成使得线圈可卡装在容器上。电源可以根据需要偶联到线圈进行刺激步骤。
用电磁场刺激液体也包括跨越液体放置至少两个电极。然后可将电能施加到电极,以便电容耦合电极以及在此间产生电磁场。因此电磁场能通过所述液体,以增加细胞因子的生成速率和/或量。在其他实施方案中,电极可用来产生直流电或者一个或多个线圈可用来产生脉冲电磁场。
电磁场的强度在刺激过程中可以为至少约0.5微伏/厘米,无论是由直流电、电容耦合的电流、或脉冲电磁场产生。在直流电电极的情况下,电流振幅可以是约1-200微安,并且在一些实施方案中,振幅可为约20-100微安。在更进一步的实施方案中,电流可以是约20、约60或约100微安。然而,应该理解的是,电流振幅也可以是其它合适的幅度。
刺激步骤所施加的电磁场可以恒定或随时间变化。例如,正弦时变电磁场可使用跨越液体放置的电极而施加。这种正弦时变电磁场的跨电极的峰值电压可以为约1-10伏,在一些实施方案中,峰值电压大约为5伏。所产生的相应的电场振幅可以是约0.1-100毫伏/厘米(mV/cm),在一些实施方案中,为约20mV/cm。正弦时变电磁场的频率范围约1,000-200,000赫兹,在一些实施方案中,频率可为约60,000赫兹。
施加到所述液体的电磁场也可是脉冲电磁场。脉冲电磁场可以使用外部线圈和脉冲发生器来引起。在这方面,脉冲电磁场的脉冲持续时间可以为10-2000微秒/脉冲。在一个实施方案中,脉冲持续时间大约为225微秒。脉冲可包括电磁脉冲,其中一个脉冲串可含约1-200个脉冲。可替代地,电磁场可产生含约10-30个脉冲的脉冲串。在这方面,一个实施方案中每个脉冲串可包含约20个脉冲。
施加的脉冲电磁场中的脉冲串频率可变。在这方面,一些实施方案中,脉冲串可以1-100赫兹的频率重复,在其他实施方案中,可以10-20赫兹的频率重复。此外,脉冲串以约1.5赫兹、约15赫兹或约76赫兹的频率重复。脉冲串的持续时间可为10-40,000微秒。在这方面,脉冲串持续时间约4.5毫秒。
用于产生电容耦合电磁场的合适装置包括脊髓刺激仪(EBI,L.P.,Parsippany,NewJersey)或DC刺激装置如XLIIb脊髓融合刺激仪(EBI,L.P.,Parsippany,NewJersey)。脉冲电磁场可用各种已知方法和设备产生,如采用单线圈或一对Helmholtz线圈。例如,合适的设备包括EBIBoneHealingModel2001(EBI,L.P.,Parsippany,NewJersey)和BTBS刺激线圈。关于直流电,电场可用任何已知用于产生直流电场的装置来生成,如OsteogenTM可植入的骨生长刺激仪(EBI,L.P.,Parsippany,NewJersey)。也可使用其他合适的装置产生电磁场。
电磁场刺激细胞因子细胞悬浮液可根据液体和固相提取材料接触的需要继续和/或重复。然而,应该理解的是,用电磁场刺激液体的步骤包括不是与周围条件相关电或电磁场(例如由偶然暴露于收音机、电话、台式电脑或相似设备产生的电磁场)的场或者除了与周围条件相关电或电磁场还包括其它场。
在一些实施方案中,接触和刺激步骤如图1所示,可在少于约1小时内完成。接触和刺激步骤也可在温度约20℃至约37℃范围内进行。在优选实施方案中,细胞因子细胞悬浮液的温度在接触和刺激步骤中保持在约37℃。接触和刺激步骤之一或两者通常都离体进行。
治疗组合物
本技术还提供了包含蛋白质溶液和第二组分的组合物,所述第二组分包含活性物质、生理载体、以及它们的组合。在一些实施方案中,组合物包含安全和有效量的蛋白质溶液和安全和有效量的第二活性物质。组分的“安全和有效”量是这样的量,当以本技术的方式使用时,其足以在人或其它哺乳动物对象中达到所需的治疗效果,而没有过度的不良副作用(如毒性、刺激或过敏反应),具有相称的合理的利益/风险比。组分的具体的安全和有效量随各种因素明显变化,如治疗的具体病症,患者的身体状况,同时治疗的性质(如果有的话),所用的具体组分,具体给药途径和剂型,采用的载体(如果有的话),以及所需的剂量方案。
本文中有用的那些活性材料包括生物制品和药物活性物质。生物制剂包括成分血,如PRP,血液制品,以及浓缩的骨髓抽吸物(cBMA)。
因此,在一些实施方案中,本技术提供了包含安全和有效量的蛋白质溶液和安全和有效量的cBMA的组合物。自体治疗组合物包含APS和cBMA,其比例为约1:1、约1:2、约1:3、约1:4、约1:5、约1:6、约1:7、约1:8、约1:9或约1:10。可替代地,APS:cBMA比例可以是约2:1、约3:1、约4:1、约5:1、约6:1、约7:1、约8:1、约9:1或10:1。cBMA包括造血干细胞、基质干细胞、间充质干细胞、内皮祖细胞、红细胞、细胞因子产生细胞、成纤维细胞、网织红细胞、脂肪细胞或内皮细胞。
在一些实施方案中,所述cBMA和蛋白质溶液可以同时产生。因此,参考图1和上述方法,可在与固相提取材料接触前或进行中将骨髓抽吸物加入全血;这样的方法涉及步骤115和130两者的操作。例如,可以在步骤120分离富含血小板的血浆前或进行中将骨髓抽吸物添加到全血。这样的方法包括描述于美国申请公开号2006/0278588,Woodell-May,公开于2006年12月14日的那些方法。
可用于本发明的药物活性成分包括有机分子、蛋白质、肽、肽模拟物、核酸、核蛋白、反义分子、多糖、糖蛋白、脂蛋白、碳水化合物和多糖、植物提取物及其合成的和生物工程化的类似物、活细胞(不是细胞因子产生细胞基质细胞,如软骨细胞、骨髓细胞)、病毒和病毒颗粒、天然提取物,以及它们的组合。生物活性材料的具体的非限制性实例包括激素、抗生素和其它抗感染剂、造血剂、血栓形成剂、抗病毒剂、抗肿瘤剂(化疗剂)、退热剂、止痛药、抗炎剂、抗过敏剂、血管扩张剂、细胞因子、生长因子、基因调节剂、维生素、矿物质和其它营养品,营养保健品和它们的组合。特别是,活性物包括支气管扩张剂(如沙丁胺醇、左布特罗(levabuterol)、irbuterol、异丙托铵、沙美特罗和福莫特罗)、糖皮质类固醇(例如莫米松、氟替卡松、布地奈德和丙酸倍氯米松)、抗生素、抗病毒剂以及它们的组合。在一些实施方案中,除了那些存在于蛋白质溶液的组分,组合物可包含生长因子,如来源于血小板的生长因子(PDGF)、转化生长因子β(TGF-β)、胰岛素样生长因子(IGF)、成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF)、表皮生长因子(EGF)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)。
在一些实施方案中,蛋白质溶液包含来自合成或重组来源的一种或多种细胞因子。尤其是,举例来说,蛋白质溶液可包含白介素-1受体拮抗剂(IL-1ra),其是合成或重组的,或从自体、同种异体或异种的血液或其他生物来源分离的,不同于以上所述方法。例如,KineretTM(阿那白滞素)是重组的、非糖基化形式的IL-1ra,由AmgenManufacturing,Ltd.(ThousandOaks,California)出售。各种重组的白介素-1抑制剂和治疗方法描述于美国专利号6599873,Sommer等人,公开于2003年7月29日;美国专利号5075222,Hannum等人,公开于1991年12月24日;美国申请公开号2005/0197293,Mellis等人,公开于2005年9月8日。另外,从体液产生IL-1ra的方法,包括使用自体的液体,描述在美国专利号6623472,Reinecke等人,公开于2003年9月23日;美国专利号6713246,Reinecke等人,公开于2004年3月30日;美国专利号6759188,Reinecke等人,公开于2004年7月6日。当要产生同种异体的抗炎性细胞因子,可以合并来自多个对象的多种来源的IL-1ra。
在一些实施方案中,蛋白质溶液包含来自包含细胞因子产生细胞的组织的一种或多种细胞因子,通过使细胞因子细胞悬浮液与固相提取材料接触,其中所述液体是使用离心或其它重力方法从组织分离的。包含细胞因子产生细胞的液体包括血液、脂肪组织、骨髓、及其部分,如富血小板血浆。固相提取的材料包括上述的那些。通过将全血离心制备成分血的装置描述于,美国专利号7992725,Leach等,公开于2011年8月9日;美国专利号7374678,Leach,公开于2008年5月20日;美国专利号7179391,Leach等人,公开于2007年2月20日;美国专利号7992725,Leach等人,公开于2011年8月9日;美国专利号7806276,Leach等人,公开于2010年10月5日;以及美国专利号8048297,Leach等人,公开于2011年11月1日。制备富含细胞因子溶液的方法描述于,美国专利申请公开号2009/0220482,Higgins等人,公开于2009年9月3日;美国专利申请公开号2010/0055087,Higgins等人,公开于2010年3月4日;美国专利申请公开号2011/0052561,Hoeppner,公开于2011年3月3日;国际公开号WO2012/030593,Higgins等人,公开于2012年3月8日;和美国专利申请公开号2012/0172836,Higgins等人,公开于2012年7月5日。
产生在本本发明有用的蛋白质溶液的组分的其它方法在以下共同提交的申请中描述,这些申请公开的内容通过引用并入本文。美国专利申请系列号13/840562,Binder等人,MethodsandNon-ImmunogenicCompositionsforTreatingInflammatoryDiseases;美国专利申请系列号13/841083,Landrigan等人,TreatmentofInflammatoryRespiratoryDiseaseUsingProteinSolutions;美国专利申请系列号13/837,005,Woodell-May等人,MethodsandAcellularCompositionsforTreatingInflammatoryDisorders;美国专利申请系列号13/837,480,O’Shaughnessey等人,TreatmentofPainUsingProteinSolutions;美国专利申请系列号13/840129,Matusuka等人,TreatmentofCollagenDefectsUsingProteinSolutions;以及美国专利申请系列号13/841103,Landrigan等人,TreatmentofPeripheralVascularDiseaseUsingProteinSolutions,所有这些都通过引用并入本文。
除了任何含蛋白质溶液的液体,组合物可包含载体材料。应当理解的是,在本技术的各种实施方案中,治疗的方法采用如以上组成和制备的蛋白质溶液,没有进一步的载体,通过直接注射到或通过其它应用到治疗部位。然而,在其他实施方案中,可以使用额外的载体材料,其理由如易于施用,帮助使用特定的输送装置施用,增强活性,增加将蛋白质溶液保持在施用部位的时间。本文中有用的载体包括盐水、透明质酸、胶原蛋白、缓冲液(如Hank氏缓冲液)、细胞培养基、血液制品(如PRP和贫血小板血浆),以及它们的混合物。
蛋白质溶液和包含蛋白质溶液的组合物可在施用前通过任何合适的方法灭菌。例如,蛋白质溶液可以通过无菌过滤器来处理由上述方法制备的产品进行灭菌。在一些实施方案中,抗生素可在上述的接触步骤中包含在固相提取材料里,或者可以在本文中所描述的方法和治疗方法的各种步骤的一个或多个添加。可替代地,或另外地,蛋白质溶液可以无菌制备。
蛋白质溶液和包含蛋白质溶液的组合物也可在产生后使用在那些本领域中已知的方法冻干(冷冻干燥,或冻干)。因此,所述蛋白质溶液可以在其从所述固相提取材料分离之后冻干。当冷冻干燥时,抗炎性细胞因子组合物可在施用之前或在施用时用合适的介质170水化。水化可通过将该组合物与溶液来完成,所述溶液包括盐水、缓冲液、血液、成分血、骨髓抽吸物、浓缩骨髓抽吸物和它们的组合。
在一些实施方案中,将冷冻保存的储存溶液加入蛋白质溶液,以便为随后在降低的温度下的存储提供稳定性。合适的储存溶液包括本领域中的那些,如甘油和二甲基亚砜(DMSO)。组合物可被储存于降低的温度,例如1-6℃。在一些实施方案中,组合物被储存在液氮中,在约-80℃。优选地,在给哺乳动物对象施用前从蛋白质溶液除去冷冻保存储存溶液。去除储存液可用的方法包括本领域已知的用于处理含冷冻保存液的储存的血液的那些方法。洗涤可用洗涤溶液如盐水进行。在这样的实施方案中,待治疗的对象的血型可与从其获得细胞因子的细胞悬浮液的供体的血型匹配。
治疗方法
本技术提供了治疗人或哺乳动物对象中由IL-1ra介导的炎症疾病或其它疾病的方法,其包括给对象施用本技术的蛋白质溶液。方法包括使用蛋白质溶液治疗炎性疾病,所述蛋白质溶液是通过将细胞因子细胞悬浮液与固相提取材料接触制备的,其中所述液体是全血、骨髓抽吸物、脂肪组织或其部分。
这类疾病可用升高的嗜中性粒细胞计数来表征。没有限制本技术的机制、功用或功能,该技术的方法和治疗调节了白介素-1效应以及它在炎症级联中的作用。通常如上述讨论,白介素-1(IL-1)包括细胞因子家族,其能刺激淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞和巨噬细胞,激活噬菌细胞,增加气道纤维化,促进呼吸道中淋巴细胞结节,提高MMP-9和MMP-12的产量,以及参与许多慢性炎性病症。IL-1可由巨噬细胞、单核细胞和树突细胞产生,并且是抗感染炎症反应的一部分。参见,Lappalainen等人,"Interleukin-1βCausesPulmonaryInflammation,Emphysema,andAirwayRemodelingintheAdultMurineLung"AmericanJournalofRespiratoryCellandMolecularBiology,vol.32,no.4,pages311-318(April2005)。
IL-1的作用模式可由IL-1ra介导。IL-1ra结合细胞表面上与IL-1相同的受体,从而阻止IL-1将信号传送到该细胞。IL-1ra从细胞因子产生细胞分泌,包括单核细胞、巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞、多形核细胞(PMNs),和其他细胞,其可以调节各种IL-1相关的免疫和炎症应答,如下所述,ArendWP,MalyakM,GuthridgeCJ,GabayC(1998)"Interleukin-1receptorantagonist:roleinbiology"Annu.Rev.Immunol.16:27-55。IL-1ra产生受一些物质刺激,包括粘附性免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、其他细胞因子,以及细菌或病毒组分。同样,TNF-a的作用模式由sTNF-RI和sTNF-RII介导,这阻止TNF-a结合到结合sTNF-RI和/或sTNF-RII的膜上。
通过本技术的方法治疗炎性疾病的实例包括类风湿性关节炎、骨关节炎、骨质溶解、肌腱炎、滑膜炎、外周血管疾病,以及炎性呼吸系统疾病(如慢性阻塞性肺病、纤维化、肺气肿、急性呼吸窘迫综合征,和肺炎)。治疗方法还包括预防、减少或消除各种疾病相关的疼痛,如创伤性损伤、肌肉拉伤、关节炎(类风湿关节炎和骨关节炎)、滑膜炎、骶髂关节疾病、背部疾病、外科手术后的注射、肌腱注射、运动医学过程(例如,ACL修复、MCL修复、BTB修复、髌骨修复或软骨修复)、挫伤、肌肉劳损、创伤后骨关节炎相关的疼痛。方法还包括在胶原蛋白缺陷,如在关节炎,损伤或手术操作相关的关节的缺陷,的位置刺激软骨细胞生成。
在一些实施方案中,本技术的方法包括将蛋白质溶液施用到组织缺陷的部位,以预防或治疗IL-1ra相关的疾病。如本文中所提,这样的“组织缺陷”包括涉及对生理或美容目的不恰当的组织的任何病症。这种缺陷的实例包括那些先天性的,那些由疾病、疾病或损伤的症状导致的或是疾病或损伤的症状导致的,和那些手术或其它医疗程序的结果。实施方案包括治疗血管、骨骼、皮肤、神经,器官和组织缺陷。这种缺陷的实例包括骨质疏松、脊椎固定程序、髋关节和其他关节置换术、慢性伤口、骨折、组织和肌肉的硬化,以及脊髓或其他神经损伤所引起的那些。在各种实施方案中,本发明的组合物和方法可以用于与骨修复或软骨缺陷相关的方法中。
在各种实施方案中,方法用于治疗人类的炎性疾病。在其他实施方案中,治疗是用于非人哺乳动物,如陪伴、工作和体育动物。例如,本技术的这样的方法可用于治疗马的炎性疾病。
本技术的方法还提供用于制备蛋白质溶液的护理点的方法。此处所指的“护理点的方法”是本技术的方法所实施的时间接近给所治疗的对象施用该蛋白质溶液。这种方法可以在待输入的哺乳动物对象邻近的位置进行,如在同一房间(例如,床边),或另外地直接相邻。在各种实施方案中,“接近的时间”可以是给对象施用蛋白质溶液的,例如,12小时内、8小时内、2小时内、1小时内或30分钟内。
在一些实施方案中,蛋白质溶液与伴随疗法一起施用。这种疗法包括,例如,施用如上所述药物活性物或生物制剂。在一些实施方案中,伴随疗法与蛋白质溶液同时施用。例如,方法可包括与安全和有效剂量的活性物质一起施用蛋白质溶液,所述活性物质选自糖皮质激素、非甾体消炎药、抗生素、抗病毒剂,以及它们的组合。
在一些实施方案中,方法包括与如上所述的浓缩的骨髓抽吸物一起施用蛋白质溶液。例如,cBMA和蛋白质溶液可以相伴施用。因此,在一些实施方案中,本技术提供包含安全和有效量的蛋白质溶液和安全和有效量的cBMA的组合物。自体治疗组合物包含APS和cBMA,APS和cBMA的比例为约1:1、约1:2、约1:3、约1:4、约1:5、约1:6、约1:7、约1:8、约1:9或约1:10。可替代地,APS:cBMA比例可以是约2:1、约3:1、约4:1、约5:1、约6:1、约7:1、约8:1、约9:1或约10:1。cBMA包括造血干细胞、基质干细胞、间充质干细胞、内皮祖细胞、红细胞、白细胞、成纤维细胞、网织红细胞、脂肪细胞或内皮细胞。本文中产生cBMA的可用方法描述于美国申请公开号2006/0278588,Woodell-May,公开于2006年12月14日。
本技术的方法一般包括将蛋白质溶液施用在哺乳动物对象的炎症部位。可以用任何合适的装置,包括本领域已知的这类将组合物局部递送到肌肉、关节、血管、肺或其它组织的装置,进行蛋白质溶液的施用。例如,用于治疗与关节疾病相关的炎症或疼痛的局部递送包括在关节或在关节附近注射蛋白质溶液。治疗炎性呼吸系统疾病包括通过气管插管、吸入器和喷雾器输送蛋白质溶液。
术语的非限制性讨论
标题(例如“介绍”和“概要”)和本文所用的副标题仅用于披露范围内主题的一般组织,不旨在限制本技术或其它任何方面的披露。特别是,在“介绍”中公开的主题可能包括新的技术,并可能不构成现有技术的叙述。“概要”中公开的主题并不是一个详尽或完整公开的整个范围的技术或由此的任何实施方案。材料的分类或讨论在本说明的一节内是为了方便,以及不应该得出推论,当它被用于在任何给定的组合物时,该材料必须或完全按照本文分类行使功能。
本公开里引用的所有参考文献,包括公布的和待处理的专利和专利申请的公开内容通过引用并入本文。
在说明该技术的实施方案时,描述和具体例子仅旨在用于说明,而并非意在限制本技术的范围。具体实施方案、材料、组合物和方法的等效变化、修改、变体可以在本技术的范围内进行,具有基本相似的结果。此外,具有所述特征的多个实施方案的叙述不旨在排除具有附加功能的其它实施方案,或结合了所述特征的不同组合的其它实施方案。提供具体的实例的目的是为了说明如何制备和使用本技术的组合物和方法,并且除非明确说明,不旨在表示本技术的给定的实施方案已被或没有被提出或测试。
如本文所用,词语“优选”或“优选的”指的是在某些情况下,提供一定好处的该技术的实施方案。然而,在相同或其他情况下,其他实施方案也可以是优选的。此外,一个或多个优选实施方案的表述并不意味着其它实施方案不可用,也不意味着将其它的实施方案排除于本技术的范围。
如本文所用,词语“包括”和它的变体,意在非限制性的,使得列表中的项目的列举不排除其他类似项目也可用于本技术的材料、组合物、设备以及方法。类似地,术语“能够”和“可以”以及其变体意在非限制性的,使得叙述实施方案能够或者可以包括某些元素或特征,并不排除本技术的不含有那些元素或特征的其它实施方案。
作为非限制性的术语,例如,包括,含有,或具有的同义词,尽管开放式术语“包含”在本文中用于描述和要求保护本技术的实施方案,但是,可以替代地,实施方案可以使用更限制性的术语如“由...组成”或“基本上由...组成”来描述。因此,对于列举材料、组分或方法步骤的任何给定的实施方案中,本技术还具体包括,由,或基本上由,这些材料、组分或方法组成的实施方案,不包括另外的材料、组分或方法(对于由……组成)和不包括影响该实施方案显著性质的另外的材料、组分或方法影响实施方案(对于基本上由……组成),即使这样的另外的材料、部分或过程中没有在本申请中明确详述。例如,列举要素A、B和C的组合物或方法的详述具体设想的实施方案为由,以及基本上由A、B和C组成,排除可能在本领域中列举的要素D,即使要素D在本文未明确描述被排除在外。此外,如本文使用的术语“基本上由列举的材料或组分组成”设想为“由所列举的材料或组分组成”的实施方案。
本文中所用的“一个”表示项目中的“至少一个”存在;可能的话,多个这样的项目也可以存在。当应用于数值时,“大约”表示计算或测量允许该数值的一些轻微的不精确性(接近精确的值;大约或合理地接近该值;几乎)。如果,由于某种原因,“大约”提供的不精确性不被理解成本领域的普通含义,那么如本文所用“大约”至少表示可能从测量或使用这种参数的常规方法出现的变化。
如本文所用,除非另有说明,范围包括端点,并且包括整个范围内公开内容的所有不同的值和进一步划分的范围。因此,例如,范围“从A到B”或“从约A到约B”是包括A和B。特定参数(如温度,分子量,比重等)的值和值的范围的公开并不排除可用于本发明的其他值和其范围。可以设想,用于给定参数的两个或多个特定的示例性的值可以限定该参数可要求保护的值的范围的端点。例如,如果此处举例说明参数X具有数值A和还举例具有数值Z,可以设想,参数X可以具有的值的范围从约A到约Z。相似地,可以设想,公开参数的两个或更多个值的范围(不管范围是否是嵌套的、交叠的或不同的)包括值的范围的所有组合,其可以用所公开的范围的端点要求保护。。例如,如果本文举例说明参数X具有1-10或2-9或3-8的范围内的值,还设想参数X可以具有的值的其它范围包括1-9、1-8、1-3、1-2、2-10、2-8、2-3、3-10和3-9。
Claims (46)
1.产生富含白介素-1受体拮抗剂(IL-1ra)溶液的方法,包括:
(a)通过使用非离心方法从包含细胞因子产生细胞的组织分离细胞因子产生细胞,获得包含细胞因子产生细胞的液体量;
(b)将包含细胞因子产生细胞的液体量与固相提取材料接触;和
(c)从固相提取材料分离所述液体量,以获得富含IL-1ra的溶液。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中包含细胞因子产生细胞的组织选自全血、骨髓抽吸物、脂肪组织、其部分及其混合物。
3.权利要求1的方法,其中所述非离心方法包括:
(i)将包含细胞因子产生细胞的组织或组织部分与磁珠混合,所述磁珠与可操作地结合单个核白细胞的抗体偶联;和
(ii)收集所述抗体所结合的单个核白细胞,用作包含浓缩的细胞因子产生细胞的液体。
4.权利要求1的方法,其中所述非离心方法包括将包含细胞因子产生细胞的组织或组织部分通过体积排阻过滤器。
5.权利要求4的方法,其中非离心方法包括将抗凝的全血收集于注射器中,并将抗凝的血液压送通过中空纤维设备。
6.权利要求1的方法,其中所述富含IL-1ra的溶液进一步包含选自sTNF-RI、sTNF-RII、IGF-I、EGF、HGF、PDGF-AB、PDGF-BB、VEGF、TGF-β1和sIL-lRII的一种或多种蛋白质。
7.权利要求1的方法,其中所述富含IL-1ra的溶液包含:
(i)白介素-1受体拮抗剂(IL-1ra),浓度至少约10,000pg/ml;
(ii)可溶性肿瘤坏死因子受体1(sTNF-R1),浓度至少约1,200pg/ml;和
(iii)蛋白质,选自sTNF-RII、IGF-I、EGF、HGF、PDGF-AB、PDGF-BB、VEGF、TGF-β1、sIL-lRII及其混合物,其中组合物中所述蛋白质的浓度大于该蛋白质在正常血液中的浓度。
8.权利要求1的方法,其中所述固相提取材料选自刚玉、石英、钛、葡聚糖、琼脂糖、聚丙烯酰胺、聚苯乙烯、聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚丙烯及其组合。
9.权利要求8的方法,其中所述固相提取材料包含聚丙烯酰胺。
10.权利要求1的方法,其中所述固相提取材料的形式选自珠、纤维、粉末、多孔材料及其组合。
11.权利要求10的方法,其中所述固相提取材料的表面经蚀刻以增加其表面积。
12.权利要求1的方法,其中所述接触进行约30分钟至约2小时。
13.权利要求1的方法,其中所述接触包括将液体置于电磁场。
14.权利要求13的方法,其中所述电磁场包括脉冲电磁场或电容耦合电磁场。
15.治疗哺乳动物对象中由白介素-1(IL-1)介导的疾病的方法,该方法包括给所述对象施用根据权利要求1制备的富含白介素-1受体拮抗剂(IL-1ra)的溶液。
16.权利要求15的方法,其中所述疾病是关节炎、骨质溶解、肌腱炎、滑膜炎、疼痛、外伤性损伤、肌肉拉伤或炎性呼吸道疾病。
17.权利要求15的方法,其中所述溶液与选自透明质酸注射、胶原载体、类固醇、微球、用或不用电刺激的减负型支具(offloaderbrace)、镇痛剂及其混合物的伴随疗法一起施用。
18.权利要求15的方法,其中所述包含细胞因子产生细胞的组织与所述对象是自体的。
19.权利要求15的方法,其中所述哺乳动物对象是人。
20.权利要求15的方法,其中所述哺乳动物对象是陪伴、工作或体育动物。
21.治疗哺乳动物对象中由白介素-1(IL-1)介导的疾病的方法,该方法包括:
(a)将一定量的细胞因子产生细胞和液体培养基混合以形成细胞因子细胞悬浮液,其中所述细胞因子产生细胞选自白细胞、脂肪基质细胞和间充质基质细胞,及其混合物;
(b)将细胞因子细胞悬浮液与聚丙烯酰胺珠接触约30分钟至约2小时;和
(c)从聚丙烯酰胺珠分离液体,以获得富含IL-1ra的溶液。
22.权利要求21的方法,其中所述一定量的细胞因子产生细胞由包括以下步骤之一或多个的方法制备,:
(a)将包含细胞因子产生细胞的组织压送通过中空纤维设备,形成包含细胞因子产生细胞的液体量;
(b)使用密度梯度助剂从全血分离细胞因子产生细胞;
(c)电泳;和
(d)将细胞因子产生细胞与抗体缀合的珠结合。
23.权利要求22的方法,其中所述包含细胞因子产生细胞的组织选自全血、骨髓抽吸物、脂肪组织、其部分及其混合物。
24.权利要求23的方法,其中所述包含细胞因子产生细胞的组织与所述对象是自体的。
25.权利要求21的方法,其中所述富含IL-1ra的溶液中的IL-1ra浓度为至少约10,000pg/ml。
26.权利要求25的方法,其中所述富含IL-1ra的溶液进一步包含选自sTNF-RII、IGF-I、EGF、HGF、PDGF-AB、PDGF-BB、VEGF、TGF-β1和sIL-lRII的至少一种蛋白质,其中所述蛋白质的浓度大于该蛋白质在正常血液中的浓度。
27.允许分离多组分材料的组分的系统,包含:
过滤器,其被设置为从多组分材料滤出第一组分以及允许剩余的多组分材料通过;
分离系统,用于接收剩余的多组分材料,所述分离系统包括
分离容器;
置于分离容器内的浮标系统;
其中剩余的多组分材料的第二组分是可操作的,以便在所述分离容器内通过浮标系统将其与剩余的多组分材料的第三组分分离。
28.权利要求27的系统,其中所述多组分材料是全血,以及所述第一组分是白细胞。
29.权利要求28的系统,其中所述第二组分是白膜层。
30.权利要求29的系统,其中所述第三组分是血浆。
31.权利要求29的系统,进一步包含:
连接到过滤器的回收容器;
其中所述分离系统进一步包括回收口;
其中所述回收容器被设置为连接到所述回收口,并将所述白膜层从所述分离容器通过所述回收口和通过所述过滤器引入所述回收容器。
32.权利要求31的系统,其中所述第一组分包括细胞因子产生细胞;其中所述白膜层是可操作的,以便从所述过滤器分离细胞因子产生细胞,以获得富含IL-1ra的溶液。
33.权利要求31的系统,其中所述浮标系统包括:
第一浮标部件和第二浮标部件,其中在第二部分和第三部分形成之后,所述白膜层位于所述第一浮标部件和第二浮标部件之间。
34.权利要求33的系统,其中所述第一浮标部件和第二浮标部件可以彼此相对移动。
35.允许分离多组分材料的组分的系统,包含:
过滤器,其被设置为从多组分材料滤出白细胞组分以及允许剩余的多组分材料通过过滤器;
分离系统,用于接收剩余的多组分材料,所述分离系统包括
分离容器,限定内部容积;
置于分离容器的内部容积中的浮标系统;其中所述浮标系统包括第一浮标部件和第二浮标部件;
其中剩余的多组分材料的第二组分是可操作的,以便在所述分离容器内与剩余的多组分材料的第三组分离;
其中所述第二组分能够定位于所述第一浮标部件和第二浮标部件之间;
其中所述第三组分能够定位于所述第一浮标部件和分离容器末端之间。
36.权利要求35的系统,进一步包含:
回收容器,其被设置为连接到所述分离系统以从所述分离系统回收第二组分或第三组分的至少一种。
37.权利要求36的系统,其中所述回收容器连接到所述过滤器。
38.权利要求37的系统,其中所述过滤器用回收的至少第一或第二组分回洗。
39.权利要求38的系统,其中所述第一浮标部件可相对于第二浮标部件移动。
40.权利要求39的系统,其中所述过滤器是体积排阻中空纤维阵列。
41.分离多组分材料的组分的方法,包括:
将多组分材料通过过滤器,所述过滤器被设置为以从多种组分材料滤出白细胞组分,以及允许剩余的多个组分通过;
将剩余的多组分材料传递进入限定分离系统内部容积的分离容器;
操作所述分离系统以在所述分离容器内将至少第二组分与第三组分分离;和
通过所述过滤器回收来自分离容器中的所述第二组分或所述第三组分的至少一种以回洗所述过滤器。
42.权利要求41的方法,进一步包括:
在第一浮标部件和第二浮标部件之间形成所述第二组分或所述第三组分的至少一种。
43.权利要求42的方法,进一步包括:
使所述第一浮标部件相对于所述第二浮标部件移动。
44.权利要求41的方法,其中操作所述分离系统以在所述分离容器内将至少第二组分与第三组分分离的步骤包括将包括剩余的多组分材料的分离容器离心。
45.权利要求44的方法,其中回收第二组分或第三组分的至少一种包括从分离系统回收白膜层或血浆部分的至少一种。
46.权利要求45的方法,进一步包括:
通过所述过滤器回收来自所述分离系统的所述白膜层或所述血浆部分的至少一种而获得富含IL-1ra的溶液。
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US9556243B2 (en) | 2017-01-31 |
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Application publication date: 20151230 |
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